SHM

IIT-JEE|AIEEE
CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS
Nurturing potential through education
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET
CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. Periodic, Oscillatory Motion ................................................................................ 3
2. Analysis of Motion in Linear SHM .................................................................... 3 – 4
3. Characteristics of SHM .................................................................................... 4 – 5
4. Equation of SHM .............................................................................................. 6 – 8
5. Graphical Representation ................................................................................ 8 – 10
6. SHM as a projection of uniform circular Motion .............................................. 11 – 15
7. Energy of SHM .............................................................................................. 15 – 17
8. Method to determine time period. .................................................................. 17 – 24
9. Combination of springs .................................................................................. 24 – 26
10. Angular SHM ................................................................................................ 27 – 32
11. Combination of two SHMs ............................................................................ 32 – 35

12. Exercise - 1 ................................................................................................. 36 – 41
13. Exercise - 2 ................................................................................................. 42 – 44
14. Exercise - 3 .................................................................................................. 45 - 47
15. Exercise - 4 ..................................................................................................... 48
16. Exercise - 5 ................................................................................................. 49 – 52
17. Answer key .................................................................................................. 53 – 54
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564 IIT-JEE|AIEEE
CBSE|SAT|NTSE
OLYMPIADS
IVRS No:0744-2439051,0744-2439052,0744-2439053,www.motioniitjee.com,info@motioniitjee.com Nurturing potential through education
Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

Page # 2 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
Many motions in this universe are periodic i.e., they repeat themselves at regular intervals.
Simple harmonic motion is one of the simplest periodic motion in which an object oscillates
between two spatial positions for an indefinite period of time with no loss of mechanical energy.
In this lesson we will learn about simple harmonic motion in detail. We will calculate
time period of simple harmonic motions in various cases. We will also discuss combination of
simple harmonic motions.
IIT - JEE Syllabus :
Linear and angular simple harmonic motions.
394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

IVRS No : 0744-2439051, 52, 53, www. motioniitjee.com, info@motioniitjee.com

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION Page # 3
1. PERIODIC MOTION :
When a body or a moving particle repeats its motion along a definite path after regular
intervals of time its motion is said to be Periodic Motion and interval of time is called time
period (T). The path of periodic motion may be linear, circular, elliptical or any other curve.
For example rotation of earth around the sun.
2. OSCILLATORY MOTION :
To and fro type of motion is called Oscillatory Motion. A particle has oscillatory motion when
it moves about stable equilibrium position. It need not be periodic and need not have fixed
extreme positions.
The oscillatory motions in which energy is conserved are also periodic.For example motion of
pendulum of a wall clock.
The force / torque (directed towards equillibrium point) acting in oscillatory motion is called
restoring force/torque Damped Oscillations are those in which energy consumed due to
some resistive forces and hence total mechanical energy decreases and after some time
oscillation will stop.
Oscillatory Equation : Consider a particle free to move on x-axis is being acted upon by a
force given by
F = – kxn
Above equation is called oscillatory equation. Here k is a positive constant and x is the
displacement from mean position
Now following cases are possible depending on the value of n.
(i) If n is an even interger (0, 2, 4......... etc)n force is always along negative x-axis whether x is
positive or negative Hence, the motion of the particle is not oscillatory. If the particle is
released from any position on the x-axis (except x = 0) a force in – ve direction of x-axis acts
on it and it moves rectilinearly along – ve x axis.
(ii) If n is an odd integer (1, 3, 5 ........... etc), force is along – ve x-axis for x > 0 and along +ve
x-axis for x < 0 and zero for x = 0. Thus the particle will oscillate about stable equillibrium
position x = 0. The force in this case is called the restoring force.
If n = 1 i.e., F = – kx the motion is said to be SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion)
If the restoring force / torque acting on the body in oscillatory motion is directly proportional
to the displacement of body / particle w.r.t. mean position and is always directed towards
equillibrium position then the motion is called Simple Harmonic motion. It is the simplest form
of oscillatory motion.
3. TYPES OF SHM :
(a) Linear SHM : When a particle moves to and fro about an equilibrium point, along a
straight line here A and B are extreme positions and M is mean position so AM = MB =
Amplitude.
M
A B
(b) Angular SHM : When body/particle is free to rotate about a given axis and executing
angular oscillations.
4. ANALYSIS OF MOTION IN LINEAR SHM :

When the particle is moved away from the mean position or equillibrium position and released,
a force (–kx) comes into play to pull it back towards mean position. By the time it gets at
mean position it has picked up some kinetic energy and so it overshoots, stopping some
where on the other side and it is again pulled back towards the mean position.
It is necessary to study the change in speed and acceleration of particle during SHM. Let us


consider a particle whose position is x = 0 at t = 0 and v = v0. Then we divide the motion of
particle in one time period in four parts.
extreme Mean Extreme
position Position position
v=v0
A B
v=0 v=0
C
Amplitude
x=0 t=0
x
(A) from A to B (B) from B to A (C) from A to C (D) from C to A
NOTE :In the figure shown, path of the particle is a straight line.
(1) Motion of a particle from A to B :
Initially the particle is at A (mean position) and is moving towards +ve x direction with speed
v0. As the particle is moving towards B, force acting on it towards A is increasing. Consequently
its acceleration towards A is increasing in magnitude while its speed decreases and finally it
comes to rest momentarily at B.
(2) Motion of a particle from B to A :

Now the particle starts moving towards A with initial speed v = 0. As the particle is moving
towards A, force is acting on it towards A and decreasing as it approaches A. Consequently
its acceleration towards A is decreasing in magnitude while its speed increases and finally it
comes to A with same speed v = v0.
(3) Motion of a particle from A to C :

The motion of a particle from A to C is qualitatively same as motion of a particle from A to B.
(4) Motion of a particle from C to A :

It is qualitatively same as motion of a particle from B to A.
Summary :
Motion from Velocity (Direction/Magnitude) Acceleration (Direction/
Magnitude)
AB V a
BA V a
AC V a
CA V a
5. CHARACTERISTICS OF SHM :
(1) Mean Position : It is the position where net force on the particle is zero.
(2) Extreme Point : Point where speed of the particle is zero.
(3) Displacement : It is defined as the distance of the particle from the mean position at that
instant.
(4) Amplitude : It is the maximum value of displacement of the particle from its mean position.


Extreme position – Mean position = Amplitude.

It depends upon the energy of the system.
(5) Frequency : The frequency of SHM is equal to the number of complete oscillations per unit
time.
1 
f  sec –1 or Hz.
T 2
(6) Time Period : Smallest time interval after which the oscillatory motion gets repeated is called
time period.
2
T=

Ex.1 Describe the motion of a particle acted upon by a force.

(A) F = 3x + 3 (B) F = – 3x – 3 (C) F = – 3x + 3 (D) F
= 3x – 3
Sol. (a) Given F = 3x + 3 ...(i)
We find the mean position at which net force on the particle is zero.
 3x + 3 = 0  x=–1
If we put x = 0 in eq. (i) then
M.P.
F = 3N (away from M.P.) ...(a)
x = –1
Now put x = –2 in eq. (i)
F=– 3N (away from M.P.) ...(b)
From (a) and (b) we conclude that particle doesn't perform S.H.M.
(b) Given F = – 3x – 3 ...(i)
at M.P. F = 0
 x = –1
Now put x = 0 in eq. (i)
 F = – 3N (towards M.P.)
If x = – 2 ; F = 3N (towards M.P.)
We conclude from the above calculation that in every case (whether the particle is left from
M.P. or right from M.P.) force acts towards M.P. so the particle performs S.H.M.
(c) Given F = – 3x + 3
when F=0
x = 1 (M.P.)
Now put x = 0
Then F = 3N (towards M.P.)
If x = 2 F=–3 (towards M.P.)
i.e. particle performs S.H.M.
(D) Given F = 3x – 3
Mean position at x = 1.
When x = 0 ; F = – 3N (away from M.P.)
x = 2 ; F = 3N (away from M.P.)
Particle doesn't perform S.H.M.


6. EQUATION OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION :
The necessary and sufficient condition for SHM is

F = – kx
we can write above equation in the following way:
ma = – kx
d2 x
m  –kx
dt 2
d2 x k
2
 x0 ...(1)
dt m
Equation (1) is Double Differential Equation of SHM.
d2 x
Now  2 x  0
dt 2
It's solution is x = A sin(t  )
k
where  = angular frequency =
m
x = displacement from mean position
k = SHM constant.
The equality (t + ) is called the phase angle or simply the phase of the SHM and  is the
initial phase i.e., the phase at t = 0 and depends on initial position and direction of velocity at
t = 0.
To understand the role of  in SHM, we take two particles performing SHM in the following
condition:
v0 A
x x
–A M.P. –A M.P. A
figure I figure II
Suppose we choose t = 0 at an instant when the particle is passing through its mean position
towards right (i.e.positive direction) as shown in figure Ist then
In figure I at t=0 x=0
i.e., x = A sin t
 The particle is at its mean position.
In figure II at t=0 x = A and the particle is moving towards the mean position.
i.e., x = A sin (t + /2)
Here /2 is the only phase possible.


Ex.2 A particle starts from mean position and moves towards positive extreme as shown
below. Find the equation of the SHM. Amplitude of SHM is A.
t=0
–A O A
Sol. General equation of SHM can be written as x = A sin (t + )
At t = 0, x = 0
 0 = A sin 
  = 0,    [0, 2)
Also; at t = 0, v = + ve
 A  cos  = + ve or, =0
Hence, if the particle is at mean position at t = 0 and is moving towards +ve extreme, then
the equation of SHM is given by x = A sin t.
Similarly
for particle moving towards –ve extreme then
t=0
–A +A
=
 equation of SHM is x = A sin (t + )
or, x = – A sin t
Ex.3 Write the equation of SHM for the situation shown below :
t=0
–A O A/2 A
Sol. General equation of SHM can be written as
x = A sin (t + )
At t = 0, x = A/2
A
 = A sin 
2
  = 30° , 150°
Also at t = 0, v = – ve
A cos  = – ve   = 150°
7. VELOCITY :
It is the rate of change of particle displacement with respect to time at that instant.
Let the displacement from mean position is given
by x = A sin (t + )
dx
velocity v  A cos(t  )
dt
v = A cos (t + )
v =  A 2 – x2
At mean position (x = 0), velocity is maximum.
Vmax =  A
At extreme position (x = A), velocity is minimum.
vmin = zero.


7.1 Graph of Velocity (v) V/S Displacement (x) : Velocity (v)

2 2 2 2
v   A 2 – x2 v   (A – x ) A
v2 x2
v 2   2 x 2  2 A 2  1
2 A 2 A2
Graph would be a half ellipse. A
–A x
8. ACCELERATION :
It is the rate of change of particle's velocity w.r.t. time at that instant.
dv d
Acceleration, a  = [ A cos( t  )]
dt dt
a = – 2A sin (t + )
a = – 2 x
Note : Negative sign shows that acceleration is always directed towards the mean position. At mean
position (x =0), acceleration is minimum.
amin = zero
At extreme position (x = A), acceleration is maximum.
|amax | = 2A
8.1 Graph of Acceleration (A) v/s Displacement (x):
a
2 A
A
x
a=–x 2 –A
– 2 A
9. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY & ACCELERATION IN SHM:
Displacement, x = A sin t

Velocity, v = A  cos t = A  sin ( t  )
2
or v   A 2 – x2
Acceleration, a = – 2A sin t = 2A sin (t + )
or a = – 2 x
Note :
• v   A 2 – x2
a = – 2x
These relations are true for any equation of x.

tim e , t 0 T/4 T/2 3T/4 T

displa ce m e nt, x 0 A 0 –A 0
Ve locity, v A 0 –A  0 A
a cce le ra tion, a 0 – 2 A 0 2 A 0
x T/4 T/2 3T/4 T 5T/4 3T/2
t
–A
v
A
t
–A
a
2 A
t
2
– A
1. All the three quantities displacement, velocity and acceleration vary harmonically
with time, having same period.
2. The maximum velocity is  times the amplitude (Vmax = A).
3. The acceleration is 2 times the displacement amplitude (amax = 2A).

4. In SHM, the velocity is ahead of displacement by a phase angle of .
2

5. In SHM, the acceleration is ahead of velocity by a phase angle of .
2
 –1 
Ex.4 The equation of particle executing simple harmonic motion is x  (5m)sin(s )t   .
 3
Write down the amplitude, time period and maximum speed. Also find the velocity at
t = 1 s.
Sol. Comparing with equation x = A sin (t + ), we see that the amplitude = 5m,
2 2
and time period = =  2s
  s –1
The maximum speed = A  = 5 m ×  s–1 = 5  m/s
dx
The veloity at time t  = A  cos (t + )
dt
At t = 1 s,
  5
v = (5 m) ( s–1) cos    = – m/s
 3 2


Ex.5 A particle executing simple harmonic motion has angular frequency 6.28 s–1 and
amplitude 10 cm. Find (a) the time period, (b) the maximum speed, (c) the maximum
acceleration, (d) the speed when the displacement is 6 cm from the mean position,
(e) the speed at t = 1/6 s assuming that the motion starts from rest at t = 0.
2 2
Sol. (a) Time period = = s = 1 s.
 6.28
(b) Maximum speed = A = (0.1m) (6.28 s–1)
(c) Maximum acceleration = A2
= (0.1m) (6.28 s–1)2
= 4 m/s2
(d) v   A 2 – x 2 = (6.28 s–1) (10cm)2 – (6cm)2 = 50.2 cm/s.

(e) At t = 0, the velocity is zero i.e., the particle is at an extreme. The equation for
displacement may be written as
x = A cos t.
The velocity is v = – A  sin t.
1  6.28 
At t  s, v = – (0.1 m) (6.28 s–1) sin 
6  6 

= (–0.628 m/s) sin
= – 54.4 cm/s. (towards mean position)
3
Note : If mean position is not at the origin, then we can replace x by x – x0 and the eqn.
becomes
x – x0 = – A sin t, where x0 is the position co-ordinate of the mean position.
Ex.6 A particle of mass 2 kg is moving on a straight line under the action force F = (8 – 2x)
N. It is released at rest from x = 6m.
(A) Is the particle moving simple harmonically?
(B) Find the equilibrium position of the particle.
(C) Write the equation of motion of the particle.
(D) Find the time period of SHM.
Sol. F = 8 – 2x
or F = –2(x – 4)
for equilibrium position F = 0
 x = 4m is equilibrium position.
Hence the motion of particle is SHM with force constant 2 and equilibrium position x =4.
(a) Yes, motion is SHM.

(b) Equilibrium position is x = 4m.
(c) At x = 6 m, particle at rest i.e. it is one of the extreme position. Hence amplitude is A = 2
m and initially particle at the extreme position.
 Equation of SHM can be written as
k 2
x – 4 = 2 cos t, where     1 (sec)–1
m 2
i.e. x = 4 + 2 cos t
(d) Time period, T  2  2 sec .




10. SHM AS A PROJECTION OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION.
Consider a particle Q, moving on a circle of radius )

A with constant angular velocity . The projection  t =0
of Q on a diameter BC is P. It is clear from the 0
(at t)
A Q t t=
figure that as Q moves around the circle the
 (a
projection P excecutes a simple harmonic motion t Q t
on the x-axis between B and C. The angle that B
O P0 Pt C
the radius OQ makes with the +ve vertical in
x(t)
clockwise direction in at t = 0 is equal to phase
constant ().
Let the radius OQ0 makes an angle t with the OQt
at time t. Then
x(t) = A sin (t + )
In the above discussion the foot of projection is –A (0,0) +A
x-axis so it is called horizontal phasor. Similarly M.P.
the foot of perpendicular on y axis will also
x(t)
executes SHM of amplitude A and angular
frequency  [y(t) = Acost]. This is called vertical
phasor. The phaser of the two SHM differ by /2.
Problem solving strategy in horizontal phasor:
(1) First assume circle of radius equal to amplitude of S.H.M.
(2) Assume a particle rotating in a circular path moving with constant  same as that of S.H.M in
clockwise direction.
(3) Angle made by the particle at t = 0 with the upper vertical is equal to phase constant.
(4) Horizontal component of velocity of particle gives you the velocity of particle performing
S.H.M. for example
0)
t=

(a
t t)
0 (at t=
Q Qt
 v(t)
t ( t  )
v  A
–A A
from figure
v(t) = A  cos (t + ) Q0
(5) Component of acceleration of particle in horizontal t  
a(t) Qt  
direction is equal to the acceleration of particle   – (t  )
t 2 
performing S.H.M. The acceleration of a particle 2 A
in uniform circular motion is only centripetal and
has a magnitude a = 2 A.
From figure
a(t) = – 2A sin (t + )


Ex.7 A particle starts from A/2 and moves towards positive extreme as shown below. Find
the equation of the SHM. Given amplitude of SHM is A. T
R
O t = 0
–A +A A v(t)
A/2
Sol. We will solve the above problem with the help of
horizontal phasor. O' A/2 Q
Step 1. Draw a perpendicular line in upward direction from
point P on the circle which cuts it at point R & S S
v(t)
Step 2. Horizontal compoment of v(t) at R gives
O P
the direction P to A while at S gives P to O. So at
–A (0,0) A/2 A
t = 0 particle is at R M.P.(at t=0)
Step 3. In  O' RQ T R
A/2
cos  =  60   = 30° A
A
So equation of the SHM 

is x = A sin (t + 30°) Q
O' A/2
– 3
Ex.8 A particle starts from point x  A and move towards negative extreme as shown
2
t=0
O
–A – 3 +A
A
2
(a) Find the equation of the SHM.
(b) Find the time taken by the particle to go directly from its initial position to negative
extreme.
(c) Find the time taken by the particle to reach at mean position.
Sol. Figure shows the solution of the problem with the help of phasor R
Horizontal component of velcoity at Q gives the
required direction of velocity at t = 0. 

3 / 2A 3  S ( 3 / 2) A O
In  OSQ cos      
A 2 6 
3  8 4 A
Now  –  
2 6 6 3
Q
So equation of SHM is
 4 
x  A sin t   –A – 3 / 2 A (0,0) A
 3 
(b) Now to reach the particle at left extreme point it will travel angle  along the circle. So
time taken.
  T
t   t sec
 6 12
  2
(c) To reach the particle at mean position it will travel an angle  =  
2 6 3
 T
So, time taken = = sec
 3


Ex.9 Two particles undergoes SHM along parallel lines with the same time period (T) and
equal amplitudes. At a particular instant, one particle is at its extreme position while
the other is at its mean position. They move in the same direction. They will cross
each other after a further time.
B O A
B’ O’ A’
(A) T/8 (B) 3T/8 (C) T/6 (D) 4T/3

Sol. This problem is easy to solve with the help of phasor diagram.
First we draw the initial position of both the particle on the phasor as shown in figure.
P

B' II I A' at t = 0
–A A
From above figure phase difference between both the particles is /2.
They will cross each other when their projection from the circle on the horizontal diameter
meet at one point.
Let after time t both will reach at P'Q' point having phase difference /2 as shown in figure.
v(t)
Q'
A
45º P
45º 

v(t) A
Q
P'
B' I A' after t = t

R
–A II O +A
–A / 2
Both will meet at – A/ 2

When they meet angular displacement of P is
 = /2 + /4 = 3/4
So they will meet after time t  3 

4
3 3T
t T  sec
4  2 8


Ex.10 Two particles execute SHM of same amplitude of 20 cm with same period along the
same line about the same equilibrium position. If phase difference is /3 then find out
the maximum distance between these two.
Sol. Let us assume that one particle starts from mean position and another starts at a distance x
having  = /3. This condition is shown in figure.
P

Q
3
/
A/2 A/2
A 3 A
A /3
2 /6
Q P
–A x A A
40cm A
Fig ii
Fig(i)
Above figure shows the situation of maximum distance between them.
So maximum distance = A = 10 cm. (as 2A = 20 cm)
Ex.11 Two particles execute SHM of same time period but different amplitudes along the
same line. One starts from mean position having amplitude A and other starts from
extreme position having amplitude 2A. Find out the time when they both will meet?
Sol. We solve the above problem with the help of phasor diagram.
First we draw the initial position of both the particle on the phasor.
(t=0)
A 
A
B (t=0)
2A

–A O A
–2A O 2A
From figure phase difference between both the particle is /2.

They will meet each other when their projection from the circle on the horizontal diameter
meet at one point.


Now from figure:

EF = A cos  = 2A sin 
 A'(t)
1 
tan  = A E F
2 90  
 1
  tan 1   2A
2 B'(t)
So time taken by the particle to cross each other
angle travelled by A /2  P Q

t  t –A A
  –2A 2A
P' Q'
Ex.12 Two particles have time periods T and 5T/4. They start SHM at the same time from the
mean postion. After how many oscillations of the particle having smaller time period,
they will be again in the same phase ?
Sol. They will be again at m.p. and moving in same direction when the particle having smaller time
period makes n1 oscillations and the other one makes n2 oscillations.
5T
 n1T =  n2
4
n1 5

n 2 4  n1 = 5, n2 = 4
11. ENERGY OF SHM :

, 11.1 Kinetic Energy (KE):
1 1
K.E. = v2 = mA22 cos2( t + )
mv
2 2
1 k
= m 2 (A2 – x2)  2 =
2 m
1
 K.E = K( A 2 – x 2 )
2
1 2
K.Emax = KA (at x = 0)
2
1 1 2
K.Emin = 0 (at x = A) ; KE
kA2 = ; KE 0– A
 kA
4 0–T 3
Frequency of KE = 2 × (frequency of SHM)
11.2 Potential Energy (PE):
Simple harmonic motion is defined by the equation
F = – kx
The work done by the force F during a displacement from x to x + dx is
dW = Fdx = – kx dx
The work done in a displacement from x = 0 to x is
x
1
W  ( kx ) dx   kx 2
 2
0
kx
M.P. x
dx


Let U(x) be the potential energy of the system when the displacement is x. As the change in
potential energy corresponding to a conservative force is the negative of the work done by
that force.
1 2
U(x) – UM.P. = – W = kx
2
Let us choose the potential energy to be zero when the particle is at the mean position
oscillation x = 0.
1 2
Then UM.P. = 0 and U( x )  kx
2
 k = m2
1
 U( x )  m 2 x 2
2
1
U= m2 A 2 sin2 ( t  )
2
But x = A sin (t + )
Kinetic energy of the particle at any instant is
1 1 1
K mv 2  mA 2 2 cos 2 (t  )  m2 ( A 2  x 2 )
2 2 2
So the total mechanical energy at time ‘t’ is
1
E=U+K  E m 2 A 2
2
Note : Umin = UM.P. (which is not always = 0)
1 1
m2 A 2  kA 2  E
2 2
Energy
2
U = Umaxcos t
(i) 2
K = Kmaxsin t
O t
Potential, Kinetic and total energy plotted as function of time
Energy
22
E = 1/2m A = Constant
1
U( x)  m2 x 2
2
K(x)
(ii) U(x)
1
K( x )  m2 ( A 2  x 2 )
x=0 2
x= –A x=A x
Potential, Kinetic and total energy are plotted as a function of displacement from the mean
position.
Ex.13 A particle of mass 0.50 kg executes a simple harmonic motion under a force F = – (50
N/m)x. If it crosses the centre of oscillation with a speed of 10 m/s, find the amplitude
of the motion.


Sol. The kinetic energy of the particle when it is at the centre of oscillation is
1 1
E mv 2 = (0.50kg) (10 m / s)2 = 2.5 J.
2 2
The potential energy is zero here. At the maximum displacement x = A, the speed is zero and
1 2
hence the kinetic energy is zero. The potential energy here is kA . As there is no loss of
2
energy,
1 2
kA  2.5 J
2
The force on the particle is given by
F = – (50 N/m) x.
Thus the spring constant is k = 50 N/m.
Equation (i) gives
1 1
(50 N / m)A 2  2.5J or, A= m.
2 10
12. METHOD TO DETERMINE TIME PERIOD AND ANGULAR FREQUENCY IN SIMPLE HARMONIC
MOTION :
To understand the steps which are usually followed to find out the time period we will take
one example.
Ex.14 A mass m is attached to the free

end of a massless spring of spring
constant k with its other end fixed
to a rigid support as shown in
figure. Find out the time period of
the mass, if it is displaced slightly
by an amount x downward.
m
Sol. The following steps are usually followed in this method:
Step 1. Find the stable equillibrium position which is usually known as the mean position. Net force or
torque on the particle at this position is zero. Potential energy is minimum.
In our example initial position is the mean position.
n.
x0
Natural Length M.P.

x0
kx0 x k(x+x0)
m m
Mean Position
mg mg


Step 2. Write down the mean position force relation. In above figure at mean position
kx0 = mg ...(1)
Step 3. Now displace the particle from its mean position by a small displacement x (in linear SHM) or
angle  (in case of an angular SHM) as shown in figure.
Step 4. Write down the net force on the particle in the displaced position.
From the above figure.
Fnet = mg – k (x + x0) ...(2)
Step 5. Now try to reduce this net force equation in the form of F = – kx (in linear S.H.M.) or  = –
k (in angular SHM) using mean position force relation in step 2 or binomial theorem.
from eq. (2) Fnet = mg – kx – kx0
Using eq (i) in above equation
Fnet = – kx ...(3)
Equation (3) shows that the net force acting towards mean position and is proportional to x,
but in this S.H.M. constant KS.H.M. is replaced by spring constant k. So
m m
T  2  2
K S.H.M. k
Note : If we apply constant force on the string then time period T is always same T  2 m
K S.H.M.
k
k
m
m F0

 m 
In above both cases T =  2 k 

 
Ex.15 The string, the spring and the pulley shown in figure are light.
Find the time period of the mass m.
m
Sol. Let in equilibrium position of the block, extension in spring is x0. k
 kx0 = mg ...(1)
Natural length
x0
m Equilibrium position
k x
m
Now if we displace the block by x in the downward direction, net force on the block towards
mean position is
F = k (x + x0) – mg = kx using (1)
Hence the net force is acting towards mean position and is also proportional to x. So, the
particle will perform S.H.M. and its time period would be
m
T  2
k

Ex.16 Figure shows a system consisting of a massless pulley, a spring of force constant k
and ablock of mass m. If the block is slightly displaced vertically down from its
equillibrium position and then released, find the period of its vertical oscillation in
cases (a) & (b).
k
k
m
m
(a) (b)
Sol. Let us assume that in equillibrium condition spring is x0 elongate from its natural length
n.
kx 0 x kx 0
x0  x0
2
x/2
T0
T0
m
x T
Case (a) T
mg m
mg
When equillibrium When displaced block by 'x'

In equilibrium T0 = mg
and kx0 = 2T0
 kx0 = 2mg ...(1)
If the mass m moves down a distance x from its equilibrium position then pulley will move
x kx
down by . So the extra force in spring will be . From figure
2 2
k x
Fnet = mg – T = mg –  x0  
2 2
kx 0 kx
Fnet = mg – –
2 4
from eq. (1)
–kx
Fnet = ...(3)
4
Now compare eq. (3) with F = – KS.H.M x
K
then KS.H.M =
4
m 4m
 T  2 2
K S.H.M = K


Case (b) :
In this situation if the mass m moves down distance x from its equilibrium position, then pulley
will also move by x and so the spring will stretch by 2x.
T0 mg
At equilibrium kx0 = =
2 2
When block is displaced
Fnet = mg – T
= mg – 2k (x0 + 2x) x0 x0+2x
= – 4 kx
2x
Now F = – KSHM x then
T0
KSHM = 4 K
m
x T
m mg m
So time period T  2
4k
mg
Ex.17 The left block in figure collides inelastically with the right block and sticks to it. Find
the amplitude of the resulting simple harmonic motion.
v
m m k
Sol. The collision is for a small interval only, we can apply the principal of conservation of momentum.
2
v 1 v 1
The common velocity after the collision is . The kinetic energy  (2m)   mv2. This is
2 2 2
  4
also the total energy of vibration as the spring is unstretched at this moment. If the amplitude
1 2
is A, the total energy can also be written as kA . Thus,
2
1 2 1 m
kA  mv 2 , giving A  v
2 4 2k
Ex.18 The system is in equilibrium and at rest. Now mass m1 is removed from m2. Find the
time period and amplitude of resultant motion. (Given : spring constant is K.)
Sol. Initial extension in the spring
(m1  m2 )g
x
k
Now, if we remove m1. equillibrium position (E.P.)
m2 g
of m2 will be below natural length of spring. N.L m 2g
K
(m1  m2 )g K
At the initial position, since velocity is zero i.e. E.P
K m1g
it is the extreme position. m1 K
m1g m2 m2
Hence Amplitude =
K
m2
Time period = 2
K


Ex.19 Block of mass m2 is in equilibrium and at rest. The mass m1 moving with velocity u
vertically downwards collides with m2 and sticks to it. Find the energy of oscillation.
N.L.
Sol.
x0 m1 u
v
m2 m1 +m2
At equilibrium position m2g = kx0
m2g
 x0 =
K
After collision m2 sticks to m1.  By momentum conservation.
m1u = (m1 + m2) v
m1u
v = m m
1 2
Now both the blocks are executing S.H.M. which can be interpreted as follows:
N.L. v
m.p.
m2 g m1g
K K
Now, we know that v2 = 2(A2 – x2) ...(1)
k
2 = m  m
1 2
m1g
 x=
k
Put the values of v, 2 & x in eq. (1)
2 2
 m1u   k   2  m1g 
  =   A –   

 m1  m 2   m1  m 2   k  
 m 2 u 2
1
  m 1g  2 
 
 kA =  m  m
2
  k  
 
  1 2  
 m 2 u 2   m 2 g2 
1 2 1  1  1 
 Energy of oscillation = kA =   k 
2 2 m
 1  m 2   


Ex.20 A body of mass m falls from a height h on to the pan of a spring balance. The masses
of the pan and spring are negligible. The spring constant of the spring is k. Having
stuck to the pan the body starts performing harmonic oscillations in the vertical di-
rection. Find the amplitude and energy of oscillation.
Sol. Suppose by falling down through a height h, the mass m compresses the spring balance by a
length x.
mg k
x= ,=
k m
velocity at Q v = 2gh
 v =  A2  x2
2
k  mg  mg 2 kh
2gh  A2     A 1
m  k  k mg
2 2
1 2 1  mg   2kh   mgh  (mg)
Energy of oscillation  kA  k   1   2k
2 2  k   mg 
2m
Ex.21 A body of mass 2m is connected to another
body of mass m as shown in figure. The mass
2m performs vertical S.H.M. Then find out the
maximum amplitude of 2m such that mass m
doesn't lift up from the ground.
m
Sol. In the given situation 2m mass is in equilibrium condition.
Let assume spring is compressed x0 distance from its natural length.
 kx0 = 2mg
2mg
 x0  N.L.
k
The lower block will be lift up, only in the case x0
when the spring force on it will be greater than 2m M.P.
equal to mg and in upward direction kx0
mg
 kx' = mg  x' 
k
Above situation arises when 2m block moves
upward mg/k from natural length as shown in figure
kx0
A
2m m
x'=mg/k
N.L.
kx'
2mg
k
M.P.
kx'
m
Block m doesn't lift up if the maximum amplitude of the 2m block is

2mg mg 3mg
  
k k k


Ex.22 A block of mass m is at rest on the another m

block of same mass as shown in figure. Lower m
block is attached to the spring then determine
the maximum amplitude of motion so that
K
both the block will remain in
contact.
Sol.
N.L of spring
2mg
 x0
m k
m eq. position (M.P.)
Kx0
The blocks will remain in contact till the blocks do not go above the natural length of the
spring, because after this condition the deceleration of lower block becomes more then upper
block due to spring force. So they will get seprated.
2mg
So maximum possible amplitude = x0 =
k
12.1 Two Block Systems:
Ex.23 Two blocks of mass m1 and m2 are connected with a spring of natural length  and
spring constant k. The system is lying on a smooth horizontal surface. Initially spring
is compressed by x0 as shown in figure.
Show that the two blocks will perform SHM about their equilibrium position. Also (a)
find the time period, (b) find amplitude of each block and (c) length of spring as a
function of time.
  x0
k
m1 m2
Sol. (a) Here both the blocks will be in equilibrium at the same time when spring is in its natural
length. Let EP1 and EP2 be equilibrium positions of block A and B as shown in figure.
EP1 EP2

k
m1 m2
Let at any time during oscillations, blocks are at a distance of x1 and x2 from their equilibrium
positions.


EP1 EP2
x1 x2
k
m1 m2
As no external force is acting on the spring block system

 (m1 + m2)xcm = m1x1 – m2x2 = 0 or m1x1 = m2x2
For 1st particle, force equation can be written as
d2 x 1  m 
k(x1 + x2) = – m1 or, k  x 1  1 x 1   –m1a1
dt 2
 m2 
k(m1  m 2 ) k(m1  m 2 )
or, a1  – x1  2 
m1m 2 m1m 2
m1m 2  m1m 2
Hence, T = 2 k(m  m ) = 2 where   (m  m ) which is known as reduced mass
1 2 K 1 2
(b) Let the amplitude of blocks be A1 and A2.

m1A1 = m2A2
By energy conservation ;
1 1
k( A 1  A 2 ) 2  kx 20 or, A1 + A2 = x 0
2 2
m1
or, A1 + A2 = x 0 or, A1  A 1  x0
m2
m 2 x0 m1x 0
or, A1  Similarly, A2 = m  m
m1  m 2 1 2
(c) Let equilibrium position of 1st particle be origin, i.e., x = 0. EP1 EP2
x co-ordinate of particles can be written as 
x1 = A1 cost and x2 =  – A2cost
Hence, length of spring can be written as : m1 m2
length = x2 – x1
x=0
=  – (A1 + A2)cost
13. COMBINATION OF SPRINGS :
13.1 Series Combination :

Total displacement x = x1 + x2
k1 k2
Tension in both springs = k1x1 = k2x2
m
 Equivalent constant in series combination Keq is given by :
m
1/keq = 1/k1 + 1/k2  T  2
k eq
In series combination, tension is same in all the springs & extension will be different. (If k is
same then deformation is also same)


13.2 Parallel combination :
Extension is same for both springs but force acting will be different.
Force acting on the system = F
k1
 F = – (k1x + k2x)  F = – (k1 + k2) x  F = – keqx
k2 m
m
 keq = k1 + k2  T  2 k
eq
Ex.24 Find the time period of the oscilltion of mass m in figure a and b. What is the equivalent
spring constant of the spring in each case. ?
k1 k2 k1 k2
k3 m m
m
(a) (b)
Sol. In figure (a)
k 1k 2
k1 k2 k1  k 2

Which gives
k 1k 2
k1  k 2
k1k 2
+ k3
 k1  k 2
k3
k 1k 2 k 1k 2  k 2k 3  k 1k 3
keq = k  k  k 3 = k1  k 2
1 2
Now m m(k 1  k 2 )
T  2  2
k eq k 1k 2  k 2k 3  k 1k 3
Case (b)
If the block is displaced slightly by an amount x then both the spring are displaced by x from
their natural length so it is parallel combination of springs.
which gives
keq = k1 + k2
m m
T  2 2
k eq = k1  k 2


Note :
• In series combination, extension of springs will be reciprocal of its spring constant.
 k  1/
 k11 = k22 = k33
• If a spring is cut in 'n' equal pieces then spring constant of one piece will be nk.
Ex.25 The friction coefficient between the two blocks

shown in figure is  and the horizontal plane
is smooth. (a) If the system is slightly
m
displaced and released, find the time period. k
(b) Find the magnitude of the frictional force M
between the blocks when the displacement
from the mean position is x. (c) What can be
the maximum amplitude if the upper block
does not slip relative to the lower block?
Sol. (a) For small amplitude, the two blocks oscillate together.
The angular frequency is
k Mm
 and so the time period T  2
Mm k
(b) The acceleration of the blocks at displacement x from the mean position is
 – kx 
a  – 2 x   
Mm
 – mkx 
The resultant force on the upper block is, therefore, ma =  
 Mm 
This force is provided by the friction of the lower block. Hence, the magnitude of the
 mk | x | 
frictional force is  
 Mm 
(c) Maximum force of friction required for simple harmonic motion of the upper block is
mkA
at the extreme positions. But the maximum frictional force can only be  mg.
Mm
Hence
mkA (M  m)g

 mg or, A
Mm k
14. ENERGY METHOD :
Another method of finding time period of SHM is energy method. To understand this method
we will consider the following example.
Ex.26 Figure shows a system consisting of pulley

having radius R, a spring of force constant k
and a block of mass m. Find the period of its
vertical oscillation. K
m


Sol. The following steps are usually followed in this

method:
Step 1. Find the mean position. In following figure point A shows mean position.
Step 2. Write down the mean position force relation from figure.
T=mg
mg = kx0 T=kx0
Step 3. Assume that particle is performing SHM with
T
amplitude A. Then displace the particle from its T
mean position. x0 A
m M.P.
N.L.
Step 4. Find the total mechanical energy (E) in the
displaced position since, mechanical energy in SHM mg
dE
remains constant 0
dt
1 1 1
* E= mv 2  I2  k( x  x 0 )2 – mgx
2 2 2
1 1 v2 1
E= mv 2  I 2  k( x  x 0 )2 – mgx
2 2 R 2
dE 2mv dv 2Iv dv 2k( x  x 0 ) dx dx
   – mg ...(1)
dt 2 dt 2R 2 dt 2 dt dt
dx dv d 2 x
Put  v and  2
dt dt dt
in eq. (1) put
dE d2 x Iv d2 x
0  mv   kxv  kx0 v  mgv  0
dt dt 2 R2 dt 2 v

R
 I  d2 x
which gives  m  2  2  kx  0
 R  dt
d2 x k
 x0 x+x0
dt 2  I  G.P.E=0
m  2  ...(2)
 R  x
n.
m v
compare eq. (2) with S.H.M eq. the
k (m  I / R2 )
2   T  2
 I  k
m  2 
 R 
15. ANGULAR S.H.M. :

If the restoring torque acting on the body in oscillatory motion is directly proportional to the
angular displacement of body from its equillibrium position i.e.,
=–k
k = S.H.M. constant
 = angular displacement from M.P.
S.H.M. equation is given by
d2 K
 2   0 Here 
dt 2 I
Here I is moment of inertia of the body/particle about a given axis.

16. SIMPLE PENDULUM :
If a heavy point-mass is suspended by a weightless, inextensible and perfectly flexible string

from a rigid support, then this arrangement is called a simple penduluml.
Time period of a simple pendulum T  2  . O

g  
(some times we can take g = 2 for making calculation simple)

m n   mgcos
si mg
mg
Proof :
Now taking moment of forces acting on the bob about point O.
 = T + mg
T = 0
  = –(mg sin )
if  is very small then sin  ~– 

  = – mg   ...(1)
Now compare eq. (1) with
net = – KS.H.M 
which gives KS.H.M = mg 
I m 2 
 T  2 = 2 = 2 g
K S.H.M mg
Note :
• Time period of second pendulum is 2 seconds.
• Simple pendulum performs angular S.H.M. but due to small angular displacement, it is
considered as linear S.H.M.
• If time period of clock based upon simple pendulum increases then clock will become
slow but if time period decreases then clock will become fast.
17. TIME PERIOD OF SIMPLE PENDULUM IN ACCELERATING REFERENCE FRAME :

T  2
geff . where
 
geff = Effective acceleration due to gravity in reference system = | g – a |

a = acceleration of the point of suspension w.r.t. ground.
 
Condition for applying this formula : | g – a | = constant
 
If the acceleration a is upwards, then | g eff | g  a and T  2

ga
Time lost or gained in time t is given by
T
T'  .t
T


Ex.27 If T = 2 sec Tnew = 3 sec. then T = 1 sec.

Since time lost by clock in 3 sec is = 1 sec
1
then time lost by clock in 1 sec = sec
3
1
 Time lost by the clock in an hour =  3600 = 1200 sec.
3
Ex.28 A simple pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a car which is accelerating
uniformly on a horizontal road. The acceleration of car is a0 and the length of the
pendulum is 1. Then find the time period of small oscillations of pendulum about the
mean position.
Sol. We shall work in the car frame. As it is accelerated with respect to the road, we shall have to
apply a psuedo force ma0 on the bob of mass m.
For mean position, the acceleration of the bob with respect to the car should be zero. If 0 be
the angle made by the string with the vertical, the tension, weight and the peusdo force will
add to zero in this position.
Hence, resultant of mg and ma0 (say F = m g2  a 02 ) has to be along the string.
ma 0 a 0
 tan  0  
mg g
Now, suppose the string is further deflected by an angle  as

shown in figure.
Now, restoring torque about point O can be given by   I O
(F sin )  = – m   2 
 
0
Substituting F and using sin  = , for small . ma0

( m g2  a 02 )   = – m2  F mg
g2  a 20 g 2  a 02
or, –  so ; 2 
 
This is an equation of simple harmonic motion with time period.
2 
T = 2 2
 ( g  a 02 )1/ 4
18. COMPOUND PENDULUM / PHYSICAL PENDULUM :
s s
× ×
When a rigid body is suspended from an axis and


made to oscillate about that then it is called 
c
compound pendulum. c
C = Position of centre of mass mg sin 
S = Point of suspension
mg mg cos 
 = Distance between point of suspension and centre of mass


(it remains constant during motion for small angular displacement "" from mean position
The restoring torque is given by
 = – mg  sin 
 = – mg    for small , sin  = 
or, I = – mg   where, I = Moment of inertia about point of suspension.
mg  mg 
or, a= –  or, 2 
I I
I
Time period, T  2
mg 
Ex. 29 A ring is suspended at a point on its rim and it behaves as a second's pendulum when
it oscillates such that its centre move in its own plane. The radius of the ring would be
( g = 2)
Sol. Time period of second pendulum T = 2 cm.
×
I
T  2 R
Mgd
M
Moment of inertia with respect to axis O C.O.M
I = MR2 + MR2 = 2MR2
the distance between centre of mass and the axis O
d=R
2MR 2
2  2  R = 0.5 m
MgR
Ex.30 A circular disc has a tiny hole in it, at a distance z from its center. Its mass is M and
radius R(R > 2). Horizontal shaft is passed through the hole and held fixed so that the
disc can freely swing in the vertical plane. For small distrubance, the disc performs
SHM whose time period is minimum for z . Find the value of z.
I
Sol. The time period w.r.t the axis T  2 Mgd ×O
z
where I = moment of inertia w.r.t the axis O M
R C.O.M
d = distance between C.O.M and O
MR 2
 I=  Mz 2
2
d=z
MR 2
 Mz 2
2 R2 z
 T  2  2 
Mgz 2gz g
R2
the time period will be minimum when  z = minimum
2z
R2
Let say f  z
2z
df
f will be minimum when 0
dz


R2 R
 – 2
1 0  z 
2z 2
Ex.31 Find out the angular frequency of small oscillation about axis O
m l
k k
m l

(1) l
(2)
Sol. mg
k k
(k l ) (k l )
l
The compression in spring (1) = l 
and the extension in spring (2) = l 
l
Net torque opposite to the mean position = – (2 kl  ) l – mg sin  = net
2
 is small  sin   
l
net = – I 2  = – (2 kl  ) l – mg sin  = net
2
ml 2
I=
3
3 ( 4kl  mg )
 =
2 ml
19. TORSIONAL PENDULUM :
In torsional pendulum, an extended object is suspended at the centre by a light torsion wire.
A torsion wire is essentially inextensible, but is free to twist about its axis. When the lower
end of the wire is rotated by a slight amount, the wire applies a restoring torque causing the
body to oscillate rotationally when released.
The restoring torque produced is given by
A

C A C
X X
 = – C where, C = Torsional constant
or, I = – C where, I = Moment of inertia about the vertical axis.
C I
or, = –   Time Period, T  2
I C


: The above concept of torsional pendulum is used in inertia table to calculate the moment of
inertia of unknown body.
Ex.32 A uniform disc of radius 5.0 cm and mass 200 g is fixed at its centre to a metal wire,
the other end of which is fixed to a ceiling. The hanging disc is rotated about the wire
through an angle and is released. If the disc makes torsional oscillations with time
period 0.20 s, find the torsional constant of the wire.
Sol. The situation is shown in figure. The moment of inertia of the disc about the wire is
mr 2 (0.200kg)(5.0  10 –2 m)2
I  = 2.5 × 10–4 kg-m2.
2 2
The time period is given by
I 4 2I
T  2 or, C
C T2
4 2 ( 2.5  10 –4 kg  m 2 ) kg  m 2
= 2 = 0.25
(0.20 s) s2
20. VECTOR METHOD OF COMBINING TWO OR MORE SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTIONS:

A simple harmonic motion is produced when a force (called restoring force) proportional to
the displacement acts on a particle. If a particle is acted upon by two such forces the
resultant motion of the particle is a combination of two simple harmonic motions.
20.1 In Same direction :

(a) Having same Frequencies:
Suppose the two individual motions are represented by,
x1 = A1 sin t and x2 = A2 sin (t + )
Both the simple harmonic motions have same angular frequency .
x = x1 + x2 = A1 sin t + A2 sin (t + ) 
= A sin (t + ) A2 
A
Here, A  A 12  A 22  2A 1A 2 cos  A 2 sin

A 2 sin  
and tan  = A  A cos 
1 2
 A 2 cos 
A1
Thus, we can see that this is similar to the vector addition. The same method of vector
addition can be applied to the combination of more than two simple harmonic motions.
Important points to remember before solving the questions:

1. Convert all the trignometric ratios into sine form and ensure that t term is with +ve sign.
2. Make the sign between two term +ve.
3. A1 is the amplitude of that S.H.M whose phase is small.
4. Then resultant x = Anet sin (phase of A1 + )


Where Anet is the vector sum of A1 & A2 with angle between them is the phase difference
between two S.H.M.
Ex.33 x1 = 3 sin t ; x2 = 4 cos t

Find (i) amplitude of resultant SHM. (ii) equation of the resultant SHM.
Sol. First right all SHM's in terms of sine functions with positive amplitude. Keep "t" with positive
sign.
 x1 = 3 sin t
x2 = 4 sin (t + /2)

A  3 2  4 2  2  3  4 cos = 9  16 = 25 = 5
2

4 sin
2 4
tan   
 3
 = 53°
3  4 cos
2
equation x = 5 sin (t + 53°)
10
Ex.34 x1 = 5 sin (t + 30°) ; x2 = 10 cos (t)
Find amplitude of resultant SHM.
Sol. x1 = 5 sin (t + 30°) 60°
 5
x2 = 10 sin (t + ) Phasor Diagram
2
A  5 2  10 2  2  5  10 cos 60  = 25  100  50  175 = 5 7

Ex.35 A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic motions
x1 = A1 sin t
and x2 = A2 sin (t + /3)
Find (a) the displacment at t = 0, (b) the maximum speed of the particle and (c) the
maximum acceleration of the particle.
Sol. (a) At t = 0, x1 = A1 sin t = 0
A2 3
and x2 = A2 sin (t + /3) = A2 sin (/3) =
2
Thus, the resultant displacement at t = 0 is
3
x = x1 + x2 = A 2
2
(b) The resultant of the two motion is a simple harmonic motion of the same angular
frequency . The amplitude of the resultant motion is
A  A 12  A 22  2A 1A 2 cos(  / 3) = A 12  A 22  A 1A 2
The maximum speed is
umax = A  =  A 12  A 22  A 1A 2
(c) The maximum acceleration is
amax = A 2 = 2 A 12  A 22  A 1A 2
(b) Having different frequencies

x1 = A1 sin t


x2 = A2 sin 2t
then resultant displacement x = x1 + x2 = A1 sin 1t + A2 sin 2t This resultant motion is not
SHM.
20.2 In two perpendicular directions
x = A1 sin t ...(1)
y = A2 sin (t + ) ...(2)
The Amplitudes A1 and A2 may be different and Phase difference  and  is same.
So equation of the path may be obtained by eliminating t from (1) & (2)
x
sin  t = A ...(3)
1
x2
cos t = 1– 2 ...(4)
A1
On rearranging we get
x2 y2 2xy cos 
2
 2
  sin2  ...(5)
A 1 A2 A 1A 2
(general eq. of ellipse)

special case :
(1) If  = 0
x2 y2 2xy
 2
 2
 0
A 1 A2 A 1A 2
A2
 y = A .x (eq. of straight line)
1
(2) If  = 90° A2
x2 y2
 2
 1 (Eq. of ellipse) A1
A 1
A 22
(3) If  = 90° & A1 = A2 = A
then x2 + y2 = A2 (Eq. of circle.) A
The above figures are called Lissajous figures.


MIND MAP
1. Equation of S.H.M
(i) Linear : a = –2x
(ii) Angular :  = – 2
2. Linear SHM 3. Angular S.H.M

(i) Displacement of particle :
x = A sin (t + ) (i) Displacement :
(ii) Velocity  = 0 sin(t + )
dx
= A cos(t + ) (ii) Angular velocity
dt
d
=  A 2 – x2 = 0 cos(t + )
dt
(iii) Acceleration :
(iii) Acceleration
2
d x d2 
= – A2 sin(t + )   0  2 sin(t  )   2 
dt 2 dt 2
= – 2x (iv) Phase : t + 
(iv) Phase : t + 
(v) Phase constant :  (v) Phase constant : 
5. Time Period :
4. Energy in S.H.M Pendulums :
1 (a) Simple pendulum :
(i) K = m 2 ( A 2 – x 2 )
2 l
T  2
SHM g
1 (b) Physical pendulum :
(ii) U = m2x2
2 I
T  2
1 mg l
(iii) E = K + U = m2 A2 (c) Torsional pendulum :
2
= constant I
T  2
C
6. Mass-spring system Combination of springs : 7. Composition of 2 SHMs :

x1 = A1 sin t
(a) T  2 m 1 1 1
k (a) series :   x2 = A2 sin (t + )
K eff K 1 K 2
(b) Two bodies system : x = x1 + x2
(b) parallel : Keff = K1 + K2 x = A sin (t + )

T  2 ; (c) Spring cut into two
k where, A  A 12  A 22  2A 1A 2 cos 
parts m : n
m1 m 2 (m  n)K (m  n)K A 2 sin 
where   m  m K1  ,K 2  and tan  
1 2 m n A 1  A 2 cos 


Exercise - I (SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
LINEAR S.H.M 8. The maximum acceleration of a particle in SHM

1. For a particle executing simple harmonic motion, is made two times keeping the maximum speed to
the acceleration is proportional to. be constant. It is possible when
(A) displacement from the mean position (A) amplitude of oscillation is doubled while fre-
(B) distance from the mean position quency remains constant
(C) distance travelled since t = 0 (B) amplitude is doubled while frequency is halved
(D) speed (C) frequency is doubled while amplitude is halved
(D) frequency is doubled while amplitude remains
2. The distance moved by a particle in simple constant.
harmonic motion in one time period is
(A) A (B) 2A (C) 4A (D) zero 9. A small mass executes linear SHM about O
with amplitude a and period T. Its displacement
3. The time period of a particle in simple harmonic from O at time T/8 after passing through O is :
motion is equal to the time between consecutive (A) a/8 (B) a/2 2
appearance of the particle at a particular point in
(C) a/2 (D) a / 2
its motion. This point is
(A) the mean position
(B) an extreme position 10. The time period of a particle in simple harmonic
(C) between the mean position and the positive motion is equal to the smallest time between the

extreme. particle acquiring a particular velocity v . The
(D) between the mean position and the negative value of v is
extreme. (A) vmax (B) 0
(C) between 0 and vmax
4. Equations y = 2 A cos2t and y = A(sin t + (D) between 0 and –vmax
3 cost) represent the motion of two particles.
11. The average acceleration in one time period
(A) Only one of these is S.H.M
in a simple harmonic motion is
(B) Ratio of maximum speeds is 2 : 1
(A) A 2 (B) A 2/2
(C) Ratio of maximum speeds is 1 : 1
(D) Ratio of maximum accelerations is 1 : 4 (C) A 2/ 2 (D) zero
5. The displacement of a body executing SHM is 12. A mass m is performing linear simple harmonic
given by x = A sin(2t + /3). The first time from motion, then correct graph for acceleration a and
t = 0 when the velocity is maximum is corresponding linear velocity v is
(A) 0.33 sec (B) 0.16 sec
(C) 0.25 sec (D) 0.5 sec
v2 v2
6. A simple harmonic motion having an amplitude
(A) (B)
A and time period T is represented by the equa-
tion : a2 a2
y = 5 sin(t + 4) m
Then the values of A (in m) and T (in sec) are :
(A) A = 5; T = 2 (B) A = 10 ; T = 1 v2 v2
(C) A = 5 ; T = 1 (D) A = 10 ; T = 2
(C) (D)
7. Two particles are in SHM on same straight line a2 a2
with amplitude A and 2A and with same angular
frequency . It is observed that when first par- 13. The time taken by a particle performing SHM
ticle is at a distance A / 2 from origin and going to pass from point A to B where its velocities are
toward mean position, other particle is at ex- same is 2 seconds. After another 2 seconds it
treme position on other side of mean position. returns to B. The time period of oscillation is (in
Find phase difference between the two particles. seconds)
(A) 45° (B) 90° (A) 2 (B) 8
(C) 135° (D) 180° (C) 6 (D) 4

IVRS No : 0744-2439051, 52, 53, www.motioniitjee.com, info@motioniitjee.com

14. Two particles undergo SHM along parallel lines 19. Two particles are in SHM in a straight line
with the same time period (T) and equal ampli- about same equilibrium position. Amplitude A and
tudes. At a particular instant, one particle is at time period T of both the particles are equal. At
its extreme position while the other is at its mean time t = 0, one particle is at displacement y1 =
position. They move in the same direction. They +A and the other at y2 = – A/2, and they are
will cross each other after a further time approaching towards each other. After what time
B O A they cross each other ?
(A) T/3 (B) T/4
B’ O’ A’ (C) 5T/6 (D) T/6
(A) T/8 (B) 3T/8

20. Two particles execute SHM of same ampli-
(C) T/6 (D) 4T/3
tude of 20 cm with same period along the same
line about the same equilibrium position. The maxi-
15. A particle performing SHM is found at its equi-
librium at t = 1 sec. and it is found to have a mum distance between the two is 20 cm. Their
speed of 0.25 m/s at t = 2 sec. If the period of phase difference in radians is
oscillation is 6 sec. Calculate amplitude of oscil- 2 
lation (A) (B)
3 2
3 3
(A) m (B) m  
2 4 (C) (D)
3 4
6 3
(C) m (D)
 8 21. A particle of mass 1 kg is undergoing S.H.M.,
for which graph between force and displacement
16. A particle executes SHM with time period T (from mean position) as shown. Its time period,
and amplitude A. The maximum possible average in seconds, is. F(N)
T
velocity in time
4
is 13.5
1.5
2A 4A –1.5 xm
(A) (B)
T T –13.5
8A 4 2A
(C) (D)
T T
(A) /3 (B) 2/3
17. Time period of a particle executing SHM is 8 (C) /6 (D) 3/
sec. At t = 0 it is at the mean position. The ratio
of the distance covered by the particle in the 1 22. A point particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing
st second to the 2nd second is S.H.M of amplitude of 0.1 m. When the particle
passes through the mean position, its kinetic
1
energy is 8 × 10–3 J. The equation of motion of
(A)
2 1
(B) 2
this particle when the initial phase of oscillation
1 is 45° can be given by
(C)
2
(D) 2 +1    
(A) 0.1cos 4 t   (B) 0.1sin 4 t  
 4  4
18. The angular frequency of motion whose equa-
 
d2 y (C) 0.4 sin t    (D) 0.2 sin  2 t
tion is 4 + 9y = 0 is (y = displacement and t  4 2 
dt 2
= time)
23. A particle executes SHM of period 1.2 sec.
9 4 and amplitude 8 cm. Find the time it takes to
(A) (B)
4 9 travel 3 cm from the positive extremely of its
3 2 oscillation.
(C) (D) (A) 0.28 sec. (B) 0.32 sec.
2 3
(C) 0.17 sec. (D) 0.42 sec.

24. Two particles P and Q describe simple har- with the two spring in series is T, then
monic motions of same period, same amplitude, (A) T = t1 + t2 (B) T 2 = t12 + t22
along the same line about the same equilibrium 1 1 1
1 1 1
position O. When P and Q are on opposite sides (C) T  t  t 2
 
t12 t 22
(D)
of O at the same distance from O they have the 1 2 T
same speed of 1.2 m/s in the same direction,
when their displacements are the same they have 30. A particle moves along the x-axis according
the same speed of 1.6 m/s in opposite directions. to : x = A. [1 + sin t]. What distance does it
The maximum velocity in m/s of either particle is travel between t = 0 and t = 2.5/?
(A) 2.8 (B) 2.5 (A) 4A (B) 6A
(C) 2.4 (D) 2 (C) 5A (D) none
25. A particle performs SHM with a period T and Question No. 31 to 33 (3 questions)
amplitude a. The mean velocity of the particle The graph in figure show that a quantity y varies
over the time interval during which it travels a with displacement d in a system undergoing simple
distance a/2 from the extreme position is harmonic motion.
(A) a/T (B) 2a/T
(C) 3a/T (D) a/2T y y
26. A body performs simple harmonic oscillations

along the straight line ABCDE with C as the mid-
point of AE. Its kinetic energies at B (I) (II)
and D are each one fourth of its maximum value.
If AE = 2R, the distance between B and D is O d O d
A B C D E y y
3R R
(A) (B)
2 2
(C) 3 R (D) 2 R (III) (IV)
27. A toy car of mass m is having two similar O d O d

rubber ribbons attached to it as shown in the
Which graphs best represents the relationship
figure. The force constant of each rubber ribbon
obtained when y is
is k and surface is frictionless. The car is displaced
31. The total energy of the system
from mean position by x cm and released. At the
(A) I (B) II
mean position the ribbons are underformed.
(C) III (D) IV
Vibration period is
32. The time
(A) I (B) II
(C) III (D) IV
33. The unbalanced force acting on the system.

(A) I (B) II
m( 2k ) 1 m( 2k )
(A) 2  2 (B) (C) III (D) None
k 2 k2
34. A particle executes SHM on a straight line
m m path. The amplitude of oscillation is 2 cm. When
(C) 2 (D) 2
k k k the displacement of the particle from the mean
position is 1 cm, the numerical value of magni-
28. A spring mass system oscillates with a tude of acceleration is equal to the numerical
frequency . If it is taken in an elevator slowly value of magnitude of velocity. The frequency of
accelerating upward, the frequency will SHM (in second–1) is
(A) increase (B) decrease 2
(C) remain same (D) become zero (A) 2 3 (B)
3
29. A body at the end of a spring executes S.H.M.
with a period t1, while the corresponding period 3 1
(C) (D)
for another spring is t2. If the period of oscillation 2 2 3

35. The potential energy of a simple harmonic ticle at the time T/12 is : (T = time period)
oscillator of mass 2 kg in its mean position is 5 J. (A) 2 : 1 (B) 3 : 1
If its total energy is 9J and its amplitude is 0.01 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 1 : 4
m, its time period would be
  41. In the figure, the block of mass m, attached
(A) sec (B) sec to the spring of stiffness k is in contact with the
10 20
completely elastic wall, and the compression in
  the spring is ‘e’. The spring is compressed further
(C) sec (D) sec
50 100 by ‘e’ by displacing the blocktowards left and is
then released. If the collision between the block
36. Find the ratio of time periods of two identical and the wall is completely elastic then the time
springs if they are first joined in series & then in period of oscillations of the block will be :
parallel & a mass m is suspended from them
(A) 4 (B) 2 Wall
(C) 1 (D) 3
37. Two bodies P & Q of equal mass are sus-

pended from two separate massless springs of
force constants k1 & k2 respectively. If the maxi- m
mum velocity of them are equal during their mo-
tion, the ratio of amplitude of P to Q is :
k1 k2 2 m m
(A) k (B) (A) (B) 2
2 k1 3 k k
k2 k1  m  m
(C) (D)
(C) k (D) k2 3 k 6 k
1
42. A spring mass system performs S.H.M. If the

38. Vertical displacement of a plank with a body mass is doubled keeping amplitude same, then
of mass ‘m’ on it is varying according to law y = the total energy of S.H.M. will become :
sin t + 3 cos t. The minimum value of  for (A) double (B) half
which the mass just breaks off the plank and the (C) unchanged (D) 4 times
moment it occurs first after t = 0 are given by (y
is positive vertically upwards) 43. A mass at the end of a spring executes har-
monic motion about an equilibrium position with
g 2  g 2 
(A) , (B) , an amplitude A. Its speed as it passes through
2 6 g 2 3 g the equilibrium position is V. If extended 2A and
released, the speed of the mass passing through
the equilibrium position will be
g  2 2 (A) 2V (B) 4V
(C) ,
g
(D) 2g , 3g
2 3 V V
(C) (D)
2 4
39. Two particles A and B perform SHM along the
same straight line with the same amplitude ‘a’, 44. A 2 Kg block moving with 10 m/s strikes a
same frequency ‘f’ and same equilibrium position spring of constant 2N/m attached to 2 Kg block
‘O’. The greatest distance between them is found at rest kept on a smooth floor. The time for
to be 3a/2. At some instant of time they have which rear moving block remain in contact with
the same displacement from mean position. What spring will be
is the displacement? 10m/s
2kg 2kg
(A) a / 2 (B) a 7 / 4
(C) 3a/2 (D) 3 a /4
1
(A) 2 sec (B)
2
sec
40. A particle starts oscillating simple harmoni-
cally from its equilibrium position then, the ratio 1
(C) 1 sec (D) sec
of kinetic energy and potential energy of the par- 2

45. In the above question, the velocity of the

(A) 2 m / k + 4 2E / mg 2
rear 2 kg block after it separates from the spring
will be : (B) 2 m / k
(A) 0 m/s (B) 5 m/s
(C) 10 m/s (D) 7.5 m/s (C)  m / k + 2 2E / mg2
46. A particle is subjected to two mutually per-
(D) 2 2E / mg2
pendicular simple harmonic motions such that its
x and y coordinates are given by x = 2 sin t ; y
  51. A particle of mass 4 kg moves between two
= 2 sin  t   points A and B on a smooth horizontal surface
4
under the action of two forces such that when it
The path of the particle will be :  
(A) an ellipse (B) a straight line is at a point P, the forces are 2PA N and 2PB N.
(C) a parabola (D) a circle If the particle is released from rest at A, find the
time it takes to travel a quarter of the way from
47. The amplitude of the vibrating particle due A to B.
   
to superposition of two SHMs, y1 = sin  t   (A)
2
s (B)
3
s
3
and y2 = sin t is : 
(C) s (D) s
4
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 2 52. In an elevator, a spring clock of time period
TS (mass attached to a spring) and a pendulum
48. Two simple harmonic motions y1 = A sin t clock of time period TP are kept. If the elevator
accelerates upwards
and y2 = A cos t are superimposed on a particle
(A) TS well as TP increases
of mass m. The total mechanical energy of the
(B) TS remain same, TP increases
particle is :
(C) TS remains same, TP decreases
1 (D) TS as well as TP decreases
(A) m2A2 (B) m2A2
2
53. A man is swinging on a swing made of 2
1 ropes of equal length L and in direction perpen-
(C) m2A2 (D) zero
4 dicular to the plane of paper. The time period of
the small oscillations about the mean position is
49. The springs in fig. A and B are identical but
length in A is three times each of that in B. The
ratio of period TA/TB is
L
A B
L L
M
m m
(A) 3 (B) 1/3 L 3L
(A) 2 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 1/3 2g 2g
50. A particle of mass m moves in the potential L L
energy U shown above. The period of the motion (C) 2 (D) 
2 3g g
when the particle has total energy E is
U(x) 54. A ring of diameter 2m oscillates as a com-

pound pendulum about a horizontal axis passing
through a point at its rim. It oscillates such that
its centre move in a plane which is perpendicular
1
U = 2 kx2, x < 0 U = mgx, x > 0 to the plane of the ring. The equivalent length of
the simple pendulum is
(A) 2m (B) 4m
x (C) 1.5 m (D) 3m


55. Two pendulums have time periods T and 5T/

4. They start SHM at the same time from the 2l 2 2l
(A) 2 (B) 2
mean position. After how many oscillations of the 3g 3g
smaller pendulum they will be again in the same
phase 2l l
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 2 3g (D) 3 3g
(C) 11 (D) 9
60. In the figure shown, the spring are connected
56. A small bob attached to a light inextensible
to the rod at one end and at the midpoint. The
thread of length l has a periodic time T when
rod is hinged at its lower end. Rotational SHM of
allowed to vibrate as a simple pendulum. The the rod (Mass m, length L) will occur only if
thread is now suspended from a fixed end O of a
3 k
vertical rigid rod of length (as in figure). If
4
now the pendulum performs periodic oscillations
in this arrangement, the periodic time will be k
g
O
3l (A) k > mg / 3L (B) k > 2mg/3L

4 l (C) k > 2mg/5L (D) k > 0
61. What is the angular frequency of oscillations

of the rod in the above problem if k = mg/L ?
A (A) (3/2).[k/m]1/2 (B) (3/4).[k/m]1/2
(C) [2k/5m]1/2 (D) None
62. A ring is suspended at a point on its rim and

3T T it behaves as a second’s pendulum when it oscil-
(A) (B)
4 2 lates such that its centre move in its own plane.
(C) T (D) 2T The radius of the ring would be (g = 2)
(A) 0.5 m (B) 1.0 m
57. A simple pendulum is oscillating in a lift. If (C) 0.67 m (D) 1.5 m
the lift is going down with constant velocity, the
time period of the simple pendulum is T1. If the 63. A rod whose ends are A & B of length 25 cm
lift is going down with some retardation its time is hanged in vertical plane. When hanged from
period is T2, then point A and point B the time periods calculated
(A) T1 > T2 (B) T1 < T2 (C) T1 = T2 are 3 sec & 4 sec respectively. Given the mo-
(D) depends upon the mass of the pendulum bob ment of inertia of rod about axis perpendicular to
the rod is in ratio 9 : 4 at points A and B. Find the
58. A simple pendulum with length  and bob of distance of the centre of mass from point A.
mass m executes SHM of small amplitude A. The (A) 9 cm (B) 5 cm
maximum tension in the string will be
(C) 25 cm (D) 20 cm
(A) mg (1 + A/) (B) mg (1 + A/)2
(C) mg [1 + (A/)2] (D) 2 mg
59. A system of two identical rods (L-shaped) of
mass m and length l are resting on a peg P as
shown in the figure. If the system is displaced in
its plane by a small angle , find the period of
oscillations.
P
l l

Exercise - II (Multiple Choice Problems)

1. A spring has natural length 40 cm and spring 2
constant 500 N/m. A block of mass 1 kg is at- difference. At, t = . They are in same phase.
3
tached at one end of the spring and other end of
the spring is attached to ceiling. The block re- Their initial phase difference is :
leased from the position, where the spring has  2 4
length 45 cm. (A) (B) (C) (D) 
3 3 3
(A) the block will perform SHM of amplitude 5 cm.
(B) the block will have maximum velocity 30 5 5. Two particles are in SHM with same angular
cm/sec. frequency and amplitudes A and 2A respectively
(C) the block will have maximum acceleration 15 along same straight line with same mean posi-
m/s2. tion. They cross each other at position A/2 dis-
(D) the minimum potential energy of the spring tance from mean position in opposite direction.
will be zero. The phase between them is :
5  1   1
2. A particle executing a simple harmonic motion (A) – sin–1   (B) – sin–1  
6 4 6 4
of period 2s. When it is at its extreme displace-
ment from its mean position, it receives an addi-
5  1   1
tional energy equal to what it had in its mean (C) – cos–1   (D) – cos –1  
6 4 6  4
position. Due to this, in its subsequent motion,
(A) its amplitude will change and become equal
to 2 times its previous amplitude 6. The equation of motion for an oscillating par-
(B) its periodic time will become doubled i.e. 4s ticle is given by x = 3sin (4t) + 4 cos(4t),
(C) its potential energy will be decreased where x is in mm and t is in second
(D) it will continue to execute simple harmonic (A) The motion is simple harmonic
motion of the same amplitude and period as be- (B) The period of oscillation is 0.5 s
fore receiving the additional energy. (C) The amplitude of oscillation is 5 mm
(D) The particle starts its motion from the equi-
3. Part of a simple harmonic motion is graphed in librium
the figure, where y is the displacement from the
mean position. The correct equation describing 7. A particle is executing SHM of amplitude A,
this S.H.M is about the mean position X = 0. Which of the
following cannot be a possible phase difference
between the positions of the particle at x = + A/
2
2 and x = – A/ 2 .
(A) 75° (B) 165°
(0.6) t(s) (C) 135° (D) 195°
O (0.3)
8. Speed v of a particle moving along a straight
line, when it is at a distance x from a fixed point
–2
on the line is given by v2 = 108 – 9x2 (all quanti-
ties in S.I. unit). Then
(A) The motion is uniformly accelerated along the
straight line
 10  (B) The magnitude of the acceleration at a dis-
(A) y = 4 cos (0.6t) (B) y = 2 sin  t–  tance 3 cm from the fixed point is 0.27 m/s2.
3 2
12
(C) The motion is simple harmonic about x =
 10   10 
(C) y = 4 sin  t  (D) y = 2 cos  t  m.
3 2 3 2 (D) The maximum displacement from the fixed
point is 4 cm.
4. Two particles execute SHM with amplitude A 9. A block is placed on a horizontal plank. The
and 2A and angular frequency  and 2 respec- plank is performing SHM along a vertical line with
tively. At t = 0 they starts with some initial phase amplitude of 40 cm. The block just loses contact
with the plank when the plank is momentarily at
rest. Then

(A) the period of its oscillations is 2/5 sec. 15. A particle moves in xy plane according to the
(B) the block weights on the plank double its law x = a sin t and y = a(1 – cos t) where a
weight, when the plank is at one of the positions and  are constants. The particle traces
of momentary rest. (A) a parabola
(C) the block weights 1.5 times its weight on the (B) a straight line equallyinclined to x and y axes
plank halfway down from the mean position. (C) a circle
(D) the block weights its true weight on the plank, (D) a distance proportional to time
when velocity of the plank is maximum.
16. For a particle executing S.H.M., x = displace-
10. The potential energy of a particle of mass ment from equilibrium position, v = velocity at
0.1 kg, moving along x-axis, is given by U = 5x (x any instant and a = acceleration at any instant,
– 4) J where x is in metres. It can be concluded then
that (A) v-x graph is a circle
(A) the particle is acted upon by a constant force (B) v-x graph is an ellipse
(B) the speed of the particle is maximum at x = 2 (C) a-x graph is a straight line
m (D) a-v graph is an ellipse
(C) the particle executes simple harmonic motion
(D) the period of oscillation of the particle is /5 s 17. The figure shows a graph between velocity
11. A particle is executing SHM with amplitude A, and displacement (from mean position) of a par-
time period T, maximum acceleration a0 and maxi- ticle performing SHM
mum velocity v0. Its starts from mean position at v(in cm/s)
t = 0 and at time t, it has the displacement A/2,
acceleration a and velocity v then 10
2.5
(A) t = T/12 (B) a = a0/2
x
(C) v = v0/2 (D) t = T/8 (in cm)
12. The amplitude of a particle executing SHM
about O is 10 cm. Then
(A) When the K.E. is 0.64 of its max. K.E. its (A) the time period of the particle is 1.57 s
displacement is 6cm from O. (B) the maximum acceleration will be 40cm/s2
(B) When the displacement is 5 cm from O its (C) the velocity of particle is 2 21 cm/s when it
K.E. is 0.75 of its max. P.E. is at a distance 1 cm from the mean position.
(C) Its total energy at any point is equal to its (D) none of these
maximum K.E.
(D) Its velocity is half the maximum velocity when 18. Two blocks of masses 3 kg and 6 kg rest on a
its displacement is half the maximum displace- horizontal smooth surface. The 3 kg block is at-
ment. tached to a spring with a force constant k = 900
13. The displacement of a particle varies ac- Nm–1 which is compressed 2 m from beyond the
cording to the relation x = 3 sin 100t + 8 cos2 equilibrium position. The 6 kg mass is at rest at
50t. Which of the following is/are correct about 1m from mean position. 3kg mass strikes the 6 kg
this motion. mass and the two stick together.
(A) the motion of the particle is not S.H.M.
1m
(B) theamplitude of the S.H.M. of the particle is
5 units
2m
(C) the amplitude of the resultant S.H.M. is 73 3kg 6kg
units
(D) the maximum displacement of the particle from equilibrium
the origin is 9 units. position
(A) velocity of the combined masses immediately

14. In SHM, acceleration versus displacement after the collision is 10 ms–1
(from mean position) graph : (B) velocity of the combined masses immediately
(A) is always a straight line passing through ori- after thecollision is 5 ms–1
gin and slope –m2 (C) amplitude of the resulting oscillation is 2 m
(B) is always a straight line passing through ori- (D) amplitude of the resulting oscillation is 5/2 m
gin and slope +m2
(C) is a straight line not necessarily passing through 19. A particle starts from a point P at a distance
origin of A/2 from the mean position O & travels towards
(D) none of the above left as shown in the figure. If the time period of

SHM, executed about O is T and amplitude A 23. A particle of mass m performs SHM along a
then the equation of motion of particle is : straight line with frequency f and amplitude A.
(A) The average kinetic energy of the particle is
A/2
zero.
P (B) The average potential energy is m 2 f2 A2.
O
(C) The frequency of ocillation of kinetic energy
A
is 2f.
(D) Velocity function leads acceleration by /2.
 2   2 5 
(A) x = A sin  t   (B) x = A sin  t 
T 6  T 6  24. A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant
2 × 106Nm–1 and amplitude 0.01 m has a total
 2   2  mechanical energy of 160 J. Its
(C) x = A cos  t   (D) x = A cos  t  (A) maximum potential energy is 100 J
T 6  T 3
(B) maximum kinetic energy is 100J
20. The angular frequency of a spring block sys- (C) maximum potential energy is 160 J
tem is 0. This system is suspended from the (D) minimum potential energy is zero.
ceiling of an elevator moving downwards with a
constant speed v0. The block is at rest relative 25. The graph plotted between phase angle ()
to the elevator. Lift is suddenly stopped. Assum- and displacement of a particle from equilibrium
position (y) is a sinusoidal curve as shown below.
ing the downwards as a positive direction, choose
Then the best matching is
the wrong statement.
v0 y
(A) The amplitude of the block is 
0
(B) The initial phase of the block is .
3 /2 2
v0
(C) The equation of motion for the block is  O /2 P t
0
sin 0t.
(D) The maximum speed of the block is v0. Column A Column B
(A)K. E. versus
21. A disc of mass 3m and a disc of mass m are
connected by a massless spring of stiffness k.
The heavier disc is placed on the ground with the
phase angle curve (i)
spring vertical and lighter disc on top. From its
equilibrium position, the upper disc is pushed down
by a distance  and released. Then (B) P.E. versus phase
(A) if  > 3mg/k, the lower disc will bounce up
(B) if  = 2mg/k, maximum normal reaction from
ground on lower disc = 6 mg. angle curve (ii)
(C) if  = 2mg/k, maximum normal reaction from
ground on lower disc = 4 mg. (C) T.e. versus phase
(D) if  > 4 mg/k, the lower disc will bounce up
angle curve (iii)
22. A system is oscillating with undamped simple
harmonic motion. Then the
(D) Velocity versus
(A) average total energy per cycle of the motion
is its maximum kinetic energy.
(B) average total energy per cycle of the motion
1 phase angle curve (iv)
is times its maximum kinetic energy..
2
1
(C) root mean square velocity is times its (A) (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii) & (d) - (iv)
2
maximum velocity (B) (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii) & (d) - (iv)
(D) mean velocity is 1/2 of maximum velocity. (C) (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv) & (d) - (iii)
(D) (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (iv) & (d) - (i)


Exercise - III (Subjective Problems)

LINEAR S.H.M 8. A block of mass 0.9 kg attached to a spring of
force constant k is lying on a frictionless floor.
1. The equation of a particle executing SHM is 2 cm and the block
The spring is compressed to
 
x  (5m) sin( s –1 )t   . Write down the amplitude, is at a distance 1/ 2 cm from the wall as shown
 6
phase constant, time period and maximum speed. in the figure. When the block is released, it make
elastic collision with the wall and its period of
2. A particle having mass 10 g oscillates according motion is 0.2 sec. Find the approximate value of k.
to the equation x = (2.0 cm) sin [100 s–1] t +
 Wall
]. Find (a) the amplitude, the time period and
6
the force constant (b) the position, the velocity
and the acceleration at t = 0.
3. The equation of motion of a particle started at

m
t = 0 is given by x = 5 sin (20 t + /3) where x is
in centimetre and t in second. When does the 1/ 2 cm
particle. 2 cm
(a) first come to rest ?
(b) first have zero acceleration ? 9. A force f = –10x + 2 acts on a particle of mass
(c) first have maximum speed ? 0.1 kg, where ‘k’ is in m and F in newton. If it is
released from rest at x = –2 m, find :
4. A body is in SHM with period T when oscillated
(A) Amplitude (b) Time period
from a freely suspended spring. If this spring is
cut in two parts of length ratio 1 : 3 & again (c) Equation of motion
oscillated from the two parts separately, then
the periods are T1 & T2 then find T1/T2. 10. Potential energy (U) of a body of unit mass
moving in a one-dimension conservative force fileld
5. The system shown in the figure can move on a is given by, U = (x2 – 4x + 3). All units are in S.I.
smooth surface. The spring is initially compressed (i) Find the equilibrium position of the body.
by 6 cm and then released. Find
(ii) Show that oscillations of the body about this
k = 800 N/m
equilibrium position is simple harmonic motion &
3 kg 6 kg
find its timeperiod.
(iii) Find the amplitude of oscillations if speed of
(a) Time period (b) Amplitude of 3 kg block
(c) Maximum momentum of 6 kg block the body at equilibrium position is 2 6 m/s.
6. A body undergoing SHM about the origin has

11. The resulting amplitude A and the phase of
its equation is given by x = 0.2 cos 5t. Find its
average speed from t = 0 to t = 0.7 sec. A  
the vibrations  S = A cos (t) + cos  t  
2 2
7. The acceleration-displacement (a – x) graph
A A  3 
cos  t 
of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is  = A cos (t
+ cos (t + ) +
4 8 2
shown in the figure. Find the frequency of oscil-
lation. + ) are ....... and ......... respectively.
a
12. A body is executing SHM under the action of

force whose maximum magnitude is 50N. Find the
magnitude of force acting on the particle at the
– O x
time when its energy is half kinetic and half po-
–
tential.

13. A 1kg block is executing simple harmonic x

motion of amplitude 0.1 m on a smooth horizontal
surface under the restoring force of a spring of 10
spring constant 100 N/m. A block of mass 3 kg is mm
5
gently placed on it at the instant it passes through
the mean position. Assuming that the two blocks 0
t(s)
move together, find the frequency and the
amplitude of the motion.
17. Two particles A and B execute SHM along
the same line with the same amplitude a, same
3kg frequency and same equilibrium position O. If the
phase difference between them is  = 2 sin–1
1kg (0.9), then find the maximum distance between
the two.
18. Two blocks A (5kg) and B(2kg) attached to

14. The springs shown in the figure are all the ends of a spring constant 1120 N/m are placed
unstretched in the beginning when a man starts on a smooth horizontal plane with the spring
pulling the block. The man exerts a constant force undeformed. Simultaneously velocities of 3m/s and
F on the block. Find the amplitude and the 10m/s along the line of the spring in the same
frequency of the motion of the block. direction are imparted to A and B then
3m/s 10m/s
k1 M
A 5 2 B
k2 k3 F (a) Find the maximum extension of the spring.

(b) When does the first maximum compression
occurs after start.
19. The motion of a particle is described by x =

15. Two identical springs are attached to a small
30 sin (t + /6), where x is in cm and t in sec.
block P. The other ends of the springs are fixed
Potential energy of the particle is twice of kinetic
at A and B. When P is in equilibrium the extension
energy for the first time after t = 0 when the
of top spring is 20 cm and extension of bottom
particle is at position ............. after .......... time.
spring is 10 cm. Find the period of small vertical
oscillations of P about its equilibrium position. (use
20. A particle is performing SHM with accleration
g = 9.8 m/s2)
a = 8 2 – 4 2 x where x is coordinate of the
particle w.r.t. the origin. The parameters are in
A S.I. units. The particle is at rest at x = –2 at t =
0. Find coordinate of the particle w.r.t. origin at
any time.
P
21. (a) Find the time period of oscillations of a
torsional pendulum, if the torsional constant of
B the wire is K = 102J/rad. The moment of inertia
of rigid body is 10 kg m2 about the axis of rota-
16. The figure shows the displacement - time tion.
graph of a particle executing SHM. If the time (b) A simple pendulum of length l = 0.5 m is hanging
period of oscillation is 2s, then the equation of from ceiling of a car. The car is kept on a hori-
motion is given by x = ................. . zontal plane. The car starts accelerating on the
horizontal road with acceleration of 5 m/s2. Find
the time period of oscillations of the pendulum
for small amplitudes about the mean position.


22. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes SHM along (ii) What must be the acceleration of the lift for
the x-axis with frequency of (25/) Hz. At the the period of oscillation of the pendulum to be
point x = 0.04m the object has KE 0.5 J and PE T0
?
0.4 J. The amplitude of oscillation is 2
_____________.
29. A simple pendulum of length  is suspended
23. A body of mass 1 kg is suspended from a through the ceiling of an elevator. Find the time
weightless spring having force constant 600 N/ period of small oscillations if the elevator (a) is
m. Another body of mass 0.5 kg moving vertically going up with an acceleration a0 (b) is going down
upwards hits the suspended body with a velocity with an acceleration a0 and (c) is moving with a
of 3.0 m/s and get embedded in it. Find the fre- uniform velocity.
quency of oscillations and amplitude of motion.
24. A block is kept on a horizontal table. The 30. A simple pendulum fixed in a car has a time
table is undergoing simple harmonic motion of fre- period of 4 seconds when the car is moving
quency 3 Hz in a horizontal plane. The coeffi- uniformly on a horizontal road. When the
cient of static friction between block and the accelerator is pressed, the time period changes
table surface is 0.72. Find the maximum ampli- to 3.99 seconds. Making an approximate analysis,
tude of the table at which the block does not slip find the acceleration of the car.
on the surface.
31. Two identical rods each of mass m and length
25. A particle of mass m moves in a one-dimen- L, are rigidly joined and then suspended in a ver-
sional potential energy U(x) = –ax2 + bx4, where tical plane so as to oscillate freely about an axis
‘a’ and ‘b’ are positive constants. Then what is normal to the plane of paper passing through ‘S’
the angular frequency of small oscillations about (point of supension). Find the time period of such
the minima of the potential energy. small oscillations.
26. A pendulum having time period equal to two

S
seconds is called a seconds pendulum. Those used
in pendulum clocks are of this type. Find the length
of a seconds pendulum at a place where g = 2
m/s2
27. The angle made by the string of a simple

pendulum with the vertical depends on time as  32. A simple pendulum has a time period T = 2
 sec when it swings freely. The pendulum is hung
= sin[s–1)t]. Find the length of the pendulum
90 as shown in figure. so that only one-fourth of its
if g = 2 m/s2. total length is free to swing to the left of ob-
stacle. It is displaced to position A and released.
How long does it take to swing to extreme dis-
28. A pendulum is suspended in a lift and its period
placement B and return to A? Assume that dis-
of oscillation is T0 when the lift is stationary.
placement angle is always small.
(i) What will the period T of oscillation of pendulum
be, if the lift begins to accelerate downwards
le
3g
ac
?
st
with an acceleration equal to

4
ob
B A

Exercise - IV (TOUGH SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS )
1. A point particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing  =/6 radian with respect to diameter PQ of the
SHM with amplitude of 0.1 m. When the particle circle and released from rest
passes through the mean position, its K.E. is 8 ×
10–3J. Obtain the equation of motion of this par-
ticle if the initial phase of oscillation is 45°.
2. The particle executing SHM in a straight line

has velocities 8 m/s, 7 m/s, 4 m/s at three points
distant one metre from each other. What will be
the maximum velocity of the particle? (a) Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the
ball B.
3. One end of an ideal spring is fixed to a wall at (b) What is the total energy of the system.
origin O and the axis of spring is parallel to a x- (c) Find the speed of the ball A when A and B are
axis. A block of mass m = 1 kg is attached to free at the two ends of the diameter PQ.
end of the spring and it is performing SHM. Equa-
tion of position of block in coordinate system 6. An ideal gas is enclosed in a vertical cylinderical
shown is x = 10 + 3 sin10t, t is in second and x in container and supports a freely moving piston of
cm. Another block of mass M = 3kg, moving to- mass m. The piston and the cylinder have equal
wards the origin with velocity 30 cm/s collides cross-sectional area A, atmospheric pressure is
with the block performing SHM at t = 0 and gets P0 and when the piston is in equilibrium position.
struck to it, calculate : Show that the piston executes SHM and find
(i) new amplitude of oscillations. the frequency of oscillation (system is completely
(ii) new equation for position of the combined isolated from the surrounding).  = Cp/Cv. Height
body. of the gas in equilibrium position is h.
(iii) loss of energy during collision. Neglect fric-
tion. 7. A massless rod is hinged at O. A string carry-
1kg 3kg ing a mass m at one end is attached to point A
on the rod so that OA = a. At another point B
(OB = b) of the rod, a horizontal spring of force
constant k is attached as shown. Find the period
4. A mass M is in static equilibrium on a massless of small vertical oscilla tions of mass m around its
vertical spring as shown in the figure. A ball of equilibrium position.
mass m dropped from certain height sticks to the
mass M after colliding with it. The oscillations k B
they perform reach to height ‘a’ above the origi-
nal level of scales & depth ‘b’ below it. A
(a) Find the force constant of the spring.;
m
O
M a
8. Two blocks A (2kg) and B(3kg) rest up on a
b
smooth horizontal surface are connected by a
spring of stiffness 120 N/m. Initially the spring is
underformed. A is imparted a velocity of 2m/s
along the line of the spring away from B. Find the
displacement of A t second later.
(b) Find the oscillation frequency.
(c) What is the height above the initial level from 3kg 2kg 2m/s
which the mass m was droped ? B A
5. Two identical balls A and B each of mass 0.1 9. Consider a fixed ring shaped uniform body of
kg are attached to two identical massless springs. linear mass density  and radius R. A particle at
The spring mass system is constrained to move the centre of ring is displaced along the axis by a
inside a rigid smooth pipe in the form of a circle small distance, show that the particle will ex-
as in fig. The pipe is fixed in a horizontal plane. ecute SHM under gravitation of ring & find its
The centres of the ball can move in a circle of time period neglecting other forces.
radius 0.06 m. Each spring has a natural length
0.06 m and force constant 0.1 N/m. Initially both
the balls are displaced by an angle of


Exercise - V JEE-Problems
1. A particle of mass m is executing oscillations 6. A particle executes simple harmonic motion be-
about the origin on the x-axis. Its potential en- tween x = –A and x = +A. The time taken for it to
ergy is V(x) = k|x|3 where k is a positive con- go from 0 to A/2 is T1 and to go from A/2 to A is
stant. If the amplitude of oscillations is a, then T2. Then
its time period T is [JEE (Scr)’ 2001]
(A) proportional to 1/ a (A) T1 < T2 (B) T1 > T2
(B) independent of a (C) T1 = T2 (D) T1 = 2T2
(C) proportional to a 7. A diatomic molecule has atoms of masses m1
(D) proportional to a3/2 [JEE’ 98] and m2. The potential energy of the molecule for
the interatomic separation r is given by V(r) = –A
2. A particle free to move along the x-axis has + B(r –r0)2, where r0 is the equilibrium separation,
potential energy given by U(x) = k[1 - exp(-x2)] and A and B are positive constants. The atoms
for –< x < +, where k is a positive constant of are compressed towards each other from their
appropriate dimensions. Then equilibrium positions released. What is the vibra-
(A) at point away from the origin, the particle is tional frquency of the molecule?
in unstable equilibrium. [REE’ 2001]
(B) for any finite nonzero value of x, there is a
force directed away from the origin. 8. A particle is executing SHM according to y = a
(C) if its total mechanical energy is k/2, it has its cos t. Then which of the graphs represents varia-
minimum kinetic energy at the origin. tions of potential energy :
(D) for small displacements from x = 0, the mo- [JEE (Scr)’ 2003]
tion is simple harmonic. [JEE’ 99]
P.E.
I II
3. Three simple harmonic motions in the same
direction having the same amplitude a and same
period are superposed. If each differs in phase
from the next by 45°, then
(A) the resultant amplitude is (1+ 2 )a
(B) the phase of the resultant motion relative to t
the first is 90°.
(C) the energy associated with the resulting mo- P.E.
tion is (3 + 2 2 ) times the energy associated III IV
with any single motion.
(D) the resulting motion is not simple harmonic.
[JEE’ 99]
x
4. The period of oscillation of simple pendulum of (A) (I) & (III) (B) (II) & (IV)
length L suspended from the roof of a vehicle (C) (I) & (IV) (D) (II) & (III)
which moves without friction down an inclined
plane of inclination  is given by 9. Two masses m1 and m2 connected by a light
[JEE’ 2000] spring of natural length l0 is compressed com-
pletely and tied by a string. This system while
L L moving with a velocity v0 along +ve x-axis pass
(A) 2 (B) 2
gcos  gsin through the origin at t = 0. At this position the
string snaps. Position of mass m1 at time is given
L L by the equation.x1(t) = v0 t – A (1 – cos t)
(C) 2 (D) 2
g gtan Calculate :
(a) Position of the particle m2 as a function of
time.
5. A bob of mass M is attached to the lower end
(b) l0 is terms of A.
of a vertical string of length L and cross sec-
[JEE’ 2003]
tional area A. The Young’s modulus of the mate-
rial of the string is Y. If the bob executes SHM in
10. A block P of mass m is placed on a friction-
the vertical direcion, find the frequency of these
less horizontal surface. Another block Q of same
oscillations. [REE’ 2000]
mass is kept on P and connected to the wall with 14. A student performs an experiment for deter-
the help of a spring of spring constant k as shown
 4 2l 
in the figure. s is the coefficient of friction be-  
mination of g   l  1 m and he commits an
tween P and Q. The blocks move together per-  T 2 
forming SHM of amplitude A. The maximum value
error of l.
of the friction force between P and Q is
For The takes the time of n oscillations with the
stop watch of least count T and he commits a
Q s human error of 0.1 sec. For which of the follow-
k
ing data, the measurement of g will be most ac-
P smooth curate?
l T nAmplitude of oscillation
kA (A)5 mm 0.2 sec 10 5 mm
(A) kA (B)
2 (B) 5 mm 0.2 sec 20 5 mm
(C) zero (D) smg [JEE’ 2004] (C) 5 mm 0.1 sec 20 1 mm
(D) 1 mm 0.1 sec 50 1 mm
11. A simple pendulum has time period T1. When [JEE’ 2006]
the point of suspension moves vertically up ac-
cording to the equation y = kt2 where k = 1 m/s2 15. Column I describes some situations in which
and ‘t’ is time then the time period of the pendu- a small objact moves. Column II describes some
2
characteristics of these motions. Match the situ-
 T1  ations in Column I with the characteristics in
lum is T2 then   is
 T2  Column II and indicate your answer by darken-
ing appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given
5 11 in the ORS.
(A) (B) Column I Column II
6 10
(A) The object moves (P) The object
6 5 on the x-axis under a executes a SHM
(C) (D)
5 4 conservative force
[JEE’ 2005(Scr)] in such a way that
its “speed” and “po
12. A small body attached to one end of a sition” satisfy v =
vertically hanging spring is performing SHM about
it’s mean position with angular frequency  and c1 c 2  x 2 , where
amplitude a. If at a height y* from the mean c1 and c2 are positive
position the body gets detached from the spring, constants.
calculate the value of y* so that the height H (B) The object moves (Q) The object does
attained by the mass is maximum. The body does on the x-axis in such a not change its
not interact with the spring during it’s subsequent way that its velocity and direction
motion after detachment. (aw2>g). its displacement from the
origin satisfyv = –kx,
where k is a positive
constant.
(C) The object is attached (R) The kinetic en
to one end of a massless ergy of the object
y0 spring of a given spring keeps on decreasing
constant. The other end
m
of the spring is attached
13. Function x = A sin2 t + B cos2 t + C sin t to the ceiling of an elevator.
cos t represents SHM Initially everything is at rest.
[JEE’ 2006] The elevator starts going
(A) for any value of A, B and C (except C = 0) upwards with a constant
acceleration a. The motion
(B) if A = – B ; C = 2B, amplitude = |B 2 |
of the object is observed
(C) if A = B; C = 0
from the elevator during the
(D) if A = B; C = 2B, amplitude = |B|
period it maintains this
acceleration.


(D) The object is projected (S) The object

from the earth’s surface can change its
vertically upwards with direction only once
K1 K2
a speed 2 GM e / R e , where M
P
Me is the mass of the earth
and Re is the radius of the k2A k2A
earth. Neglect forces from (A) k (B) k
2 2
objects other than the earth.
[JEE’ 2007] k 1A k 2A
(C) k  k (D) k  k
1 2 1 2
16. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched
springs S1 and S2 with spring constants k and 19. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted
4k, respectively (see figure I). The other ends at the centre. Its two ends are attached to two
are attached to identical supports M1 and M2 springs of equal spring constants k. The springs
not attached to the walls. The springs and are fixed to rigid supports as shown in the figure,
supports have negligible mass. There is no friction and the rod is free to oscillate in the horizontal
anywhere. The block B is displaced towards wall plane. The rod is gently pushed through a small
1 by a small distance x (figure II) and released. angle  in one direction and released. The
The block returns and moves a maximum distance frequency of oscillation is
y towards wall 2. Displacement x and y are
measured with respect to the equilibrium position
y
of the block B. The ratio in Figure
x
1 2k 1 k
(A) (B)
2 M 2 M
1 6k 1 24k
[JEE’2008] (C) (D)
2 M 2 M
(A) 4 (B) 2
20. A metal rod of length 'L' and mass 'm' is piv-
1 1 oted at one end. A thin disk of mass 'M' and
(C) (D)
2 4 radius 'R' (<L) is attached at its center to the
free end of the rod. Consider two ways the disc
17. The x–t graph of particle undergoing simple is attached : (case A) The disc is not free to
harmonic motion is shown below. The accelera- rotate about its center and (case B) the disc is
tion of the particle at t = 4 / 3 s is free to rotate about its center. The rod-disc sys-
tem performs SHM in vertical plane after being
released from the same displaced position. which
of the following statement(s) is (are) true?
3 2 – 2
(A)  cm / s 2 (B) cm / s 2 (A) Restoring torque in case A = Restoring torque
32 32
in case B
2 3 2 (B) Restoring torque in case A < Restoring torque
(C) cm / s 2 (D) –  cm / s 2 in case B
32 32
(C) Angular frequency for case A > Angular fre-
18. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in quency for case B
simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. The (D) Angular frequency for case A < Angular fre-
amplitude of the point P is quency for case B
Paragraph for Question Nos. 21 to 23 22. The phase space diagram for simple harmonic
Phase space diagrams are useful tools in analyzing motion is a circle centered at the origin. In the
all kinds of dynamical problems. They are figure, the two circles represent the same
especially useful in studying the changes in motion oscillator but for different initial conditions, and
as initial position and momentum are changed. E1 and E2 are the total mechanical energies
Here we consider some simple dynamical systems respectively. Then
in one-dimension. For such systems, phase space
Momentum
is a plane in which position is plotted along
horizontal axis and momentum is plotted along
vertical axis. The phase space diagram is x(t) vs. E1
E2
p(t) curve in this plane. The arrow on the curve
2a
idicates the time flow. For example, the phase
space diagram for a particle moving with constant a position
velocity is a straight line as shown in the figure.

We use the sign convention in which position of
momentum upwards (or to right) is positive and
downwards (or to left) is negative.
(A) E1 = 2 E2 (B) E1 =2E2
(C) E1 = 4E2 (D) E1 = 15E2
23. Consider the spring-mass system, with the

Momentum
mass submerged in water, as shown in the figure.

The phase space diagram for one cycle of this
system is
Position
21. The phase space diagram for a ball thrown
vertically up from ground is
Momentum Momentum
Momentum
Momentum
(A) (B)
Position Position
(A) Position
(B)
Position
Momentum
Momentum Momentum Momentum
(C) (D) (C) (D) Position

Position Position
Position


Exercise-I
LINEAR S.H.M
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C
8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. B
15. A 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. C 21. B
22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. C
29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. D
36. B 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. B 41. A 42. C
43. A 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C
50. C 51. B
ANGULAR S.H.M
52. C 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. A 57. A

58. C 59. B 60. C 61. A 62. A
63. D
Exercise-II
1. B,C,D 2. A 3. B 4. B,C 5. A 6. A,B,C

7. C 8. B 9. A,B,C,D 10. B,C,D 11. A,B
12. A,B,C 13. B,D 14. A 15. C,D 16. B,C,D 17. A,B,C 18. A,C
19. B,D 20. B 21. B,D 22. A,C 23. B,C 24. B,C
25. B
Exercise-III
LINEAR S.H.M
1. Amplitude = 5 m
Initial Phase = /6
Maximum speed = 5m/sec
2. (a) 2.0 cm, /50 sec, 100 N/m
(b) 1 cm, 3 m / sec , 100 m/sec–1
   1 
3. (a) sec. , (b) sec. (c) sec. 4. 5. (a) sec , (b) 4 cm, (c) 2.40 kg m/sec
120 30 30 3 10
1  11  11
6. 2m/sec 7. 8. 100 Nm–2 9. (a) m (b) sec (c) x = 0.2 – cos t
2  5 5 5
3 5 –1  1 
10. (i) x0 = 2m (ii) T = 2 sec (iii) 2 3 11. A , tan   12. 25 2 N
8 2
5 F(K 2  K 3 ) 1 K 1K 2  K 2K 3  K 3K 1 
13. Hz , 5 cm 14. K K  K K  K K , 2 15.
2 1 2 2 3 3 1 M (K 2  K 3 ) 7


3
16. X = 10 sin (t + /6 ) 17. 1.8 a 18. (a) 25 cm, (b) seconds
56
1 2 1 2
19. 10 6 cm , sin –1 – sec 20. 2 – 4 cos 2t 21. (a) 2 sec. (b) T = sec.
 3 6 5 1/ 4
10 5 37 a
22. 0.06 m 23. Hz , cm 24. 2 cm 25. 2
 6 m
ANGULAR S.H.M
  
26 1m 27. 1m 28. (i) 2T0 , (ii) 3 g up wards 29. (a) 2 a  g , (b) 2 g – a , (c) 2
0 0 g
g 17L 3
30. 31. 2 18 g 32. sec
10 2
Exercise-IV
1. y = 0.1 sin (4t +/4) 2. 65 m / s 3. 3cm, x = 10 – 3 sin 5t; E = 0.135 J
2mg  M  m  ab 1 2mg 1
4. (a) K = ; (c)   , 5. f= ; E = 42 × 10–5 J; v =2 × 10–2 m/s
b–a m  b – a 2 (b – a)(M  m) 
1 (P0  mg / A )A 2R2
6. f 7. (2a/b)(m/k)1/2 8. 0.8t + 0.12 sin 10t 9.
2 mh Gp
Exercise-V
1 YA
1. A 2. D 3. A, C 4. A 5. 6. A
2 ML
1 m1 m 2 m1  m1 
7. = 2 2B(m1  m 2 ) 8. A 9. (a) x2 = v0t + A (1 – cos t), (b) l0 =  m  1 A
f m2  2 
mg g
10. B 11. C 12. y* =
 2 <a 13. A,B,D 14. D
k 
15. (A) P; (B) Q, R ; (C) P ; (D) Q, R or (A) P ; (B) Q, R ; (C) P ; (D) R
16. C 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A,D 21. D 22. C 23. B


SHM

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SHM

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SHM

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IIT-JEE|AIEEE

Nurturing potential through education

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Periodic, Oscillatory Motion ................................................................................ 3

2. Analysis of Motion in Linear SHM .................................................................... 3 – 4

3. Characteristics of SHM .................................................................................... 4 – 5

4. Equation of SHM .............................................................................................. 6 – 8

5. Graphical Representation ................................................................................ 8 – 10

6. SHM as a projection of uniform circular Motion .............................................. 11 – 15

7. Energy of SHM .............................................................................................. 15 – 17

8. Method to determine time period. .................................................................. 17 – 24

9. Combination of springs .................................................................................. 24 – 26

10. Angular SHM ................................................................................................ 27 – 32

11. Combination of two SHMs ............................................................................ 32 – 35

13. Exercise - 2 ................................................................................................. 42 – 44

14. Exercise - 3 .................................................................................................. 45 - 47

15. Exercise - 4 ..................................................................................................... 48

16. Exercise - 5 ................................................................................................. 49 – 52

17. Answer key .................................................................................................. 53 – 54

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

simple harmonic motions.

IIT - JEE Syllabus :

Linear and angular simple harmonic motions.

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

4. ANALYSIS OF MOTION IN LINEAR SHM :

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

(2) Motion of a particle from B to A :

(3) Motion of a particle from A to C :

(4) Motion of a particle from C to A :

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

Extreme position – Mean position = Amplitude.

Ex.1 Describe the motion of a particle acted upon by a force.

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

6. EQUATION OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION :

The necessary and sufficient condition for SHM is

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

7.1 Graph of Velocity (v) V/S Displacement (x) : Velocity (v)

It is the rate of change of particle's velocity w.r.t. time at that instant.

8.1 Graph of Acceleration (A) v/s Displacement (x):

9. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY & ACCELERATION IN SHM:

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

tim e , t 0 T/4 T/2 3T/4 T

x T/4 T/2 3T/4 T 5T/4 3T/2

The maximum speed = A  = 5 m ×  s–1 = 5  m/s

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671

Downloaded from www.iitjeephysics4u.com

(d) v   A 2 – x 2 = (6.28 s–1) (10cm)2 – (6cm)2 = 50.2 cm/s.

(a) Yes, motion is SHM.

(d) Time period, T  2  2 sec .

394,50 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. : 93141-87482, 0744-2209671