Importance of Computer in Education

Computer making teaching and learning more easier

Traditional methods of educational teaching still prevail in various urban, suburban and certain
remote regions of the world. However, few educational institutions have successfully introduced new
methods of technology for learning in students. This has also made the teaching process more
expandable and easier.

Computer is environment-friendly

The use of technology in educational institutions can encourage afforestation by saving natural
resources which are being used in the preparation of stationery items for students, especially paper.
Personal computers, laptops, and tablets provide information digitally on the internet with other
benefits of technology in education.

Computer bridges the gap between distant learning

Technology can easily bridge the gap between distance education and learning by giving an opportunity to
every student to embrace digital learning by applying technology in education. Technology makes education
accessible everywhere. You can appear for other curriculum studies and tests alongside your current education
through the use of a computer and the internet. Students will have a more flexible way of learning things.

Computer expands the path for education

Just like reading books, technology in the form of the internet helps in expanding the path for your education as
now we have various ways for education benefits for development areas. You can learn more through the use of
technological devices which are at your disposal. You can find more information online that are related to your
academic curriculum.

Using computer access information in less time

Although books contain tons of information which you can read through, with the help of a computer, you can
find information online quickly and endlessly. Browsing online for learning is quick enough than flipping pages
of books.

Technology Engages Students and Creates Motivated Learners

Using technology in the classroom can help turn the mundane into marvelous. The sounds and graphics of
computers gain children’s attention. That math concept that you cannot seem to understand, can turn interesting
and clear when combined with a software game. The history project of America’s founding can come alive when
students search for and find primary source documents from that time. Technology can make students active
participants in the learning, engaging in problem solving, mastery learning and conversation. They have the
control to make things happen and can play and replay activities, while experimenting with variations.

Technology Facilitates Communication – With Peers and Parents

Students are able to collaborate, review and add to learning opportunities using programs like Google docs,
Wikis, and learning management software. Research shows that students prefer to work in groups on the
computer, seeking help from each other instead of the teacher. They engage in high levels of spoken
communication and cooperation using the computer. They are also able to conduct peer tutoring and peer
mentoring using technology. Technology also improves two-way communication from school to home. Parents
can more easily be kept informed about what is going on in the classroom, students can share projects with
parents, and parents can have input into what is happening at school.

Technology Enhances Individual Learning and Growth

Students learn in many different ways and in different time frames. Technology can provide differentiation in the
classroom, giving all students the opportunity for success by allowing them to work through projects or
concepts at their own pace. Technology can give help to disabled students or students with learning disabilities
And it can also easily enrich the advanced student.

Technology Brings The World Into The Classroom

The use of the Internet brings a whole new world of educational resources and teaching aides into the
classroom. Movies, film clips, museums, primary source documents, and so much more are now
available with the click of a button and all of the sound, color and real-life experiences come
streaming into the classroom. These resources can be used to enhance the teaching of standards, to
provide an alternative teaching strategy for a struggling learner, and to enrich the educational
development of more advanced students.

Technology Teaches Real-World Skills

Technology is an integral part of how we work and live. Teaching students how to use technology to
learn, research, collaborate, and solve problems from an early age will better prepare them for their
careers. It can also help reduce the fear of new technology in the future by familiarizing them with the
discovery process for each new tool. The more familiar we can make computers for our youngest
learners, the easier time they will have using computers as they get older. In addition to these
computer skills, students can gain information about how to use the internet safely and effectively in a
controlled environment. By learning to use technology in the classroom at a young age, children are
developing the skills and knowledge that is essential in today’s world.

ADVANTAGE OF COMPUTER

 Increase productivity

Computers increase your productivity and with a good understanding of the software running on them you will
become more productive at everything you do. For example, once you have a basic understanding of using a
word processor you can create, store, edit, share, and print documents and letters. Each of these things was
either impossible or much slower with all pre-existing technologies.

 Connects you to the Internet

Connecting a computer to the Internet is what unlocks the power of the computer. Once connected to the
Internet your choices and available options are almost limitless, and many of the benefits listed on this page are
a computer that is connected to the Internet.

 Can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste

Computers are capable of storing and accessing vast amounts of information. For example, a computer and
devices like eBook readers can store hundreds and if given enough storage could store millions of books. By
being able to store books, documents, movies, pictures, and songs digitally, you can quickly find what you need
with a search and share information between devices. It eliminates the need for paper and plastics used to make
non-digital versions of the media.

 Helps sort, organize, and search through information

A computer can also use its stored information more efficiently than any other device. In our earlier
example, we mentioned the ability to store millions of books. Once those books are stored on a
computer they can be sorted into categories, alphabetized, and can be searched to find exactly may be
looking for in less than a minute. Trying to find the same text in a million books would take a human
months if not years.

 Get a better understanding of data

Computers can also give you a better understand of data and big data. For example, a business could
have a database of items they've sold. Using that data, they can quickly identify what items sell best at
what time of year, when to mark up or down an item, and what items are not selling. Having access to
this type of information can give the business a better understanding of their customers and a
competitive edge against their competitors.

 Keeps you connected

Computers can help keep you connect with long distance friends and family over e-mail and social
networking. You can also connect with millions of other people that share the same interests as you
over online forums, chat, and VoIP services like Skype. Being able to connect to people all around the
world is also an excellent way to meet people you would normally never meet.

Another great thing about the communication on the Internet is that it's fast compared to other forms of
communication. For example, you could send someone an e-mail on the other side of the planet, and it
often arrives in less than a minute or at most a few minutes. Where snail mail (postal mail) would take
days or even weeks to arrive.

 Can help you learn and keep you informed

The computer and a computer connected to the Internet is a great learning tool and is something that
can help answer almost any question and can teach you anything that interests you. You also have
access to any news station in the world and can keep up-to-date with all of the latest news, weather,
and stories around the world. You could learn a new profession by reading websites or watching
videos. You could even sign up for online courses that teach you about any subject you'd learn in
school.

 Can make you money

When connected to the Internet, a computer can help you make money many different ways. For
example, it is much cheaper to create and run an online store than having a physical store. Also, once
online, your store or product has a global audience and you could sell to anyone in the world.

 In addition to helping you make money, the computer with a spreadsheet is an excellent tool to
help keep track of your finances and breakdown your spending habits.
  Improves your abilities

Are you not the best speller, have poor grammar, not great at math, don't have a great memory, or need
help with something else. By using all of the computers abilities, you can improve all of your abilities
or if you have a hard time learning you can rely on the computer to assist you.

 Can help automate and monitor

One of the best things a computer can do is be programmed to complete a task and once done be made
to repeat that task as many times as you need. For example, a computer could be programmed to move
a robotic arm that builds a part for a car or filter, sort, respond, and forward incoming e-mail as it is
received.

A computer can automate any imaginable task and can also be programmed to wait for something to
occur. For example, computers connected to a camera can be programmed to watch for movement and
when detected send an alert and begin recording.

 Save time

Today, there are dozens of services that can help save you time. Several examples are listed below.

 Using a site like Amazon, you can find many of the same products you would find at a store for
the same price or cheaper. You can also have those items shipped to your door without having
to leave your home.
 You could use an online banking site to view your bank balance and pay bills.
 If your favorite restaurant has a website, you can order take out without having to wait in line.
 You can view online traffic cameras and maps with traffic information to find the quickest
route.

 Assist the physically challenged

Computers are an excellent tool that can be used to help the physically challenged. For example,
Stephen Hawking uses a computer to speak, which wouldn't be as easy without a computer. Computers
are also great tools for the blind with special software that can be installed to read what is on the
screen. Finally, for those who have a hard time leaving the house, shopping, or socializing, a computer
can help with all of these tasks.

 Find love in your life

Millions of people have found the love of their lives on the Internet through online dating sites.
Computers and the Internet make it much easier for people to connect with other people from around
the world that are interested in the same things that interest them.

 Keep you entertained

With a computer, you could store and listen to millions of songs and watch a DVD or Blu-ray if you
have a drive. When connected to the Internet, you could watch an endless amount of streaming and
online videos from popular sites like Amazon, Netflix, and YouTube.
 Disadvantages of Computers

 Carpal tunnel and eye strain

A computer requires a lot of repetitive movement that can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. For
example, moving your hand from your keyboard to a mouse and typing are all repetitive and can cause
injuries. Taking breaks, keeping the proper posture, and understanding computer ergonomics can all
help prevent or delay these injuries.

 Too much sitting

Too much of anything is bad and too much sitting for a long time and becoming a mouse potato can
lead to health problems. Substituting a traditional desk for a standing desk is not a perfect solution, as
it has been found that standing for long periods of time is not healthy, but can be better than sitting.
The best solution is to take frequent breaks where you move around, stretch, and exercise.

 Short attention span and too much multitasking

With today's computers, computer devices, and the Internet we have all become hooked on instant
gratification. As you use a computer and the Internet and get immediate answers to your questions and
requests, you become accustomed to getting that quick dopamine fix. You can become easily frustrated
when something doesn't work or is not answered in a timely matter.

With a reduced attention span, it is also not uncommon to multitask more and work on more than one
thing at the same time. Many studies show that multitasking is less productive, can cause more
mistakes, and may even be bad for your brain.

 Can limit learning and create a dependency

If you can remain focused, a computer with the Internet can be one of the greatest tools in history to
learn about anything. It's also easy to become overly reliant on a computer and other electronic
devices. For example, a spell checker is a great tool for finding spelling errors. However, if you never
learn the proper spelling of a word and just rely on spell checker or auto-correct, you're more likely to
make spelling errors.

Other tools like grammar checkers, GPS, and calculators are also extremely helpful. However, if you
become too reliant on these tools, you may be helpless when they're not available.

 Potential of loss of privacy

With computers storing so much of your personal information and now being connected to the Internet
you risk the potential of that information getting into the hands of others. Once a malicious person has
your personal information, they could access your online accounts or use identity theft to open other
accounts, such as a new credit card under your name.

 Time sink and lots of distractions

Although a computer can be a tool that can significantly increase your productivity, it can also be
something that can be used to waste a lot of your time. For example, you could be trying to learn more
about computers and see an interesting link on cooking spaghetti, spending a few minutes reading that
page. Then, you read a page about the best pot to use, which leads to reading about healthy eating.
Two hours later, you realize you never achieved your original goal.

Also, with the popularity of social networks and notifications, you can become easily distracted while
you are trying to work.

 Increases waste and impacts the environment

With the speed that computers and other electronics get replaced, all of the old devices that get thrown
away have a significant impact on the environment.

 Can reduce jobs

As computers become smarter and more capable, they also replace the need for many jobs. In the
future, it is also not inconceivable that computers will be able to carry out any job.

 Trolls, abuse, stalking, and exploitation

Anyone who has spent time on the Internet has encountered trolls or abusive people. Unfortunately,
with the anonymous nature of the Internet and being connected to all types of individuals from around
the world, it is much easier to encounter these kinds of people.

With more and more people sharing information on the Internet, it is also much easier for stalkers to
find personal information about people and their family. They can also use online services to find
information about people.

Finally, the Internet also makes it much easier for those who prey on others to find people to exploit.

 You could become anti-social or depressed

With all of the possibilities available on a computer, it is easy to get obsessed to the point you become
anti-social. For example, many online games (e.g., World of Warcraft) have been designed to be
addictive and can easily consume so much time that you end up playing the game more than being
around others. Others may find online shopping so beneficial that they rarely go out to shop.

For many, social networks can also be an escape of being social in the real world by doing most of
your association with friends and family over social networks like Facebook. There have also been
many studies that shows social network sites can be depressing because they only show all of the good,
fun, and interesting things friends and family are doing. It can result in people believing that other
people's lives are so much better than theirs.
 COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer – is an electronic device that accepts information from the user, processes information,
shows or displays the information and saves the information for future use at high speeds according to
programmed instructions.

- It comes from the word compute means to “calculate” or “count”.

BASIC COMPONENTS MAKE UP A COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. Hardware – is composed of the computer parts that you can physically see and touch. Examples:
keyboard, mouse, system unit, etc.

2. Software – is the program that tells the computer what to do.

Examples: Microsoft office 2008, visual basic, etc.

3. Peopleware – operates the computer

Example: students

HISTORY OF COMPUTER

 Abacus – it was invented in China around the 13th century. It is a handy and useful tool for
calculating. It can perform single addition and subtraction operations.

 Pascaline – invented by Blaise Pascal, which was first known as the Pascal calculator. This
calculator adopted some principal parts of the abacus, but instead of beads, wheels were used to move
its counters to perform addition and subtraction.

 Leibnitz calculator– invented by Gottfried Leibnitz, which can add, subtract, multiply and
divide numbers.
 Jacquard Loom – invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard. This machine used punched cards with
holes to weave fabrics.

 Analytical Engine – invented by British Mathematicians Charles Babbage and Lady Augusta
Byron. They applied the punched card concept of Jacquard. It is considered as the beginning of the
modern computer designed to perform complex mathematical calculations.

Charles Babbage – father of a machine called computer

Lady Augusta Ada Byron – first programmer. She wrote programs or sets of instructions for the
computer.

 Tabulating Machine – later known as International Business Machine (IBM). Invented by the
American Statistician named Herman Hollerith. It can record, compile, and tabulate data in weeks. It
was used in 1890 by the US government to tabulate the census faster.

census – is a count survey of the number of people living in a city or town.

 In 1968, computers were already using a microprocessor. It is made up of Silicon chips. It

enables the computer to work faster.
 USES OF COMPUTER

1. Personal and Home Uses

*shopping online *practice cooking
*playing games *listening music
*work from home *watching movies

2. Business Uses
*keep quicker and easier large amounts of information at hand like databases
*ordering and tracking resources
*meeting clients from different locations
*presentation of their products
*selling their products
*update inventory of products
*making reports
* financial report
*training employees
*seminars / workshops
*making design for their product

3. Educational Uses
*the internet allows access to hundreds of online research materials colleagues to correspond quickly
about ongoing research and combine graphics
*use animation and audio with a reading program to reach students of all ages and learning styles.
*calculating of grades
*seminars / workshops
*for designing projects/reports

4. Communication Uses
*computers allow people across the world to communicate easily by empowering the former to share
documents and collaborate on projects like giving a presentation or attending a training course.
*chatting
*video conference

5. Farm Uses
* computers allow the creation of a spreadsheet model to determine the optimum amount of fertilizer
to add to maximize profits
* the tracking of animals to know which one produce the most milk and use that information when
determining which animals to breed.

6. Transportation Uses
*computers allow pilots to receive a lot of practice without a costs. In this case, simulators can vary
from massive airline trainers used by airplane manufacturers to Microsoft Flight Simulator.
*computer can show the map of a place

TYPES OF COMPUTER

TYPES OF
COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
Super Computer: An extremely fast computer that can
perform hundreds of millions of
instructions per second. As of June
2016, the fastest supercomputer in the
world is the Sunway TaihuLight, in
Jiangsu, China.

USES:
*for weather and environmental
forecasting and climate research,
*petroleum exploration
*engineering simulations, such as
the study of airplane models in wind
tunnels
*large banks employ supercomputers to
calculate the risks and returns of various
investment strategies
* nuclear research
*cryptanalysis
* for specialized applications such as
to fight diseases.
Mainframe Computer: A powerful multi-user computer
capable of supporting many
hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously. They are designed to
perform large numbers of calculations
 for governments and large enterprises.
USES:
* for database management
*ATMs (Automated Teller Machine)
*utility bills processing
*census
Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of
supporting up to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
USES:
* as servers in a network,
*as server in companies,
government, agencies, schools, etc.
Microcomputer:
Used by individuals, offices,
schools, and government offices.

TYPES OF MICROCOMPUTER

Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A

workstation is like a personal computer, but it
has a more powerful microprocessor and, in
general, a higher-quality monitor.
Personal also called PC or desktop computer. A small,
Computer: single-user computer based on a microprocessor.
Macintosh Apple was the first commercially successful
Computer (MAC): personal computer to use a Graphical User
Interface (GUI) w/c uses windows, icons, and a
mouse to make it easy for beginners to use a
computer. The GUI is part of the operating
system w/c means that all applications that
operate on a Macintosh computer have a similar
user interface. A unique aspect of the Macintosh
line of personal computer is that OS and
hardware are both proprietary to Apple
Computers. This means that you cannot
purchase a non-apple Macintosh nor can operate
the Macintosh operating system and related
software on any other computer that is not
manufactured by Apple.
A 'laptop' computer is a light, compact and
Laptop Computer: portable PC. It contain a rechargeable battery
so that they can be used even when not plugged
in to a mains power supply. They also have a
built-in LCD monitor. To make them as
portable as possible, most laptops try to avoid
any sort of cable or wire. Instead of a mouse, a
trackpad is used. Instead of a wired connection
to a network or printer, 'wireless' radio
connections are used.
Notebook A portable computer that is slightly lighter and
Computer: smaller than a full-sized laptop computer.
Typically, sub notebook computers have a
smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise
equivalent to laptop computers.
Hand-held A typical palmtop have a very small keyboard -
Computer or too small to type on normally. Instead the user
Palmtop types using both thumbs. Also there is no room
Computer for a trackpad, so a touchscreen or tiny joystick
is used instead. Palmtops are usually not very
powerful since fast CPUs require a large battery
and get hot - both problems in a small device.
Palmtops are extremely portable, but the small
keyboard and screen make the devices tiring to
use for long periods.

Personal Digital It is even more compact, and typically has no

Assistant (PDA) keyboard, using a touch screen for all data input.
Computer Since the screen is so small, many PDAs have a
small stylus (plastic stick) that is used to press
things on the screen. Most PDAs use some sort
of handwriting-recognition system to allow the
user to write on the screen, and have their
writing converted into text.
PDAs tend to be used a 'digital diaries' allowing
users to take their e-mail, documents,
appointments, etc. with them wherever they go.
Tablet Computer A tablet computer, or simply tablet, is a
mobile computer with display, circuitry and
battery in a single unit. Tablets are equipped
with sensors, including cameras,
microphone, accelerometer and touchscreen,
with finger or stylus gestures replacing
computer mouse and keyboard. Tablets may
include physical buttons, e.g., to control
basic features such as speaker volume and
power and ports for network
communications and to charge the battery.
An on-screen, pop-up virtual keyboard is
usually used for typing.

FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS OF A MICROCOMPUTER

1. Input Devices - allow us to enter information into the computer. Performs the two most basic
computing tasks: issuing commands and entering data.
2. Processing Devices - Processing components manipulate the information once it is in the computer.
3. Storage Devices - Store/save the entered information and programs for future use.
4. Output Devices - are how the manipulated information is show to us.
EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
 Keyboard is used to type information. It has
keys for the letters of the alphabet, numbers,
and symbols. Striking any of the keys sends a
signal to the computer.
Mouse – is a hand-clicked device used for
pointing and selecting objects in a computer.

Joystick – is a device which is commonly

used for computer games. It allows a player to
control the movements of a cursor on a
computer screen or a symbol in a video
games
bar code reader (or bar code scanner) is an
electronic device that can read and output printed
barcodes to a computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it
consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor
translating optical impulses into electrical ones.
Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain
decoder circuitry analyzing the bar code's image
data provided by the sensor and sending the
barcode's content to the scanner's output port.

Scanner - is a device that optically scans

images, printed text, handwriting, or an
object, and converts it to a digital image.

Digital Camera – use a light-sensitive

processor chip to capture photographic
images in digital form on a small diskette
inserted in the camera or on flash memory
chips.

EXAMPLE OF PROCESSING DEVICE

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the hardware within a

computer that carries out the instructions of a computer
program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations of the system.

EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICE

Monitor It has a screen that shows the letters, numbers,

symbols and drawing that we are working with.

Printer Is an output device that produces text and graphics on

paper. It is a piece of hardware that produces a paper
copy (also known as ‘hardcopy’) of the information
generated by the computer.
Speaker Is an output device that produces sound and music
when connected to the computer.

Projector Is an optical device that projects an image (or moving

images) onto a surface, commonly a projection
screen.

Plotter Is a computer printer for printing vector graphics. It

draws pictures on paper using a pen. Plotters are used
to print designs of ships and machines, plans for
buildings and so on.

Photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine) is a

machine that makes paper copies of documents and
other visual images quickly and cheaply

Type of Storage Device:

1. Primary Storage Device – it is an internal storage that holds data

2. Secondary Storage Device - it is non-volatile and retains data even when the power is off and data
usually pass through input and output channel before being accessed by CPU

EXAMPLES OF STORAGE DEVICE

HARD-DISK DRIVE –is a

primary storage device that store
billions of characters of data on a
nonremoveable disk platter.
RAM (Random Access
Memory) acts temporary storage
of data that are being used by
computer, such data are lost once
power is switch off. Located in
the motherboard in RAM
modules which are inserted in
special slots.
ROM (Read Only Memory) is
also known as “non-volatile
memory”. ROM is programmed
with software called the Basic
Input Output System or BIOS.
When you turn on your computer,
the BIOS ensures that your
hardware operates properly with
each other and prepares your
computer to load the operating
 system or Windows. The
information stored in ROM will
not be changed or erased when
you turn off the computer.
CD or Compact Disc is a
secondary storage device
originally developed to store and
play sound recordings only (CD-
DA), but was later adapted for
storage of data (CD-ROM).

DVD or Digital Video Disc" or

"Digital Versatile Disc is a
secondary storage invented and
developed by Philips, Sony,
Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995.
DVDs can be played in many
types of players, including DVD
players. DVDs offer higher
storage capacity than compact
discs while having the same
dimensions.
MEMORY CARD (sometimes
called a flash memory card or
a storage card) is a secondary
storage device used to store data
such as text, pictures, audio, and
video, for use on small, portable
or remote computing devices.
FLASH DISC is a secondary
storage device used for storage,
back-up and transfer of computer
files. They are smaller, faster,
have thousands of times more
capacity, and are more durable
and reliable because they have no
moving parts.

MAIN PARTS OF COMPUTER

Types:
Keyboard - Is an input device used to enter and 1. PS/2 type keyboard,
send numbers, letters and other characters into
the computer 2.USB type keyboard
3. Wireless keyboard
Types:
Mouse - Is an input device used to point, 1. PS/2 type mouse
select, search, close, for a file program, picture,
music, open an icons so you can run a
program, highlight text so you can copy, delete 2. USB type mouse
or change the word
3. wireless mouse

Types:
Monitor - Is an output device that shows the 1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
process information found in the computer. monitor

2. LCD (Liquid Crystal

Display) monitor

3. LED (Light Emitting

Diode) monitor

-touch screen monitor

System Unit - sometimes called the main unit,

or the main body of a computer. It is a box-like
case in which many different parts work
together so that the computer can function.

Peripheral device is any component or piece of equipment that expands a computer’s input, storage,
and output capabilities. Peripheral devices serve specific purpose, enhance a computer’s functions, or
add new service or additional resources.
Examples: speaker, printer, scanner, webcam, projector
PARTS OF KEYBOARD

1. Alphanumeric Keys – includes letters of alphabet (A to Z), numbers from 0 to 9, and some special
characters

2. Numeric Keys – includes numbers 0 to 9 and math symbols.

Math Symbols:

+  used for addition

-  used for subtraction
*  used for multiplication
/  used for division
 Used to find answer
3. Directional Keys – move the position to the beginning or end of the page, or to go one page up or
one page down. These are the Home Key, End Key, Page Up Key, and Page Down Key.

4. Arrow Keys – move the position of the blinking line on your screen to different directions. The
blinking line or the cursor shows you where the next character will appear. These are the Left Arrow
Key (it can view left), Right Arrow Key (it can view right), Up Arrow Key (it can view up), and
Down Arrow Key (view down).

5. Function Keys – are assigned to do unique jobs. These include Esc (escape), F1,F2, F3, F4, F5, F6,
F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12.

6. Modifier Keys – these keys do not do anything on their own. They have to be pressed with other
keys at the same time. These include ctrl (control) key, Shift key, Alt (alternative) key, and windows
key

7. Special Keys – are used to perform special tasks. These include Tab key, Enter key , Backspace
key, Space Bar, Insert key , Delete key, Caps Lock key, Scroll Lock key, Pause Break key, and
Print Screen key.
8. LED or Light Emitting Diode Status Indicator – these indicators tell whether the Numlock Key, the
Caps Lock key, and the Scroll Lock Key are activated.

9. Wire or cable – carries electricity so that the keyboard will function

 PARTS OF MOUSE

1. Left Button – the most used button. You use the left mouse button with your pointing finger.
USES: for clicking, double clicking, dragging and dropping

2. Right Button – this button is used only for special functions. You use your middle finger on this
button.
USE: for right clicking

3. Palm Rest – this is where you place your palm so that your hand will not get tired easily.

4. Scroll Wheel – this is the rotating button between the two click buttons and is used to scroll up and
down pages.

5. Light Emitting Diode (LED) / Infrared Light / sensored

- It can move the pointer to the left, right, up or down.

6. Cable – carries electricity so that the mouse will function

MOUSE POINTER

1. Arrow
2. Double-headed arrow

3. Four-headed arrow

4. I-beam
5. Cross

6. Fill Handle

USES OF MOUSE

1. Pointing - this method is done by moving the mouse printer over the
different objects on your screen without selecting anything.

2. Clicking – this method is used to select an object by pressing the left

button once and then releasing it immediately.

3. Double clicking – used to select an object and get it working right away. This
is done by pressing the left mouse button twice very quickly.

4. Dragging and Dropping – this method is done by pressing

down the left mouse button and dragging or moving it to
another location before it is released. This method is often
used to move an object or to change its size.

5. Right clicking – this method is done by pressing the right mouse button while the pointer is over an
object on the screen. It allows you to see the list of tasks that you can do with
the object that it is pointed at.
FRONT PART OF CRT MONITOR

1. Power Button – turns the monitor on or off.

2. Screen – displays your work.

3. Monitor Stand – positions or steadies the monitor.

4. Rotating Base – helps swivel the monitor so you can see the
screen better.

5. Casing – protects the inner part of monitor.

6. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and adjustment buttons

found in front of monitor – help adjust the appearance of images on your monitor screen.

BACK PART OF CRT MONITOR

1. Monitor Power Cable – the cable connected to the power

socket

2. Video Adapter Cable – the cable that carries video

signals from the system unit to the monitor.
The video signals tells the monitor what to display on the screen.

3. Exhaust holes – releases the hot air

FRONT PART OF LCD MONITOR

1. Monitor Screen – it is where you see things you are doing in the computer. Anything that is seen on
the screen is called soft copy.

2. Base – it supports and holds the monitor screen.

3. Monitor stand – it supports the weight of the monitor.

4. Adjustment buttons – these are the buttons used to change the color and brightness of the screen and
to control the volume.

5. Light Emitting Diode (LED) – the light seen on the power switch when the monitor is turned on.

6. Power Button – it is used to switch the monitor on and off.

7. Casing – protects the inner part of monitor

BACK PART OF LCD MONITOR

1. Video cable port – this is where the video adapter cable is connected to transmit information that
will appear on the display screen.

2. Power cable port – this is where the power cable is connected to transmit electricity so that the
monitor will on.
 PART OF SYSTEM UNIT

1. CD Drive – part of the computer where a

Compact Disk is used

2. DVD Drive - part of the computer where

a Compact Disk and Digital Versatile Disk
is used

3. Power Button – turns the computer on

4. Reset Button – restarts the computer

without turning it off

5. Pilot Light – indicates whether the

system unit is turned on or off, or whether
it is processing or thinking.
* hard disk light (cylinder sign) – indicates
the computer is thinking or processing
* power light (bulb sign) indicates the
computer is turned on

6. Casing – protects the inside parts of the

system unit

7. Power Port – where power cable is

connected

8. Monitor Power Port – where monitor

power cable is connected

9. PS/2 Keyboard Port - PS/2 type of

keyboard is connected

10. PS/2 Mouse Port - PS/2 type of mouse

is connected
11. USB port or Universal Serial Bus Port
– all USB cable is connected

12. LAN port or Local Area Network Port

– used for networking. This is where the
LAN cable is connected

13. Parallel Port – Dot matrix printer is

connected

14. Video Port – video adapter cable is

connected

15. HDMI port or High-Definition

Multimedia Interface port – this is where
the HDMI cable is connected

16. DVI port or Digital Visual Interface

port – this is where the DVI cable is
connected

17. Game Port – this is where the joystick

or other gaming device is connected

18. Exhaust holes – this is an opening

where hot air is released to keep the inside
of the system unit cool

19. Expansion Slot – this is where the

expansion card is installed

20. Audio Port – use to hear sound

** line out jack (Green) – use for speaker
or head phone
** line in jack (Blue) - allows you to listen
to your computer using a stereo system
** microphone jack (Pink) – allows you to
record sound on your computer
 21. Serial Port – extra port of computer.
Some of the things you can plug into a
serial port include: a mouse, modem,
scanner, or digital camera. Most computers
have two serial ports: COM1 and COM2.
22. Power Supply Fan – it makes the power
supply cool

23. Side cover – open or close the opening

of system unit

INSIDE PART OF SYSTEM UNIT

Power Supply – supplies electricity which

enables all internal parts to work and the system
unit to run

Digital Versatile Disc-Read Only Memory

(DVD-ROM) is a read-only digital versatile disc
(DVD) commonly used for storing large
software applications. It is similar to a compact
disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) but has a
larger capacity. A DVD-ROM permanently
stores data files which cannot be changed,
written over or erased.
CD ROM – A device used to read CD-ROMs. If
capable of writing to the CD-ROM, then they are
usually referred to as a ‘burner’ or CD-RW.

Floppy Drive – A device that is used to

read/write to floppy diskettes.

Motherboard – is the power and data

infrastructure for the entire computer. It is the
main circuit board of a microcomputer. It is also
known as the main board, system board, logic
board, printed circuit board (PCB), and casually
shortened to mobo.

A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred

to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk
 drive, is a non-volatile storage device which
stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating
platters with magnetic surfaces.
Strictly speaking, "drive" refers to a device
distinct from its medium.
Expansion Cards – Used to add/improve functionality to the
computer.

Sound Card – Used to input

and output sound under
program control.
Sound cards provide better
sound quality than the built in
sound control provided with
most computers.
Graphics Card – Used to
convert the logical
representation of an
image to a signal that can be
used as input for a monitor.
Network Card – Used to
provide a computer connection
over a network. Transmit data
at 10/100/1000 Mb/s
Fan – Keeps your computer
cool. If the inside of your
computer becomes too
hot, then the computer can
overheat and damage parts
Heatsink – Used to disperse
the heat that is produced inside
the computer by the CPU and
other parts by increasing
surface area
Capacitors – store energy
- is a passive two-terminal
electrical component used to
temporarily store electrical
energy in an electric field.
Resistors –are used to reduce
current flow, adjust signal levels, to
divide voltages, bias active elements,
and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses

Transistors – a valve which

allows currents to be turned on or
off . is a semiconductor device
used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical
power.
 Central Processing Unit
(CPU) is the electronic circuitry
within a computer that carries out
the instructions of a computer
program by performing the basic
arithmetic, logical, control and
input/output (I/O) operations
specified by the instructions.
A Random-Access Memory
(RAM) device allows data items
to be read or written in almost the
same amount of time irrespective
of the physical location of data
inside the memory.
Read-only memory (ROM) is
a type of non-volatile memory
used in computers and other
electronic devices. Most personal
computers contain a small amount
of ROM that stores critical
programs such as the program that
boots the computer. In addition,
ROMs are used extensively in
calculators and peripheral devices
such as laser printers, whose
fontsare often stored in ROMs.
PARTS OF MOTHERBOARD

 IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics

 FDD (Floppy Disk Drive)
 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
 AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
 ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
 Northbridge
 Southbridge
 CPU socket
 Memory slot
 BIOS (Binary Input / Output System)
 CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor) battery
 4-pin ATX (Advance Technology Extended) Power Supply Connector
 20-pin ATX (Advance Technology Extended) Power Supply Connector
 AMR (Audio Modem Riser)
 Input/Output Connectors
 HARDWARE TOOLS

Tool – is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

Proper Tool Selection

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First know and understand in detail the scope of work to
be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.

2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in proper use of the tools, field experience in
their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.

3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by
manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used
according to their manufacturer’s instructions.

Four categories of Hardware tools:

 Electro-Static Discharge tools

 Hand tools
 Cleaning tools
 Diagnostic tools

1. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

-are tools used to protect the device and the person holding that device in static electricity.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a swift discharge of electric current between two objects with
different charges and different numbers of electrons. This exchange of electrons creates a large
electromagnetic field buildup, resulting in ESD. Certain electronic devices are vulnerable to low-
voltage ESD. For example, a hard drive is susceptible to just 10 volts. Integrated circuits (IC) are also
prone to ESD and may be permanently damaged by high-voltage currents.

ESD causes two types of electrical equipment damage:

1. Catastrophic Creates permanent damage 2. Upset failure: Nearly indetectable. Damages
components, but there may be a degree of continued equipment performance.

Examples of ESD tools:

 Anti-static wrist strap – used to
prevent ESD damage to computer
equipment

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or

place hardware on to prevent static
electricity from building up

Anti-static bag - used to store and

transfer electrostatic sensitive
equipment. Example: hard disk drive,
sound card, or video card

Proper Use of Antistatic Wrist Strap

 Connect the cable to the metal chassis of the computer

 Wrap the strap around your wrist
 The connection will keep your body at the same voltage (potential) as the computer
 Attach the wire on the same side of the equipment as the arm wearing the antistatic wrist strap
to keep the wire out of the way while you are working.

CAUTION: Never wear an antistatic wrist strap if you are repairing a monitor or CRT.

2. Hand Tools

A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. The
hand tools can be (1.)manually - used employing force, or (2.)electrically powered - using electrical
current.

Examples of Hand Tools:

Flat head screwdriver – used

to loosen or tighten slotted
screws

Philips head screwdriver –

used to loosen or tighten
cross head screws

Torx screwdriver – used to

loosen or tighten screws that
have a star-like depression
on the top, a feature that is
mainly found on laptop

Hex driver – sometimes

called a nut driver, is used to
tighten nuts in the same way
that a screwdriver tightens
screws
Needle-nose plier – used to
hold small parts and also
used for bending and
stretching the lead of
electronics component or
connecting wires
Wire cutter – used to cut
wires

Tweezers – used to
manipulate small parts or
hold small sensitive parts of
computer
Part retriever – used to
retrieve parts from location
that are too small for your
hand to fit
Flashlight – used to light up
areas that you cannot see
clearly
Side cutter plier – used for
cutting or trimming of
connecting wires or terminal
leads in the circuit board

Crimping Tool- a tool made

of metal with plastic-rubber
handle, to press into small
folds, to frill, to corrugate
Magnifying glass- a device
made in glass with handle,
to exaggerate or to increase
the apparent size of an
object

Wire stripper – used to cut

and strip wires
 Soldering Pencil – a tool
used to join two or more
metal conductors with the
support of soldering lead
melted around it.
Desoldering Tool – a tool
used to unsoldered
unwanted parts or
component in the circuit
with the support of
soldering pencil
Proper Use of Hand Tools

 Use the proper type and size of screwdriver by matching it to the screw. Phillips, Flat Head and
Hex are the most common types.
 Do not over tighten screws because the threads may become stripped.
Caution: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something may be
wrong.
Caution: Magnetized tools should not be used around electronic devices.
Caution: Pencils should not be used inside the computer because the pencil lead can act as a
conductor and may damage the computer components.

Pliers:
 Do not increase the handle length of pliers to gain more leverage. Use a larger pair of pliers or
bolt cutters.
 Do not substitute pliers for a wrench when turning bolts and nuts. Pliers cannot grip these
items properly and will slip.
 Never use pliers as a hammer on the handle. Such abuse is likely to result in cracks or breaks.
 Cut hardened wire only with pliers designed for that purpose.
 Always cut a right angle. Never rock from side to side or bend wire back and forth against the
cutting edges.

Screwdrivers:
 Never use screwdrivers as a pry bar, chisel, and punch stirrer or scraper.
 Always use screwdriver tip that properly fits the slot of the screw.
 Throw away screwdrivers with broken or worn handles.
 Use magnetic or screw-holding screwdrivers to start fasteners in tight areas.
 Never use pliers on a screwdriver for extra leverage. Only use wrench or screwdrivers
specifically designed to accept them.

2 MOST COMMON HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF HANDTOOLS

1. Misuse of tools  occurs when a hand tool is used for something other than its intended purpose.
(An example would be using screwdriver as a chisel. This may cause the tip to break and strike
someone).
2. Improper maintenance of tools  allows hand tools to deteriorate into an unsafe condition.
(Example would include cracked wooden handles that allow the tool head to fly off or mushroomed
heads that can shatter upon impact.

3. Cleaning Tools

- are tools used in maintaining and caring a computer.

Cleaning your computer components and peripherals helps keep everything in good working condition
and helps prevent germs from spreading.

Examples of Cleaning Tools:

Paint Brush- a device made of

bristles set in handle, use for
cleaning sensitive parts of a
computer
Lint free cloth – used to clean
different computer components
without scratching or leaving debris

Compressed air – used to blow away

dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the
components

Cable ties - used to bundle cables

neatly inside and outside of a
computer

Parts organizer – used to hold screw,

jumpers, fasteners and other small
parts to prevent them from getting
mixed together

Portable vacuum cleaner – used for

sucking dirt, dust, hair, cigarette
particles and other particles out of a
computer. However, do not use a
vacuum that plugs into the wall since
it can create lots of static electricity
that can damage your computer.

Cotton Swabs - moistened with

alcohol or water, are excellent tools
 for wiping hard to reach areas in
keyboard, mouse and other
locations.
isopropyl alcohol – used to moisten
a cloth. Other solvents may be bad
for the plastics used with computer.

Water – used to moistened cotton

cloth, lint free cloth and cotton
swabs

Swiffer Duster - used to wipe dust.

Cotton cloth - is the best tool used

when rubbing down computer
components. Paper towels can be
used with most hardware, but it is
recommended to use cloth whenever
possible. However, only used a cloth
when cleaning components such as
the case, a drive, mouse and
keyboard. You should not use cloth
to clean any circuitry such as the
RAM and motherboard.

Tool bag or Tool Kit or Tool Box –

used to store our tools
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

To clean computers and accessories:

 Use mild cleaning solution and lint-free cloth to clean computer cases, outside of monitor, LCD
screen, CRT screen, and mouse.
 Use compressed air to clean heat sinks.
 Use Isopropyl alcohol and lint-free swabs to clean RAM.
 Use hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush attachment to clean a keyboard.
CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power
source.

4. Diagnostic Tools
- are used to find the root cause of a computer error or dysfunctions

Diagnosing a computer is a process of determining the state of or capability of a component to

perform its function(s).

Examples of Diagnostic Tools

 Multimeter – used to test the
integrity of circuits and the
quality of electricity in computer
components. It can be analog or
digital.

Loopback adapter – used to test

the functionality of computer
ports.

LAN/Cable tester - used to test

the network connection.

Digital thermometer - used to

test the temperature inside the
system unit.
Intermittent failures and lockups
can be due to overheating.

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

Case cleaning

Why? Keeps the appearance of the computer looking new. While cleaning, if you see ventilation slots,
these can be cleaned or cleared to help keep a steady airflow into the computer and keep all
components cool.

Procedure:

The plastic case that houses the PC components can be cleaned with a slightly damp lint-free
cloth.
For stubborn stains, add a little household detergent to the cloth. You should not use a solvent
cleaner on plastics.
Make sure all vents and air holes are hair and lint free by rubbing a cloth over the holes and
vents.
It is also helpful to take a vacuum around each of the hole, vents, and crevices on the computer.
It is safe to use a standard vacuum when cleaning the outside vents of a computer.

CD-ROM, DVD, and other disc drive cleaning

Why? A dirty CD-ROM drive or other disc drives can cause read errors when reading discs. These
read errors could cause software installation issues or issues while running the program.
Procedure:

To clean the CD-ROM drive we recommend purchasing a CD-ROM

cleaner from your local retailer such as a local Radio Shack or other computer retailer. Using a
CD-ROM cleaner should sufficiently clean the CD-ROM laser from dust, dirt, and hair.
In addition to cleaning the drive with a special disc designed to clean drives, you can also use a
cloth dampened with water to clean the tray that ejects from the drive.
However, make sure that after the tray is cleaned that it completely dry before putting the tray
back into the drive.

CD and DVD disc cleaning

Why? Dirty CDs can cause read errors or cause CDs to not work at all.

Procedure:

Use a cleaning kit or damp clean cotton cloth to clean CDs, DVDs, and other discs.
When cleaning a disc wipe against the tracks, starting from the middle of the CD or DVD and
wiping towards the outer side.
Never wipe with the tracks; doing so may put more scratches on the disc.

Tip: If the substance on a CD cannot be removed using water, pure alcohol can also be used.

Headphones cleaning

Why? Headphones used by many different people may need to be frequently cleaned to help prevent
the spreading of germs and head lice.

Procedure:

If the headphones being used are plastic or vinyl, moisten a cloth with warm water and rub the
head and earpieces of the headphones.
If the headphones are being used for a library or school do not use any disinfectant or cleaning
solvent since some people can have allergic reactions to the chemicals they contain.
Headphones that have cushions also have the availability of having the cushions replaced.
Replacing these cushions can also help keep the headphones clean.
Finally, in regards to headphones spreading head lice. If many different students use the same
headphones, consider having the students using their own headphones, placing bags over the
headphones, or using headphones that can be wiped with warm water after each use.

Keyboard cleaning

Dust, dirt, and bacteria

The computer keyboard is usually the most germ infected items in your home or office, it may even
contain more bacteria than your toilet seat. Cleaning it helps remove any dangerous bacteria and keeps
the keyboard working properly.

Procedure:

Before cleaning the keyboard first turn off the computer or if you are using a USB keyboard
unplug it. Not unplugging the keyboard can cause other computer problems as you may press
keys that cause the computer to perform a task you do not want it to do.
Many people clean the keyboard by turning it upside down and shaking.
A more efficient method is to use compressed air. Compressed air is pressurized air contained
in a can with a very long nozzle. aim the air between the keys and blow away all of the dust and
debris that has gathered there.
A vacuum cleaner can also be used, but make sure the keyboard does not have loose "pop off"
keys can be sucked up by the vacuum.
If you want to clean the keyboard more extensively remove the keys from the keyboard.
After the dust, dirt, and hair has been removed. Spray a disinfectant onto a cloth or use
disinfectant cloths and rub each of the keys on the keyboard. As mentioned in our general
cleaning tips, never spray any liquid onto the keyboard.

Substance spilt into the keyboard

If the keyboard has anything spilt into it (e.g. pop, cola, Pepsi, Coke, beer, wine, coffee, and milk), not
taking the proper steps can destroy the keyboard.

Procedure:

If anything is spilt onto the keyboard turn the computer off immediately or at the very least
disconnect the keyboard from the computer.
Once done flip the keyboard over to prevent the substance from penetrating circuits.
While the keyboard is upside down, shake the keyboard over a surface that can be cleaned later.
While still upside down, use a cloth to start cleaning the keys. After cleaned leave the keyboard
upside down for at least one night allowing it to dry.
Once dry, continue cleaning the keyboard with any remaining substance.
If after cleaning the keyboard you have keys that stick remove the keys and clean below the
keys and the bottom portion of the key.
Finally, if the keyboard still works but remains dirty or sticky before discarding the keyboard as
a last resort try washing the keyboard in the dishwasher.
If after doing all the above steps the keyboard still does not work we recommend buying a new
keyboard.

LCD cleaning

Why? Dirt, dust, and fingerprints can cause the computer screen to be difficult to read.

Procedure:
 Unlike a computer monitor, the LCD or flat-panel display is not glass and requires special
cleaning procedures.
When cleaning the LCD screen it is important to remember to not spray any liquids onto the
LCD directly, press gently while cleaning, and do not use a paper towel since it scratches the
LCD.
To clean the LCD screen use a non-rugged microfiber cloth, soft cotton cloth, or Swiffer duster.
If a dry cloth does not completely clean the screen, you can apply rubbing alcohol to the cloth
and wipe the screen with a damp cloth.

Monitor cleaning

Why? Dirt, dust, and fingerprints can cause the computer screen to be difficult to read.

Procedure:

A glass monitor screen can be cleaned with ordinary household glass cleaner.
Be sure to remove power from the monitor and spray the cleaner onto a lint free-cloth so the
fluid does not leak into the electrical components inside the monitor.
Vacuum off any dust that has settled on top of the monitor, and make sure no books or papers
are covering the air vents. Obstructed monitor vents can cause the monitor to overheat or even
catch on fire.

Caution: We suggest only using a cloth dampened with water when cleaning non-glass monitors or any
anti-glare screens. Using ordinary household glass cleaner on special screens, especially cleaners with
ammonia can remove anti-glare protection or other special surfaces.

Other good cleaning solutions

 Microfiber Towels
 Swiffer Dusters

Motherboard cleaning

Why? Dust and especially particles of cigarette smoke can build up and corrode circuitry causing
various problems such as computer lockups

Caution: When inside the computer take the necessary ESD precautions and try to avoid unplugging
any cables or other connections.

Procedure:

Our recommendation when cleaning the motherboard from dust, dirt, or hair is to use
compressed air.
When using compressed air, hold it in the up-right position to prevent any of the chemicals
from coming out of the container, which may damage or corrode the Motherboard or other
components.
Also, ensure when using compressed air that you always blow the dust or dirt away from the
motherboard, or out of the case.
Another good alternative to compressed air is to use a portable battery powered vacuum that
can effectively remove the dust, dirt, and hair from the motherboard completely and prevent it
from getting trapped within the case.
However, do not use a standard electricity powered vacuum as it can cause lots of static
electricity that can damage the computer. When using a vacuum keep it a couple inches away
 from the motherboard and all other components to prevent damage and anything from being
sucked into the vacuum (e.g. jumpers or small cables).
Tip: When cleaning the inside of the case also look at any fans or heat sinks. Dust, dirt, and hair
collects around these components the most

Mouse cleaning

 Optical mice require no internal cleaning because there aren't any

rotating parts; however, they can get sticky over time as dust collects
near the light emitter. This can cause erratic cursor movement or
prevent the mouse from working properly.

Before you clean your mouse, check the owner's manual to see if the manufacturer has provided you
with instructions for your specific mouse. If so, follow those instructions. If not, the following steps are
basic cleaning tips that will help keep your mouse clean.

1. Unplug the mouse from the USB or PS/2 port. If the mouse is plugged into the PS/2 port, you
will need to shut down the computer before unplugging it.
2. Moisten a cotton cloth with isopropyl alcohol, and use it to clean the top and bottom of the
mouse.
3. If you have a mechanical mouse, remove the tracking ball by turning the ball-cover ring
counterclockwise. Then clean the tracking ball and the inside of the mouse with a cotton cloth
moistened with isopropyl alcohol.
4. Let all of the parts dry before reassembling and reconnecting the mouse. If you are connecting
it to a PS/2 port, you will need to connect it before turning on the computer.

Printer cleaning

Why? Cleaning the outside of a printer can help keep the printer's appearance looking good and if used
by many different people keep the printer clean of germs.

Procedure:

First, make sure to turn off the printer before cleaning it.
Dampen a cloth with water or isopropyl alcohol and wipe the case and each of the buttons or
knobs on the printer.
As mentioned earlier, never spray any liquid directly onto the printer.

Why? Some printers require the inside to be cleaned to help keep the printer running smoothly.

Scanner cleaning

Why? Flatbed scanners commonly become dirty with dust, fingerprints, and hair. When the scanner is
dirty, the images may have distortions.

Procedure:

Clean a flatbed scanner's surface by spraying a window cleaner

onto a paper towel or cotton cloth and wipe the glass until
clean.
As mentioned earlier, never spray a liquid directly onto the component.
 The same towel or cotton cloth can also be used to clean the outside of the scanner.
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures - is a planned system of working to prevent
illness and injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety
procedures is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

 Is used to protect ourselves from any hazard.

Goggles – A large
spectacles, with shields
around the rims, for
protecting the eyes from
dust, excessive light, wind,
etc
Shoes w/ Rubber Sole – A
special type of shoes used to
prevent electrical shock and
for waterproofing and
insulating purposes.
Apron/Laboratory Gown –
A garment worn over the
front of the body as a
protection for one’s cloth
Dust Mask- A covering for
the face to prevent the
inhaling or absorbing dust
and other chemicals
Gloves - The covering
material with a separate
sheath for each finger used
for hand protection

Hazards  a situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people
and equipment. The situation could involve a task, chemical or equipment used.
 is anything that could hurt you or someone else.
 means danger

Common Hazards Encountered by Computer Technician

1. Physical Hazards - are conditions or situations that can cause the body physical harm or intense
stress. Physical hazards can be both natural and human made elements.
Example: slippery floor

2. Mechanical Hazards - refer to moving machinery that can cause injury or death.
Examples: hot components or sharp edges of computer device
3. Chemical Hazards - are substances that can cause harm or damage to the body, property or the
environment. Chemical hazards can be both natural or human made origin.
Examples: ink of printer, toner
4. Electric Shock Hazard - is the physiological reaction or injury caused by electric current passing
through the (human) body. Typically, the expression is used to describe an injurious exposure to
electricity. It occurs upon contact of a (human) body part with any source of electricity that causes a
sufficient current through the skin, muscles, or hair.
Examples: frayed cords, broken wire
5. Radiation hazards - are those that harm or damage the human body by directly affecting cells.
Examples: too much heat from the sun, computer radiation,
6. Ergonomics Hazard – these are the problems that we encountered in our workplace that cause health
problems such as stress, eye strain and injuries.
Example: too much used of computer

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

T. V. E. I
( COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING )
2018 - 2019

ROSEMARIE S.
SABILLON
Republic of the Philippines
Grade 7 – CAULERPA
Department of Education
KATHERINE M.
ZUMARAGA
COMPUTER TEACHER
 T. V. E. I
( COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING )
2018 - 2019

NICOLE RABUTAN
Grade 7 – CAULERPA

KATHERINE M.
ZUMARAGA
COMPUTER TEACHER