Republic of Yemen

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

ENGLISH COURSE

Work book 6

ALL COPYRIGHTS RESERVED

BY
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

2006 1426
 Unit 1

1.1 A Look at PB page 1. Match the words to the top pictures and write the
numbers in the boxes.

A B C D E F

G H I J K L

M N O P Q R

B Complete these sentences. Use the words below.

rectangular scales straight plastic fur round

paper curved metal feathers hair glass

Shapes
1 Aisha's hair is long, ___________ and black.
2 A djambia has a _________ blade.
3 Many team sports use a __________ ball.
4 If you look around a room, you will see many _____________ objects,
for example, doors, windows, tables, books and shelves.

Animal coverings
5 You have to remove the _________ of a fish before you cook it.
6 We can study the __________ of birds to understand how they fly.
7 Some animals, such as cats, are covered in _______, while other
animals, such as camels, are covered in _______.

Made of
8 Windows are usually made of wood and ________, but sometimes
________ or plastic is used instead of wood.
9 Newspapers, magazines and books are all made of _________.
10 You should be careful when leaving things made of _________ in a hot
car. Objects such as music cassettes can be easily damaged.

1
1.2 A Listen to descriptions of two men. Choose the picture that
best matches each description.

1 ________ 2 _________

B Complete the description of the first man as you remember it.

You do not have to use the exact words.

He had ______________________________________________________________________________
His eyes _____________________________________________________________________________
He wore _____________________________________________________________________________
His trousers __________________________________________________________________________
On his feet ___________________________________________________________________________

C Work with your partner. Discuss how you could make your
descriptions more like the one you heard. Re-write the description
in your copybook.

D Listen to these descriptions. Tick the correct answer.

1 a) motor bike b) car c) bicycle d) horse

2 a) bird b) plane c) car d) kite
3 a) tomato b)orange c) banana d) potato
4 a) fish b) zebra c) tiger d) cat
5 a) table b) book c) newspaper d) pen

2
 E Think of two objects. In your copybooks, write descriptions similar
to those you heard on the cassette.

1.3 A Read conversation 1 on PB page 2. Which pieces of luggage

belong to the passenger?

________ _________

B Read conversation 2 on PB page 2. Which girl is Kate?

________

C What do you say in these situations?

1 Somebody is upset and is speaking loudly. ______________

2 Somebody thinks something bad is going to happen but you think
they are wrong. ________________
3 Somebody tells you some bad news. _______________

3
 D Think of a vegetable, a fruit or an animal. Ask your partner to
guess what you are thinking of. You partner should ask questions
like these:

Can you eat it? Is it a vegetable? What colour is it?

Does it have feathers? Can you find it in Yemen?

1.4 A Read the article on PB page 3 again. Then answer these questions.

1 In which country or countries can you find tigers? ___________________________

2 What animals are in the same family as the dog? ____________________________
________________
3 When was Rama born? _____________________
4 What kind of animal was Rama's father? _______________
5 Which is bigger, a camel or a llama? _______________
6 Which part of Rama is valuable? _______________
7 Why was it possible to crossbreed a lion and a tiger?
___________________________________________________________________
8 Why do llamas have heavy wool coats?
___________________________________________________________________
9 Why would it be difficult for camels to live where llamas come from?
___________________________________________________________________
10 In what way is the cama like a camel?
___________________________________________________________________

B Describe the cama to your partner using the following plan.

Begin by describing its colour and covering. Then describe the head,
body, legs and tail. The description does not have to be complete, but
should describe interesting things about the animal, such as the size
and shape of its tail.

Choose another animal and describe it to your partner. Do not give

the name. Can he or she guess which animal you are describing?

4
1.5 A Read this paragraph about three sisters. Then complete
the sentences.

Aisha is 16 years old. She has two sisters, Noura and Huda. Noura is
17 and Huda is 11. Nura is 1.78 metres and so is Aisha.
Noura is the __________ of the three. Although Aisha is __________
than Noura, she is as ____________ her sister. Since she is only 11,
Huda is the _____________ of the three.

B Write these sentences another way. Use words from the box.

most like same not as

1 Bill's car is white and Richard's is blue.

Richard's car is __________________ colour ______________.
2 Two brothers, Ahmed and Hassan, got 90% in their English exam.
________________, Ahmed got 90% in the examination.
3 My pen was not expensive, but my friend has a very expensive one.
My pen was _____________________________________________.
4 There are three classes in year 1. Class A has 30 pupils, class B has 35
pupils and class C has 33 pupils.
Class B has ________________________.

C Complete the sentences using however or although.

1 Football is a very popular game, ____________ not everybody enjoys it.

2 __________ I like fishing, I don't catch a lot of fish.
3 The factory manager gets very angry sometimes. ______________, he is
very good at his job.
4 The book wasn't very interesting. I read it from start to finish,
____________.

1.6 A Look at PB page 5. Match the words to the pictures.

Write the numbers in the boxes.

1 A B C D
2 A B C D
E F G H

5
 B Complete these sentences.
1 A _____________ is smaller than a river.
2 You will find a _____________ between two hills.
3 You cannot see far on a ______________ day.
4 You cannot grow crops in a _____________.
5 ____________ weather helps crops to grow.
6 A ______________ is bigger than a hill.

C Complete the paragraph using words from the box.

drink valley looked hot walk beach boats
stream cold coastline fishing sunny climbed

It was a ___________ afternoon, so Tom decided to go for a ____________ in

the countryside. He lived beside the seal in a _____________ between two
hills. He ____________ the smaller of the two hills and, when he got to
the top, he stopped and ____________ around him. In the distance, he
could see the _____________. There were some people lying on the
__________ in the sun. He could see three __________ in the water. Maybe
the people in them were ______________. After his climb, Tom was _______.
He saw a small _____________ and decided to sit next to it and have a
__________. The water was nice and ____________. He lay back in the warm
grass thinking. ‘What a nice way to spend an afternoon.’

1.7 A Listen to the conversation once and tick the correct information.

1 Mike and Andy are

a) in a boat b) in a field c) on a mountain.
2 Andy is
a) hurt b) angry c) happy.
3 The weather is
a) sunny b) misty c) wet.
4 It is
a) early morning b) early evening c) night-time.

6
 5 At the end of the conversation, Andy and Mike are
a) happy b) worried c) amazed.

B Listen again and look at the map. Answer the questions by

marking the positions on the map.
1 Where did Andy and Mike cross the river together?
2 Where did Andy leave Mike?
3 Where did Andy fall?
4 Where are they now?

C Describe to your partner the location of Andy and Mike exactly.

Use some of the following words and phrases.
near ... north of ... / south of ...
on the east side of ... about ... kilometres from ...

D Role play a telephone conversation with your partner.

Pupil A Imagine you are stuck on Snow Peak. You have a mobile phone
Decide where you are. Call Snow Peak Rescue. Describe your location.

Pupil B Your work for Snow Peak Rescue. You get a call from someone stuck on
the mountain. It's getting dark, so you have to find exactly where
he/she is.

E Work in pairs. Think of a place in the countryside and describe its

location. Your partner tries to guess where it is.

7
1.8 A Read the text on PB page 6. Find words that mean the following:
1 not being at work para 1 __________________
2 a road near the sea para 1 _____________________
3 eating grass para 1 ________________
4 a machine used by a farmer para 1 _______________
5 turning over the soil para 1 ________________
6 most important or biggest para 2 __________
7 the highest part of a mountain para 3 __________
8 see with difficulty para 3 ______________

B Read the text again and write short answers to these questions.

1 Where did the writer spend his holiday? _________________

2 Which road did he take when he began his drive? ___________________
3 In which direction was the sea? ______________________________
4 What was nearer the writer, the farmer or the cows? _________________
5 What were the birds looking for? _____________________________
6 When did the writer see the river? _______________________________
7 What happened to the river? ____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8 Where did the road end? _______________________________________
9 Was the peak above or below the place where the road ended?
______________________________
10 Why did the writer climb down from the peak? _____________________
______________________________
11 What was the weather like when he started eating his sandwiches?
_____________
12 What suddenly happened to the weather? __________________________
______________________________________________________

8
1.9 A Use the information you know about ‘A drive in the countryside’ to
answer these questions.

1 Why do you think the writer decided to go for a drive?

_______________________________________________________________
2 Why do you think he chose to drive into the hills and mountains?
_______________________________________________________________
3 Do you think the car went faster or slower as he drove on past the
river?
_______________________________________________________________
4 When the writer described the view from the mountain peak, did he
describe what was closer or further away from him first?
______________________________________________________________
5 How do you know he drank from the stream?
______________________________________________________________
6 Why did he leave the mountain before he finished eating?
______________________________________________________________

B Complete these sentences.

1 The opposite of left is ___________.
2 We use kilometres to measure ___________.
3 A farmer often uses a ___________ to break up the soil.
4 A mountain is ___________ than a hill.
5 If a number of streams meet or come together, they become a
_________.
6 Between two hills you will always find a __________.
7 A place where very little or nothing grows is called a ___________.
8 If the weather is __________, it is not easy to see where you are going.

9
 C Written descriptions should be organized with the reader in mind.
In the text on PB page 6, the writer started with things at a
distance. Another way is to start writing about things which are
nearby. Re-order this paragraph to make a description going
from near to far.
I sat in the car and looked around me. A little bit further away, to my
left, a man was waiting for a bus. In the distance were some hills, the
tops of them covered in mist. Just in front of me, a family of four were
having a picnic. Opposite him, to my right, three men were sitting,
drinking coffee. Further away, two women were walking down the road.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

1.10 A Make phrases with the adjectives in the correct order.

1 hair black/long/beautiful
____________________________________________________________________
2 table long/metal/green
____________________________________________________________________
3 house Yemen/amazing/300-year-old
____________________________________________________________________
4 man fat/English/heavy
____________________________________________________________________
5 boat dark green/wooden/lovely
____________________________________________________________________
6 trousers old/horrible/wool
____________________________________________________________________
7 child happy/Indian/eight-year-old
____________________________________________________________________
8 window glass/big/rectangular
____________________________________________________________________

10
 B Re-write these sentences to change the information focus.

1 He felt very happy looking at the wonderful view.

_________________________________________________________________________________
2 There were many boats on the water.
________________________________________________________________________________
3 After eating his dinner, he went to look his cows.
________________________________________________________________________________
4 In the distance were some high mountains.
________________________________________________________________________________
5 The cold, clear stream ran down the valley.
________________________________________________________________________________

C Join these sentences using the -ing form of the verb.

1 The birds followed the plough. They were looking for something to eat.
________________________________________________________________________________
2 The men felt happy. They were lying in the sun after work.
________________________________________________________________________________
3 Rashid swam in the sea near his house. He was enjoying the cool water.
________________________________________________________________________________

1.11 A Re-read the first paragraph on PB page 8 and write short answers
to these questions.

1 Why does Jane look out of the window every morning? __________________
______________________________________________________________
2 What was the weather like this time? _________________________________
3 Is the wood near to Jane's window? __________________________________
4 What do you find in a wood? ___________
5 How many cows could Jane see in the field? ___________________________
6 What was in the field next to the cows? _______________________________
7 What can Jane see which is not in the picture? _________________________
8 Why do you think Jane was suddenly hungry? _________________________
___________________________________________

11
 B Word work

1 What do you have at a window to stop people looking in? ____________

2 What is a wall of mist? ________________________________________
________________________
3 What do you think chewing the cud means? ______________________
4 What does the word suckle mean? _______________________________
5 Choose the closest in meaning to ‘cackling’:
a) sleeping b) making a noise c) running
6 A chicken’s claw is on its
a) tail b) head c) feet.
7 A chicken's beak is its
a) mouth b) feet c) wings.

1.12 A Write a description in your copybook.

1 Describe a scene you know. It could be the view from your classroom
window, from your house, or a favourite place that you are familiar with.

2 Remember to write your description in a particular order. You can

begin with what is in the distance and finish with what is closest to
you, or you can do it the other way around.

3 At the same time as you follow the pattern in 2, describe what is on

your right and on your left. It does not matter in which order you do this.

4 Includes descriptions of people, animals, cars, motor bikes, fields and

other things you can see or are likely to see.

5 Do not forget to describe the colours of things in the view.

12
 Unit 2
2.1 A Complete these sentences with suitable words from the box. They
are taken from PB page 9.

commence scruffy diligent artefacts recklessly

telescope painkillers hopeless darken unwell

1 In the market are many jewellers and potters, selling their _______________.
2 ‘Let the ceremony _____________!’ said the old man, and the music started.
3 If you want to get better marks, you must be more _____________.
4 The sailor put his ____________ to his eye and looked at the ships on the horizon.
5 I have a headache. Can I have some ______________, please?
6 Why doesn't he wear better clothes? He's quite rich, but he always looks _________.

B Work out the meaning of the underlined words. First, write what
kind of clue helps you.

1 ‘Too many crimes go unpunished,’ says Police Chief.

Clue: _____________________
Meaning: __________________
2 The firemen were exhausted after fighting the fire. ‘I'm extremely
tired,’ one said. ‘I just want to sleep.’
Clue: _____________________
Meaning: __________________
3 ‘Don't be silly. Try to behave in a sensible way,’ the teacher said.
Clue: _____________________
Meaning: __________________
4 We've just bought a microwave to save time cooking.
Clue: _____________________
Meaning: __________________
5 In his book, Hussein wrote about his many exploits, such as sailing
around the North Pole and flying in a balloon.
Clue: _____________________
Meaning: __________________

13
 6 Many trees and bushes are evergreens, that is to say they have leaves
all year round.
Clue: ___________________
Meaning: ____________________________________
7 Mona's writing is very easy to read because she writes very neatly.
Clue: ___________________
Meaning: ________________

2.2 A Write answers to the questions on PB page 10.

1 a) _____ b) _____ c) _____ d) _____ e) _______________ f) ______________

2 _____________________________________________
3 _________________________________________________________________________________
4 ____________________________
5 _________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6 ________________________________________________________________________
7 __________________________________________________

B In which articles do you think you will find the following

sentences? Write the headlines.

1 ‘I nearly died,’ the tourist said. ‘But I feel great now.’

________________________________
2 The couple met at Primary School.
________________________________
3 ‘It's frightening,’ he continued. ‘It's happening so quickly.’
________________________________
4 The ring-road is to be widened.
________________________________
5 It held back a 500m-long reservoir that contained 300 litres of water
________________________________
6 A man was later arrested for careless driving.
________________________________

14
 7 None of the 159 passengers and crew survived.
______________________________

C Find words or phrases in the text that mean the following:

1 fall down _____________ 2 start working _____________________________

3 the early part of a person's life ________________ 4 get back to normal health ____________
5 uncommon ______________ 6 watch carefully ___________

2.3 A You are going to hear three interviews connected with stories on
PB page 10. Write the headlines of the stories.

1 __________________
2 _____________________________________________
3 _________________________________________

B Listen again and answer these questions.

1 a) Where was the witness at the time of the accident?

___________________
b) Did the witness see the accident?
__________________________________
c) How many cars were there in the accident? _____________
d) How did you know it was very foggy?
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
e) How did the witness know that the passenger in the black car was hurt?
_____________________________
f) The witness thinks that the accident was the fault of the driver of
the yellow car. What does she think he was doing wrong?
_________________________________________________________________
g) Is she a good witness?
_________________________________________________________________

15
 2 a) How long was he in hospital? _________________
b) What was he doing when he collapsed?
_____________________________________________________________________
c) Why did he collapse?
_____________________________________________________________________
d) What had his wife said before they went walking?
_____________________________________________________________________
e) Who called the ambulance?
_____________________________________________________________________
f) What did the doctor say he needed?
_____________________________________________________________________
g) Do you think they have a good relationship? Why? Why not?
_____________________________________________________________________

3 a) Who is Robin Crow? _______________________

b) How long has he had this hobby? _______________________
c) Where does the black stork usually live?
_____________________________________________________________________
d) Why is it in Britain?
_____________________________________________________________________
e) When was the last time it was seen in Britain?
__________________________
f) How would you describe Robin Crow? ________________________________

C Choose one of the stories and use your answers to write a short
report in your copybook.

2.4 A These are words from the first text on PB page 11. Choose the
best meaning.

1 nightmare a) a bad night's sleep b) a frightening dream c) a pleasant dream

2 awful a) very long b) very bad c) very good
3 calm down a) talk more clearly b) stop being excited c) stop being sad

16
 A Answer these questions about Don's dream.

1 Who was in the fields? _________________________________________________

2 Who was driving the tractor? _______________
3 Who was holding a gun? __________________________
4 Why didn't they run away? ________________________________________
5 Which words or phrases tell you that the dream was unpleasant?
____________________________________________________________________

C These are words from the second text on PB page 11. Choose the
best meaning.

1 brilliant
a) very dark d) very cold c) very good
2 lost my hold on
a) could no longer hold b) held tighter c) pulled out

D Answer these questions about Debbie's dream.

1 What was she flying in at the beginning of her dream? ___________________

2 How did she fly over the mountains? ___________________________
3 How high did she fly? __________________________
4 Which words or phrases tell you that the dream was very pleasant?
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________

2.5 A Write the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1 My cousin (to be) __________ to be married next month.

2 When I (to wake up) _____________ yesterday, my mother (to work) _________________________
in the kitchen and my little brother (to play) ___________________ outside.
3 When we saw our father's new car (to come) _______________ along the road, we all
(to run) ___________ to meet him.
4 These apples (to buy) were ____________ yesterday, so they should be fresh.
5 At the wedding, the men (to dance) ___________________ outside, when it (to start)
_____________ to rain.

17
6 A new road (to build) _______________________ to the village soon and then it will be easier
to get to town.
7 Quick! Go and check in the kitchen! I can smell something (to burn) _________________.
8 The new hospital (to open) ________________ by the Prime Minister last week.

B Rewrite these sentences with the correct punctuation.

1 I heard somebody shouting don said

then I saw two men running towards us
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2 who were they Jim asked and what were they doing
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________

C Write these headlines as complete sentences.

1 Victim of Road Accident Dies

____________________________________________________________________
2 220 Dead in Air Crash: No Survivors
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3 Thick Fog to Clear by Afternoon, Then Sun
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4 New Cars Sign of Wealth
____________________________________________________________________

2.6 A Match the pictures and definitions on PB page 13.

Write the letters in the boxes.

1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8

18
 B Develop your vocabulary. Explain the underlined words.

1 The radio station was flooded with telephone calls.

2 Recently there has been a crime epidemic in the capital.
3 The news of the Princess's death spread around the country like a
forest fire.
4 In the mornings the headteacher rushes around the school like
a hurricane.

C Answer these questions using words from the box in your answers.

shortage molten sections

1 What happens if you heat metal to a very high temperature? _________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
2 How is an orange divided? ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3 You see long queues of cars at petrol stations. Why do you think this is? ______________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2.7 A What is each paragraph of the text on PB page 14 about? Write

the paragraph number next to each of these headings.

What is happening now

What happened during the storm
A summary of the disaster
More recent events

B Find the answers to these questions as quickly as you can.

1 What were the two main effects of the hurricane?
___________________________________________________________________
2 What two things caused the damage?
_______________________________________
3 Why can the rescue teams only do little for most of the people?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

19
 C Vocabulary.

Paragraph 1
1 Find a phrase that means since anybody can remember. ____________________________________
2 Find a word that means the opposite of town. _________________
3 Find a word that means having nowhere to live. __________________

Paragraph 2
Find these words and tick the best meaning.
4 tore a) pulled b) cooled c) destroyed
5 plantations a) land covered with cattle b) land planted with trees or crop
c) shops selling bananas
6 flattened a)broken b) blown down to the ground c) badly damaged
7 landslide a) flash flood b) earthquake c) earth slipping down a mountain
8 swept a) moved quickly b) covered c) moved very slowly

Paragraph3
9 Which sentence means the following: People could at last see how much had been
destroyed? _________________________________________________________

D What do these numbers refer to?

1 three-quarters _________________________________________________________
2 10,000 _______________________________________________
3 240 kph ______________________________________________
4 thousands ____________________________________________________________
____________________________
5 five metres __________________________________________________

E Talk about the disaster.

1 Describe the damage in the towns.
2 Describe the damage in the countryside.
3 ‘Crowds of people stood around silently.’ Why were they silent?
4 How do you think the people in the rescue teams felt?

20
2.8 A Listen and write the name of each disaster.

1 _________________ 2 _______________ 3 __________________

4 ______________________________ 5 ___________________

B The two people below are going to listen to the News on the radio.
Imagine you are one of them; your partner is the other one. Listen
to the headlines. Which item of news (the first, second or third)
will you be most interested in? Note it down.

1 Cliff Jones is 34. He lives in Cardiff. At the moment, he does not have
a job. He has worked in a car factory in the past.
_______________
2 John Trim is a businessman. He is about to fly to the Far East on a
business trip. He plans to visit Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
_______________

C Pupil 1: If you are Cliff Jones, listen and answer these questions.
Write notes.

1 When will Izuko start building their new car factory? _________________________
_________________________
2 Where exactly will it be built? ___________________________________________
3 When will the factory open? __________________________________
4 a) How many jobs will there be at first? _____________
b) After four years? _______________

Use your notes to answer this question.

Will Cliff ask for a job at this factory? Give a reason.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Pupil 2: If you are John Trim, listen and answer these questions.
Write notes.

1 Why did many people leave Manila yesterday? ______________________________

____________________________________________________________________
2 a) How many people have been killed in the north? ________________
b) Injured? _________________

21
 3 Why do you think that the number of deaths and injuries is so high?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4 How many homes have been destroyed? ________________________

Use your notes to answer this question.

Will John still go to Manila on business? Give a reason.

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

D Listen to the other news item and answer as many questions as

you can. Write notes.

1 Where have the remains of the Globe Theatre been found?

__________________________
2 How far underground are the remains? _______________
3 Which famous person acted in the Globe? ______________________
4 When was the theatre built? ___________
5 What destroyed the theatre in 1613? ____________
6 Do we know what shape the theatre was? _____________

2.9 A Read the notes below.

There are two types of question.

Wh- questions

Wh- questions start with a question word: who, where, which, what,
when, why, how.
We answer a Wh- question with a piece of information.
We usually say Wh- questions with falling intonation. ( )

22
 Yes/No questions
Yes/No questions start with the verb to be or an auxiliary verb.
Examples: Are you happy?
Do you want a cup of tea?
Can you tell me the time, please?
They produce the answer Yes or No.
We usually say Yes/No questions with rising intonation. ( )

Practise asking both types of question. Your voice rises or falls on

on word in the question. You will see ( ) or ( ) before the words
where this happens. Say each question.

1 Who's your best ( ) friend?

2 Where does your best friend ( ) live?
3 What does your best friend like ( ) doing?
4 Does your best friend like ( ) sailing?
5 Does your best friend live ( ) nearby?
6 Does your best friend have a ( ) boat?

B You are a reporter. You want to find information about someone for
your newspaper. Match the information (A to E) to the questions
(1 to 5), and write the correct letter in each box.

A His occupation
B His favourite hobby
C Frequency of visits to restaurants
D His age
E His address
1 Does he live in this village? ( )( )
2 Does he eat out often? ( )( )
3 How old is he? ( )( )
4 What does he do? ( )( )
5 What does he like doing best? ( )( )

Say the questions above. Does your voice rise or fall? Circle the
correct arrow.

23
 C Work in pairs. Interview your partner about his/her family and note
his/her answers in the table.

My Partner
Name:
Age:
Address:
Kind of house:
Father's name:
Father's occupation:
Mother's name:
Mother's occupation:
Number of brothers:
His/their occupation (s):
Number of sisters:
Her/their occupation (s):
Other information:

2.10 A Complete these sentences with the correct tense of the verb
in brackets.

1 Over the years there (to be) ________________ many disastrous volcanic
eruptions.
2 The worst (to take place) ______________________ in Krakatoa in 1883.
3 Over 36,000 people (to lose) ___________________ their lives.
4 A large passenger plane (to crash) _________________ in the mountains.
5 So far rescue teams (to find) ________________________ no survivors.
6 The plane (to take off) _________________ from London two days ago.
7 The pilot (to contact) _________________ Jeddah airport one hour.
before the plane (to crash) ________________.
8 Several people (to die) __________________ recently as a result of
traffic accidents.
9 Last Thursday two small children (to be) _____________ killed by
a speeding car.

24
 10 Only yesterday morning a lorry (to go) ________________ out of control
and (to drive) ____________ into a crowded market place, killing six
people and injuring over 20.

B Look at these sentences. Think about whether the second

sentence in each pair gives additional or necessary information.
Then join each pair to make single sentences.
1 The bus has had an accident. I come to school on it.
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
2 The Great Fire of London happened in 1666. Thousands of buildings
were destroyed in it.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3 The man has mysteriously disappeared. I was talking to him yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
4 The American earthquake killed over 25,000 people. I have to write
about it in the next lesson.
____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
5 The flood of 1953 is still the worst in living memory for the people of
The Netherlands. New dams were built after it.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

C Complete these sentences with a suitable adverb or adverbial phrase in answer

to the questions.

1 (When?) _______________________ (Where?) ________________ a terrible famine killed

thousands of people.
2 After the heavy rain, water rushed down the wadi (How?) _________________________ and
demolished tens of houses (Where?) _________________________.
3 During the drought (Where?) ________________ people queued (How?) ____________________
(How long?) ________________________ for just a litre of water.

25
4 (Where?) ___________________ (When?) ___________________ a forest fire destroyed
over 100 hectares of woodland in (How long?) __________________.

2.11 A Answer these questions as fast as you can.

1 How many newsflashes are there on the page? ______________

2 When did the first arrive? ________________
3 When did the most recent arrive? ___________________
4 At what times did these newsflashes arrive:
a) the one in which Spivak is first mentioned? ________________
b) the one about the risk of epidemic? ____________________
c) the one about Gorbachov? _______________
d) the one about an earlier earthquake? ________________
e) the one in which somebody said that tents and blankets
were needed? ______________
f) the one in which flats are mentioned? _______________

B Work with words.

1 Find words or phrases that mean the following:

a) finding the size of something _______________
b) system of units for describing the size of something _______________________
c) take responsibility for ______________________
d) trying to do something ______________
e) doing something without tools or equipment ____________________________
______________________________
f) every fifth ________________________
2 Find the names of two diseases.
_______________ ___________________

26
 3 Number these phrases in order of strength. Begin with the weakest.
considerable damage
total damage
serious damage
slight damage
great damage

4 The blocks of flats fell down like a pack of cards. What does this tell
you? Tick the correct answer.
a) They did not fall down but resisted the earthquake.
b) They all fell down one after the other.
c) Only a few fell down.
Find out what a pack of cards is.

C Answer these questions.

1 Which town was completely flattened? _________________

2 What is Leninakan? ________________________________
3 Where was the President when the earthquake hit? ___________________________
4 Why is there a risk of epidemic? _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2.12 A Look again at your answers to activity 2.7A and at the newspaper
report on PB page 14. Which tenses were used in each
paragraph?

Begin with the summary. ___________________________________

Describe the disaster itself. _____________________________________
Describe the effects of the disaster. ___________________________________________
Describe what is happening now. __________________________________________

B Imagine reports written with these different headlines. Think about

how each headline would make each report different.
- President to Return
- Thousands Homeless in Leninakan
- Epidemic Risk ‘Great’
- No Equipment for Rescue Workers

27
 C Write your own report. Choose one of the headlines from activity B
before you start.

. Include things that people actually said . Look at the texts on PB page
10 and study the punctuation used when writing down what people say.

. Think about which pictures you would use.

. Remember to check your report before you write it out neatly.

28
 Unit 3
3.1 A Say these words. The stressed syllables are underlined.

career require qualification

apply application applicant

attend advantage vacancy

B To ‘apply’ for a job means to ask for a job officially. Find other
words in the adverbs on PB page 17 fromed from this word.

_____________________________________________________________

C Find words that mean the following:

Underlined words
1 unfilled jobs _______________
2 managed ____________
3 amount of money as pay _____________
4 saying you can have ______________
5 ready, prepared _____________
6 something that puts you ahead of other people ____________
7 things that show you have had the right training __________________
8 what you have to do ________________

Other words
9 doing and finding out about something _________________
10 organization and office work _____________________
11 the world around us ______________________
12 knowing about _____________________
13 disabled people _______________________________
14 written permission to drive _______________________
15 help given to an injured person before the doctor comes _______________
16 the science of selling _______________

29
 D In your copybook, make phrases using the verbs in Box 1 and the
nouns in Box 2.

Box 1 - verbs Box 2 - nouns

apply for follow run send for position career office vacancy
offer require attend interview salary application form qualifications
receive interview applicant

E Now make sentences with these phrases.

Example:

follow/career. He followed a career in business.

3.2 A A reporter asks four people this question: ‘Do you think your job is
worthwhile?’ Listen and match the jobs and statements by writing
the letters in the answer boxes.

A teacher B fire-fighter C businessman D nurse

We also save people's houses and their places of work.

We work very long hours and they don't pay us much.
I help to build the future of the country.
People think we just make money for ourselves.

B Listen again and make notes of some of the other things the
speakers say to show that their jobs are worthwhile. Then
discuss these questions.

Do you agree that these jobs are worthwhile?

Which one do you think is the most worthwhile?
Is the job that you want to do worthwhile?

C Two women, Mary and Susan, meet while waiting to pick up their
children from a school swimming competition. Susan asks Mary a
lot of questions about her job. Listen to their conversation. What
does Mary answer to the questions? Write Yes or No.

1 Do you work in an office? ______

2 Do you work with other people? ______
3 Do you make something? ______
4 Do you give a service? ______
5 Are you anything to do with medicine ______
- doctors, hospitals, and so on? ______
6 Do you meet the public? ______
7 Do you work in a shop? ______

30
 8 Do you wear special clothing in your job?
Or a uniform? ______
9 And is your job dangerous? ______
10 You're a police officer. ______

D Listen again and answer these questions.

1 What does Susan do?

_______________________________________________
2 What will happen when Mary answers ‘No’ five times?
________________________________________________
3 What does Mary do?
________________________________________________
4 Does Susan think Mary's job is unusual? How do you know?
________________________________________________

3.3 A Read the descriptions of people on PB page 18 and fill in this table.

Ambition Best Interests/ Character

subjects activities
Patrick
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
Andrew
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
Clare
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
Diana
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
Justin
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
Fareeda
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________ ___________ ____________________ ____________________

31
 B Find words that mean the following:

1 to be liked by other people ______________________

2 works well, without wasting time or energy __________________
3 very, very good ____________________
4 spare-time interests ____________________
5 to organize and perform a play ____________________
6 to be successful in a test _________________

3.4 A Look at the conversation and phrases on PB page 19. Find words
or phrases that mean the following:

1 somebody who gives advice _____________

2 somebody in their last year at school _________________
3 I don't know _________________
4 very bad _________________
5 in the time just before now _____________________
6 that's all that I can think of ________________________
7 in your position (two phrases) __________________________________
___________________________________________
8 to refuse ____________________

B Answer these questions.

1 What does the school-leaver want to do after leaving school?

______________________________
2 What has he been thinking about?
__________________________________________________
3 Why doesn't he want to do the same job as his mother?
________________________________
4 Has he had any work experience? Where?
________________________________

3.5 A Read these sentences and underline the more suitable

form of the verb.

1 She has never visited/has never been visiting India in her life.

32
 2 Why haven't you tidied your room?
I have done/have been doing my homework.
3 We have known/have been knowing him for a long time.
4 Why haven't they arrived/haven't they been arriving?
5 I have gone/have been going out a lot recently. That's why I'm tired.
6 We have walked/have been walking for three hours now. Can we
stop for a rest?

B Write the verbs in brackets in the more suitable form of the

Present perfect.
1 Well done, Fareeda! You (to get) _____________________________________ much
better marks in the last two months.
2 The drought is terrible. It (to rain) ____________________________________ for the
last five years.
3 I (to be; never) ____________________________________ to Great Britain. I hope to
go one day.
4 In his life my father (to visit) _________________________________ many
different countries. He often tells us about them.
5 The manager (to listen) ___________________________________ to your new song
twice and, to be honest, he doesn't like it.
6 Tell Faisal to come and help. He (to listen) ___________________________________
to his cassettes for long enough now.
7 I (to know) _____________________________ my best friend for almost
fourteen years.
8 I (to work) __________________________________________ at the computer for ten
hours non-stop. It's no wonder my eyes hurt.

C In the sentence below, cross out the incorrect forms of the verbs.
Note that in some sentences both forms are correct.
1 Would you like staying/to stay at home or would you prefer going/to
go for a walk along the corniche?
2 I hate to work/working in the evenings so I start work/to work very
early in the morning.
3 I would hate being/to be in his shoes when his father starts to
look/looking at his homework.
4 Ali's father continues to live/living in the town although the rest of
the family would prefer living/to live in the country.

33
3.6 A Complete these sentences about jobs.

Example:

Somebody who manages projects is a project manager.

1 Somebody who builds houses is _________________________.
2 Somebody who makes furniture is ___________________________.
3 Somebody who drives buses is _________________________.
4 Somebody who plays football is ______________________________.
5 Somebody who has just left or is about to leave school is
________________________.
6 Somebody who grows coffee is _____________________________.
7 Somebody who tames lions is ____________________________.
8 Somebody who walks along tightropes is __________________________________.

Think about jobs 7 and 8. Where might you see people doing
these things?

B Write sentences like the one below using the words in brackets.

Example:

If you want to be a shopkeeper, you must be friendly. You must show friendliness.
1 (good student; diligent and conscientious)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2 (policeman; polite and confident)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3 (designer; able and computer literate)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

34
 C Use your own words to complete these sentences about the
qualities you need in the following jobs.

1 To be a good tourist guide you should be able to

______________________________, be willing to
______________________________ and be good at
______________________________.
2 To be a good teacher you should be able to
______________________________, be willing to
______________________________ and be good at
______________________________.
3 To be a good doctor you must be able to
_______________________________, be willing to
_______________________________ and be good at
_______________________________.

3.7 A Listen and underline the stressed syllables.

ambitious successful available selected inadequate

B Listen to the following questions related to job applications.

Underline the words or syllables where the voice falls or rises and
draw arrows ( or ) to show the direction.

1 What qualifications do I need?

2 What is the training like?
3 Is the job here, or do I have to leave home?

C Listen to some people talking about jobs. Answer these questions.

1 Which of these are you listening to? Tick your answer.

a) Job descriptions b) Job advertisements c) Job interviews
2 The people are talking about the following organizations. Number
them in the order you heard them.
Police World Aid Organization
Television company Gate-Restaurant
Zoo Sunrise Travel Agency

35
 D Listen again and fill in the table below. The first one has been
done for you.

M = Male F- Female

Vacancy M/F Quals. Age Contact

1 Teaching Both Good Health Under 20 P.O.Box 791
Work in clinic
2

E In your copybooks, use your notes from activity D to summarize

the advertisements like this:
The World Aid Organization has vacancies for ...
Applicants must ...
Applicants should ...

3.8 A Answer these questions about the advertisement on PB page 22.

1 What kind of work would applicants have to do in this job?

_____________________
2 Should a Primary School teacher apply for this job? Why? Why not?
_________________________________________________________________
3 Why should applicants have a driving license?
_________________________________________________________________
4 Should somebody who is 24 apply? Why? Why not?
_________________________________________________________________
5 Should applicants telephone to ask for an application? Why? Why not?
_________________________________________________________________

36
 6 Do you think that is a worthwhile job? Why? Why not?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

B Find other ways of saying the following:

1 somebody who has been to college or university
___________________________
2 In this job you have to help adults learn how to read and write better.
_______________________________________________________
3 It would be useful if the applicant could drive a car.
______________________________________________________
4 The applicant should be able to explain things to people clearly.
______________________________________________________
5 from 21 to 25 years old
____________________________
6 for the year
____________

C Answer these questions about the letters on PB page 22. Write

‘K’ for Kate or ‘T’ for Tim.
1 Who wrote first? _____
2 Who is younger? _____
3 Who has been working with adults longer? ______
4 Who has more experience of computers? ______
5 Who has been driving longer? ______
6 Who has the better-paid job at the moment? _____

Who do you think is the better applicant? Why?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

37
3.9 A With a partner, say the words.

Pupil A: Say one word from each of the pairs below.

Pupil B: Close your book. Write the word you hear in your copybook.
Pupil A: Check the six words in your partner’s copybook.
1 get gate 2 sell sail 3 tell tail
4 sheep ship 5 feet fit 6 scheme skim

Change roles.

Now say these words to each other.

ambitious successful available selected inadequate

B Ask these questions. Remember, your voice falls on this arrow ( )

and rises on this arrow ( ).

1 What will I have to ( ) do in this job?

2 What qualifications do I ( ) need?
3 What is the ( )training like?
4 Do I have to take an exami( ) nation?
5 Is the job ( ) here, or do I have to leave ( ) home?
6 What ( ) prospects are there?
7 When can I ( ) start?

C The Sunrise Travel Agency wants to employ a clerk. The employer

is interviewing an applicant for the job. Read all the sentences in
the interview below silently. Then make conversations.

Pupil A: Take the part of the applicant. Choose the first of each of the
things the applicant says.

Pupil B: Take the part of the employer. Listen to the applicant

carefully and choose a correct reply.

Applicant: What will I have to do in this job?

When can I start?
Employer: You must be available next week.
Help people book their holidays.

Applicant: What qualifications do I need?

What is the training like?

38
 Employer: You will learn how to book plane tickets and how to use a computer.
You don’t need any. We will teach you everything.

Applicant: Do I have to take an examination?

Is the job here, or do I have to leave home?

Employer: No. But we will look at your work after three months.
Later you will have the chance to work abroad.

Applicant: What prospects are there?

How much will I earn?

Employer: Initially you will get £800 a month.

Oh, this is a job with a future because more and more people
are going on holiday nowadays.

Change roles. The new applicant should choose the

second options.

Listen to the model conversations to check your own.

D Ask and answer questions about another job. One of you takes the
part of the applicant, the other the employer.

3.10 A Use the words in the boxes to complete these sentences. First
choose the correct preposition from Box A. Then choose a suitable
phrase from Box B. Use each phrase once only. Write any verb in
the correct form.

Box A Box B
to for in of a quick reply to show you some of my work
the job advertised to get a higher salary
animal care to work abroad the Far East
to shout at animals

1 I would like to apply _______________________.

2 I am very interested _____________________.
3 I have had 3 years’ training ___________________.
4 Like you, I do not believe ________________________.
5 I speak fluent Chinese and Japanese because I have had a lot of
experience ________________________.
6 I would be very happy to have the chance ____________________
_____________________

39
 7 I am also looking forward ___________________________________________
8 I would be grateful _____________________________.

B Look at the pairs of sentences below. Decide whether the

connections between them is one of addition or consequence.

1 He was lazy and could not speak a foreign language.

He was not given the job in the Ministry.
2 Ali applied for a lot of jobs in Sana’a.
He applied for a lot of positions abroad.
3 Fatma is diligent and computer literate.
She has excellent communication skills.
She is brilliant at dealing with problems.
4 Mahmoud always got good marks in Science.
He wanted to become a doctor.

C Join the pairs of sentences in as many ways as you can.

3.11 A Look at PB page 24. Match the numbers and letters.

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10

B Find words on PB page 24 that mean the following:

1 design (of a text) _____________

2 business-like, not friendly _____________
3 the name of the first words used when meeting or writing to someone
______________
4 a way of talking politely to a man ____________
5 a way of talking politely to a woman ____________
6 one phrase to end a letter __________________________

Look at the letters on PB page 22 to check your answers.

3.12 A Write a letter of application in response to the advertisement on

PB page 24.

40
 Unit 4
4.1 A Look at PB page 25. Match the words and the pictures.
A B C D E F G H
I J K L M N O P

B Fill in the gaps in these sentences. Choose the right word from
the box.

boil grill grate squeeze peel knife

1 You have to _____________ a mango before you can eat it.

2 When you _______________ cheese, you get long, thin pieces.
3 You need a _______________ to chop vegetables.
4 You have to ______________ water before you can make tea.
5 To ______________ meat, you place it under the heat.
6 When you _____________ an orange, you get orange juice.

4.2 A A flow chart is a simple way of showing information. Look at the

text and flow chart below, both showing how to cook a hard-boiled
egg. Compare how they give the instructions.

First put some water in a pan. Next put the egg in the water. Heat the
water until it is boiling. Then boil for seven minutes. After that, take
the egg out of the water.

PUT WATER IN PAN

PUT EGG IN WATER

HEAT WATER UNTIL BOILING

BOIL 7 MINUTES

TAKE EGG OUT

41
 B Complete the flow chart using the information in the text.
First choose which programme you want to record. Next put a
cassette in the video. Then choose the correct TV channel. After that,
check the time the programme begins. Then set the timer on the
video. Finally, push the record button.

C The flow chart below tells you how to plant a small tree. Use the
information to write a paragraph in your copybooks. Don’t forget to
use sequence words like first, next, then, after that and finally.
You can use some of them more than once.

DIG HOLE

MIX FERTILISER WITH SOIL FROM HOLE

PUT WATER IN HOLE

PUT TREE IN

PUT SOIL BACK

PUSH SOIL DOWN

42
4.3 A Read PB page 26 and write short answers to these questions.

1 What are ingredients? _________________________________

2 When does James’ mother prepare her ingredients?_____________________
______________________
3 What does she do to the tomatoes? __________________________________
4 What does she do to the cloves of garlic? _____________________________
5 How many spices does she use? _____________
6 What does she fry the ingredients in? ______________
7 Which ingredients go in first? ________________________
8 What goes in next? _________________
9 The word ‘simmer’ means
a) fry b) boil gently c) grill.
10 For how long does she fry the pieces of fish? _________________________
_____________________
B Look at these sentences and guess the meaning of heat, melt
and stir.
1 When you heat ice, it melts and changes to water.
2 When you heat food quickly, you should stir it to stop it burning. You
can stir the food with a wooden spoon.

C Use the flow chart to tell your partner how to cook scrambled eggs.

Ingredients: eggs (3 for each person), butter, milk, salt and pepper.

HEAT PAN

MELT BUTTER

ADD MILK

BREAK EGGS INTO PAN

COOK FOR 5/6 MINUTES

STIR EGGS

ADD SALT AND PEPPER

43
4.4 A Use the information on PB page 27 to fill in this table. The first
part has been done for you as an example.

Zone 1 2 3 4 5
Height 0 to 300
in metres
Climate tropical
Vegetation dates
cotton
vegetables
grain

B Discuss with your partner similar information about Southern

Yemen. Think about these things:

. the name of one or more of the zones

. the climate
. the vegetation

C Use the information you have discussed to write five sentences in

your copybook about Southern Yemen.

4.5 A Look at the table you completed in the last lesson. Use the
information to test your partner. Ask questions like these:

How high are the Eastern mountain slopes?

Where does cotton grow?
Where will you find a subtropical climate?

B Make conversations. Listen to what your partner says and choose

the right thing to say.

Pupil A - You begin.

1 Can you cook?

3 Would you like to learn?
Who taught you?
5 What do you cook?
Why not?
7 What do you do if you’re by yourself?
What’s your favourite?
9 Do you catch your own fish?
You can’t go every day.

44
 Pupil B - Your partner begins.

2 Yes, I can.
No, I can’t.
4 No, not really.
My aunt.
6 I don’t have to.
Lots of things. Fish, lamb, rice, vegetables.
8 I go to a restaurant.
Fish. I love fish.
10 No. I haven’t got a boat.
Why not?

C Prepare some notes in your copybooks on the zone you live in. Be
ready to tell the rest of the class about it if you are asked.

4.6 A Give instructions for making coffee. Use sequence words

and phrases.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

B Your supervisor is telling you how to make the sauce for frozen
pizzas produced at your factory. You are going to write the
process in an instruction manual. Use the Present passive, as
your focus is on the ingredients.

First you fry the onions

and garlic.
Then you add the First the onions and garlic are fried. Then ...
spices.
Next you add the
tomatoes.
After that, you cover
the mixture.
Finally you simmer for
fifteen minutes.

45
 C Re-write your instructions for making coffee in the same way.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

D Put each verb in brackets into the correct tense.

Example:

While the mixture is boiling (boil) gently, you fry (fry) the pieces of fish.
1 While you ______________ ( wait) for the water to boil, you
_________ (put) the coffee in the pot.
2 While the oven ___________(heat) up, you ____________________ (prepare)
the ingredients.
3 You ___________ (make) the sauce while the food _________________ (cook).
4 You ___________ (stir) the soup while it _____________________ (simmer).

4.7 A Number the main points of the text in order.

Making compound words

Using prefixes and suffixes
Taking words from other languages
Changing parts of speech

B Read the text carefully and find:

Paragraphs 1 and 2: six languages _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
ten borrowed words ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3: three prefixes two suffixes
_____________________ ___________________
_____________________ ___________________
_____________________ ___________________

46
 Paragraph 5: a noun which can be a verb _________________
an adjective which can be a noun ________________
a preposition which can be a verb ___________________

C Find and underline the prefixes and suffixes in these words.

reporter unusual
enjoyment retake
impolite unbelievable

D Which of the following words are compounds? Circle them.

beautiful armchair rename housework magnificent

E Look at the word in italics in each sentence below. Is it a

verb or a noun?

a) Sharp knives can cut you. __________

b) The cut on his arm was bleeding badly. __________
c) Ali decided to go for a ride on his bicycle. _________
d) The horse was too wild to ride. __________
e) You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink. _________
f) I’d like a soft drink, please. ________

F Complete the tables below.

Verb Noun Noun Adjective

greet electricity
move shady
collection necessity
advertise dirt
enjoyment care
explanation successful
discovery darkness
suggest long

47
4.8 A Look at the text on PB page 30 and write short answers to
these questions.

1 What was Aisha interested in? ______________________________

2 What did she know about diving? _____________________________________
_____________________________________
3 What did this make her believe? ______________________________________
_____________________________________
4 How many things did she need to do her experiment? _______________
5 Why did she make holes in the plastic bottle? ____________________________
_____________________________________
6 Where was the longest jet of water? ___________________________________
7 Was Aisha’s hypothesis correct? _____________

B Read this short text. Then fill in the sheet below.

Galileo was a scientist. One of his experiments is very famous. It was

an investigation into the speed of falling objects. He believed that the
heavier an object was, the quicker it would fall. In 1584 he climbed to
the top of the Tower of Pisa, carrying two metal balls. One ball was
heavier than the other. He dropped the two balls at the same time and
both balls hit the ground together.

Name: ______________________________________________________________
Date: ______________________________________________________________
TITLE: ______________________________________________________________
HYPOTHESIS: ______________________________________________________________
MATERIALS: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
PROCEDURE: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
DATA: ______________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

48
4.9 A Here is some information about another experiment. Write each
piece of information in the correct place in the table.
. Put the toy boat in the jug ...
. 13.12.1999
. A large jug, a bowl, a small toy boat, a pair of scales, some stones.
. Aisha Yousif
. An investigation into water displacement.
. Floating objects displace their own weight in water.
. The data confirms the hypothesis.
. When the stones were put in the boat, some water from the jug
overflowed into the bowl.
. When you get into the bath, the level of the water rises.
. Why do metal ships float?

Name: Aisha Yousif

Date:
TITLE:
QUESTION:
RESEARCH:
HYPOTHESIS:
MATERIALS:
PROCEDURE:
DATA:
CONCLUSION:

B Here is the procedure in full. Number the sentences in a logical order.

Put the jug in the bowl.

Fill the jug with water right up to the top.
Fill the toy boat with stones.
1 Put the toy boat in the jug.
Take the jug out of the bowl.
Weigh the bowl with the water.
Empty the water out and weigh the bowl again.
Weigh the stones.

49
 C In your copybooks, draw and label a diagram of the experiment.

D Here is the data from the experiment. Complete the information

with a suitable word in each space.

When the stones __________ put in the boat, some water from the
_________ overflowed into the __________. The bowl ___________
50 grams with the water and 40 grams without, ________ the water
weighed 10 grams. The stones also weighed 10 __________.

E Listen to the conversation and tick the correct boxes.

1 Ahmed did the experiment

a) to prove Galileo’s hypothesis
b) to disprove Galileo’s hypothesis
c) because he had to.
2 He used
a) two metal balls b) an orange ball and paper
c) an orange and a paper ball.
3 Saleh agreed with Ahmed that to prove Galileo’s hypothesis
a) the objects should be the same weight
b) the objects should be different weights
c) the size and weight do not matter.
4 When the paper ball hit the ground he knew he would not
a) see it b) hear it c) know it.
5 To help him, he got his
a) brother b) cousin c) sister.
6 As the balls fell, she
a) watched b) listened c) shouted to Ahmed.
7 The paper ball hit the ground
a) at the same time as the orange b) after the orange
c) before the orange.
8 Which of the following did Saleh conclude was not quite right?
a) the hypothesis b) the procedure c) the materials

50
4.10 A Write sentences using have or get. Use the correct tense.

1 You need somebody to help you with your homework. (have)

Have somebody ___________________________________________________
2 You need the garage to fix your car. (get)
________________________________________________________________
3 You need your daughter to do your shopping for you. (have)
________________________________________________________________
4 You need advice about your career. (get)
________________________________________________________________

B Write these sentences in another way.

1 If a fish gets hungry, it will be easier to catch.

________________________________________________________________
2 If food gets cheaper, you can buy more.
________________________________________________________________
3 If you read well, you will enjoy reading more.
________________________________________________________________
4 If it gets colder, you’ll need warmer clothes.
________________________________________________________________

C Each of the words below can be a noun or a verb. Write one

sentence of each part of speech.

Example:
1 heat If you heat metal, it expands. I don’t like heat.
2 fish _________________________________________________________________
3 cut _________________________________________________________________
4 saw _________________________________________________________________
5 milk _________________________________________________________________
6 fly _________________________________________________________________

51
 D Read the pairs of sentences.

1 What part of speech is the word in italics in each sentence?

a) I like chocolate and so does my brother. ( ____________ ) He is like me
in many ways. ( __________ )
b) Since he’s late, let’s start without him. ( _____________ ) We have been
waiting for him since 10 o’clock. ( _____________ ).
c) My sister is well and I am as well. ( ____________ ) ( ______________ )
d) I left the town and turned left at the first junction. ( _______________ )
( _____________ )
2 Think of another word or phrases for the word in italics in each case.

4.11 A Read the text on PB page 32. Find words or expressions that are
the opposite of those below.

1 sell _______ 2 taken from _________ 3 a few _________

4 more and more _____________________ 5 slowly ______________
6 departure from ___________________ 7 freezing _____________
8 fresh water ____________________________

B Re-read the text and write short answers to these questions.

1 How long after harvesting are frozen peas processed? _____________________

2 What happens to the peas that are sent to market? ________________________
_____________________
3 What happens to the harder peas at the processing factory? _________________
__________________________
4 What are used to clean the peas when they arrive? ________________
5 What do you call a place where large amounts of frozen food are kept?
________________________
6 What kind of trucks are used to transport frozen food?
________________________________

52
 C Look at the expressions in the box below. Use them to fill in the
flow chart in the correct order.

pass through brine wash again blanch quick-freeze

choose peas clean by fans cool wash

4.12 A Read this short text about olives. Then look at the flow chart on
the next page describing the process of producing stuffed olives
for sale in the shops.

Olives are small black or green fruit. In the middle of an olive is a

seed called a ‘stone’. Sometimes the stones are taken out and red
pepper paste is put into the holes that are left. This is called
‘stuffing’ the olive.

53
 HARVEST OLIVES

SEND TO FACTORY

SOAK IN CAUSTIC SODA

WASH

COVER WITH BRINE

ADD LACTIC ACID

PLACE ON MOVING BELT

REMOVE STONES

STUFF OLIVES

PACK IN JARS

SEND TO SHOPS

Match each of these words from the flow chart with its meaning.

1 harvest a) long thin strip of rubber

2 soak b) put
3 place c) put in liquid for a long period of time
4 belt d) put in tightly
5 remove e) small glass bottles
6 pack f) take from the trees
7 jars g) take out

B Use the information in the flow chart to write a description of the

process. Use the Present passive. Do not forget to use sequence
words and phrases.

54
 Unit 5
5.1 A Look at PB page 33. Write the words next to the correct numbers.

1 __________________________________
2 __________________________________
3 __________________________________
4 __________________________________
5 __________________________________
6 __________________________________
7 __________________________________
8 __________________________________
9 __________________________________
10 __________________________________
11 __________________________________
12 __________________________________
13 __________________________________
14 __________________________________

B Mark the sentences on PB page 33 true or false. Write T or F.

A B C D E F G H I

C Correct the six false sentences.

1 _________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
3 _________________________________________________________________
4 _________________________________________________________________
5 _________________________________________________________________
6 _________________________________________________________________

55
 D Put the words in the box below into sets.

4-wheel-drive accelerator airport democracy desertification

erosion forestation helicopter hill ignition key monarchy
parliament petrol plain plane president republic
steering-wheel to land to take off

Cars Politics
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________

Flying Environment
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________

5.2 A Complete these sentences about the objects.

1 Object 1 must be a ________________________. I'm absolutely sure.

2 Object 2 ______________ be a shower. I'm not sure.
3 I thought Object 3 was a _______________________ and I was right.
4 Object 4 _____________ be a ___________________. It's obvious.
5 Object 5 ______________ be a pair of glasses, but it is difficult to see.
6 Object 6 ______________ be a _______________. Anyone can see that.

B Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb

in brackets.

1 If there (be) ___________ no more rain in Yemen, many people (die) ______________________ of
thirst.
2 If all the planes (stop) __________________ flying, hotels (have) _______________________ fewer
customers.

56
3 If all the plants (stop) _________________ growing, birds (make) ___________________________
their nests on the ground.
4 If there (be) __________ no more electricity, we have (have to) ________________ to use oil lamps.

C Write two sentences of your own.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5.3 A Listen and write the names of the places.

Where are they?

1 _______________________________________
2 _______________________________________
3 _______________________________________
4 _______________________________________
5 _______________________________________
6 _______________________________________
7 _______________________________________
8 _______________________________________

B Listen to a woman talking about a special day in her life. Are the
statements below true or false? Write T or F.

1 Elizabeth became Queen on 2nd June, 1953.

2 The ceremony was in London.
3 Other kings and queens were at the ceremony.
4 The Queen rode through London in a white coach.
5 The soldiers were wearing swords.
6 People had waited along time to see the Queen.
7 The Queen got wet.
8 The speaker was at the ceremony.
9 The speaker lived in London.
10 The speaker got a present.
11 There was a picture of the King on the present.
12 The speaker liked the music best.

57
 C Listen again and correct the false sentences.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

D Some answers are not given directly. Listen again carefully and
think about the information. Then write short answers to these
questions.

1 How long was Elizabeth Queen before she was crowned?

_________________________
2 What could the Queen hear as she rode through London?
____________________________
3 How do you know that a lot of people were interested in seeing the
Queen ride past?
__________________________________________________________________
4 Do you think the speaker got wet?
_____________________________________________
5 Do you think she saw the ceremony in colour or in black and white?
__________________________________________________________________
6 How old is the speaker now?
____________
7 What is the name of the ceremony at which a king or queen is crowned?
___________________

58
5.4 A Complete these sentences with suitable words.

What is it?

1 It ____________ be an elephant but it ____________ be a cigarette or a cup

of coffee. It _____________ also be __________________________.
2 It ___________ be a boat but it ____________ be a bottle or a piece of wood.
It ___________ also be ______________________________.

Where are they?

1 He __________ be in a rowing boat, but he ____________ be in a motor
boat. He ______________ also be on a __________________________.
2 He or she ____________ be in a shop, but they __________ be in a
classroom or a meeting hall. They _____________ also be in a ____________
_______________.

B Complete these sentences with suitable words.

Who says the following in their job?

1 Number 1 ___________ be a doctor. He or she __________ be _____________

________________________.
2 Number 2 ____________ be a policeman. He or she ___________ be ________
_____________________.
3 Number 3 _____________ be a cook. He or she _________ be _____________
______________________.
4 Number 4 ___________ be a nurse. He or she __________ be ______________.
5 Number 5 ___________ be a zoo-keeper. He or she ________ be ____________.

What objects might say something like this?

1 Number I must ____________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________
3 _________________________________________________________________
4 _________________________________________________________________
5 _________________________________________________________________

59
 C Discuss these questions.

What do this people feel? Why?

1 What might he be waiting for? What could have happened? How would
you feel if you were in his shoes?
2 What could she have heard? What might have happened?

D Find words or phrases that mean the following:

1 look very carefully at ___________________________________

2 stay ______________
3 hit with your foot ___________
4 puzzle _______________
5 walk with slow, regular steps _____________
6 talk in a friendly way about non-important things ___________

5.5 A Re-write the underlined sentences using suitable modal verbs.

1 I am absolutely certain that you are Khaled's brother. He has told us

so much about you.
___________________________________
2 If I lived in the town, I would be able to visit my friends more often.
_____________________________________________
3 It is possible that I am wrong. I'm not sure.
__________________________________
4 It is impossible that it is so late. We've only just started.
__________________________
5 I do not have the ability to see without glasses.
_____________________________
6 You are not allowed to speak in a public library.
____________________________________________________________
7 Yesterday was Monday, so I'm sure that today is Tuesday.
_________________________________________________________________
8 I wish that I had the ability to fly like a bird.
_________________________________

60
 9 It is possible that it will rain tomorrow. I'm not sure.
_________________________________________________________________
10 It is absolutely impossible that you are Khaleds’ brother. You're
nothing like him.
_____________________________________

B Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

1 When Ali saw the teacher (come) ___________________ along the corridor, he
ran back into the classroom.
2 In the mornings, after prayer, I always watch the sun (rise) __________________
above the mountains and then have breakfast.
3 One day last year I saw a plane (crash) ___________________ into the ground
and even from a distance of ten kilometres I could hear the petrol
(explode) ________________.
4 Eye-witnesses felt the ground (shake) ___________________ beneath their feet
and saw blocks of flats (collapse) _______________ like packs of cards.
5 In the terrible famine in Africa you could see people (die) __________________
of hunger in the streets and hear people (cry) _______________ in pain.

5.6 A Read the story on PB page 37 as quickly as you can. Are the
following sentences true or false? Write T or F.

1 The Mary Celeste was found on December 5th, 1872.

2 Captain Morehouse was the captain of the Mary Celeste.
3 The Mary Celeste was found in the Pacific Ocean.
4 She did not answer the Dei Gratia's signals.
5 Captain Morehouse could see some people on the deck.
6 The Captain and two sailors rowed across to the other ship.
7 There was nobody on the ship.
8 All the cabins were untidy.
9 They did not find anything unusual.
10 After some enquiries, the mystery was solved.

61
 B Answer these questions.

1 What were the sailing conditions like on the morning of December 5th, 1872?
________________________________________________________________________________
2 How do you know that Morehouse still could not see the other ship clearly two hours
after the sailor had seen her?
________________________________________________________________________________
3 What was strange about the ship Morehouse saw?
________________________________________________________________________________
4 What did Morehouse order a sailor to do?
________________________________________________________________________________
5 How did Morehouse know that the Mary Celeste was steering herself?
________________________________________________________________________________
6 Who went abroad the Mary Celeste?
________________________________________________________________________________
7 a) What food did they find?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
b) What did this tell Morehouse?
________________________________________________________________________________
8 a) What valuable things were on the ship?
________________________________________________________________________________
b) What did this tell Morehouse?
________________________________________________________________________________
9 a) What made Morehouse think that the crew of the Mary Celeste may have killed the captain?
________________________________________________________________________________
b) What made it unlikely that the crew had done this?
________________________________________________________________________________
10 What other mysterious thing did they see?
________________________________________________________________________________

62
 C Find words that mean the following:

1 journey at sea _____________

2 something impossible to explain ________________
3 how clearly things can be seen _________________
4 away from each other _________
5 saw ___________
6 see something ______________
7 without people _______________
8 he felt very frightened ____________________
9 sudden fear ____________
10 coloured ___________
11 sailors refused to obey their captain's orders ____________
12 sailing uncontrolled ________________

5.7 A Link these suggestions and the reasons to make sentences.

Suggestions

The sailors must have mutinied ...

The sailors cannot have mutinied ...

Reasons
... because the Captain found a blood-stained sword.
... because there was no sign of trouble.
... because the boats were still hanging in their correct places.
... because all the gold and jewellery were still on the boat.
... because sailors often disobeyed their captain.

B Look again at the explanations on PB page 38. Discuss your

reasons for delivering or not believing any of the explanations.

Here are some facts to help you.

- The captain wrote nothing in the ship's diary. Everything was tidy.
- There was a half-eaten meal on the table.
- Nobody had taken the gold.
- There was no damage.

63
 Talk about them like this:

- The captain would have written something in the ship's diary.

- Everything would have been untidy.
- Nobody would have left a meal half-eaten.
- Somebody would have taken the gold.
- There would have been some damage.

C Which explanation do you think is best? Write four sentences

to explain why.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5.8 A Listen to the story of the Mary Celeste as told by a man called
'Fosdyke', and tick the correct boxes.

1 He is speaking in the year 1872.

He is speaking in the year 1912.
2 There were 12 people on the ship.
There were 8 people on the ship.
3 Most of the sailors were washing the deck.
All the sailors were washing the deck.
4 The Captain had his breakfast before the sailors.
The Captain had his breakfast after the sailors.
5 The Captain's wife was at the sewing-machine.
The Captain's daughter was at the sewing-machine.
6 The platform at the bow of the ship was for Fosdyke.
The platform of the bow of the ship was for the Captain's daughter.
7 One of the sailors tried to swim around the ship.
The Captain tried to swim around the ship.
8 Everybody climbed onto the platform to watch the sailor.
Everybody climbed onto the platform to jump into the sea.
9 The man in the water screamed when another sailor jumped in.
The man in the water screamed when sharks attacked and killed him.

64
 10 Everybody fell into the sea when the platform broke.
everybody jumped off the platform to help the men in the sea.
11 Fosdyke climbed back on the Mary Celeste.
The Mary Celeste sailed on with nobody abroad.
12 Nobody on the small island believe Fosdyke.
Nobody in England believed Fosdyke.

B When Fosdyke got back to England, he was asked a lot of questions.

Below are some of the answers he gave. Write the questions.
1 __________________________________________________________________
Only myself. I was the only passenger.
2 __________________________________________________________________
He built it at the bow of the ship.
3 _________________________________________________________________
He said: ‘I can swim around the ship with my clothes on.’
4 __________________________________________________________________
Yes. He climbed onto the platform with his wife.
5 __________________________________________________________________
Some were attacked by sharks and others drowned.
6 __________________________________________________________________
I held onto a piece of wood and swam there.

5.9 A Use a modal verb to complete these sentences.

1 It _________________ rained last night. The roads are wet.

2 I __________________ passed the exam. I don't know yet.
3 I __________________ put enough salt in this soup. It's tasteless.
4 The crew __________________ been eaten by a monster because there
is no sign of panic.
5 The earthquake _________________ been very strong because nearly
all the buildings collapsed.
6 Pirates _________________ attacked the ship. It's difficult to say.

65
 B Report what these people say using the verb in brackets. Look at
the example.

Example:

'Left turn!’ the officer said to his men. (order)

The officer ordered his men to turn left.
1 ‘Help me with the washing up,’ my mother asked. (ask)
_________________________________________________________________
2 ‘Learn ten new words for a test,’ said our teacher. (want)
________________________________________________________________
3 ‘Row faster!’ Captain Morehouse ordered his crew. (order)
________________________________________________________________
4 ‘Please bring a glass of water,’ I said to the waiter. (ask)
________________________________________________________________

Write your own sentences.

What do you want your best friend to do for you?

_________________________________________________________________
What do you want your parents to do for you?
_________________________________________________________________
What do you want your teacher to do for you?
_________________________________________________________________

C Use the correct reflexive pronouns.

1 There's no need to help. We can take care of ___________________.

2 Come in, please, and sit down. You are both most welcome. Make
_______________ at home.
3 My sister hurt ______________ playing volleyball yesterday.
4 You never listen to me. I may as well talk to __________________________
5 All the passengers on the ship to throw __________________________________
into the sea.
6 Ahmed! What have you been doing? Go and wash ________________________

66
5.10 A Identify everything in the picture and say what is unusual.
Write notes, e.g. Car swerved onto pavement.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

67
 B Work out possible answers to the questions below.

1 Why did the cat jump onto the wall?

_________________________________________________________________________________
2 Why did the car drive onto the pavement?
________________________________________________________________________________
3 Why is the man hanging from the tree?
________________________________________________________________________________
4 Why did the ladder fall down?
________________________________________________________________________________
5 What happened to the boy?
________________________________________________________________________________
6 How did the bottle get broken?
________________________________________________________________________________
7 Why is the table in the middle of the road?
________________________________________________________________________________
8 Why is the saw lying on the bonnet of the car?
________________________________________________________________________________

C Work out the order in which you think things happened.

D What conclusion do you come to? Discuss with your partner what
must have happened.

5.11 A Here is the first part of the story. Look at the pictures and correct
the sentences.

1 One afternoon, Tim and Hamad were flying to Rig 10 when Hamad
saw something in the air.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2 ‘Look! Over there!’ he whispered.
_________________________________________________________________
3 It was a red car with its doors closed.
_________________________________________________________________.

68
 4 Tim landed the helicopter on the car.
_________________________________________________________________
5 Tim walked over to the car, got in and turned on the radio.
_________________________________________________________________
6 ‘They still had plenty of petrol,’ Hamad said.
_________________________________________________________________
7 Hamad opened the bonnet and took out a bottle of water.
_________________________________________________________________
8 ‘Some problem with the water,’ he said.
_________________________________________________________________
9 Hamad pointed at three sets of footprints leading to the car.
__________________________________________________________________
10 ‘The nearest town is 25 kilometres away,’ he said. ‘Come on.’
__________________________________________________________________
11 They climbed back into the helicopter and drove off.
__________________________________________________________________
12 They followed the tracks for several kilometres and then separated.
__________________________________________________________________

B In the next lesson you are going to write the end of the story. The
first step is to decide what information to include. Make up
answers to the questions below to get started.

1 Who were the people in the car?

First person Second person

Name
Age
Occupation
Description

2 Where were the people going?

3 What happened to the car?
4 Why did they leave the car?

69
 5 Why did they separate?
6 Did Hamad and Tim find one or both of them? How? Where?

C How are you going to tell the story? Choose one of the ways below.

1 Hamad and Tim find one of the people. He/she tells them what
happened. They all go in the helicopter to find the other person.

2 The scene changes from Hamad to one of the people. The narrator
explains what happened. Hamad and Tim arrive to rescue the person.
They all go in the helicopter to find the other person.

5.12 A Look at the pictures on PB page 40 and re-tell the first part of the
story in pairs.

B Look back at your notes for the ending of the story. Tell your
partner how the story ends. Ask and answer questions about any
part you do not understand.

C Write the ending of the story.

Remember:
. Write your story in draft, check it, improve it, and then write it again.
. Use the correct punctuation when writing out speech.
. Vary the position of adverbs and adverbial phrases.
. Use as many adjectives as you can to make the story more interesting.

70
 Unit 6
6.1 A Read the two newspaper stories on PB page 41 and write short
answers to these questions.

1 When did each incident happen? ______________

2 Which emergency services came to each emergency? ______________________
________________________________________________________________
3 What do you know about the people who were helped? ____________________
________________________________________________________________
4 Which of them were injured and how badly? _____________________________
________________________________________________________________
5 What do you know about the people who helped them? ____________________
________________________________________________________________

B Networks can help you collect and learn vocabulary. Add words from
the newspaper stories to this network. Add other words you know.

paramedics

person/people vehicle (s) place (s)

medical services

person/people

EMERGENCY
vehicle (s) fire engine
SERVICES

place (s)
police force

person/people vehicle (s) place (s)

police station

71
6.2 A A reporter interviewed all the people in the accident shown on PB
page 42. Read the conversation below and decide who he was
interviewing.

The conversation was between the officer and

a) the truck driver
b) the car driver
c) the motorbike rider.
Say how you know.
Reporter: Well, I've heard the other people's stories. Now I'd really like to hear
yours. ___________________________
Man: Well, I was coming to the end of the tunnel, out into the sun. It was so
bright. ___________________________
Reporter: Go on. ________________________________________
Man: Well, then I saw the bend to the right, and the next thing, just
on the bend, I saw rocks on the road - a rock-fall. I had to move out
fast into the middle of the road. ______________________________

Reporter: Didn't you look in your mirror first? ____________________________________

Man: No, there was no time. And next I saw the truck, coming round
the bend.
Reporter: And didn't you hear the car?
Man: Yes, just then. It was trying to get past me. But there was no room.
I heard his brakes scream, just as I pulled to the right, off the road,
just after the rocks.

Reporter: OK, so then...

Man: Well, the rest happened in a second. The two of them hit each other,
and the fire started. That's all. That's what happened. _______________________
_____________________________

B When telling/listening to a story, people often do the things set

out below. Listen and label the conversation above to show what
the speaker is doing in each case.
Ask a question Ask the speaker to continue Finish the story
Set the scene Show interest Tell the story

72
 C Work with a partner and practise the conversation together.

D Talk about another lucky escape - something that happened to

you or somebody you know. Take turns as speaker and listener.
Use ideas from activities A and B. Use these questions to guide
your story.

1 Who did this happen to, and when?

2 What was happening at the time?
3 Then what happened?
4 What was it like, and how did it feel?
5 What happened after that?

6.3 A Find words in the text that mean the following:

1 moving very quickly up and down, or from side to side ____________________

2 not thinking or moving, often after an injury ________________
3 hurt by bees ______________
4 part of the body just above the hand ___________
5 beating of blood through the body ___________
6 making a deep sound because of pain ___________
7 drove very fast ___________

B Write down who thought or said these things, and when.

Example:
I really enjoy helping Dad like this with his work.
Anwar thought this when they were checking the beehives.

1 He's a good worker. He'll look after the farm well one day.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2 Aah! Help! The pain!
________________________________________________________________________________
3 Faster! He looks terrible!
________________________________________________________________________________
4 Now bring Fuad back to see me at the clinic next Monday.
________________________________________________________________________________
5 I'm so glad there's not much wrong with him.
________________________________________________________________________________

73
6 What's this? Another patient?
________________________________________________________________________________
7 I mustn't say it, but I think his son is dying.
________________________________________________________________________________

6.4 A Write the letters of each picture on PB page 44 in the order you
hear them.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

B Listen and match these people with their jobs. Now find them in
the pictures.

Salwa Mafouz heart specialist and surgeon

Alia Shakri ambulanceman
Amri Badri nurse
Hassan Mustapha doctor

C Listen again and complete the expressions with these verbs.

call come examine give need
operate recover rush show take

1 __________ somebody to hospital as fast as possible

2 _____________ somebody to see what is wrong
3 __________ somebody first aid
4 __________ to see a specialist
5 __________somebody somewhere by ambulance
6 __________ ahead to warn the hospital
7 __________ somebody round the hospital
8 _____________ from an operation
9 _____________ on somebody urgently
10 __________ to take somebody home

D Say what each of these people did for Anwar. Use expressions
from activity B above.

Salwa Mafouz: She gave Anwar first-aid and __________________________________________

74
 Amri Badri: __________________________________________________________________
Hassan Mustapha: __________________________________________________________________
Alia Shakri: __________________________________________________________________
His parents: __________________________________________________________________

6.5 A The medical system helped Anwar in several ways. Number the
notes below, 1 to 7, using the pictures on PB page 44 to help you.

___ (take) / Sana’a / ambulance

___ (recover) / hospital / the next three weeks
___ (examine) him and (decide) he (need) specialist treatment
___ Anwar (give) first-aid / village clinic by /
___ very good heart surgeon (operate) on Anwar and (save) / life
___ parents (come) to take / home
___ She (rush) Anwar / hospital / Hajjah /car

B Use the notes in A to write sentences about what happened. Add

the missing words and put the verbs in the right forms. Think
about whether the verbs are regular or irregular, active or passive.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

C Add the following time expressions. Then write the complete story
as two paragraphs in your copybooks.

First, Then After that, Next, Finally,

6.6 A You are a medical student writing about the process of patient
treatment in Casualty. Re-read the underlined parts on PB page
45. Then write a paragraph in your copybooks. Use time
expressions from 6. 5C, and the Passive. Start like this:

People with really bad injuries are put in the fast track. People who ...

75
6.7 A Match words from the two boxes to form names of public services
jobs. You can use some words more than once.

general heart immigration planning officer practitioner surgeon

police safety social sports teacher worker

1 __________________________ 2 __________________________
3 __________________________ 4 __________________________
5 __________________________ 6 __________________________
7 __________________________ 8 __________________________

B There are many other pairs of words that often go together. Match
these words from this Unit.

business car casualty city

centre crash details
emergency examination fire
education engine rider room
health motorbike newspaper
services stories unit
personal public

1 __________________________ 2 __________________________
3 __________________________ 4 __________________________
5 __________________________ 6 __________________________
7 __________________________ 8 __________________________
9 __________________________ 10 _________________________
11 __________________________ 12 __________________________

C Read the definitions. Add words from activities A and B.

1 A person who makes sure that factories and other places of work are
not dangerous. _______________________________
2 Information about a person such as name, age and address.
_________________________
3 A private place where a doctor can check a patient. _______________________
______________
4 A person who helps other people learn to play games such as football.
_________________________

76
6.9 A Read ‘A long life in medicine’ on PB page 47 again and answer
these questions. Start each answer with Because.

1 Why did Dr Badawi feel angry when his sister was ill? _____________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________
2 Why did he have to go away for his medical training? ______________________
_________________________________________________________________
3 Why do you think he returned quickly in 1969? ___________________________
______________________________
4 Why is he happy about care in Libya today? ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________
5 Why can't Sadiq ‘be here? ____________________________________________

B Match these phrases from the text (1 to 7) to their

meanings (A to G).

1 Fareeda's fever broke the next day.

2 That was the day my future was decided.
3 I qualified as a doctor.
4 Exactly what I believed!
5 As soon as I could, I came home.
6 and that was the beginning of my life's work.
7 the terrible diseases of yesterday

A completed my training with success

B returned from Egypt to Libya
C high temperature came down
D the past
E This was just what I thought.
F it became clear to me that I would be a doctor
G the job that was really important to me

77
 C Add words from the text to make more pairs of words.

village education heart

country health surgeon

course business training

training programme city centre medical

D Think of somebody you know about who has had a long life in
public service. Write a short paragraph about him/her in your
copybooks. Use vocabulary you have collected in this Unit. These
questions will guide your writing.

1 Why did this person choose his/her job?

2 When did he/she start?
3 How long has he/she been doing it?
4 What has changed during that time?
5 What does he/she like most about the job?

6.10 A Write in your copybooks about the picture on PB page 48.

Paragraph 1: Write your description.
Paragraph 2: Write what you thought about the picture.

B Listen to the first part of the conversation and do these activities.

1 Find the speakers in the picture on PB page 48.

2 Listen to check what you wrote in paragraph 2. Note that it will not
be exactly the same.

6.11 A Read the article ‘Discovering Yemen’ and number the paragraph
headings in the correct order.

Faysal's hopes for the future

Tourism in the future Yemen
Getting to know a young Yemeni
Faysal's successful new business

78
 B Tick the correct statements. Write ? after statements that may or
may not be true.

1 The visitors drove north from the capital.

2 The photo-journalist sees the future of Yemen in Faysal.
3 Faysal started his business because he loves travelling.
4 He wants to get married before too long.
5 He wants enough money for his family to live in comfort.
6 He thinks it will be bad for Yemen if millions of tourists come.
7 He is worried that tourism will destroy the traditional way of life.

C Correct the statements that are wrong.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

D Find antonyms and synonyms in the article for these words.

antonyms synonyms
past ______________ journey __________
rude _____________ discovered _______________
worse _____________ caring ________________
modern ________________ stop _______________

6.12 A Use the questions to help you write notes about yourself. Then write
three paragraphs about your own plans and views of the future.

Paragraph 1: Thinking about the future

1 What are you good at in school?
2 What are you interested in out of school?
3 How could you continue with these skills and interest after you leave
school-in your job, for example?
4 Will it be possible for you to do that? How? If not, what else are you
likely to do? Why?

79
 Paragraph 2: My plans for the future
1 What are your ambitions for the next two or three years?
2 What do you hope will happen in the next five or ten years?

Paragraph 3: Future changes in Yemen that will affect my life

1 What sort of changes do you think will change life for you in the future?
2 Which do you think will improve your life?
3 Which do you think may not be so good?
4 On balance, do you feel happy or unhappy about the future?

80
ARTS 1 A DIFFICULT CHOICE? - PB51

A Read the introduction on PB page 51. Are these statements true

or false? Write T or F.

1 The taxi-driver had two daughters.

2 They were both 11 years old.
3 They were very ill with a kidney disease.
4 Olivia had kidney disease too.
5 Olivia had a sister.

B Number these events from the text in the correct order.

Olivia advised the taxi-driver to give his daughter a kidney.

Olivia decided to help Michael.
Olivia had the operation.
Michael got a kidney infection.
Olivia met Michael after a long time.
The doctor explained the risks of the operation.
The operation was successful.

C Find words that mean the following:

1 fit and good at sport _________________

2 changing one organ in the body for another _________________
3 danger ______________
4 mark on the body after a cut _______________
5 however, despite this ________________________
6 stop doing something, resist __________________

D What did the doctors actually say to Michael and Olivia? Turn
these sentences from the text into direct speech.

1 He had a kidney infection that could kill him.

‘You have a kidney infection that could kill you’.
2 He had two choices.
______________________________________
3 He could wait for somebody with healthy kidneys to die.
____________________________________________________________

81
 4 His second choice was to spend the rest of his life connected to
a machine ...
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________
5 ... that would do the job of his kidneys for him.
_________________________________________________________________
6 The operation would be more serious for Olivia than for her brother.
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________
7 He would have to cut deeply into Olivia’s body.
_________________________________________________________________
8 The scar would be 30 centimetres long.
__________________________________________________________
9 She would be in a hospital for a week to ten days...
_________________________________________________________________
10 ... and then have to rest for three to four weeks.
_________________________________________________________________

E Have you ever had to make a difficult choice? Tell your partner.

ARTS 2 PROVERBS AND IDIOMS - PB52

A Read the text straight through. Do not do the exercises. Are these
statements true or false? Write T or F.

1 Proverbs are more common in English than idioms.

2 Proverbs give information which is generally true in life.
3 ‘Half a loaf is better than no bread at all’ is an idiom.
4 Sometimes there are two proverbs with opposite ‘truths’.
5 Idioms are difficult to learn because they are common in English.
6 Many idioms are very old.

B Read the text again and do the exercises.

82
C Everybody uses the same words for proverbs, so you must learn
them exactly. Complete these proverbs without looking at the text.

1 Half a loaf is better _______________________________

2 One man’s meat is ________________________________
3 Actions speak louder ________________________
4 No man can serve ___________________________________
5 One good turn ___________________________
6 Many hands make ______________________
7 Too many cooks ________________________________

D Choose one of the proverbs from activity C to reply to each of the

statements. Write the correct number in each box.

a But you’ve only given me a small piece!

b First, John said we should do it this way. Then Bill suggested
a difference idea. I don’t know who to listen to.
c I can’t understand why he likes football.
d I only carried your bags to your car. You don’t have to give
me a lift home.
e I’ll do it tomorrow, I promise.
f It’s good of you to offer to help me paint the room.
g I’ve got to do my homework but I mustn’t miss basketball practice.

E Express the same idea in each case using an idiom with the
word nose.

1 This cost me too much money.

__________________________________________________________________
2 He doesn’t respect her.
__________________________________________________________________
3 She is always interfering in my life.
__________________________________________________________________
4 He can make people do exactly what he wants them to do.
__________________________________________________________________
5 They have no idea what is happening in the world outside.
__________________________________________________________________

83
ARTS 3 TELFORD HALL EPISODE 1 - PB53

A The following words and phrases appear in the story on PB page

53. Read them and then discuss with your partner what you think
the story is about.

Ahmed Hassan Al-Hadrami Derek Barker

Norton College welcome
three-year course shook hands
room 123 unpacked
dining room a long day

B Read the story on PB page 53. Find the names of these places and
people in the story.

1 the college where Ahmed is studying ______________________

2 the town which the college is in _____________________
3 the place where Ahmed is staying _______________________
4 the number of his room ____________
5 the receptionist or housekeeper _________________________
6 some other students in Ahmed’s accommodation ________________________
___________________________________________________________
7 some old streets in the town _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

C Complete these sentences.

1 Ahmed would probably stay in England for three years because ____________
____________________________________________
2 Mrs Dale must be quite old because __________________________________
3 Ahmed didn’t unpack immediately he arrived because ____________________
___________________________________
4 Derek offered to show Ahmed and Bob the town because __________________
___________________________________
5 Ahmed was tired at the end of his first day at Telford Hall because
_________________________________________________

84
 6 Ahmed and Bob became friends because _________________________________
______________________________________________
7 The water-powered factories in the hills closed because _____________________
___________________________________
8 Ahmed bought a car because __________________________________________

D Ahmed experienced many different feelings in his first week in

England. Find a point in the story when he felt...

1 delighted when he bought the taxi.

2 depressed _________________________________________________________
3 grateful _________________________________________________________
4 nervous _________________________________________________________
5 pleased _________________________________________________________
6 worried _________________________________________________________

E Would you like to go and study in England? Why (not)? What

things do you think you would enjoy/hate about the experience?
Tell your partner.

ARTS 4 A FAMOUS PLAY BY SHAKESPEARE - PB54

A What is the relationship between each pair of characters in Hamlet?

1 Gertrude - Hamlet Gertrude is Hamlet’s mother.

2 Claudius - Hamlet __________________________________________________
3 Ophelia - Polonius __________________________________________________
4 Laertes - Polonius __________________________________________________
5 the ghost - the old king _______________________________________________

B Find words that mean the following:

1 killing another person for money or in anger ______________________________

2 hurting someone because they have hurt you ______________________________
3 dies from water ____________________________
4 thinks/says that someone else did something wrong ________________________
5 something for people to see __________________

85
 6 does with difficulty __________________
7 takes the other person’s and gives his own ___________________
8 pushes a knife or sword into someone __________________

C A lot of people die in Hamlet. Who kills each person?

1 the old king Claudius

2 Polonius ________________
3 Laertes _________________
4 Gertrude ________________
5 Claudius ________________
6 Hamlet _________________

D Match the beginnings and endings of these sentences. They tell

the first part of the plot. Write the correct letter in each box.

1 Gertrude marries Claudius, a and drowns.

2 The ghost of the old king appears b and tells him that Claudius killed him by
to Hamlet... poison.
3 From that time on Hamlet can think of c between Hamlet and Laertes.
only one thing -
4 Ophelia loves Hamlet ... d but she believes she has lost his love.
5 She doesn’t know why this has happened, e but she finds that he has changed.
6 Then by accident, Hamlet kills Polonius, f for the death of his father and sister.
7 She goes mad, falls into a river g killing Claudius.
8 Laertes blames Hamlet h which is too much for Ophelia.
9 He gets help to kill Hamlet from Claudius, i who also wants Hamlet dead.
10 A sword fight is arranged j who becomes the new king.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

E Complete these sentences. They tell the last part of the plot.

1 It is to be an exhibition sword only, with the points of the swords

covered so that _____________________________________________________
2 However, Laertes leaves his sword uncovered and _________________________
___________________________
3 Claudius has prepared a drink for Hamlet with poison in it in case
_______________________________________________________
86
 4 When Laertes cuts Hamlet with his sword, _______________________________
_______________________________________
5 Hamlet manages to knock Laertes’ sword from his hand and _________________
______________________________________
6 Then he stabs Laertes, who ___________________________________________
7 In the meantime, before Claudius can stop her, ____________________________
________________________________________
8 The dying Laertes tells _______________________________________________
9 Then Hamlet turns and _______________________________________________
10 Soon after, Hamlet __________________________________________________

F Have you ever seen a Shakespeare play? Which one? What was it
about? Tell your partner.

ARTS 5 TELFORD HALL EPISODE 2 PB55 AND PB56

A The following words and phrases appear in the first part of the
story on PB page 55. Read them and then discuss with your
partner what you think the story is about.

Christmas Eid al-Fitr

home Ahmed’s room
Bob’s parents meat and rice
Ramadan sweet pastry

B Read the first part of the story (to ... with his new friends) and
number the events in the correct order.

Ahmed invited Bob to spend Eid with him.

Ahmed invited Mick, Jerry and Derek to spend Eid with him.
Ahmed made a space in his room for everybody to sit down.
Ahmed met Bob’s brother and his wife.
Ahmed phoned his family to wish them a good Eid.
Ahmed went to Liverpool with Bob.
Bob spent Eid with Ahmed.
Ahmed wrote to his brother.
Bob invited Ahmed to his parents’ house.
The college closed for Christmas

87
 C Guess the answers to these questions before you read the second
part of the story. Discuss your ideas with your partner.

1 Why did Ahmed want to visit Stratford-upon-Avon?

__________________________________________________________________
2 When was William Shakespeare born?
__________________________________________________________________
3 Why is the town called Stratford-upon-Avon?
__________________________________________________________________
4 What is there to see, do and buy in Stratford-upon-Avon?
__________________________________________________________________

D Read the second part of the story on PB pages 55 and 56 and

check your ideas.

E These statements are true. Explain how you know from the
information in the story.

1 Christmas is in winter in England.

__________________________________________________________________
2 Norton College is closed for three weeks at Christmas.
__________________________________________________________________
3 Mick and Jerry are friends of Ahmed.
__________________________________________________________________
4 There wasn’t a microwave oven in the kitchen of the house Ahmed visited
__________________________________________________________________
5 Shakespeare never performed in the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.
__________________________________________________________________
6 Khaled has a sense of humour.
__________________________________________________________________

F Can you remember? What did Ahmed...

1 miss at Christmas time? ________________
2 think was strange? ___________________________________
3 look forward to? ______________________________
4 push to one end of his room? _____________________________
5 give to the cooks? __________________________

88
 6 play at his party? _______________________
7 pass around at his party? _________________________
8 stay at in Stratford? ______________________________
9 spend the next morning doing in Stratford? ___________
10 buy in Stratford? __________________________________________

G Scan the text again and check your answers.

ARTS 6 CRITICS AND CRITICISM - PB57

A Read the paragraph ‘Professional critics of the arts’. Are these

statements true or false? Write T or F.

1 To criticize a piece of art means to say it is bad.

2 ‘The arts’ means painting.
3 We buy compact discs which taste good.
4 Critics sometimes write books called ‘reviews’.

B Read the paragraph ‘Making judgements’. Complete the table with

words from the text.

Poetry criticism is about ... Art criticism is about... Film criticism is about...
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

C Read the paragraph ‘The importance of critics’. Why are critics

important to these people?

1 film-makers _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2 new artists ________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3 the general public __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

89
 D Complete these sentences with words from the text.

1 Some people choose a book only if a friend ___________________ it.

2 Some poetry critics look at the ideas in a ________________; others
concentrate on how the poet _______________ those ideas.
3 A critic _______________ the public’s attention to new works and helps
us __________________ art better.
4 We each have our own _________________ in music, films and so on.
5 The most important point for some art critics is the _________________
of the artist - how well he/she paints.

E Write a short review of a book you have just read, or a film you
have just see. Say whether you liked it or not, and why.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

ARTS 7 TELFORD HALL EPISODE 3 - PB58 AND PB59

A The final episode of the story is about the end of term at Norton
College. Before you read the story, guess the answer to each
question.

1 What was the weather like on the day of the final examination?
__________________
2 How long did Ahmed have to wait for his results? _________________________
3 What did he do while he was waiting? _________________________________
4 How did Ahmed get on in the examination? ______________________________
5 What did Ahmed do after the results were announced? ______________________
___________________________________________

B Read the story on PB pages 58 and 59 and check your ideas.

90
C Answer the questions.

1 Who was supervising the examination? _________________________________

2 Who always cooks Sunday lunch at Bob's house? _________________________
3 Who helped with the washing up? _______________________
4 Who called in to say ‘hello’? __________________________________________
5 Who got A grades in the examination? __________________________________

D Read PB page 58 again. What do these words refer to?

1 It (col. 1 line 4 ) ____________________________________________________

2 then ( col.2 line 1 ) __________________________________________________
3 They ( col.2 line 5 ) _________________________________________________
4 They ( col. 2 line 18 ) ________________________________________________
5 It (col.2
col.2 line 23) ____________________________________________________
6 they (col.2
col.2 line 33) __________________________________________________
7 It (col.2
col.2 line 39) ____________________________________________________

E Read PB page 59 again. Answer the questions.

1 Why was Bob worried? ______________________________________________

2 Why couldn't Bob find their names on the list? ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3 Why did Bob tell Ahmed not to worry? __________________________________
____________________________________
4 Why did Ahmed open the window of the train? ____________________________
____________________________________
5 Why would Ahmed see Bob in October? _________________________________
____________________________________
6 Why had the countryside seemed strange to Ahmed nine months ago?
__________________________________________________________________

91
 F ‘Many hands make light work’ is an English proverb.

1 Explain what it means.

__________________________________________________________________
2 Translate three Arabic proverbs into English.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

ARTS 8 CALLIGRAPHY - PB60

A There are six paragraphs in the text. Skim the text and think of a
good heading for each paragraph.

Para 1 Introduction
Para 2 _______________________________
Para 3 _______________________________
Para 4 _______________________________
Para 5 _______________________________
Para 6 _______________________________

B Words often have two or more meanings. Tick the best meaning
for each of these words in their context here.

1 fine (col.1
col.1 line 2) a) sunny b) beautiful
2 practised (col. 1 line 3) a) done again and again b) done
to get better
3 tool (col. 1 line 6) a) hammer, saw, b) instrument
screwdriver, etc.
4 seen (col. 1 line 15) a) considered b) used eyes
5 equals (col. 1 line 20) a) = b) the same level as
6 letters (col.1
col.1 line 24) a) alphabet b) post, mail
7 concentrated (col.2
col.2 line 5) a) thought hard b) did most work
8 so ( col. 1 line 7) a) therefore b) at the same time
9 grew (col.1
col.1 line 8) a) became more important b) became older
10 number (col.1
col.1 line 21) a) some b) one, two, etc.

92
 C These statements are true. How do you know from the text? Write
reasons in your copybook.

1 Calligraphy can be produced in different ways.

2 Painters in ancient China used a pointed brush, like calligraphers in
that country.
3 Painters and calligraphers are treated the same in modern China.
4 The Nashki style replaced the Kufic style.
5 Early Islamic calligraphy did not include pictures of birds, etc.
6 The art of traditional calligraphy has not died out.

C Complete the table with words from the text.

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective

Greece _____________________ angle _____________________
Rome _____________________ point _____________________
Islam _____________________ religion _____________________
Lebanon _____________________ tradition _____________________
West _____________________ flow _____________________

E Do you like calligraphy? Where can you see beautiful calligraphy in

your country? Tell your partner.

ARTS 9 A POEM - PB61

A Discuss these questions about the poem.

1 Why do sheep and cows have time to stare?

2 Why do squirrels hide their nuts?
3 How can streams be full of stars?
4 Who or what is Beauty?
5 Who or what is smiling in the phrase that smile?

B Discuss which sentence best summarizes the meaning of the poem.

1 Life does not have any meaning unless we have time to relax.
2 Nature is beautiful but we must take time to look at it.
3 We must forget our worries at times and see the beauty of nature.

C Listen to the poem again. Then try to say it with the reader.

93
 D Do you agree with the main idea of the poem? Write one sentence
to give your opinion.

ARTS 10 STRANGE HAPPENINGS - PB62

A Look quickly through the three texts. Find the following:

1 Four countries ______________________________________________________

2 Four towns or cities _________________________________________________
3 Three people _______________________________________________________
4 Three dates ________________________________________________________

B Read 'The Bermuda Triangle'. Answer the questions. Write

short answers.

1 What is the Bermuda Triangle? _________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
2 Why is it famous? ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3 What is the biggest mystery? __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4 When did it happen? _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5 Why is it a mystery? _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6 What else has happened in the area? _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

C Write a summary of this text from your answers to activity B.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

94
D Read 'The curse of Tutankhamun'. Answer each of these questions
with a number.

1 When was Tutankhamun king of Egypt? 3,500 years ago.

2 How old was he when he died? _________
3 When did Carnarvon break into his tomb? _________
4 How many months later did Carnarvon die? _________
5 How many members of Carnarvon's team died _________
in the next six years?
6 When was the treasure flown to London? _________
7 In which year did the pilot of the plane die? _________

E Cover the questions. Can you remember them from the numbers?

F Read ‘Eryl’s dream’. Find words that mean the following:

1 small pieces of coal and coal dust ____________

2 a pile _____________
3 first ______________
4 moved across the top of ______________

G In your copybook, draw and label a diagram of what happened at

Aberfan. Show the situation before and after the disaster.

95
SCIENCE1 ACIDS AND ALKALIS - PB65

A Before you read the texts, do you know the meanings of

these words?

1 Discuss the meanings in pairs, but do not look at them up in a dictionary.

2 Guess the meanings of the ones you do not know as you read the texts.

. acid . neutralize
. alkali . indicator
. corrode . pollute
. react with . soil
. dissolve . formula

B Read 'Definitions'. Complete these statements.

1 Acids taste __________________________.

2 Acids corrode ___________________________.
3 Acid + base = ________________.
4 Alkalis are bases that _______________________________.
5 Alkali means ________________________.
6 Acids neutralize __________________.
7 Alkalis neutralize _________________.

C Read 'Detecting and measuring...'. Are these statements true or

false? Write T or F.

1 Litmus is a dead vegetable.

2 Acid turns green litmus paper red.
3 Alkalis turn green litmus paper blue.
4 The pH scale measures the concentration of iron in the substance.
5 Soap is very alkaline because it measure 9.5 on the pH scale.
6 Acids have a pH value below 7.
7 We can measure activity with a thermometer.

D Read ‘Acids and alkalis...’. In your copybooks, draw and label

a diagram to show the effects of burning oil and coal.

96
 E Complete this table with information from the text.

Common acids Common alkalis

_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________

F What household chemical could you put on the following? Why?

1 a wasp sting ______________________________________________

2 a bee sting ______________________________________________

SCIENCE 2 STATES OF MATTER - PB66

A Before you read the text, look at these words. How many
meanings do you know for each word?

1 Discuss the meanings in pairs.

2 Think about the meanings in this context as you read the text.

. state
. form
. matter
. gas
. property
. room

B Read the introduction. Answer the questions.

1 Why can't the shape of a solid be changed easily?

_____________________________________________________________
2 Why can't you pick up a liquid without a container?
_____________________________________________________________
3 Why can you smell gas all over the house from even a small leak?
_____________________________________________________________

97
 C Read the information in the box. Name each state of matter from
the definition.

1 The particles are moving about quickly. ________________

2 The particles are hardly moving. _____________
3 The particles have room to change places. _____________
4 The particles are close together. ______________
5 The particles can fill any space. _____________

D Read 'The three states of water'. Complete the diagram.

solid liquid 1 ________

2 ________ melts into water 3 ________ into vapour

E Answer these questions in terms of the kinetic theory.

What happens when...

1 you put fresh food into the freezer.
The particles in the food move more slowly and get closer together.
2 you put an ice-cube into a glass of orange juice.
_____________________________________________________________
3 a kettle boils.
____________________________________________________________
4 gas leaks from a gas bottle.
_____________________________________________________________

SCIENCE 3 LIGHT - PB67

A Before you read 'Definition', look at these words. What is the

common meaning of each word.

1 Discuss in pairs.
2 Guess the meaning of each word in context as you read ‘Definition'.
. behave . act . stream . wave

98
 B Read 'Definition’ again. Number these definitions of light in
historical order.

Light is a combination of particles and waves.

Light is a series of waves.
Light is a stream of particles.

C Read 'Reflection'. Are these statements true or false? Write T or F.

1 We see things in three different ways.

2 The most common way is by reflection.
3 Your desk is not really there, only the reflection.
4 The surface of a sheet of glass reflects more light
than the surface of your desk.
5 Rough surfaces scatter light.

D Read ‘Refraction'.

1 In your copybook, draw the experiment with the spoon which is

describe in the first paragraph.
2 Which sort of lens would be most useful for reading glasses? Why?

___________________________________________________________________________________

E From the information in the texts, write an explanation for each of

these statements.

1 You must stand in front of a mirror to see your reflection.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2 When you look at yourself in the bowl of a spoon, you look smaller;
when you look at yourself in the back of a spoon, you look bigger.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3 Leaves are sometimes burnt by sunlight passing through raindrops on
the leaves.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

99
SCIENCE 4 SOUND - PB68

A Before you read the texts, discuss these questions.

1 What is sound?
2 How does it travel?
3 Is there sound in outer space?
4 How can sounds vary?
5 How can you measure sound?
6 What is ‘ultrasound’?

B Scan the texts quickly and check your answers to activity A.

C Read the texts more carefully and complete this table about
measuring sound.

item unit of measurement abbreviation examples

frequency ___________ _______ human range: _____________________
bat and dolphin range: ______________
_________ decibels _______ talking: __________________________
jet plane: ________________________

D What is the significance of these words in the text? Discuss in

pairs, then check by searching for the words again.

1 vacuum Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum.

2 vibration ____________ __________________________________________
3 molecules ___________ __________________________________________
4 pitch ___________ __________________________________________

E From the information in the texts, write answers to

these questions.

1 How can sound be useful in factories?

2 How can headphones be dangerous?

3 How do bats ‘see’?

100
SCIENCE 5 ARAB SCIENTISTS - PB69

A Read the introduction on PB page 69. Discuss Newton's words.

1 Who were the ‘giants’?

2 In what way did he ‘stand on their shoulders’?
3 In what way did he ‘see further’?

B Complete the table with information from the texts.

Name Dates Area of study Discovers, inventions,

birth/death achievements
------------------------------

C Complete the table of subjects and professions.

subject profession
mathematics
geographer
astronomy
chemistry
science
philosopher
physician*
*Be careful with this one!

D Organize a class quiz. Ask questions about the scientists like this:

Where/when was ... born? Who was born in ...?

When did he die? Who wrote/taught himself/realized ...?
What did he write? Who discovered/invented ...?
What did he discover/invent?

101
SCIENCE 6 VACCINATIONS - PB70

A Read the texts and choose the best heading for each.

Introduction Box 1 (right)

a Vaccination in history a The cause of disease
b The need for vaccines b Giving disease to
prevent disease
c Diseases that kill c The life of Pasteur

Box 1 (left) Box 2

a A vaccine for smallpox a The rise of AIDS

b The life of Jenner b Modern drugs and AIDS
c Smallpox and cowpox c The search for an AIDS
vaccine

B Number these stages in the history of vaccination in order.

AIDS was diagnosed in humans.

Jenner noticed that people working with cows did
not suffer from smallpox.
Jenner successfully vaccinated a patient.
AIDS developed from the blood of Central African monkeys.
Modern drugs help to control AIDS.
Pasteur showed that diseases were spread by germs.
AIDS spread around the world.
Pasteur successfully treated a boy who had been
bitten by a rabid dog.
Thousands of people died every year from smallpox.

C These words from the texts are related in meaning. Explain

the differences.

1 doctors scientists Scientists find the causes of diseases; doctors treat them.
2 treat cure ___________________________________________________
______________________________________
3 cowpox smallpox ___________________________________________________
4 disease germ ___________________________________________________
5 infection transmission ___________________________________________________
______________________________________

102
6 vaccine disease ____________________________________________________
7 diagnose treat ____________________________________________________
____________________________
8 breakthrough development ___________________________________________________

D Complete the table with words from the texts.

noun 1 noun 2 verb

immunize
vaccinate
experiment
development
transmit
treatment
diagnosis
infection

SCIENCE 7 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES - PB71

A Read the introduction on PB page 71, then match the beginnings

and endings of the sentences without looking at the text.

1 Every stage of a scientific a) answer a question.

experiment should ...
2 This report will ... b) be measurable and show cause and effect.
3 If the procedure isn’t written up, c) be recorded and written up.
it is impossible to...
4 Scientific experiments set out to... d) monitor progress and exchange
information.
5 Experiments should always... e) show your results and conclusions.

103
 B Read the information about writing up experiments. Then discuss
this report. What is wrong with it?

QUESTION Why do some heavy things This is not detailed enough. You_________
float? should say, for example. Why do metal____
ships float on water?__________________
RESEARCH Some things float on water. __________________________________
__________________________________
HYPOTHESIS Perhaps water is solid. __________________________________
__________________________________
MATERIALS water, things __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
PROCEDURE Put some things in water. __________________________________
See what happens. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
DATA I put some things in water. __________________________________
The small heavy things sank __________________________________
but some of the flat heavy __________________________________
things floated. __________________________________
__________________________________
SUMMARY Flat things usually float. __________________________________
__________________________________
CONCLUSION My idea was wrong. __________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

104
 C Do heavy things fall faster than light things? Devise an experiment
to find out. Write it up on the form below.

QUESTION Is the speed of falling directly related to the weight of an object?__________

RESEARCH ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
HYPOTHESIS ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
MATERIALS ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
PROCEDURE ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
DATA ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
SUMMARY ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

SCIENCE 8 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - PB72

A Read the text and answer the questions.

1 How many times does the piston go up and down in one cycle? _________
2 The cycle shown in the table is for a four-stroke engine. What are the
names of the four strokes?

____________________ _____________________ ____________________ _____________________

105
 3 One of these strokes is also called the power stroke. Can you work out
which one? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

4 Where do these elements of the engine come from?

a) the spark ___________________
b) the petrol and air mixture __________________
5 Where do these elements go to?
a) the burnt mixture ______________________
b) the power ____________________
6 Why is petrol and air sucked into the cylinder when the piston
moves down?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

7 Why is the burnt mixture pushed out of the exhaust valve when the
piston moves up?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

B Find a word to go with each noun and explain the connection.

1 turn a circuit
2 start b engine
3 switch on c in
4 suck d key
5 push e mixture
6 compress f out
7 open g valve

1 turn / key you turn the key in the ignition.

2 _________________ ______________________________________________________
3 _________________ ______________________________________________________
4 _________________ ______________________________________________________
5 _________________ ______________________________________________________
6 _________________ ______________________________________________________
7 _________________ ______________________________________________________

106
 C Complete the table with words from the text.

noun verb
ignition
mix
compress
explosion

D Cover the text and describe to your partner the four-stroke cycle,
using the diagrams.

SCIENCE 9 THE MOON - PB73

A Before you read the texts, do this quiz about space.

1 What is the radius of the Moon? _______________

2 How far is the Moon from the Earth? ________________
3 What is the radius of the Sun? _________________
4 How far is the Sun from the Earth? __________________
5 How long does it take for the Moon to go round the Earth?
___________________
6 What is a ‘ Gibbous Moon?

7 What happens in an eclipse of the Moon?

8 What happens in an eclipse of the Sun?

B Read the text and check your answers.

C Write questions for each of these answers.

1 How can we see the Moon? Because of light from the Sun.

107
2 _____________________________________ Because the position of the Moon changes
_____________________________________ in relation to the Earth.
_____________________________________
3 _____________________________________ Because the Moon spins on its own axis.
_____________________________________
4 _____________________________________ Because the Moon sometimes passes
_____________________________________ between the Earth and the Sun.
5 _____________________________________ Because the Earth sometimes moves
_____________________________________ between the Sun and the Moon.

D Which adjectives in the texts have the following meanings:

1 of the Moon ____________

2 of the Sun ____________
3 can be seen _____________
4 first, at the beginning _____________
5 not complete ____________
6 complete _____________
7 cannot be seen ________________

E There are ten words connected with this lesson in the wordsearch.
Find the words and explain what they mean.

s b r o t e l u e 1 space - the area where the planets and stars are

p a o m l s a s d 2
a h t q a u p e i 3
c i a e e i n i o 4
e j t s l i o a n 5
a h e c e l u u r 6

g z e l a x i s a 7

a x v o r b i t s 8
9
s o l a u u w g e
10

108
SCIENCE 10 RADIOACTIVITY - PB74

A Before you read the text, discuss these questions in pairs.

1 What is radioactivity?
2 What are its dangerous effects?
3 What can it be used for?

B Skim the whole text and check you ideas.

C Label this diagram of the effects of the explosion at Chernobyl.

wind _____________________

109
 D Complete this diagram with words and phrases from the text.

energy nuclear power

disadvantages

medicine

USES

advantages

food science

archaeology

RADIOACTIVITY

large amount

EFFECTS

small amount

DISCOVERY

110
Unit 1
activity graze round
adjective half-eaten scales
adverb horizon scratch
awake intense side
back (n) last ( ~ saw her ) similar
beak make out ( = see ) sir
Calm down! male skin
claw mare song
close/closer materials spend ( ~ a holiday )
cloud meaning square-looking
coast mind (n) steep/steeper
coat (of an animal) miss (= form of address) style
Come along. mist subject
comma misty tags
contrast (n) narrow/narrower take turns
countryside newly There’s no point.
coverings noisily title
curved not really triangular
divided noun turn off ( = leave a road )
drive (n) officer twin
dust organize underlined
end (v) peak unlike
equal phrase upset
farmland plough (n,v) valley
female positive verb
foal rainy warm (v)
focus repeat (v) whereas
fur rich ( ~ milk ) wood
further rocky wool

Unit 2
actually famine medical supplies
army fog miracle
artefact future newsflash
awful generally normally
badly-built group North Pole
boxer heat wave over (= finished)
bridge homeless Passive
brilliant hopeless Past continuous
castle hundreds of thousands Past simple
champion hunger powerful
cheap hurricane preposition
control (v) in living memory Present perfect
crowd infinitive recklessly
direct speech Just a minute. recover (= get better )
disaster landslide relative
dreamer layer report (n)
drought leave out reported speech
during life scary
epidemic lorry scientist
expect marry scruffy
eye-witness measure set the scene

111
shortage start operation (= start working) unwell
shortened starve used to
silently structure (= grammar point) variety
simplified survivor victim
slight tear off volcanic eruption
Slow down telescope volcano
spaceship tense (of a verb) weak/weaker
spokesman trip well dressed

Unit 3
ability fantastic politeness
able fill in (~ a form ) post ( = job)
applicant film director Present perfect continuous
apply for final examination Present perfect simple
as a result fire-fighter probably
at the moment form put on (clothes)
bank manager friendliness qualifications
bookseller furthermore qualified
business get on with recently
CD grateful regularly
club group (drama ~ ) run (~ a business )
college hobby salary
communication skills I've no idea. sales person
computer literacy ice-cream school-leaver
computer literate idea sport
computer programmer in addition successful
confidence interview theatre
conscientious knowledge therefore
driving licence look forward to tourist guide
duties Ministry of Education training
efficient Ministry of the Environment TV station
emphasize miss out ( = miss an opportunity) vacancy
employer pass well-educated
essential patience worker
excellent perhaps Yours faithfully
experience play (~ music ) Yours sincerely

Unit 4
algebra crushed ginger
all kinds of curry grape
bed (river ~ ) data grate (v)
berry dried grill (v)
borrow experiment grind
carry out (= do) extract ground (adj)
chopped fan guess
climate farmhouse handbag
combine fig harvest
conclusion form (n) highlands
confirm forming humid
cool (v) frozen hypothesis
crush further ( ~ two minutes ) icy

112
in-between pressure spare wheel
jet ( ~ of water ) procedure spice
length processed squeeze
level prove steam (n)
liquid quality subtropical
mango rainfall succeed
mathematician raise thoroughly
meeting reference book trade
moderate refrigerated tropical
Northern related to truck
palm tree remove turn into
papaya re-pack typical
peaches seedless upwards
pear simmer vegetation
peas soft/softer while
peel sorghum zone
peeled spare (= spare wheel)

Unit 5
abroad instead of puzzle
allow kick sailor
attack modal verb sand
cabin monster stained
chat mysterious sword
deck mystery tanker
drag net voice
drown order waiting room
fishing boat panic wish
hang over past participle word set
I haven't a clue. possibility

Unit 6
anywhere horrific qualify
burning husband receptionist
care (medical ~ ) keep ( ~ looking ) reduce
centre (health ~ ) malaria register (v)
deal with minor registration form
even ( ~ when ) mobile ( = mobile phone) seem
examination room moment ( a great ~ ) shaking (adj)
face of the future Moslem slow-track
facilities old days society
fast-track paramedic system
groan patient (n) turn (n)
ground (n) pick up ( = open-back van) two-track
heart surgeon planning officer unconscious
highway patrol priority unit (X-ray ~ )
hit-and-run pulse vehicle

113
ARTS

Arts 1 industrial teapot

along time market town tonight
athletic mashed potatoes wonder
body pavement Youth Hostel
centimetres present (= gift)
close to somebody questionnaire Arts 6
deeply reception desk acting
do the job run down arts
donor Shepherd’s pie comment
good fun silver compact disc
hold back streams of rain concentrate
kidney stroll critic
lively student critical
nevertheless town planning criticism
normally unpack criticize
operation (medical ~ ) water-powered decide
remove draw attention to
risk (n) Arts 4 express (v)
scar by accident immediate
shocked character importance
thin comedy influence
transplant ghost judgement
worth the pain in the meantime make up one’s mind
knock from (his hand) poetry
Arts 2 manage to reviews
anyone else murder sculpture
cook (n) plot technique
deserve poison
good turn revenge Arts 7
loaf stab call in (= visit)
look down your nose tragedy come out (exam results ~ )
master delicious
moral lesson Arts 5 disappear
opposing a couple of disturb
pay through the nose actual fall asleep
poison around (sit ~ ) hold (~ an exam)
poke your nose into something brass hospitality
progress brick kindness
see beyond the end of your nose by himself Many hands make light work.
serve ceiling name card
widely used celebrate one of the family
dawn perfectly
Arts 3 dusk pour into (~ a room)
agricultural duty roast meat
assignment fast sand dunes
beef honey Thank you for having me.
by the way knock (n)
coal on the phone Arts 8
dining room pass (time passing) angular
Don’t mention it pastry calligrapher
drag perform calligraphy
episode piled high carving
fair (~ hair) realize concentrate
feel at home recipe connection
final offer souvenir culture
glance surrounding (~ countryside ) decoration
good condition sweet (adj) equal

114
expression broad daylight curse
Far East care disappearance
fine (adj) dance disturb
follower enrich Florida
God glance happening
Islam leisure heap (n)
Islamic poor leader
pointed squirrel navy
religious stare off course
rounded Pharaoh
scholar Arts 10 Puerto Rico
tool archaeologist robber
twisted Bermuda silence
Western Bermuda Triangle slag heap
body tomb
Arts 9 break in translate
beneath coal treasure
bough coffin Tutankhamun

SCIENCE
Science 1 solution ( ~ liquid) angle of incidence
acetic acid sour angle of reflection
acid rain sting behave
acidity strength combination
alkali sulphuric acid concave
alkaline vinegar converge
alkalinity wasp convex
ash diverge
baking powder Science 2 edge
base (as in chemistry) apart effect
battery (car ~) container emit
bicarbonate of soda cycle focus
building material easily lens
calcium hydroxide evaporate light (~ beam)
chemical formula fixed medium
citric acid hardly observe
concentration kinetic theory outer space
corrode leak (v) physicist
detect liquid prism
dissolve matter quantum theory
dye melt recently
engine motion reflect
everyday (~ life) pack together reflection
hydrogen particle refract
ions property refraction
Latin smell (v) scatter
lime solid shaped
litmus space source
measure state ( ~ condition) split
neutralize state (= say) stand back
pH scale substance transparent
pollute theory vacuum
react with vapour
release Science 4
salts Science 3 bat
sharp (~ taste) act like decibel

115
dolphin Science 6 Science 8
flaw against burnt
frequency AIDS carburettor
graph aspect circuit
hertz Hz) attempt combustion
intensity breakthrough compress
invisible case (of a disease) compression
loudness cholera exhaust
oud commonplace explode
pitch control force down
range from development ignite
represent by diagnose ignition
squeeze dollar induction
underwater drug inlet
vary equivalent internal
vibrate experiment piston
volume feared sequence
germ spark
Science 5 immunity spark plug
algebra immunization starter motor
anti-rust coating immunize stroke
astronomer infect suck in
brain long-term
capable patient Science 9
chemist provide axis
contribution rabid cast (~ a shadow)
debt rapid daylight
decimal research direction
educate significant eclipse
fluorescent ink similar fraction
geographer smallpox Full Moon
giant spread Gibbous
gram struggle hemisphere
healing suffer (~ a disease) hidden
image transmission in line with
influence treat in relation to
knowledge typhoid lunar eclipse
logic unexpected New Moon
lungs unsuccessfully orbit (v)
medical vaccination original
medicine vaccine partial eclipse
molecular chemistry phase
negative Science 7 position
occur analyse radius
pharmacist base (v) relatively
philosophy error rotate
predecessor evidence shadow
program experimental solar eclipse
prove guideline spin
realize monitor (v) sunlit
recognize numerical total eclipse
research observation visible
scale progress
shoulder record (= write down) Science 10
software report (n) advantage
standard solution atom
system stage ( = step) bacteria
variation step -by-step cancer
vision write up chain reaction
Eastern Europe
generate

116
give out (~ emit) power station split
nuclear radiation Ukraine
nuclear fission radioactive uranium
nucleus ray Uranium -235
photographic plate release

117
This textbook is prepared by the authors Terry O'Neil and Peter Snow through Garnet Publishing
Limited for the Ministry of Education, Republic of Yemen.

Copyright @ 2000 Ministry of Education, Republic of Yemen

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any from
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the Ministry of Education, Republic of Yemen. Any Person who does any
unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims
for damages.
 Contents
Unit 1 1-12
Unit 2 13-28
Unit 3 29-40
Unit 4 41-54
Unit 5 55-70
Unit 6 71-80

Arts 1 81-82 Science 1 96-97

Arts 2 82-83 Science 2 97-98
Arts 3 84-85 Science 3 98-99
Arts 4 85-87 Science 4 100
Arts 5 87-89 Science 5 101
Arts 6 89-90 Science 6 102-103
Arts 7 90-92 Science 7 103-105
Arts 8 92-93 Science 8 105-107
Arts 9 93-94 Science 9 107-108
Arts 10 94-95 Science 10 109-110