Water Rec
Water Rec
Water Rec
TINGKAT DI ATAS LOT PTD 7228 H.S.(D) 8134 (BIL. 1), JALAN ROTAN
AKAR, TAMAN SRI JAYA, MUKIM SIMPANG KANAN, DAERAH BATU
PAHAT, JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM, MALAYSIA.
1.0 Introduction
The water reticulation system shall be defined as mains less than 250mm diameter.
Design of mains 250mm diameter and greater shall be subjected to the specific
criteria nominated by Local Government. All mains less tham 250mm diameter
shall be designed in accordance with this guideline. The design of reticulation and
pumping stations shall comply with the Department of Natural Resources
Guidelines for the Planning and Design of Urban Water Supply Schemes unless
specified otherwise . A main will only be classified a Trunk main if Deemed by
the Local Government agency (Local Government Act 1993, Part 1, Division 5
Clause 34).
There are different demand of water based on the type and purpose of buildings.
The daily demand varies slightly due to the weather and festive seasons. In most
states in Malaysia, daily water demand increases slightly in the months of January
and February. During festive seasons, experience (Malaysian Water Association,
1994) has shown that in some urban areas, there is a change in demand due to
shutting down of factories while there is an increase in demand in rural areas and
smaller urban centres due to people leaving the big urban centres for their home
towns or villages.
Design requirement:
It is to be noted that Dual Reticulation Potable water mains are different sizes and
materials to the Traditional Potable water reticulation mains. To assist in the
determination and assessment of properties that are served or to be served by Dual
Reticulation, a set of maps showing the future Dual Reticulation areas have been
included on the following pages. These maps shall be used with Overlay Map
OM25 – Future Water Innovation.
Network analysis:
Prior to proceeding with the detailed design of reticulation mains, the Consultant
shall liaise with Council to ascertain whether a network analysis (to determine the
optimum size of the internal mains) is required by Council as part of the design
submission for the development. Trunk water system mains detailed design shall
include a network analysis as a part of the design submission to Syarikat Air Johor
(SAJ). The parameters of the network analysis shall be defined following
discussions with Council. Where a network analysis is to be provided, the analysis
shall be completed by the Consultant following discussions with Council and shall
be based on the following specific criteria.
Flow parameter:
Designs need to include sizing criteria that account for water uses during the
highest demand periods . The design information should be sufficient to estimate
peak hourly demand (PHD) and the maximum day demand (MDD) over the year.
There is no substitute for reliable and accurate meter records for estimating future
demands . When reliable water demand information is available for a given water
system, the engineer must use it for the water system design (WAC 246-290-221)
Non residential water demand is the water use associated with users other than
residential (single or multifamily) users, and can include:
Commercial facilities, including retail/wholesale businesses, restaurants,
hotels, office buildings, and car washes;
Industrial customers that require process water;
Public facilities, such as schools, public hospitals, governmental offices,
parks, landscaped roads, and cemeteries;
Other large users, such as farms with irrigated crops; and
Recreational users, including campgrounds, RV parks, seasonal rental
units, etc.
For planning purposes, the following water demand (Table 2.1) has been provided
by the State Water Authorities on Malaysia.
For our project, which was school building, thus from the table it use 1000 litre
per day.
Pressure parameter:
Daily service meter records can provide an accurate estimate of MDD for a water
system if all services are metered, the meters are read daily at the same time each
day and distribution system leakage is added to the total volume computed from
the daily service meter records. This approach is impractical for most water
systems because they usually read service meters on a monthly, bi-monthly or
quarterly basis.
Daily source meter records can also provide an accurate estimate of MDD for
the water system. However, even daily meter readings can result inaccurate MDD
estimates if the water system operates sources intermittently, does not collect meter
readings at the same time every day or does not include changes in storage volume
over time.
Proposed water supply system in this development is the water supply of existing
pipelines will be supplied directly to the commercial building through gravity
system. Water supply pipe is connected to the existing 300 mm diameter pipe Mild
Steel Cement Lined (MSCL). The water pressure for the design of the existing pipe
is 46.50 m. The proposed water reticulation pipes are sized 200 mm diameter pipe
MSCL. Diameter for internal water supply is 50 mm.
For water main pipe size less than 600mm, ductile iron is normally used
because internal welding for steel pipes below 600mm is difficult to be carried out.
Moreover, it requires only simple jointing details which allows for a faster rate of
construction. For water main pipe size above 600mm, steel pipes are recommended
because steel pipes are lighter than ductile iron pipes for the same material strength
and therefore the cost of steel pipes
is normally less than that of ductile iron pipes. In addition, in areas of difficult
access the use of lighter mild steel pipes has an advantage over ductile iron pipes
for easy handling.
Technical Guideline of Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN)
100 m2 = 1000 L/d
1000m2 = 10000 L/d
Water Demand
Total Demand
No. Type of building Occupants
(litre/day/student
(litre/day)
)
= 5500 gallon/day
= 250 m3/day
= 17.36 litre/minute
Large buildings,
shopping complexes,
high rise buildings,
large industrial estate, 4100 90 3@ 1370 1/min
warehouse and ports.
Class B Risk
Congested areas with 2700 90 2 @ 1370 1/min
buildings up to 5
storeys.
Class C Risk
Shophouse up to 3 1370 90 1
storey, light industry
Class D Risk
1140 120-terrace 1
Residential terrace 150-detached /
house, detached, semi semi detached
detached
Others
The total water demand = Water demand in commercial building + Fire flow
requirement
= 25,000 l/day + 23l/s x 60s/min x 60 min/day
= 107800 l/day
Area = πr2
= π (0.1)2 = 0.0314 m2
= 0.2894 l/s
litre 0.001 m3
Q = 0.2894 ×
second 1 litre
Q 2.894 ×10−4 m3 /s
V= =
A 0.0314m2
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗m/s
The coefficient of surface resistance also depends on the Reynolds number R of the
flow, defined as
4𝑄
R=
𝜋𝑣𝐷
v = kinematic viscosity
Assume, T = 20º
−1
𝑇 1.165
v = 1.792 x 10-6 [1 + (25) ]
−1
20 1.165
= 1.792 x 10-6 [1 + (25) ]
4(2.894𝑋10−4 )
Therefore, R = 𝜋(1.0118 x 10−6 )(0.2)
= 1821
For laminar flow, f depends on R only and is given by the Hagen Poiseuille equation
64
f = 𝑅
64
= 1821
= 0.035
PIPE 1:
Length: 23.68 m
8𝑓𝐿𝑄 2
Friction loss: hf =
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷5
8(0.035)(23.68)(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
=
𝜋2 (9.81)(0.20)5
= 1.792 x 10-5m
8𝑄 2
Minor loss: hm = kf
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷4
8(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
= 1.8 2
𝜋 (9.81)(0.20)4
= 7.785 x 10-6 m
Head loss,hL = hf + hm
= 1.792 x 10-5 + 7.785 x 10-6
= 2.571 x 10-5 m
PIPE 2:
Length: 47.03 m
8𝑓𝐿𝑄 2
Friction loss: hf =
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷5
8(0.035)(47.03)(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
=
𝜋2 (9.81)(0.20)5
= 3.560 x 10-5 m
8𝑄 2
Minor loss: hm = kf
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷4
8(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
= 1.8 2
𝜋 (9.81)(0.20)4
= 7.785 x 10-6 m
Head loss,hL = hf + hm
= 3.560 x 10-5 + 7.785 x 10-6
= 4.339 x 10-5m
PIPE 3:
Length: 46.37 m
8𝑓𝐿𝑄 2
Friction loss: hf =
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷5
8(0.035)(46.37)(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
=
𝜋2 (9.81)(0.20)5
= 3.510 x 10-5 m
8𝑄 2
Minor loss: hm = kf
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷4
8(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
= 1.8 2
𝜋 (9.81)(0.20)4
= 7.785 x 10-6 m
Head loss,hL = hf + hm
= 3.510 x 10-5 + 7.785 x 10-6
= 4.289 x 10-5m
PIPE 4:
Length: 14.81 m
8𝑓𝐿𝑄 2
Friction loss: hf =
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷5
8(0.035)(14.81)(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
=
𝜋2 (9.81)(0.20)5
= 1.121 x 10-5 m
8𝑄 2
Minor loss: hm = kf
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷4
8(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
= 1.8 2
𝜋 (9.81)(0.20)4
= 7.785 x 10-6 m
Head loss,hL = hf + hm
= 1.121 x 10-5 + 7.785 x 10-6
= 1.900 x 10-5m
PIPE 5:
Length: 33.82 m
8𝑓𝐿𝑄 2
Friction loss: hf =
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷5
8(0.035)(33.82)(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
=
𝜋2 (9.81)(0.20)5
= 2.560 x 10-5 m
8𝑄 2
Minor loss: hm = kf
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷4
8(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
= 1.8 2
𝜋 (9.81)(0.20)4
= 7.785 x 10-6 m
Head loss,hL = hf + hm
= 2.560 x 10-5 + 7.785 x 10-6
= 3.339 x 10-5m
PIPE 6:
Length: 26.57 m
8𝑓𝐿𝑄 2
Friction loss: hf =
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷5
8(0.035)(26.57)(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
=
𝜋2 (9.81)(0.20)5
= 2.011 x 10-5 m
8𝑄 2
Minor loss: hm = kf
𝜋2 𝑔𝐷4
8(2.894𝑥10−4 )2
= 1.8 2
𝜋 (9.81)(0.20)4
= 7.785 x 10-6 m
Head loss,hL = hf + hm
= 2.011 x 10-5 + 7.785 x 10-6
= 2.790 x 10-5
= 68.3 litre/s
= 68.3 litre/s ÷1000
= 0.068 m3/s
Diameter = 2.6 m
Height = 2 m
= 3.54 m3