10 Chapter4

,ay; - ehd;F
eykhd tho;tpw;Fr; rpj;jkUj;Jtk;;

128
,ay; 4
eykhd tho;tpw;Fr; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;
01. jiytyp
jiytyp Njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzq;fs; :
fz; ghh;itapy; Vw;glf;$ba NfhshWfs;
%f;fpYk; njhz;ilapYk; Vw;gLk; gpzpfs; fhuzkhfj; jiytyp
Vw;glyhk;
tapw;wpy; Gz; Vw;gl;bUe;jhy; jiytyp tuyhk;
,uj;j Foha; mow;rp> euk;G jsh;r;rp> MNuhf;fpa FiwT Xa;tpd;wp
nra;Ak; Ntiy> [yNjhrk;> gy;typ> Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; jiytyp
Vw;glyhk;.
NjePh;> fhg;gp Nghd;w ghdq;fis mUe;jp gof;fKilNahh; mtw;iw
tof;fg;gb mUe;j tha;g;G ,y;yhj Neuj;jpy; jiytyp Njhd;wf;$Lk;
gpj;jf;NfhshWk;> kyr;rpf;fYk; jiytypf;F mbg;gilahf
,Ug;gJz;L
czh;Tfisj; J}z;lf;$ba nghUl;fs;> Nghij nghUl;fs;> kaf;f
kUe;Jfs;> J}f;f khj;jpiufs; cl;nfhs;tjhYk; jiytyp Vw;glyhk;.
jiytypf;F ,g;gb gyjug;gl;l fhuzq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ve;jf;
NfhshW vg;gb vq;Nf Vw;gl;lhYk; vz;rhd; clk;gpw;F jiyNa
fhuzkhf cs;sjhy; vq;Nf vd;d FiwghL Vw;gl;lhYk; jiyjhd;
ghjpf;fg;gLk;
jiytyp Nghf;Ftjw;fhd topfs; :

jiytyp Vw;gLk; NghJ ed;whf Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vz;nza;g; nghUl;fisf; Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fhiyapy; fha;r;rp Mwpa nte;ePh; 1 lk;shpy; 1 ];G+d; Njd; fye;J
Fbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ey;y fhw;Nwhl;lkhd gFjpfspy; fhw;iw ed;F cs;Sf;fpOj;J
Mo;e;j %r;R gapw;rp nra;jhy; jiytyp ePq;fptpLk;. 'fhiyapy; Jsrp>
Jk;ig> Ntk;G> tpy;tk; ,iyiaAk; ,uT fLf;fha;> ney;ypf;fha;>
jhd;wpf;fha; J}shf;fp 1];G+d; 1 lk;sh; nte;ePhpy; fye;J Fbj;J
te;jhy; jiytyp G+uzkhf FzkhFk;. 12 ehl;fs; Kjy; 18 ehl;fs;
tiu."01
Nehapd;wp thor;
01.Nehapd; thor; rpj;j itj;jpak;> g - 124
129
02. jiyRw;wy; :
[Puzf; NfhshwpdhYk;> J}f;fkpd;ik> <uy; NfhshW> fz; NfhshW>
gpj;jk;> ,tw;wpdhy; jiy Rw;wy; Vw;glyhk;.
<uy; Nfhshwpdhy; jiyr;Rw;wy;:

<uypy; ,Ue;J jhd; [Puzj;Jf;Fj; Njitahd gpj;jePh; Ruf;fpd;wJ
,uj;jk; cz;lhtjw;Fk; ,J nghpJk; fhuzkhFk;.
nfhOg;G rj;J> nghUe;jhj cztpdhy; <uy; NfhshW cz;lhfpwJ.
,jdhy; grp vLf;Fk; rpy rkaq;fspy; grpNa vLf;fhJ. cly;
ntSj;Jg;NghFk;. kyKk; ntSg;ghfg; NghFk;. ,e;epiyapy;
jiyr;Rw;wYk;> kaf;fKk; Vw;gLk;. kyk;> ePh;> fz;> ehf;F vjpYk; kQ;rs;
epwk; ,Uf;Fk;. gLj;j gLf;ifapy; fplg;gh;. Fzkhtjw;F 'fPoney;ypia
mk;kpapy; miuj;J ,uz;L ehtw;gok; msT 100 kpy;yp fha;r;rpa
gRk;ghypy; rhg;gplTk; %d;W ehs; fhiy kl;Lk; rhg;gplTk;. czT ghy;
NrhW. jiyf;F f];J}hp kQ;rs; $l;bf; fha;r;rpa vz;nza;
Nja;f;fTk;." 02
fz; Nfhshwpdhy; jiyr;Rw;wy;:

Fdpe;j jiyia epkph;j;jpdhy; fph;nud;W mbf;Fk;. fz;iz epkph;j;jpNah>
Cd;wpNah xU nghUisg; ghh;j;jhy; jd;idr; Rw;wpYk; cs;s
nghUs;fs; vy;yhk; jd;idNa Rw;wp tl;lkpLtJ NghypUf;Fk; 'fLf;fha;
Njhy; J}s; - 175 fpuhk;> jhd;wpf;fha;j; Njhy; 175 fpuhk;> ney;yp
Ks;spj; Njhy; 175 fpuhk; %d;iwAk; xd;whf J}s; nra;J ,uT
czTf;F gpd; 2 B ];G+d; J}Sld; Njd;> nea; fye;J rhg;gpl;L te;jhy;
xNu khjj;jpy; fz; NfhshWfs; ePq;Fk;. fz;zpw;F rpwe;j xsp
cz;lhFk;".03
gpj;jj; jiyr;Rw;wYf;F:
gpj;jk; kpFjpapdhYk; jiyr;Rw;wy; cz;lhFk;. ,jdhy; tha;f;frg;G
my;yJ Gspg;Gr;Rit> Gsp Vg;gKk;> tapw;Wg; nghUky; Nghd;w
czh;r;rpAk;> cztpy; xU ntWg;Gk; Vw;gLk;> fz; vhpr;rYld; rptg;G>
kQ;rs; epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;. cs;sq;if> fhy;fs; vhpr;rNyhLk;> rpWePh;
FiwthfTk; kpfr; rpte;Jk; vhpr;rNyhLk; ,Uf;Fk;.
gpzpfs; jPhf;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk; g-

02 .gpzpfs; g-29
gpzpfs; jPhf;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk; g
03.gpzpfs; g--30
130
'rPufk; 35 fpuhk;> jdpah 35 fpuhk;> rPe;jpy; nfhb 35 fpuhk; ,tw;iw

xd;wpuz;lhf ,bj;J 400 kpy;yp jz;zPh; tpl;L nky;ypa Jzpahy;
ghj;jpuj;jpd; thiaf; fl;b %b ,uT KOtJk; Kw;wj;jpy; my;yJ Nky;
khbapy; itj;jpUe;J kWehs; fhiyapy; vLj;J kUe;Jfis frf;fpg;
gpope;J rf;ifia ePf;fptpl;Lj; jz;zPiu tbfl;bf; nfhQ;rk; fw;fz;Lk;
nghbiaf; $l;bg; gUfj; jiyr;Rw;wy; ePq;Fk;.
,Q;rp> vYkpr;ir> J}a ePh; rk msT vLj;J mjpy; ,uz;L gq;F Njd;
my;yJ rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;J fha;r;rp ,sk; ghFgjj;jpy; ,wf;fp Mwtpl;Lr;
rPrhtpy; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;. vy;yhtpjkhd jiyRw;wy;> kaf;fj;jpw;F 2
];G+d; kUe;ij 1 lk;sh; J}a ePhpy; %d;W Ntis Fbf;f jPUk;."04
03. fz; :
vz;rhd; clk;gpw;Fr; rpuNr gpujhdk; rpurpw;Ff; fz;Nz gpujhdk;
mfj;jpah; fz; Neha; 96> ,ij Nej;jpu Neha; vd;fpwhh;.
'Vw;wNt ryNjh\ kz;ilf;Fj;J

Vw;wnkd;w ePNuw;w nky;yhk; NghFk;
ghh;j;jpgNd fz;zpYs;s tpahjp NghFk;
ghLfpNwd; rk;goj;jpy; E}w;nwl;L
Njhw;whky; Jisj;Jy tq;f ehl;b
JhpjKld; faph;Nrh;;j;J rl;bapNy jhf;fp
ghh;j;jhNy tpsq;fha; Nghy gRntz;nza;
ghyfNd ytq;fnky;yhk; gug;gp %Nl
%bNa rl;jdpy; glhky;
%h;f;fKld; Rj;jfq;if tpl;L iteP
ehbNa ehw;gJ ehs; NtNw NtNw
eykhd Rj;jfq;if tpl;L itj;J
jPbNa gpwF ntz;nza; jidnaLj;Jj;
jpwkhd jhk;guj;jpd; guzpNy itj;J
rhbNa goKld; ytq;fg; G+Te;
js;sptpL ntz;nza;jidf; fz;zpy; jPw;Nw
jPw;wplNt ryk;tpO nkhpg;Gz;lhFe;
jpwkhfr; rPiyapdhw;W ilf;f epw;Fk;
ghw;wplNt fz;zpy; jPw;wpdhNy
khwhj Nej;jpuNeha; khWnkd;Wk;
04.gpzpfs;
gpzpfs; jPhf;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk; g-
g-31
131
Nghw;wplNt nad;FU Ntjpah; jhdpe;jg;

Gj;jfj;jpd; ngUikapdhw; Gfd;w Njhlh
Njhw;wplh Tyfj;jpNy ny spNah Uz;L
Jiuahd Jiu kf;fs urUz;Nl.05
vYkpr;rk; goj;jpy; E}w;wpnal;L fpuhk;ig Jisj;J itj;J>

mt;ntYkpr;iria clNd fapwpy; fl;b gRntz;nza; tpsq;fha; msT
goj;jpy; Rw;wpg; G+rTk;. mg;goj;ij rl;bapypl;L Rj;jkhd ePh;tpl;L
itf;fTk;> xt;nthU ehSk; gioa ePhpid Cw;wptpl;L GJ ePhpid
Cw;wTk;. ,t;thW ehw;gJ ehs; Cw;wTk;> ehw;gj;jp Xuhk;ehs; goj;ijAk;
fpuhk;igAk; ePf;fptpl;L ntz;nza; kl;Lk; Nrfhpj;J nrk;G ghj;jpuj;jpy;
itf;fTk;. ,t;ntz;zia fz;zpy; jPl;b tu Kjypy; vhpr;rYz;lhfp
ePh; tbAk;> njhlh;e;J jPl;b tu Nej;jpu Neha; FzkhFk;. ryNjh\k;>
kz;ilf;Fj;J> ePNuw;wk; Nghd;w Neha;fs; FzkhFk;.
Nej;jpu Neha; 96f;Fk; ijyk;

(Mj;k ul;rhkph;j itj;jpa rhuq;fpufk;)
1. nghd;dhq;fz;zp - 1fpNyh
2. rpWfPiu - 1fpNyh
3. Mthiu nkhl;Lj; jsph; - 1fpNyh
4. gRk;ghy; - 1ypl;lh;
5. rpw;whkzf;nfz;iza; - 1ypl;lh;
6. gR nea; - 1ypl;lh;
7. ey;yz;nza; - 1ypl;lh;
8. Vyk; - 10 fpuhk;
9. fpuhk;G - 10 fpuhk;
10. mjpkJuk; - 10 fpuhk;
11. nrz;gfg;G+ - 10 fpuhk;
12. rhjpf;fha; - 10 fpuhk
13. kpsF - 10 fpuhk;
14. re;jdk; - 10 fpuhk;
15. nrQ;re;jdk; - 10 fpuhk;
16. kukQ;rs; - 10 fpuhk;
17. ntl;bNth; - 10 fpuhk;
18. Nfh\;lk; - 10 fpuhk;
05.mf]; 400>- g-132.

mf];jpah; ghpG+uzk; 400>-
132
'nghd;dhq;fz;zp> rpWfPiu> Mthiu nkhl;Lj; Jsph; ,itfis gRk;ghy;

tpl;L ,bj;J xU ypl;lh; rhw;iw mse;J kz;ghidapy; Cw;wp> gRk;
ghy;> rpw;whkzf;F vz;nza;> gRnea;> ey;nyz;nza; ,itfis
mNjhL Cw;wp tpwfLg;gpy; itj;J rpW jPahf XU kzp Neuk; vhpj;Jf;
nfhs;sTk;.
Vyk;> fpuhk;G> mjpkJuk;> rz;gfg;G+> rhjpf;fha;> kpsF> re;jdk;>

nrQ;re;jdk;> kukQ;rs;> ntl;bNth;> Nfh\;lk;> ,itfis ed;whf
nghbj;J ijy ghidapy; Nghl;L ijyg;gjk; tUk; tiuapy; vhpj;J
,wf;fTk;. ,j;ijyj;ij thuk; ,U Kiw jiyapy; Nja;j;J nte;ePhpy;
Fspf;fTk;.06
Fwpg;G→Fsph;e;j ghdk;> gjhh;jk;> clYwT Ntz;lhk;.

fz; ghh;itf;F Nful;> gRk; ghy;> KUq;iff; fPiu> nghd;dhq;fz;zp>
fpoh ney;yp> fhprpyhq;fz;zp> fUNtg;gpiy> nfhj;jky;yp> ntq;fhak;>
jf;fhsp cztpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. gr;irahf rhg;gpLtJ
ey;y gyd; jUk;.
fhuk;> cg;G> Gsp Fiwj;jhNy gy fz;tpahjpfs; Vw;glhky;
jLf;fyhk;.
,urhad kUe;Jfs; mbf;fb cz;zf; $lhJ.
,uT mjpf Neuk; fz;tpopj;jy; $lhJ. fz;fSf;F ey;y cwf;fk;
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mjpfkhd ntspr;rk; Fiwthd ntspr;rk; ,jpy; ePz;l Neuk; gbf;ff;
$lhJ.
fhiyapy; #hpad; Njhd;Wk; NghJ mij fz;fshy; #hpa xsp gl
ghh;j;J tu Ntz;Lk;.
'KUq;iff; fPiu> griyf; fPiu> nte;jaf; fpiu> fPoh ney;yp>
fhprpyhq;fz;zp> Mlh njhil ,iyia nghbj;J rk msTld;
xd;W Nrh;j;J fhiy> kjpak;> khiy %d;W NtisAk; gRk;ghypy;
Fbj;J tu fz; njhlh;ghd gpzpfs; FzkhFk;."07
4. fhJ
fhJ ke;jj;jpw;Fk;> fhJ typf;Fk; vz;nza;:
'Rf;F
06.rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.20

07.Nehapd;
07 .Nehapd;wp tho rpj;j itj;jpak;> g.137
133
nts;is G+z;L
nrt;ty;ypf;fpoq;F
Nfhiuf; fpoq;F
,e;Jg;G
Nfh\;lk;
trk;G
jpg;gpyp
,e;j vl;L rhkhd;fisAk; rkndil nfhz;L vUf;fk;ghy; Ntz;basT
tpl;L iethf miuj;J ey;nyz;izapy; Fog;gp mLg;gpd; NkNyw;wpg;
gf;Ftkha; vhpj;J tbfl;bf; nfhz;L fhjpy; rpwpJ NghlTk;.
fLF vz;nza; ½ gb
Ckj;ij ,iyr;rhW ½ gb
kQ;rs; - 35fpuhk;
vs;S - 35 fpuhk;
,tw;iw Ckj;ij ,iyr;rhw;wpidapy; miuj;J fLF vz;nzapy;
Fog;gp mLg;gpy; Vw;wp gf;Fkha; tbj;J nfhs;sTk;. ,UfhjpYk; jpdk;
,UNtis XU nrhl;L Nghl fhJ ke;jk;> fhJ typ jPUk;."08
fhJ Fj;jYf;F:
'Jsrp ,iy> kUjhzp Nth; rhwpid Xd;whfr; rk msT fye;J
fhjpy; ,uT XU nrhl;L tplTk;.
jiuf;F Nky; 3 mb tsh;e;jpUf;Fk; Fl;b gid kug;gl;il ntl;b
mLg;gpy; Nghl;L gpopa rhW tUk; me;j rhwpy; 5 nrhl;L jpU ePw;Wg;
gr;rpiy rhW 5 nrhl;L fhjpy; tpl FzkhFk;.
fhjpy; rPo; tbe;jhy;: khJis> fw;whior; rhw;iw vLj;J #Nlw;wpf;
fhjpy; ,uT ,uz;L nrhl;L tpl;lhy; jPUk;.
Ntg;g vz;nza; - 4 mTd;R
trk;G - 5 fpuhk;
G+z;L - 5 fpuhk;
fhpkQ;rs; - 5 fpuhk;
Ntg;ngz;nzapy; ,tw;iw ika miuj;J Nghl;L fha;r;rp tbfl;b
rPrhtpy; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;. fhiy khiy ehd;F Jspfs; fhjpy; tpl;Ltu
FzkhFk;.
08.ruNge;jpu itj;jpa uj;dhtsp> g.110

134
fhJ ,iur;ry;:
Xjpa ,iy> Mkzf;F,iy> KUq;if ,iy> Ks;sq;fp ,iy> ,tw;iw
jdpj;jdpNa gpope;J tiff;F fhy; ypl;lh; vLf;fTk;. gRtpd; ghy; fhy;
ypl;lh;> ey;nyz;nza; miu ypl;lh; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Xd;W Nrh;j;J
mLg;gpNyw;wpf; fha;r;rTk;. 10 fpuhk; mjpkJuj;ij ed;whf miuj;J
,jpy; Nrh;j;J tz;ly; gjk; te;jJk; ,wf;fp rPrhtpy; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;.
fhiy> khiy 4 nrhl;Lfs; fhjpy; tpl;Ltuf; fhjpiur;ry; ePq;Fk.;"09
05. FspaYf;F eWkzj; J}s;:

1. 'ntl;b Nth; - 100 fpuhk;
2. tpshkpr;ir Nth; - 100 fpuhk;
3. khrpg; gr;ir - 100 fpuhk;
4. Nfhiuf; fpoq;F - 100 fpuhk;
5. jpUePw;Wg; gr;rpiy - 100 fpuhk;
6. ed;dhhp Nth; - 100 fpuhk;
7. kukQ;rs; - 50 fpuhk;
8. re;jdf; fl;il - 150 fpuhk;
9. kfpok; G+ - 150 fpuhk;
10. gr;ir mhprp - 100 fpuhk;
11. ghrpg; gUg;G - 100 fpuhk;
ntl;bNth;> khrpg;gr;ir> jpUePw;Wg; gr;ir> kfpok; G+ ,itfis epoypy;
cyh;j;jpf; nfhs;sTk;.
gr;ir mhprp> ghrpg;gUg;G ,itfis Xd;whfg; Nghl;L ,sk; tWtyhf

tWj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
vy;yh ruf;FfisAk; fy; cuypy; Nghl;L ,bj;J gj;jpug;Lj;jTk;.

Fspg;gjw;F Nrhg;Gf;Fg; gjpyhfg; gad;gLj;jpdhy; cly; Rj;jk;> thrid>
nrhwp > rpuq;F> twl;rp Vw;glhJ. nte;ePhpy; Fioj;J jiyapy; Nja;j;Jf;
Fspf;f nghLF> mhpg;G> Kb nfhl;LjYk; ePq;Fk;. Kb kpUJthf
,Uf;Fk;."10
06. gy;:
1. 'ePh; Ks;sp tpij - 200 fpuhk;
2. trk;G - 20 fpuhk;
09.jkpo;
jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.27>28>29
10.rpj;
10 .rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpj;j kUe;Jfs;> g.11>12
135
3. J}a ePh; - 2 ypl;lh;
XU kz; ghidapy; ePh;Ks;sp tpijiag;Nghl;L trk;ig ed;whf

jl;bg;Nghl;L J}aePiu Cw;wp tpwF mLg;gpy; itj;J vhpj;J> vl;by;
xd;whf Rz;lf; fha;r;rp ,wf;fTk;. fhiy gy; Nja;j;j gpd;Dk;> khiy 6
kzpf;Fk; ,uz;L Kiw nfhg;gspf;fTk;. 3 ehl;fSf;Fs; <W fl;ly;>
gy;typ> gy; $r;rk;> <WtPf;fk;> gy; Ml;lk;> Kjypad ePq;Fk;."11
'gbfhuj;ijf; fLf;fha;r; rhw;wpy; fiuj;J me;jr; rhw;wpdhy; thiaf;

nfhg;gspj;jhy; gy; <W Gz;fs; Mwp FzkhFk;. gbfhuj;ij nghb
nra;J Njdpy; Fioj;J gy; <wpy; G+rp tu <W Gz;fs; FzkhFk;."12
'nehr;rp ,iyia miuj;J Rz;ilf;fha; msT itj;J mjpy; rpwpJ

fw;G+uk; Nrh;j;J nrhj;ijg; gy;ypd; Nky; itf;f gw;GOf;fs; ntspg;gLk;.
gy;typAk; FiwAk;."13
gy; Neha;fs; ePq;f gw;nghb:

1. 'rPikf; fy;ehh; - 500fpuhk;
2. Ntg;gk; gl;il - 100fpuhk;
3. fUNtyk; gl;il - 100fpuhk;
4. Myk; tpOJ - 50fpuhk;
5. fLf;fha; Njhy; - 50fpuhk;
6. fpuhk;G - 50fpuhk;
7. fspg;ghf;F - 50fpuhk;
8. gbfhuk; - 50fpuhk;
9. Nrhw;W cg;G - 50fpuhk;
rPikf; fy; ehiu XU kz; rl;bapy; Nghl;L 50fpuhk; Nrhw;W cg;ig 4

ypl;lh; ePhpy; fiuj;J mjpy; Cw;wp 3 ehl;fs; %b itj;J fy;ehiuf;
fOtp cg;G ePiu ePf;fp mjpy; 250 kpy;yp ypl;lh; vYkpr;rk; gor;rhw;wpy;
750 kpy;yp ypl;lh; J}a ePh; fye;J Cw;wp fy;ehiug; Nghl;L 2 ehs;
fopj;J fy;ehiu vLj;J J}a ePhpy; fOtp cyu tpl;L khg;Nghy ,bj;Jf;
nfhs;sTk;. Ntg;gk; gl;il> fUNtyk; gl;il> Myk; tpOJ> fLf;fha;j;
Njhy;> fpuhk;G> fspg;ghf;F ,itfisAk; ,bj;J tbfl;b fy;ehUld;
Nrh;f;fTk;. gbfhuj;ijAk; ,bj;Jg; Nghl;Lf; filrpahf Nrhw;W cg;ig
11.rpj;
11.rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.12>13
12.jkpo;
12 .jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.33
13.mDgt
13 mDgt rpj;j itj;jp;a rpe;jhkzp> g.160
136
kz; rl;bapy; tWj;J ,bj;Jg; Nghl;L ed;whff; fye;J 3 ehl;fs; %b

itj;jpUe;J gad;gLj;jTk;.
gy;typ> G+r;rp> gy; $r;rk;> tha; ehw;wk;> gy; muiz> rPo; tbjy;>
<W tbjy;> <W jbj;jy;> gy; Jl;lk; ePq;Fk;. gy; Rj;jkhFk;. gw;fs;
gykhFk;.
gy; gpur;rid cs;sth;fs; vYkpr;irr; rhW cztpy; Nrh;g;gJ
ey;yJ. ,dpg;ig Fiwf;fTk;. fhiy> ,uT ,uz;L NtiyAk; gy;iy
Jyf;fyhk;."14
7. Kfk;:
'fhiyapy; vOe;jJk; mtiu ,iyr; rhw;iw Kfj;jpy; jltp
itj;jpUe;J xU kzp Neuk; fopj;Jf; Fspj;J te;jhy; Kfk;
gsgsg;gha; ,Uf;Fk;
re;jdj;ij ePhpy; fiuj;J mj;Jld; ghrp gapW Nrh;j;J miuj;J
Kfj;jpy; jltp Cwitj;J Fspj;J te;jhy; Kfj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
fUk;Gs;spfs; kiwe;JtpLk;.
,Q;rp Jz;il ,bj;J rhnwLj;jJ tbfl;b mbapy; Njq;Fk;
kz;bia vLj;J Njd; fye;J Kfj;jpy; G+r Kfg;gUf;fs; tuhJ.
rhjpf;fhia miuj;J rpwpJ re;jdk; Nrh;j;J ,uT gLf;Fk; Kd;
Kfj;jpy; jltp fhiyapy; Kfj;ij fOtp te;jhy; Kfg;gUf;fs;
kiwe;J Kfk; gsgsg;ghfj; Njhd;Wk;.
flw;rq;if nfhz;L te;J gRtpd; ghy;tpl;L ciuj;J gUf;fs; kPJ
jlt Kfg;gUf;fs; kiwe;J Kfk; nghyptilAk;.
Jsrp ,iyr;rhw;iw Kfj;jpy; Nja;j;J ,uT gLj;jpUe;J fhiyapy;
Kfk; fOtp Rj;jk; nra;jhy; Kfk; mofhff; fhl;rp jUk;.
jpUePw;Wg; gr;rpiy> trk;G ,tw;NwhL ,sePh; tpl;L ikNghy miuj;J
gUf;fs; kPJ jlt gUf;fs; kiwAk;."15
,uT cwq;fr; nry;Yk; Kd; gRk;ghypy; Njd;> kQ;rs; nghb> Fq;Fkg;
G+Tk; fye;J rhg;gpl Kfg; nghypT> cly; kpDkpDg;Gj; Njhd;Wk;."16
30 fpuhk; nts;is nkOF 30 fpuhk; Njd;> 30 fpuhk; ntq;fhar;rhW>
30 fpuhk; nts;is my;ypr;rhW Mfpatw;iw XU kz;ghz;lj;jpypl;L
nkOF cUFk; tiuapy; Nyrhd jPapy; fha;r;r Ntz;Lk;. gpwF
fha;r;Rtij epWj;jptpl;L mJ MWk; tiuapy; vy;yhk; xd;wha;r;
14.rpj;
15.vspa
15 .vspa nrytpy; rpj;j kUe;Jfs;> g.15>16
16.jkpo;
16.jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.52
137
NrUk;gb kuf;Fr;rpahy; fyf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; nghUs;fnsy;yhk;

xd;wha;f; fye;J cUthFk; fphPikf; fhiy> khiy Kfj;jpy;
Nja;j;J tu Kfr; RUf;fk; tuhky; Kfg;nghypTld; ,Uf;Fk;."17
08. jiyKb cjpuhkYk; eiuf;fhky; ,Uf;f ijyk;:

01. 'kUe;Njhd;wp ,iy - 100fpuhk;
02. fwpNtg;gpiy - 100fpuhk;
03. fhpryhq;fz;zpr;rhW - 200kpy;yp
04. fPoh ney;ypr;rhW - 200fpuhk;
05. nghd;dhq;fz;zpr;rhW - 200kpy;yp
06. thiog;gl;ilr;rhW - 200 kpy;yp
07. nrk;ghsk; gl;il - 25fpuhk;
08. ntl;b Nth; - 25fpuhk;
09. tpshkpr;ir Nth; - 25fpuhk;
10. f];J}hp kQ;rs; - 25fpuhk;
11. rPe;jpy; nfhb - 25fpuhk;
12. rptdhh; Ntk;G - 25fpuhk;
13. ey;nyz;nza; - 1¼ ypl;lh;
kUNjhd;wp ,iyfisAk;> fwpNtg;gpiy ,iyiaAk; miuj;J cUl;bf;

nfhs;sTk;. nrk;ghsk; gl;il> ntl;b Nth;> tpshkpr;ir Nth;> f];J}hp
kQ;rs;> rPe;jpy; nfhb> rptdhh; Ntk;G ,itfis ,bj;J tbfl;bf;
nfhs;sTk;. XU kz; ghidapy; ey;nyz;nza; Cw;wp tpwfLg;gpy;
itj;J rpW jPahf 5 epkplq;fs; vhpj;Jf; fhpryhq;fz;zpr;rhW>
nghd;dhq;fz;zpr;rhW> thiog;gl;ilr;rhW> fPohney;ypr;rhW> ,itfis
vhpj;J miuj;J itj;j kUNjhd;wp ,iyfiaAk; fwpNtg;gpiy
,iyiaAk; Nghl;L 1 kzp Neuk; vhpj;J ,wf;fp 12 kzp Neuk;
ntapypy; fz;zhbg; ghj;jpuj;jpy; khw;wpf; nfhs;sTk;. 2 ];G+d; msT
ehSk; jltpj; jiy thhpf; nfhs;sTk;. NtW ijyq;fis
gad;gLj;JtJk; vz;nza; Nja;j;Jj; jiy KOFtJk; $lhJ"18
17.rpj;
18.rpj;
18 .rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.72>73
138
09. EiuaPuy;:
'ff;Fthd; ,Uky;
fz;lq;fj;jphpr;rhW - 1¼ gyk;
fUk; Jsrpr;rhW - 2½ gyk;
Mlhnjhilr;rhW - 3¾ gyk;
Njd; - 7¼ gyk;
Rf;F - ½ tuhfd; vil
kpsF - ½ tuhfd; vil
jpg;gpyp - ½ tuhfd; vil
rpw;wuj;ij - ½ tuhfd; vil
jhsprk; - ½ tuhfd; vil
fLf;fha; - ½ tuhfd; vil
ney;yp - ½ tuhfd; vil
jhd;wp - ½ tuhfd; vil
Vyk; - ½ tuhfd; vil
rhjpf;fha; - ½ tuhfd; vil
,ytq;fk; - ½ tuhfd; vil
,ytq;fg;gl;il - ½ tuhfd; vil
Nguuj;ij - ½ tuhfd; vil
mjpkJuk; - ½ tuhfd; vil
rhjpg;gj;jphp - ½ tuhfd; vil
Nky; ruf;Ffis ,bj;J t];jpufhak; nra;J Kd;G nrhd;d

rhWfisAk; NjidAk; Nrh;j;J mLg;gpNyw;wpj; Johtp tu tpuy;
mOe;Jk; gf;Ftj;jpy; ,wf;fTk;. fhiy> khiy ney;yp msT rhg;gpl;L
tuf; ff;Fthd; ,Uky; 90 ehspy; FzkhFk;.
Rthr fhrk;:
fz;lq;fj;jphp Nth;
fz;lq;fj;jphp gok;
rpj;juj;ij
ngUq;fhak;
kpsF
jpg;gpyp
139
fLf;fha;
trk;G
,itfisr; rk msT J}s; nra;J xU B];G+d; msT ,UNtis
Njdpy; nfhLj;J tur; Rthrfhrk; NghFk;
,Uky;:
Njw;whd; tpijfis mLg;gpy; ,l;L tWj;Jr; rpW Jz;Lfshf;fTk;. ,J
1 gyk;
Vyhprp – 1gyk;
jpg;gpyp – 1gyk;
,itfis ,sk; tWg;ghf tWj;J J}s; nra;J Njd; Nrh;j;J Rz;lf;
fha;r;rp khj;jpiu nra;aTk;. ,UkYf;F xU khj;jpiuia thapy; mlf;fp
ckpo; ePiu tpOq;fp tu ,Uky;> njhz;il milg;G Kjypad ePq;Fk;.
rspAld; $ba ,Uky;:

thy; kpsF J}s; 8 mhprp msT Njdpy; fye;J nfhLf;f fgk;
fiue;J ntspg;gl;L ,Uky; jzpAk;.
ey;y kQ;ris Rl;L ed;F miuj;J kapypwifr; Rl;l rhk;giy $l;b
Njd; fye;J nfhLf;f ,Uky; NghFk;.
khh;G rsp:
gpuz;iliaf; fZ ePf;fp tjf;fp gpope;j rhw;iw fhiy> khiy 5 ehs;
nfhLf;f khh;G rsp fiue;J ntspNaWk;.
ryNjh~k;:
c\;zj;jhy; cz;lhd ryNjh\kha; ,Ue;jhy; mjpkJuj;ijr;
#uzpj;J xU B];G+d; msT vLj;J Njdpy; 3 Ntis tPjk; 2-3 ehs;
rhg;gplTk;.
rPjsj;jhy; cz;lhd ryNjh\khf ,Ue;jhy; Rf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp>
jhsprgj;jphp> rpj;juj;ij rk vil vLj;Jr; #uzpj;J xU B];G+d;
msT Njdpy; 3 Ntis rhg;gplTk;."19
19.mDgt
19.mDgt rpj;j itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g.151>154>164>165>166
140
M];Jkh:
"tha;tpsq;fk; mug;nghb rpWehfg; g+
Rf;F ifahe;j fiu thYSitmhprp
rPufk; Mlhnjhil ,ytq;fk;
kpsF ky;yp Jsrp
rpW Njf;F rpj;juj;ij fUg;G
jphpgyh Nfh\;lk; fz;lq;fj;jphp
nrtpak; mjptplak; J}J tis
rpj;jpu%yk; fUQ;rPufk; KRKRf;if Fg;igNkdp
rkmsT #uzpj;J xU B];G+d; Njdpy; fhiy> ,uT 48 Kjy; 96

ehl;fs; rhg;gpl M];Jkh FzkhFk;.
czTf; fl;LghL→ey;nynza;> kPd;> fUthL> G+rzpf;fha;> fpoq;F
tiffs; mfj;jp> vs;> nfhs; vz;nza; gyfhuq;fs; ePf;f Ntz;Lk;.
cg;ig Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;."20
Nkdp ,Uky; #uzk;:

'mjpkJuk; - 50fpuhk;
Rf;F - 20fpuhk;
kpsF - 40fpuhk;
thy; kpsF - 50fpuhk;
jpg;gpyp - 30fpuhk;
rPufk; - 30fpuhk;
,tw;iw ,bj;Jr; #uzpj;J Fg;ig Nkdp ,iyia 200fpuhk; fye;J

itf;fTk;. ,jid Nkdp ,Uky; #uzk; vd;W ngah;. ,ij xd;W
my;yJ ,uz;L B];G+d; rhg;gpl jpBh; ,Uky;> c\;z ,Uky;>
twl;bUky;> GifapUky;> ,Uky; Neha;fs; FzkhFk;. NkYk; tapw;Wf;
NfhshWfs;> if> fhy; Filr;ry;> thAj; njhy;iyfs;> jiytyp>
jiyghuk;> jpBh; tp\ [{uk;> rhjhuz [{uk;> khh;G typ> neQ;R vhpr;ry;
FzkhFk;."21
20.Nehapd;
20.Nehapd;wp tho rpj;j itj;jpak;> g.77>78
21.gpzpfs;
21 .gpzpfs; jPh;f;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk;> g.169>170
141
'Rj;jkhd Njd; - 350fpuhk;

kpsF - 50fpuhk;
nghhpj;j ntq;fhuk; - 25fpuhk;
Njid mLg;gpNyw;wpf; fha;r;rp RLk;NghJ kpsFj; J}isAk; nghhpj;j

ntq;fhuj;ijAk; Nghl;Lf; fyf;fp ,wf;fp tplTk;. ,ij Ntisf;F 10
fpuhk; tPjk; rhg;gpl ,Uky; ePq;Fk;."22
M];Jkh cs;sth;fs; rhg;gpl $lhj czTfs;:

'fha;fwpfs; : Ks;sq;fp> Glyq;fha;> gPh;f;ffha;>
fy;ahzg; G+rzp> Nfhitf;fha;.
fPiufs; : miuf;f;Piu> rpWfPiu> Kisf;fPiu> jz;Lf;fi
P u>
griyf;fPiu
fpoq;Ffs; : Nridf;fpoq;F> Nrg;gq;fpoq;F>
rf;fiuts;spf;fpoq;F> kuts;spf;fpoq;F>
gUg;Gfs; : fliyf; gUg;G> ik#h; gUg;G> fhuhkzp>
NrhahgPd;];
vz;nza; : fliy vz;nza;> ghkhapy;> Njq;fha; vz;nza;
Jitay; : cilj;j fliy (nghl;Lf; fliy) Njq;fha;

mirtk; : kPd;> fUthL> ,why;> Ml;Lf;fwp
CWfha; : vYkpr;ir> khq;fha; kw;Wk; njhf;F tiffs;"23
10 ,Ujak;:
'khuilg;G→,uj;j Foha;fspYk; ,jaj;jpDs;Sk; ,uj;jj;ij Ve;jpr;
nry;Yk; Foha;fs;> ,uj;j mOj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhf Foha; ntbj;J
,uj;j kz;lyj;jpy; nry;y Ntz;ba ,uj;jk; ntspNawp gpw
kz;lyq;fspy; fye;J top tpyfpa ,uj;j Xl;lj;jhy; %r;Rf; Foy;>
czTf; Foy;fspy; ,uj;jk; gha;e;J capUf;F CW tpistpg;gNj
'khuilg;G" vd;fpNwhk;.
22.jkpo;
22 jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.17
23.rpj;
23 .rpj;j kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.123
142
khuilg;G Vw;glhky; jLf;f topfs;:

01. ,uj;jj;jpy; nfhOg;G> cg;G Nghd;w jhJf;fs; mjpfkpy;yhky;
,uj;jj;ijj; J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
02. ,uj;jj;jpy; rh;f;fiu Nghd;w nghUs;fs; ,y;yhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. ,J ,jak;> ,jaj;ijr; Rw;wpa jkdpfspYk; %isg;
gFjpapYk; Vw;glyhk;.,itfspy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,uj;j Foha; milg;G
Neha;fshy; jhd; ngUkstpy; caph;Nrjk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. kw;wg;
gFjpfspy; Vw;gLfpd;w ,uj;jf; Foha; milg;G Nehapdhy; capUf;F
mt;tsthfr; Nrjk; Vw;gLtjpy;iy.
03. czitr; rj;Js;s czthfTk; msitf; Fiwj;Jk; cz;z
Ntz;Lk;. cly; viliaf; $Lkhd msT Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
04. thuj;jpw;F xU ehs; xU NtisahtJ gl;bdp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
05. Gifg; gof;fk;> kJ ghdq;fs; mUe;Jjy;> Nghijg; nghUl;fisg;
gad;gLj;Jjy; mwNt jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
06. Nfhgk;> gak;> kd cisr;ry;> mjph;r;rp Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtph;f;f
Ntz;Lk;.
07. vz;nza;g; gz;lq;fs;> nea;> Kl;il> fpoq;Ffs;> khTg; gz;lq;fs;>
cz;gijj; jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
08. jpdKk; elj;jy;> XLjy;> ePe;Jjy; Nghd;w clw;gapw;rpfs; nra;J gof
Ntz;Lk;.
09. cly; ciog;G ,y;yhjth;fs; ,uz;L Ntis rhg;gpLtJ ey;yJ.
10. thuk; xU Kiw Njq;fha; vz;nza; cly; KOtJk; G+rp #hpa
ntapypy; ed;F fhatpl;L Fspj;Jtpl;lhy; ntg;gj;jhy; ,uj;j
ehsq;fs; tphptile;J khuilg;G Neha; tuhky; jLf;fyhk;.
11. fhgp> B Nghd;w ghdq;fisj; jtph;j;J gR ntz;nza; ePff ; pa Nkhiu
cg;gpy;yhky; Fbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kUe;Jfs;:
Rj;jkhd Njd; fhiy 2 ];G+d; nte;ePhpy; fye;J Fbf;fyhk;.
Kw;wpa Ntg;gpiy> Jsrp ,itfis cyh;j;jp nghbahf;fp jpdKk;
,UNtis nte;ePhpy; jphpfbasT cl;nfhs;syhk;."24
24.Nehapd;
143
',Uja Neha; ,Utifg;gLk;. xd;W ,jaj;jpw;Nf tpahjp Vw;gLtJ.

kw;nwhd;W ,iug;ig> jiy> %is> rpWFly;> fUg;ig Kjypa
cWg;GfSs; xd;wpy; tpahjp Nehpl;L mjd; rhh;ghf ,jaj;jpy; Neha;
NehpLtJ.
Nfhug;gl;L - 150fpuhk;
jhsprgj;jphp - 10fpuhk;
rlh khQ;rpy ; - 10fpuhk;
re;jdj;J}s; - 10fpuhk;
Vyhprp - 20fpuhk;
rPdpr;rh;f;fiu - 500fpuhk;
Nfhug;gl;ilr; rd;dkhff; fj;jhpj;J xU gb jz;zPhpy; Nghl;L %d;W
ehs; Cwitj;J ehd;fhk; ehs; mjid mLg;gpNyw;wpf; fha;r;Rk;NghJ.
Kd; fz;l ehd;F ruf;FfisAk; ieaf; rpijj;J xU Jz;Lj; Jzpapy;
jsu Kbe;J mjpy; Nghl;Lf; fha;r;r Ntz;Lk;. fha;r;Rk;NghJ
kuf;nfhk;gpdhy; mbf;fb me;jg; igiar; frf;fpAk;; tu Ntz;Lk;.
jz;zPuhdJ ehypy; xU ghfkhfr; Rz;bd gpd; gpire;J tbfl;bj; jpg;gp
ePf;fpr; rh;f;fiuiar; Nrh;j;J mLg;gpNyw;wpf; fha;rr
; pg; ghF gjj;jpy;
,wf;fp Mwpd gpd;G rPrhtpy; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;.
10-20 fpuhk; msT jpdKk; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jak; gyk;> ,ja
mjph;r;rp> khh;Gj; Jbg;G> kdf;ftiy> tPz; ftiy Mfpait ePq;Fk;."25
neQ;Rtyp-khuilg;G ePf;Fk; kUe;Jfs;:

01. 'jhkiug; G+ - 50fpuhk;
02. Mthuk; G+ - 50fpuhk;
03. nrk;gUj;jpg; G+ - 50fpuhk;
04. Nuh[hg; g+ - 50fpuhk;
05. fUe;Jsrp - 50fpuhk;
06. rPufk; - 50fpuhk;
07. Nrhk;G - 50fpuhk;
08. fUQ;rPufk; - 50fpuhk;
09. fhl;Lr; rPufk; - 50fpuhk;
10. gpsg;Gr; rPufk; - 50fpuhk;
11. Rf;F - 25fpuhk;
12. kpsF - 25fpuhk;
13. jpg;gpyp - 25fpuhk;
14. Vyf;fha; - 25fpuhk;
25.gpzpfs;
25.gpzpfs; jPh;f;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk;> g.173>174
144
Nkw;fz;l midj;J nghUl;fisAk; Rj;jk; nra;J 15 vYkpr;irg;

gor;rhw;iw gpope;J nta;apypy; ed;F cyh;j;jTk;. rhW Rz;ba gpwF
#uzpj;J jpdOk; fhiy> khiy 3 fpuhk; my;yJ 5 fpuhk; tPjk;
rhg;gpl;L nte;ePh; Fbj;J te;jhy; neQ;R glglg;G> neQ;R typ> uj;j
mOj;jk;> kaf;fk;> Nrhh;T Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs; jPUk;.
J}Jtis> KUq;iffPiu> rpWfP;iu Nth;> Miuf;fPiu> kzj;jf;fhsp>

ty;yhiu> Gjpdh> vYkpr;irr;rhW> nfhj;jky;yp ,it midj;Jk;
,jaj;ij ghJfhf;Fk;."26
'khd;nfhk;G - 250fpuhk;
mfj;jpf;fPiu rhW - 500kpy;yp
Nrhw;Wf;fw;whior; NrhW - 200fpuhk;
J}Jtisr;rhW - 250kpy;yp
khd;nfhk;igr; rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b fy; cuypy; Nghl;L ,bj;J kz;
rl;bapy; Nghl;L %b itj;J tpwfLg;gpy; itj;J 30 epkplq;fs; nfhjpf;f
itj;J rhw;iw tpyf;fp kUe;ij vLj;J Jzpapy; nghl;lyq;fl;b Nrhw;W
fw;whior; NrhW 200fpuhk; kz; rl;bapy; Nghl;L nghl;lyj;ij itj;J 12
kzp Neuk; %b itj;jpUe;J vLj;J kUe;ij fy;tj;jpy; itj;J
J}Jtisr;rhW 250 kpy;yp rpWfr; rpWf tpl;L miuj;J tpy;iy jl;bf;
nfhs;sTk;. kUe;ij kz; mfypy; itj;J kz; mfiy %b 7 Kiw
rPiy kz; nra;J 2 rJu mb cauk; GlkplTk;. Glkpl;l kUe;ijf;
fy;tj;jpy; 12 kzp Neuk; miuj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. kUe;ij 5 mhprp vil
fhiy> khiy 1 ];BG+d; gR nea;apy; rhg;gpl #L> ,Uky;> ePh; vhpr;ry;
FzkhFk;. 1 ];G+d; Njdpy; rhg;gpl khh;G typ> gpj;j vhpT> %r;Rj;
jpzwy;> FzkhFk;. 50 kpy;yp gRk;ghypy; rhg;gpl ,isg;G khWk;.
fizr;#L jzpAk;. cly; typT Vw;gLk;. 1 ];G+d; gR ntz;nzapy;
rhg;gpl Kfg; nghypT ngWk;. twl;rp ePq;Fk;. nrhwp Kjypa Neha;fs;
FzkhFk;. xU Nfhop Kl;ilapd; ntz;fUtpy; fye;J mUe;jp tu
fhrk;> Rthrk; fhrk; ePq;fp cly; eyk; ngWk;. jphpfLF #uzj;Jld;
fye;J rhg;gpl Kj;Njh\q;fSk; ePq;Fk;."27
'nts;isg; g+z;L> ,Q;rp> ,ye;ijg; gok;> mjpkJuk;> Ntg;g ,iy>
Jsrp> tpy;tk;> rPufk;> f];J}hp kQ;rs;> ntw;wpiy> MuQ;R gok;>
ntq;fhak;> fhul;> gidnty;yk; rhg;gpl ,jak; gyk; ngWk;."28
26.rpj;
26.rpj;j kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.111>112
27.rpj;
27 .rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.76>77
28.vspa
28 vspa nrytpy; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;> g.59>60
145
11. ,uj;j mOj;jk;:

,uj;j mOj;jk; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;
01. mjpf ,uj;j mOj;jk;
02. Fiwe;j ,uj;j mOj;jk;
,uj;j mOj;j Neha; ahUf;F tUk; vd;W ghh;j;jhy;>

'Fbg;gof;fk;> Gifg;gpbj;jy;> Kiwaw;w czTfs;> mirtk;>
guk;giu fhuzk;> cly; vil mjpfk;> kd mOj;jk;> kd cisr;ry;>
xU ehisf;F 4>5 Kiw fhgp Fbg;gth;fs; ,th;fSf;nfy;yhk; ,e;j
Neha; tuyhk;.
GNuhl;Bd;> nfhOg;G Nrhbak;> nghl;lhrpak;> fhy;rpak;> nkf;dPrpak;
epiwe;j cztpd; %yk; ,uj;j mOj;jk; Vw;gLk;.
,uj;j mOj;jk; cs;sth; jtph;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

kPd;> Kl;il> Nfhop> ML.
vz;nza; gjhh;j;jk;> CWfha;> cg;G nghUl;fs;> krhyh czTfs;
nea;> td];gjp> ntz;nza;
cyu itj;j ,iwr;rpfs;> czTfs;.
cztpy; cg;ig ghjpahf Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tJ mtrpak;.
,uj;j mOj;jk; Fzkhf:

01. Jsrp - 100fpuhk;
02. ty;yhiu - 100 fpuhk;
03. tpy;tk; - 100 fpuhk;
04. ney;ypf;fdp - 10 fpuhk;
05. fLf;fha; - 10 fpuhk;
06. jhd;wpf;fha; - 10 fpuhk;
07. Mthuk; G+ - 10 fpuhk;
08. nrk;gUj;jpg; g+ - 10 fpuhk;
09. rq;Fg; g+ - 10 fpuhk;
10. rh;g;gfe;jh - 10 fpuhk;
11. jhkiug; g+ - 10 fpuhk;
146
Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; xd;whf;fp nghb nra;J nfhs;sTk;. ,jpy;

jpdOk; fhiy> khiy 5 fpuhk; msT rhg;gpl;L te;jhy; ,uj;j mOj;jk;
(Hyper Tension) rPuhFk;.
mfj;jpf;fPiuia #g; nra;J rhg;gplyhk;. mj;jpg; gpQ;ir rikay;
nra;J rhg;gplyhk;.
mur ,iyia f\hakhf rhg;gplyhk;.
Fiwe;j ,uj;j mOj;jk; Fzkhf:

01. fUq;fhyp - 50fpuhk;
02. fhl;Lf; fpuhk;G - 50fpuhk;
03. ,ye;ij gl;il - 50fpuhk;
04. Vyf;fha; - 50fpuhk;
05. rq;fd; ,iy - 50fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; xd;whf;fp nghb nra;J fhiy> khiy 5 fpuhk;

rhg;gplf; Fiwe;j ,uj;j mOj;jk; (Low Pressure) FzkhFk;.
gz;izf; fPiu> KUq;iff;fPiu rhg;gplyhk;.
nts;isg; G+z;L ghypy; Ntf itj;Jr; rhg;gpyhk;.
kUjk; gl;il f\hak; rhg;gplyhk;."29
'mfj;jpf; fPiuia xU ehs; tpl;L xU ehs; rikj;J rhg;gpl;L
te;jhy; ,uj;jf; nfhjpg;G gbg;gbahf FzkhFk;.
,Q;rpr;rhW> Njd; fye;J fhiy> khiy 1 ];G+d; rhg;gpl;L tu
,uj;jf; nfhjpg;G gbg;gbaha;f; FzkhFk;.
%d;W gw;fs; nts;isg; G+z;il eRf;fp 150 kpy;yp ghYld; fha;r;rp
tbfl;b Mwpag;gpd; ghiyf; Fbj;J tpl;L> G+z;L gw;fis ed;whf
nkd;W rhg;gpl ,uj;j nfhjpg;G gbg;gbahff; FzkhFk;."30
12. tapW :
tapw;wpy; ehf;F G+r;rp
khq;nfhl;il gUg;ig epoypy; cyh;j;jpj; J}s; nra;J 20-40 mhprp vil
Njdpy; Fiyj;J rhg;gpl %y uj;jk; NghtJk;> mjpf khjtplha;
NghtJk; epw;Fk;> tapw;wpy; cs;s ehf;Fg; G+r;rpfs; ntspahFk;.
29.rpj;
29.rpj;j kUj;jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.114>115
30.vspa
30.vspa nrytpy; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;> g.108
147
tapw;Wf; fpUkpfs; ntspg;gl kQ;rs;> nfhd;iw ,iyj;Jsph; ,ij

ik Nghy miuj;J fhiy kl;Lk; 5 ehl;fs; rhg;gpl;L tu fpUkpfs;
$z;NlhL ntspNa te;J tpOk;.
fLf;fha; - 5 fpuhk;. fspg;ghf;F> Ntg;gk; <h;f;F 10 ,itfis
gpuz;ilrhW tpl;L miuj;J tpsf;nfz;izapy; Fog;gp nfhLf;f
tapw;Wg; G+r;rpfs; tpOk;.
ML jPz;lhg; ghis - 1 gpb
G+z;L - 5
kpsF - 10
,tw;iw Nrh;j;J miuj;J %d;W ghfkhf;fp tPl;bw;F J}uk; te;j %d;W
ehSk; mjpfhiyapy; rhg;gpl fh;g;gg;ig GOf;fs; mfYk; fUjq;f
VJthFk;.31
tapw;W typ
'Rf;F> kpsF> jpg;gpyp rkmsT nghb nra;J gR nea;apy; rhg;gpl
tapw;W typ FzkhFk;. Gsp> fhuk; Fiwf;fTk;.
150 kpy;yp nfhjp ePhpy; 6 fpuhk;ig eRf;fp Nghl;L Fbj;J tu tapW
typ FzkhFk;.
10 fpuhk; rjf;Fg;ig tpijia eRf;fp nfhjp ePhpy; 4 kzp Neuk;
Cwg; Nghl;L tbfl;b Fbf;f tapW typ FzkhFk;.
KUq;if ,iyr;rhW 60 kpy;yp 3 Ntis gUf tapW typ ePq;Fk;.
tapw;Wf; fLg;G:
nte;jaj;Jld; japiuf; fye;J cl;nfhs;s tapw;Wf; fLg;G clNd
FzkhFk;.
njhl;lhr;rpZq;fp ,iyia mk;kpapy; miuj;J Rz;lf;fhasT vLj;J
japhpy; rhg;gpl FzkhFk;.
khJsk;goj; Njhy; fUfr; Rl;L J}s; nra;J 10 fpuhk; msT vLj;J
100 kpy;yp NkhUld; fhiy kl;Lk; %d;W ehl;fs; rhg;gpl FzkhFk;.
fhl;lhj;jpg; G+ 15 fpuhk; 500 kpy;yp jz;zPhpy; Nghl;L 250 kpy;yp Mf
fha;r;rp fhiyapy; kl;Lk; rhg;gpl FzkhFk;.
31.mDgt
31 mDgt rpj;j itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g. 165>173
148
tpf;fYf;F :
Rf;F 5 fpuhk;> nty;yk; 10 fpuhk; rhg;gpl FzkhFk;.
Ks;sq;fp tpf;fiy epWj;Jk;.
kapy; ,wF rhk;gy; - 10 fpuhk;
rPufk; - 20 fpuhk;
jpg;gpyp - 20 fpuhk;
xd;whf;fp rpl;bif msT Njdpy; rhg;gplTk;.32
the;jp epw;f :
ney;yp tw;wy; - 10 fpuhk;
ney;nghhp - 10 fpuhk;
rPufk; - 10 fpuhk;
,e;j ehd;F nghUisAk; f\hak; nra;J rhg;gpl;lhy; the;jp epw;Fk;.

Jj;jpg; G+ - 10 fpuhk;
mjpkJuk; - 10 fpuhk;
,e;j %d;iwAk; eUf;fp f\hak; itj;J rhg;gpl the;jp epw;Fk;.

mjptplak; - 10 fpuhk;
#uzpj;J 2 fpuhk; Njdpy; rhg;gpl the;jp epw;Fk;.
tapw;W typ ePq;f:

Xkk; - 10 fpuhk;
fUg;gl;b - 10 fpuhk;
,e;Jg;G - 10 fpuhk;
G+z;L - 10 fpuhk;
Rf;F - 10 fpuhk;
Ntg;ge;Jsph; - 10 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l nghUs;fis vOkpr;irr;rhW Nrh;j;J ed;whf miuj;J jpdKk;
Rz;ilf;fha; msT rhg;gpl;L te;jhy; tapw;W typ FzkhFk;."33
'ew;rPufk; - 100 fpuhk;
32.jkpo;
32.jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.32>33
33.rpj;
33 .rpj;j kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.170> 173
149
Xkk; - 100 fpuhk;

,uz;ilAk; ,sk; tWg;ghf tWj;Jf; fw;fz;L 100 fpuhk; Nrh;j;J %d;W
NtisAk; RLePhpy; Fbj;J tu tapw;W typ FzkhFk;.
KUq;if ,iyr;rhW - 50 fpuhk;

ew;rPufk; - 50 fpuhk;
,uz;Lk; miuj;J Fbf;f jPuhj tapw;W typ FzkhFk;.
ehl;gl;l tapw;W typahf ,Ue;jhy;

mj;jpapiy - 100 fpuhk;
Ntg;gpiy - 100 fpuhk;
fPohney;yp - 100 fpuhk;
Fg;ig Nkdp - 100 fpuhk;
,tw;iw ed;F cyh;j;jp nghb nra;J xU ehisf;F %d;W NtisAk;
cztpw;F Kd;dhy; 5 fpuhk; J}is thapy; Nghl;L jz;zPh; Fbf;f
tapw;W typ> tapw;wg; Gz; FzkhFk;."34
tapw;Wg;Gz; :
01. ',iug;ig Gz;
02. ,iug;igAk; rpWFlYk; NrUk; ,lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Gz;
03. rpWFly; Gz;
04. tha;g;Gz;
05. Fly;thy; mow;rp
Flw;Gz; tUtjw;F fhuk;> Gsp> Gif> kJ fhuzkhfpwJ. Flw;Gz; mjpf

ehl;fsha; clk;gpy; ,Ue;jhy; rPuzf;NfhshW> ,uj;jNrhif>
euk;Gjsh;r;rp> ,uj;jmOj;jk; Nghd;w Neha;fs; Vw;gLk;. tapw;Wg;Gz;
MWtjw;F ntz;G+rzpr;rhW> thioj;jz;Lr;rhW> mUfk;Gy;rhW Njd;
fye;J czTf;F Kd; fhiy> khiy Fbj;J tu tapw;Wg;Gz; tpiutpy;
FzkhFk;."35
'Njq;fha;g;ghy;> nghLjiy rhW rkmsT vLj;Jf; nfhz;L mjpy; 2

rpl;bif msT gbfhuk; Nrh;j;J 3-4 Ntis thapy; jlt tha;g;Gz;
FzkhFk;."36
34.Nehapd;
35.Nehapd;
35 .Nehapd;wp tho rpj;j itj;jpak;> g.65>66
36.mDgt rpj;j itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g.161
36.mDgt
150
Fly;Gz; Njhd;wf; fhuzk; :

'Njitf;F mjpfkhd czT
kdf;ftiy
khTr;rj;Js;s czT
nghUe;jhj cztpd; Nrh;f;if
itl;lkpd;> jhJ cg;Gfs; Fiwjy;
jtwhd Neuq;fspy; cz;Zjy;
rhpahf czit nky;yhik
kykpsf;fpis mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jjy;
Nghd;w gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; Fly;Gz; Vw;gLfpwJ.
cztpy; filgpbf;f Ntz;bait:

fisg;G> czh;r;rp> nfhe;jspg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ czT
cz;zf;$lhJ.
grpapy;yhky;> tha; cyh;e;jpUf;Fk; NghJ cz;Zjy; $lhJ.
czit nkd;W jpd;d Ntz;Lk;
mjpf #L> Fsph;r;rp MfhJ.
fhur;rl;dp> tWty;> kpsfha;> kpsF> krhyhg; nghUl;fs; fhg;gp> NjePh;>
kJ> Gif jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
nfha;ah> md;dhrp kw;Wk; Gspg;G cs;s fdpfs; xt;thJ> MuQ;R
vYkpr;irr; rhw;iw ntWk; tapw;wpy; gUff;$lhJ.
my;rUf;F Vw;w czTfs;:
ghy;> ntz;iz> goq;fs;> gr;irf; fha;fwpfs; Ntfitj;j
fha;fdpfs;> thiog;gok;
Nful;> nts;shp> gPl;Ul; rpwe;j czT
Kl;ilNfhir ePhpy; Ntfitj;J me;j ePiu jpdk; ,uz;L Ntis
gUFtjhy; Fzk; fpilf;Fk;."37
'jpdKk; 150 kpy;yp msTf;F jpuhl;irg; gor;rhW gUfp te;jhy;
my;rh; FzkhFk;.
01. KUq;if tpijg; nghb - 25 fpuhk;
02. mj;jp ,iyg; nghb - 25 fpuhk;
03. ehty; ,iyg; nghb - 25 fpuhk;
04. rg;Nghl;lh ,iyg; nghb - 25 fpuhk;
37.gpzpfs;
151
05. Fg;ig Nkdp ,iyg;nghb - 25 fpuhk;

06. thiog;G+ nghb - 50 fpuhk;
07. kzj;jf;fhsp - 50 fpuhk;
,tw;iw xd;whff; fye;J czTf;F Kd;dh; 1 B];G+d; nghbiaj;
jz;zphpy; fye;J 48 ehl;fs; rhg;gpl;L tu my;rh; Neha; FzkhFk;."38
01. ney;ypf;fdp - 20 fpuhk;

03. jhd;wpfha; - 20 fpuhk;
04. epy Ntk;G - 20 fpuhk;
05. kQ;rs; - 20 fpuhk;
06. ghjhk; gprpd; - 20 fpuhk;
07. fhtpf;fy; - 20 fpuhk;
08. mk;khd; gr;rhprp - 20 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l nghUs;fs; midj;ijAk; xd;whff; fye;J nghb nra;J

nfhs;sTk;. ,jpy; fhiy> khiy 5 fpuhk; msTf;F 21 ehl;fs;
rhg;gpl;lhy; my;rh; FzkhFk;."39
14. kQ;rs; fhkhiy:

',uj;jj;jpy; gpspUgpd; vd;w mkpyk; (gpj;j ePh;) mjpfkhfp rpWePh;> kyk;>
,uj;jk; Nghd;w midj;Jk; kQ;rs; epwj;ij miltNj kQ;rs; fhkhiy
vd;fpNwhk;. ,e;Nehapd; mwpFwp rpWePh;> fz;> ehf;F> cly; midj;Jk;
kQ;rs; epwkhf khWk;.
fhkhiy Vw;glf; fhuzq;fs;:
01. nghJthf cly; eyk; nfLtJ.
02. fhw;Nwhl;lkpd;ik.
03. mRj;jk; fye;j ePiug; gUFjy;.
04. J}a;ikaw;w czit njhlh;e;J cz;L tUjy;.
05. Gif> nghb> kJ mUe;Jjy; mjpf msT kUe;J cl;nfhs;Sjy;.
06. vz;nza;g; nghUl;fs; mjpfkhd cz;Zjy;.
jtph;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

01. vz;nza; gjhh;j;j czTfs;
02. mirt czTfs;> ntz;nza;> nea;> ghyhilf;fl;b>
38.vspa
38.vspa nrytpy; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;> g.77>78
39..rpj;j kUj;
39 kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.161>162
152
03. bd;nghUl;fs;> rhf;Nyl;> I];fphPk;> Nff;> japh;> Njq;fha;> urk;>

Gspj;j czTfs;
04. fliy khT> jf;fhsp> fpoq;Ffs;> NfhJik czTfs;>
05. gr;ir kpsfha;> thiof;fha;> nfhj;jtuq;fha;> ghfw;fha;
Nrh;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

01. ,l;yp> ,bahg;gk;> mhprp fQ;rp> ghy; fQ;rp
02. ,sePh;
03. kzj;jf;fhsp> nghd;dhq;fz;zp> Kisf;fPiu> jz;Lf;fPiu>
nte;jaf;fPiu> gUg;Gf;fPiu
04. mtiug; gpQ;R> KUq;ifg; gpQ;R> fj;jhpg; gpQ;R>
05. Kisf;fl;ba gaWfs;> thiog; g+> thioj; jz;L> fy;ahzg; g+rzp>
ntz;ilf;fha;> Nfhitf;fha;> Rz;ilf;fha;> Ks;sq;fp
06. kQ;rs; fhkhiy FzkhFk; tiu cztpy; cg;igf; Fiwj;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
fPoh ney;yp - 50 fpuhk;
fhpryhq;fz;zp - 50 fpuhk;
nfhl;ilf;fue;ij - 50 fpuhk;
kQ;rs; - 50 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l midj;Jg; nghUs;fisAk; nghb nra;J fhiy> khiy 3
fpuhk; rhg;gpl kQ;rs; fhkhiy FzkhFk;.
rq;fk; Nth;g;gl;il - 50 fpuhk;
,tw;iw vYkpr;irr;rhW Nrh;j;J Rz;ilf;fha; msT gRk;ghypy; 3
ehl;fs; rhg;gpl kQ;rs; fhkhiy FzkhFk;.
rPufk; - 50 fpuhk;
nghbahf;fp 7 ehl;fs; fhiy>khiy rhg;gpl;L tu kQ;rs;fhkhiy
FzkhFk;."40
'kQ;rs; fhpryhq;fz;zp
fPo;f;fha; ney;yp
Ntk;G
tpy;tk;
rpW neUQ;rp
40.rpj;
g.156>157
153
Nkw;nrhd;d ,iyfis rk msthf vLj;J 1 ];G+d; RLePhpy; my;yJ

Nkhhpy; fhiy>khiy 200 kpy;yp Fbf;fTk;.
vYkpr;ir gor;rhw;wpid ½ gok; gpope;J RLephpy; fhiy> khiy
Fbf;fTk;
Nfhtf;fha; ,iyia ed;F miuj;J ntz;nza; my;yJ Nkhhpy;
fye;J Fbf;fTk;."41
'fPoh ney;yp r%ykhf vLj;J kz; ,y;yhky; Rj;jk; nra;J
vYkpr;ir msT gR Nkhhpy; nfhLj;J cg;gpy;yh gj;jpak; 3 ehs;
,Ue;jhy; FzkhFk;.
jpuhl;ir gok; - 25
rptij Nth; gl;il - 5rpl;bif
Nrh;j;J nfhLj;jhy; Rfkhf kykhfp ntspahFk;. #l;il fpsg;gp tplhJ.
fPoh ney;yp> rPufk; ,uz;ilAk; miuj;J ntz;nza; Nghy
mk;kpapNy miuj;Jr; Rz;ilf;fha; msT nts;shl;Lg; ghYld;
nfhLf;f clNd FzkhFk;.
rq;fd; Nth;g; gl;il - 4 fpuhk;

mjpkJuk; - 4 fpuhk;
rPufk; - 4 fpuhk;
ntq;fhak; - 10 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;ltw;iw mk;kpapy; ed;whf miuj;Jg; gRe;japhpy; mjpfhiyapy;
%d;W ehl;fs; rhg;gpl kQ;rs; fhkhiy Neha; ePq;Fk;."42
"MFq; fPo;f;fhapd; ney;yp ePh;Ks;spAk;

VFk; Nfhitj; jz;Lld; tPopNtUk;
ghFk; G+turd; gl;il njhl;bNth;
rhFQ; rpWG+is njhl;bAQ; Nrh;j;jpNl.
Nrh;j;Jj; J}Sld; neQ;rpaJ fPiu
Ch;j;J CQ;rypd; epythifg; gl;ilAk;
ghh;j;Jf; fLf;fha; gUj;j NuhfzpAk;
Mh;j;Jr; rPuq; fUQ;rPuq; $l;bNl.
$l;b xd;wha; tpbj;JNk njhz;bNa
Ml;b MW ghfkhf ePnaL….
$l;b ghfk; xUgb jz;zPhpy;
%l;bf; fha;r;rp gpope;J tbfl;b
41.Nehapd;
41 Nehapd;wp tho rpj;j itj;jpak;> g.73
42.gpzpfs;
154
MWehs; fhiyapy; cz;bl.

kl;LNk cg;G kq;ifNa js;spL
tpl;L NthL kjph;f;Nfhit ghz;LTk;
nfl;L NthLk; kNfhjuk; gPypNa.
gPyp Nuhfk; nghUky; ,isg;Gfs;
fPyp Nrhifapd; fhkhiy tPf;fKk;
ePyp fz;zpdpy; jz;zPh; tbjYk;
Nrhyp tpl;LNk nrhy;yhJ XLNk.
fPo;f;fha; ney;yp> ePh;Ks;sp> Nfhitj;jz;L> tPopNth;> G+turd;gl;il>
njhl;bNth;> rpWG+is njhl;b> neUQ;rp ,iy> epythifg; gl;il>
fLf;fha;> Nuhfzp> rPufk;> fUQ;rPufk;> ,itfis xd;whf nghbj;J
Mwpy; xU gq;fhf fha;r;rp fhiyapy; MW ehl;fs; cl;nfhs;s
ePh;f;Nfhit> ghz;L> kNfhjuk;> gPypif> nghUky;> ,isg;G> Nrhif>
fhkhiy> tPf;fk;> fz;zpy; ePh; tbjy; Nghd;w Neha;fs; FzkhFk;."43
'kQ;rs; fhpryhq;fz;zp> tpy;tk;> ty;yhiu> ney;yp> fpohney;yp

,iyr;rhWfis rkmsT vLj;J jpdOk; fhiy 15 ehl;fs; Fbj;J tu
kQ;rs; fhkhiy FzkhFk;. jh;g;g+rzpr;rhWk; Fbf;fyhk;."44
'rpW Mkzf;F ,iyia miuj;J xU vYkpr;rk; gok; msT vLj;J

mjpy; 3 gq;F ntz;nza; Nrh;j;J fhiy xU Ntis kl;Lk; rhg;gplTk;.
md;W ehs; KOtJk; cg;gpy;yhj fQ;rp rhg;gplTk;. kWehs; Ks;sq;fp
rhW vLj;J rh;f;fiu fye;J fhiyapy; kl;Lk; xU Ntis 10 ehl;fs;
rhg;gpl FzkhFk;."45
15 kyr;rpf;fy;:
'kyr;rpf;fy; gy rpf;fy;fis cUthf;Fk;. kyr;rpf;fypdhy; clypy; gy
NfhshWfs; Vw;gLk;. mit>
01. thA mjpfkhfp tapW cg;Grk; Vw;gLk;.
02. grpapd;ik Vw;gl;L uj;jf; FiwT Neha; cz;lhFk;.
03. ePbj;j kyr;rpf;fyhy; my;rh; cz;lhFk;
04. Fly; thy; Neha; Vw;gLk;.
05. Gj;jp ke;jk; cz;lhFk;.
06. khjtpyf;Ff; NfhshWfs; Vw;gLk;.
07. tha; ehw;wk; cly; ehw;wk; cz;lhFk;.
43.Njiuah;
43.Njiuah; itj;jpak; 1000> g.130>131
44.,aw;
44.,aw;if czNt Neha; jPh;f;Fk; kUe;J> g.320
45.mDgt
155
epyhtiu - 100 fpuhk;

Xkk; - 10 fpuhk;
ngUq;fhak; - 10 fpuhk;
Nuh[hg;G+ - 50 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; xd;whf fye;J nghb nra;J jpdKk; ,uT
rhg;gphl;bw;F gpd; 5 fpuhk; nte;ePhpy; rhg;gp;l kyr;rpf;fy;> thAf; NfhshW
tapw;W cg;Grk; Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs; jPUk;. Fly; GOf;fSk; rhFk;."46
kyr;rpf;fy;> ePq;f nra;aNtz;baitfs

aitfs;
itfs:
01. czit ed;F nkd;W epjhdkhfTk;> msthfTk; cl;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
02. mbf;fb czT cl;nfhs;sy;> jpd;gz;lq;fs;> vz;nza; nghUl;fis
jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
03. ,utpy; Fiwthd czit cl;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
04. fhuk;> cg;G> Gsp Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;.
05. ,utpy; goq;fs;> fha;fs;> kl;Lk; cz;z Ntz;Lk;.
06. gfy; cztpy; kl;Lk; jpdKk; fPiufisg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
07. mhprpNrhW> fpoq;Ffs; jtph;j;jy; my;yJ Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
08. tpsf;nfz;nzia gfy; cztpy; kl;Lk; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
09. jpdKk; fhiy> khiy %d;W fpNyh kPl;lh; ele;J gof Ntz;Lk;.
10. kyr;rpf;fy; cs;sth;fs; fhiy> ,uT Mwpa nte;ePh; 500 kpy;yp
47
Fbf;f Ntz;Lk;."
',utpy; gLf;fr; nry;Yk;Kd; ,uz;L G+td; thiog;goq;fs; rhg;gpl;L
ghy; gUfptu> kyr;rpf;fy; Vw;glhJ.
fLf;fha; - 100 fpuhk;
fpuhk;G - 18 fpuhk;
,uz;ilAk; Nrh;j;J 1 B];G+d; rhg;gpl;L nte;ePh; gUf kyr;rpf;fy;
ePq;Fk;"48
'gR nea;
gRk;ghy;
gR %j;jpuk;
46.rpj;
47.Nehapd;
48.mDgt
48 mDgt rpj;j itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g.163
156
gRk; japh;
gRQ;rhzpg;ghy;
,e;Jg;G
,itfs; tiff;F 5 gyk; Nrh;j;J fha;r;rp tbj;J 10 kpy;yp msT ,uT
gLf;Fk; NghJ rhg;gpl;L tu kyr;rpf;fy; FzkhFk;."49
16 ngz;fSf;F Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfs;:

'ngUk;ghL Vw;gl fUg;igapy; fl;b> gpsit> Gz; Nghd;wtw;iw
Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;. ngUk;ghl;bdhy; ,uj;j Nrhif Neha; Vw;gLk;.
ehfgl;il
mj;jpg;gl;il
Mthuk; gl;il
%d;iwAk; rk msT #uzpj;J 500 kpy;yp jz;zPh; 100 kpy;ypahf
fha;r;rp gid nty;yk; Nrh;j;J fhiy> khiy 10 ehl;fs; gUfyhk;.
Mthuk; g+
nrk;gUj;jpg; g+
thiog; g+
rk msthf;fpr; Rj;jk; nra;J nfhjpf;f itj;Jg; gdq;fw;fz;L Nrh;j;J
xU ehisf;F %d;W Ntis 48 ehl;fs; gUfp tu ePz;l ehs; ngUk;ghL
G+uz FzkhFk;.
mj;jp ,iy
ehif ,iy
mUfk;Gy;
tpy;t ,iy
Ntg;gpiy
fpoh ney;yp ,iy
,itfis Rj;jk; nra;J ePh; njspj;J ,bj;J rhW vLj;J fhiy>
khiy 48 ehl;fs; Fbf;f G+uz FzkhFk;.
kUe;J cz;Zk; fhyj;jpy; MW khjk; tiu fhuk;> Gsp> fUthL>
Nfhop> gr;ir kpsfha; rhg;gpl $lhJ. mwNt Gif> Gifapiy ePf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
nts;isghL:
Nrhw;Wf;fw;whio (Fkhp) kly;fis nfhz;L te;J Nky; Njhiy ePf;fp
kz; ghz;lj;jpy; ,l;L fw;fz;L nghb kiy my;yJ Ngad;
49.mDgt
49 mDgt rpj;j itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g.163
157
thiog;gok; rk msthfg; Nghl;L ed;F fyf;Fk; gb nra;J fhiy>

khiy 30 kpy;yp cl;nfhs;s nts;isg;ghL FzkhFk;.
ntz;G+rzpr;rhW japhpy; 30 ehl;fs; fhiy Fbj;J tu FzkhFk;."50
'nts;sWif japhpy; miuj;J fhiy kl;Lk; 3 Kjy; 5 ehl;fs;
rhg;gpl;L tu nts;isg;gLjy; epw;Fk;.
ku kQ;rs;
nrQ;re;jdk;
epy Ntk;G
Nfhiuf; fpoq;F
tpy;t gl;il
Mlhnjhil ,iy
,itfis rkmsthf itj;J 500 kpy;yp ePhpy; fha;r;rp 100 kpy;ypahf;fp
fhiy khiy 10 ehl;fs; Fbf;f ngUk;ghL FzkhFk;.
f];J}hp kQ;rs; - 12 fpuhk;
ney;yp Ks;sp - 24 fpuhk;
,uz;ilAk; J}s; nra;J xU fpuhk; msT ey;nyz;nza;apy; Fioj;J
7 ehl;fs; rhg;gpl nts;isg;gLjy; FzkhFk;"51
khjtplha; tuhjth;fSf;F kUe;J:

'ghh;j;J Ntypg; gUj;jpf; nfhOe;jjpy;
khh;j;J ehiye;Jit kpsife;J ehy;
Nrh;j;J jl;bf; jpul;b miuj;Jld;
Njh;j;J ehNs opUNghJ Kz;bNl
cz;L nfh;g;gj;jpYs;s thATq;
fz;L Nthbf; foz;L ePUtpOk;
Gz;L Tg;Gg; GspGif js;sptpl;
jz;L ntd;dPNuh ld;dK %l;bNl
Ntypg; gUj;jp nfhOe;jpy; ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J kpsif itj;J
miuj;J ,uz;L NtisAk; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; fh;g;g tha;T
jPUk;. khjtplha; tuhjth;f;F khjtplha; fhZk;. Gsp> Gif> cg;G> ePf;f
Ntz;Lk;. czit nte;ePUld; rhg;gpl Ntz;Lk;."52
'ty;yhiu> Mthuk; G+> G+rzpr; rhW> Njd; fye;j vYkpr;irr; rhW>

ney;ypf;fha;r;rhW> Njq;fha;> MuQ;R> jpuhl;ir> thiog; goq;fs;> gRq;
50.Nehapd;
51.mDgt
51 .mDgt itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g.154>157>172
52.Njiuah;
52.Njiuah; itj;jpak;- 1000> g.118
158
fha;fwpfs; rhg;gplTk;. mbtapw;wpy; <uj;Jzp NghLtJ ey;yJ. cztpy;

ghy;> japh;> nea;> Nkhh;> mirt czTfs; ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. khjtplha;
mjpfkhf Nghtnjd;why; Ntfitj;j thiog;G+Tld; japh; fye;J
rhg;gpl;lhy; Fzk; ngWk;. ethg;gor; rhW> ney;ypf;fha;r; rhW> Njd;
fye;J rhg;gpl mjpf khjtplha;> Fiwg; gpurtk;> ,uj;jr; Nrhif
FzkhFk;."53
'Nuh[h Fy;fe;J fhiy> khiy fow;rpf;fha; msT rhg;gpl fUg;ig
gykilAk;.
MLjpd;dhg; ghis tpijr; #uzk; 5 fpuhk; tpsf;nfz;nzapy;
rhg;gpl Ngjpahf #jfj; jil ePq;Fk;.
rjf;Fg;ig> fUQ;rPufk;> kukQ;rs; rk msT nghb nra;J vilf;F
rkd; msT gid nty;yk; fye;J 5 fpuhk; Nrhk;Gf; FbePUld;
nfhLj;J tu cjpur;rpf;fy; jPh;e;J fUg;ig gyg;gLk;.
ty;yhiu> cj;jhkzp rk msT Nrh;j;J miuj;J 10 fpuhk; 4 ehs;
nte;ePhpy; rhg;gpl #jfr;rpf;fy; jPUk;.
,ye;jg;gl;il 40 fpuhk;> khJsk; gl;il 40 fpuhk; nghb nra;J miu
ypl;lh; ePhpy; Nghl;Lf; fha;r;rp 125 kpy;ypahf;fp ehd;F Ntis
Fbj;Jtu jPuhj ngUk;ghLj; jPUk;.
tpshk;gprpd; cyh;j;jpj;J}s; nra;J fhiy>khiy 1 rpl;bif
ntz;nzAld; fye;J rhg;gpl ngUk;ghL jPUk;.
ngz; kyL ePq;f:
mNrhfg; gl;il
khJis Nth;gl;;il
khJsk; go XL
rkmsT #uzk; nra;J 3 rpl;bif fhiy khiy nte;ePhpy; cl;nfhs;s
120 ehl;fspy; ngz;kyL jPUk;.
,ye;ij ,iy - 1gpb msT
kpsF - 6
g+z;L - 4
miuj;J khjtpyf;fhd Kjy; 2 ehl;fs; nfhLj;J tuf; fUg;igf;
Fw;wq;fs; ePq;fpf; Foe;ijg;NgW fpl;Lk;.
khJis Nth;gl;il> kug;gl;il> tpij rkdsT #uzpj;J 3 fpuhk;
fhiy> khiy nte;ephpy; rhg;gpl fh;g;g fpUkpfs; mope;J gps;isNgW
cz;lhFk;.
53.,aw;
53.,aw;if czNt Neha; jPh;f;Fk; kUe;J> g.119
159
kiyNtk;G ,iyr;rhW 10 kpy;yp ghypy; fye;J khjtpyf;fpd;

%d;whk; ehs; fhiy gUfp tu fUg;igf; Fw;wq;fs; ePq;fp kfg;NgW
tha;f;Fk;."54
'fhpa Nghsk; - 10 fpuhk;
kpsF - 10 fpuhk;
ntq;fhuk; - 10 fpuhk;
nghb nra;J Njd; fye;J 1 B];G+d; fhiy>khiy rhg;gpl
#jff;NfhshWfs; ePq;Fk;.
khq;nfhl;ilapd; cs;spUf;Fk; gUg;ig vLj;J ntapypy; cyug;
NghlTk;. ,ij ,bj;J nghb nra;J 1 B];G+d; Rj;jj; NjDld;
Fioj;J rhg;gplTk;. 3 ehs; 6 Ntis rhg;gpl mjpf uj;jg; Nghf;F
epw;Fk;.
gpuz;il cg;ig 1 fpuhk; msT vLj;J 3 Ntis ntz;nzapy;
Fioj;J rhg;gpl tapw;W typ> ,uj;jg; Nghf;F mjpfk;> FiwT
gpur;rpidfs; jPUk;."55
17.kfg;Ngw;wpw;Fg; gpwF cz;z Ntz;ba elfha kUe;J:

01. 'mjpkJuk; - 25 fpuhk;
02. Vy mhprp - 25 fpuhk;
03. rPufk; - 25 fpuhk;
04. [hjpf;fha; - 25 fpuhk;
05. [hjpg;gj;jphp - 25 fpuhk;
06. fUQ; rPufk; - 25 fpuhk;
07. thy; kpsF - 25 fpuhk;
08. ,ytq;fg;gj;jphp - 25 fpuhk;
09. FWrhzp Xkk; - 25 fpuhk;
10. jhsprg;gj;jphp - 25 fpuhk;
11. ,ytq;fg;gl;il - 25 fpuhk;
12. mhprp jpg;gpyp - 25 fpuhk;
13. mhprp jpg;gpyp %yk; - 25 fpuhk;
15. Xkk; - 300 fpuhk;
16. Rf;F - 50 fpuhk;
18. ngUQ;rPufk; - 50 fpuhk;
54.%ypif
54.%ypif kUj;Jtk;> g.252> 253
55.jkpo;
55 .jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.55>56
160
19. guq;fpr; rf;if - 50 fpuhk;

20. frfrh - 100 fpuhk;
21. gidnty;yk; - 2 fpNyh
22. gRnea; - 2 fpNyh
xd;W Kjy; ,UgJ ruf;Ffis kz;rl;bapy; Nghl;L ,sk; tWtyhf
tWj;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. ,Uk;Gf; flhapy; gid nty;yj;ij
,bj;Jg; Nghl;L 400 kpy;yp gRk;ghiy Cw;wp tpwF mLg;gpy; itj;J
ghF gjk; te;jJk; kUe;Jr; ruf;ifg; Nghl;L ed;whff; fpz;b ,WFk;
rkaj;jpy; nea;ia Cw;wpf; fpz;b ,wf;fTk; Mwpa gpd; kUe;ij
fz;zhb my;yJ gPq;fhd; ghj;jpuj;jpy; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;.
kfg;NgW Kbe;J 18 ehl;fs; fopj;J kUe;Jz;zj; Jtq;fTk;. fhiy>
,uT czTf;F gpd; 40 ehl;fSf;F Nky; 80 rhl;fs; tiuapYk;
cl;nfhs;s tapW njhlh;ghd Neha;fs; ePq;Fk;. cly; ey;y typikAk;
tdg;Gk; Vw;gLk;. jha;g;ghy; nfhLf;Fk; jha;khh;fSf;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;Fk;
,J kpfTk; ey;yJ. kUe;J cz;Zk; ehl;fspy; goq;fs;> Fsph;e;j
ghdq;fs; ,itfisf; fz;bg;ghf ePf;fTk;."56
18.,uj;j Nrhif:
',uj;jNrhif Neha; Vw;glf; fhuzk;> ,e;Neha; mjpfkhd ngz;fSf;F
Vw;gLfpwJ.
01. khjtplha; fhyj;jpYk; gpurtj;jpd; NghJk; ngz;fSf;F mjpfkhd
mstpy; ,uj;jk; NrjhukhfpwJ.
02. fhaq;fs;> %f;fpypUe;J ,uj;jk; nfhl;Ljy;> ,iug;igapy; Gz; Vw;gl;L
,uj;jk; ntspNaWjy; Nghd;w fhuzq;fshYk; xUtUf;F
,uj;jNrhif Vw;glyhk;.
03. gy ehl;fs; czT cl;nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jhy; clypd; cWjp
Fiye;J ,uj;jNrhif Vw;gLk;.
04. kNyhpah Nghd;w fha;r;rypdhy; tp\f;fpUkpfs; ,uj;jj;jpy; fye;J
tpl Neh;e;jhy; mit ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s rptg;G mZf;fis
mopj;JtpLk;. mjdhy; ,uj;j Nrhif Vw;gLk;
05. tapw;wpy; Gw;W> gpj;jg;igapy; Gw;W> ilgha;L Ruk;> thj Nuhfk;>
Kjypa tpahjpfs; cz;Zk; cztpd; rj;Jg; nghUl;fs; clk;gpy;
NruhkYk;> GJ ,uj;jk; cw;gj;jpahfhkYk; jLf;fpd;wd. ,tw;whYk;
,uj;jNrhif Njhd;Wk;.
56.rpj;
56.rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.13>14>15
161
06. <a Ntiy nra;gth;fs;> ntb kUe;J jahhpf;Fk; njhopypy;

<LgLgth;fs;> Nkf fpue;jp Neha; cs;sth;fs; Mfpath;fSf;F ,uj;j
Nrhif Vw;gLk;.
07. nfhf;fpg;GO Nghd;w Flw;GOf;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mit ,uj;jj;ij
cwpQ;rp tpLtjhy; ,uj;jNrhif Vw;gLk;.
,uj;j Nrhifapd; mwpFwpfs; cly; ntSj;Jf; fhzg;gLk;. mjpf
fisg;G> jiytyp> %r;rpiug;G> cjL> tha;>ehf;F> fz; ,ikfspd;
cl;Gwk; ntSj;jpUf;Fk;. Nrhh;T> gytPdk;> gbf;fNth> vKjNth> Ntiy
nra;aNth tpUg;gk; ,y;yhik> fz;fSf;F Kd; nghhp gwj;jy;>
fhJfspy; 'neha;" vd;w Xir Nfl;ly;> ,jak; glglg;gha; ,aq;Fjy;>
czT cl;nfhz;lTld; Nky; tapw;wpy; typ> fdk; Mfpa Fwpfs; ,uj;j
Nrhif cs;sth;fsplk; fhzg;gLk;.
,Uk;Gr; rj;J> itl;lkpd; 'rp" cztpy; mjpfk; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
nts;shpf;fha;> KUq;iff;fha;> jf;fhsp> Nful;> gr;irahf rhg;gpl
Ntz;Lk;.
nghhpj;j ntq;fhuk; - 30 fpuhk;
fUQ;rptij Nth; - 30 fpuhk;
trk;G - 30 fpuhk;
Rf;F - 30 fpuhk;
,e;Jg;G - 30 fpuhk;
tha;tplq;fk; - 30 fpuhk;
Xkk; - 30 fpuhk;
ngUq;fhak; - 30 fpuhk;
,tw;iwj; jdpj;jdpahf nghbj;J vYkpr;irg; gor;rhW tpl;L miuf;f
Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G kpsF msT cUl;b khj;jpiuahf;fp epoypy; cyh;j;jp
itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fhiy> khiy ,uz;L khj;jpiu tPjk; Rf;F
f\haj;Jld; rhg;gpl Nrhif ePq;Fk;. fhiy> khiy elg;gJ ey;yJ.
,utpy; vspjpy; [PuzkhFk; czT tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy;
rhg;gpLtij tof;fkhff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;."57
'kQ;rs; Jz;Lfisr; Rz;zhk;Gj; njspT ePhpy; Cwitj;J cyh;j;jp
,bj;Jj; J}s; nra;J 1B];G+d; vLj;J Njd;>ghy;>nte;ePh; ,tw;wpy;
VNjDk; xd;wpy; nfhLf;fj; jPUk;.
fhpryhq;fz;zp ,iy - 10
Ntg;gpiy - 6
Jsrp ,iy - 5
57.gpzpfs;
g.38>39
162
fPoh ney;ypr; nrb - 1 rpwpaJ

Mfpatw;iwf; fOtpf; fhiy> khiy ntWk; tapw;wpy; nkd;W jpd;dj;
jPUk;.
Kf;fpul;il Nth; - 1 gpb
mUfk;Gy; - 1 gpb
fPoh ney;yp - 1 gpb
kpsF - 10
,tw;iwr; rpijj;J 500 kpy;yp ePhpy; Nghl;L 200 kpy;ypahf fha;r;rp jpdk;
3 Ntis rhg;gplj; jPUk;.
fPohney;yp> fhpryhq;fz;zp Nrh;j;J miuj;J ney;ypf;fhasT gRk;
ghYld; 45 ehl;fs; rhg;gpl;L tuj; jPUk;."58
'Ntg;gpiy - 50 fpuhk;
mUfk;Gy; - 50 fpuhk;
mur ,iy - 50 fpuhk;
tpy;tk; - 50 fpuhk;
khtpiy - 50 fpuhk;
KUq;if - 50 fpuhk;
nte;jak; - 50 fpuhk;
ney;yp - 50 fpuhk;
ehty; - 50 fpuhk;
,tw;iw cyh;j;jp nghb nra;J ghl;bypy; itj;J 1 ];G+d; 1 lk;sh;
jz;zPhpy; 3 Ntis czTf;F Kd; 1 kzp Neuj;jpw;F Kd; rhg;gpl;L tu
Ntz;Lk;. ,ij ehd;F khjk; rhg;gplTk; xt;nthU khjKk; Gjpjhf
jahh; nra;aTk;. MW khjk; tiuapYk; rhg;gplyhk;. ,uj;j Nrhif
Kw;wpYk; FzkhFk;"59
'ney;ypf;fdpia mbf;fb rhg;gpl;L tu uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;. fUr;
nrg;ig kuj;jpd; gl;ilia Rj;jk; nra;J J}shf;fp fhiy> khiy 2
rpl;bif #lhd gRk; ghypy; rhg;gpl;L tu ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;.
fhrpdpf; fPiuiag; ghrpg;gUg;Gld; Nrh;j;Jr; rikay; nra;J rhg;gpl;L
tu ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;. 1 rpl;bif Fq;Fkk; G+Tld; 1 ];G+d; Njd;
fye;J jpdKk; xU Ntis rhg;gpl;L te;jhy; ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;."60
58.%ypif
58.%ypif kUj;Jtk;> g.229
59.nja;
59.nja;tPf %ypiffs;> g.125
60.vspa
60.vspa nrytpy; rpj;j kUj;Jtk;> g.120
163
kUjhzp ,iyAld; ghy;> rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;J gUfp te;jhy; 24

ehl;fspy; cly; typikAk;> ,uj;j Rj;jpAk; cz;lhFk;.
ty;yhiu ,iy 25 fpuhk; vLj;J 500 kpy;yp ePhpy; Nghl;L fha;r;rp 100
kpy;ypahf;fp fhiy kl;Lk; gUfp tu ,uj;j Rj;jp MFk;. epidthw;wy;
tsUk;.
nrk;gUj;jp G+ - 10
Rj;j ePh; - 1ypl;lh;
,tw;iw fha;r;rp 250 kpy;yp msntLj;J ,wf;fp fhiy> khiy gUfp tu
,uj;j tpUj;jp cz;lhFk;.";61
19. %y Neha;;:
'%yk; vd;gJ kyf;Fliy xl;b cs;s euk;gpy; Vw;gLk; xU tif
gpJf;f Neha; (Enlarged vein Disease) ,e;jg; gpJf;fk; mjpfkhFk; NghJ
kyf;Fly; fpope;J uj;jg; Nghf;F cz;lhfyhk;. ,J uj;j %yk;
vdg;gLfpwJ.
%y Neha;f;F Kf;fpaf; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kyr;rpf;fy; jhd; Kf;fp
kyk; fopg;gJ vd;gJ njhlUk; NghJ %y Neha; Muk;gkhfpwJ.
kyf;Flypy; cz;lhFk; fl;bfshYk; %y Neha; Vw;glyhk;. kw;w
ngz;fistpl> fh;g;gpzpfSf;F %y Neha; tUtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs;
kpfTk; mjpfk;.
%y Neha;fs; tUtjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;:

01. gpj;jj;ij mjpfkhfj; J}z;Lk; czTfshy; %yNeha; cz;lhfyhk;.
02. mjpf Neuk; nta;apypy; miytjhy;> cly; #L mjpfhpj;J %y
Neha; Vw;glyhk;.
03. thAit mjpfg;gLj;Jk; czTfs;> vz;nzapy; nghwpj;j czTfs;>
khTr;rj;J mjpfk; cs;s czTfs;> msTf;F mjpfkhf mirt
czTfisr; rhg;gpl;lhy; %y Neha; tuyhk;.
04. XNu ,lj;jpy; ePz;l Neuk; cl;fhh;e;J Ntiy ghh;g;gth;fSf;F %y
Neha; cz;lhfyhk;.
05. mjpf krhyh fye;j czTfs;> Neuk; jtwp rhg;gpLjy;> nehWf;Fj;
jPdpfis mjpfkhfr; rhg;gpLtJ Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; %y Neha;
vw;glyhk;.
61.jkpo;
61.jkpo; kUe;Jfs;> g.51> 52
164
%y Neha;f;fhd czTf; fl;Lg;ghL:

01. mfj;jpf;fPiu> Jj;jpf; fPiu> Klf;fj;jhd;> rpWfPiu> kzj;jf;fhsp>
nghd;dhq;fz;zp> Rz;ilf;fha;> khk;gpQ;R> gyhg;gpQ;R> gg;ghspf; fha;>
,e;Jg;G Mfpatw;iw cztpy; mjpfkhf Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
02. fUizf; fpoq;F kl;LNk rhg;gplTk;.
03. kPd;> fUthL> Nfhop $lhJ.
04. %yj;jpy; mhpg;G ,Ue;jhy; fj;jhpf;fha;> fhuhkzp> nkhr;irf;
nfhl;il Mfpatw;iw ePf;fTk;.
05. khJsk;gok;> tpshk;gok;> nfha;ahg;gok;> mj;jpg;gok; Mfpatw;iw
epiwa rhg;gplyhk;.
06. mjpfk; fhuk;> ,dpg;G> Gspg;G> $lhJ.
07. ,utpy; fz; tpopj;jy;> ePz;l J}uk; gpuahzk; Nghd;wtw;iw
jtph;f;fTk;.
08. kyr;rpf;fy; ,y;yhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
,uj;j %yk; Fzkhf:

01. khk;gUg;G> khJis XL> nfha;ah ,iy ,tw;iw rk msT vLj;J
miuj;J Gspj;j japhpy; fye;J rhg;gpl;lhy; uj;jg; Nghf;F clNd
epw;Fk;.
02. Mthuk; G+it ghrpg;gUg;Gld; Nrh;e;J file;J rhg;gplyhk;.
03. ehty; nfhl;il> mjp tplak; ,uz;ilAk; rk msT fye;J
rhg;gplyhk;.
04. gpuz;il> nghLjiy Nrh;j;J rhg;gpl FzkhFk;.
Mrdf;Foha; RUf;fk; jPu:

ntz;ilf;fha; - 5 fpuhk;
ghrp gUg;G - 50 fpuhk;
rPufk; - 10 fpuhk;
cOe;jk; gUg;G - 50 fpuhk;
Gjpdh ,iy - 25 fpuhk;
Mfpatw;iw Ntf itj;J file;J fsp Nghy; rhg;gpl;lhy; %y Nehahy;
Vw;gLk; KJFtyp> mjpf c\;zk;> Mrdtha; vhpr;ry;> Mrdf; Foha;
RUf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iw rhpahFk;. kyr;rpf;fYk; KOikahfj; jPUk;."62
62.rpj;
165
Mrd Neha;:
01. xU Jz;L Rf;ifj; Njhy; ePf;fpf; 300 kpy;yp ePhpy; Nghl;L 150
kpy;ypahf;fp ghy;> rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;J fhiy> khiy rhg;gplj;jPUk;.
02. nea;apy; tWj;J ,bj;j khk;gUg;igr; #uzk; nra;J 1 ];G+d; Nkhhpy;
nfhLf;f Mrd vhpT jPUk;.
03. khrpf;fhia ePhPy; ,ioj;Jj; jltp tu Mrdthapy; cs;s ntbg;G>
Gz; Mfpatw;iw jPUk;.
gTj;jpuk;:
01. nghLjiy ,iyia cOe;jk; gUg;Gld; nea;apy; tjf;fpj;
Jitayhf;fpg; gfy; cztpy; nfhs;sj; jPUk;.
02. rpf;fyhd gTj;jpuj;jpw;F 1 thuk; fhiy> khiy 50 kpy;yp mThpf;
FbePh; nfhLj;Jg; gpd; Fg;igNkdpr; r%yr; #uzk; 1 ];G+d; fhiy>
khiy nea;apy; nfhL;f;f vl;L tifg; gTj;jpu NehAk; jPUk;. 70
Kjy; 90 ehl;fs; tiu rhg;gplTk;.
%yk; :
Ks;sp Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
gpuz;il Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
fw;whio Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
nts;isg; G+z;L - 10 fpuhk;
Rf;F - 10 fpuhk;
kpsF - 10 fpuhk;
,tw;iw miuj;J 1 B];G+d; Gspj;j Nkhhpy; nfhLj;J tu cs; %yk;

jPUk;.
Klf;fj;jhd; Nth; 50 fpuhk; vLj;J 500 kpy;yp ePhpy; Nghl;L100

kpy;ypahf fha;r;rp fhiy> khiy 21 ehl;fs; Fbf;f Mrdtha;f;
fLg;G> %yk; jPUk;
Rz;il tw;wy; - 50 fpuhk;
Rf;F - 50 fpuhk;
Xkk; - 50 fpuhk;
khJis XL - 50 fpuhk;
khk; gUg;G - 50 fpuhk;
fwpNtk;G - 50 fpuhk;
166
rPufk; - 50 fpuhk;
,tw;iw tWj;J ,bj;Jr; #uzk; nra;J fhiy> khiy> 1 B];G+d;
Nkhhpy; rhg;gpl;L tu %yk; jPUk;.
%yr;#L :
fQ;rhf;Nfhiu ,iyia miuj;Jr; Rz;ilf;fhasT japhpy; fye;J
fhiy> khiy nfhLf;fj; jPUk;.
kpsF - 4
tpsf;nfz;iza; - 100 kpy;yp
,tw;iw tpsf;nfz;izapy; thrid tuf; fha;r;rp Mwtpl;L tbfl;b
itj;J nfhz;L 30 kpy;yp thuk; xd;wpuz;L Kiw nfhLj;J tuj; jPUk;.
ntsp%yk; :
nfha;ah Ntiu eRf;fp ,utpy; ePhpy; Cw itj;Jf; fOtp tuj; jPUk;.
ghfw;fha; ,iyia tpsf;nfz;izapy; tjf;fpf; fl;b tu 40
ehl;fspy; ntsp%yk; jPUk;.
ntq;fhaj;ij tjf;fp fl;lj; jPUk;."63
%yNuhfj;jpw;Fr; #uzk;:
'NghNkeP %ynkd;w Nuhfe; jPug;
G+l;LfpNwd; kUe;njhd;W nrhy;Nyf; NfS
MNkeP J}JNtis %yj;NjhL
milthd kUl;fpoq;F fUiz %yk;
jhNkeP gpuz;il Nth; ey;ythiu
tskhd mWfpDl fpoq;FjhNd
jhndd;w ePh;g;G+z;L fpoq;F %yp
jathf Tuypypl;Lj; J}sha;r; nra;J
Nfhndd;w nghbnay;yhQ; rkdha; Nrh;j;Jf;
nfhLg;ghNa tpuw;filjhd; Njdpw; nfhs;s
ehndd;w ehw;gJehs; nfhs;Sk; NghJ
eLeLq;fp %ynky;yhk; XLk;ghL
thndd;w NghfUl flhl;rj;jhNy
tskhd Gypg;ghzp tpsk;gp NdNd.
63.%ypif
63.%ypif kUj;Jtk;> g.255> 256
167
J}JtisNth;> kUl;fpoq;F> fUizf;fpoq;F> gpuz;ilNth;> ey;yMiu

(Mthiu)> fhl;Lf; fUizf;fpoq;F> mWfq;fl;il> ePh;Ks;sp Nth;
,itfis cyh;j;jp rk msthf J}s; nra;J %d;W tpuw;fil msT
fhiy. khiy Njdpy; ehw;gJ ehs; rhg;gpl;lhy; rh;t %y Nuhfq;fSk;
epth;j;jpahFk;. ,jw;F ,r;rhg;gj;jpak; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;."64
20. euk;G rk;ke;jkhd Neha;fs;:

'fhf;if typg;G vd;gJ %isapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s ghjpg;Gfspdhy; Vw;gLk;
euk;G jsh;r;rpNa fhf;if typg;G> NgNahl;lk;> rpj;j gpuk;ik vd;fpw
%h;r;ir Nghd;witnay;yhk; Vw;gl %isapYk; euk;G kz;lyj;jpYk;
Vw;gLfpd;w NfhshWjhd; fhuzk;.
fhf;if typg;gpd; mwpFwpfs;:
01. epiy nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gth;fs;.
02. fz; GUtq;fs; ,iltplhJ Jbj;jy;> fz;fs; ,il tplhky;
RoYjy;.
03. rjh fhyKk; VNjh xU tpjkhd xyp fhjpy; Nfl;gJ> tha; ePUuy;>
%f;fpypUe;J ePh; tbjy;> cztpy; mthtpd;ik> Ritapd;ik>
rPuzkpd;ik> Ntfkhd ,jaj;Jbg;G> typik Fiwe;jJ Nghd;w
czh;T> fz; ,Ul;liljy;> mbf;fb %h;r;ir> kaf;fk;> gw;fisf;
fbj;jy;> rpy rkaj;jpy; Nga; gpbj;jJ Nghd;W MLjy;> ghLjy;>
mOjy;> eLq;fy;> rk;ke;jkpy;yhky; NgRjy; Nghd;wit fhf;if
typg;gpd; Fzq;fshFk;.
04. fhf;if typg;G cs;sth;fs; clypy; xU rpy gFjpfspNyh my;yJ
cly; KOtJNkh ,Of;Fk;. ntl;b tpLtijg; Nghy; cijj;Jf;
nfhs;Sthh;fs;. ghh;g;gjw;F gaq;fukhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. thapy; Eiu
js;Sk;. fz; ,ikfs; Nky;Nehf;fpj; js;sg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
fhf;if typg;gpw;Fhpa fhuzq;fs;:

01. rpWth;fSf;Ff; fha;r;ry; fz;lTld; ,Og;G tUk;.
02. ntapypy; mjpf NeukpUe;J cly; ntg;gk; mjpfhpj;jTld; ,Og;G
tUk;.
03. clypy; rf;jpf; FiwT Vw;gl;lTld; ,Og;G tUk;.
04. %isapy; Vw;gLk; fl;b.
05. tp\k; rhg;gpl;L clypYk; %isapYk; vw;gl;l khw;wj;jhYk; typg;G
Vw;glyhk;.
64.Gypg;
64.Gypg;ghzp itj;jpak; 500> g.39>40
168
06. typg;G Vw;gl;lhy; %is> euk;G kz;lyk; ghjpg;G cs;sJ vd

mwpyhk;.
07. taJ te;j ngz;fSf;Fk;> Mz;fSf;Fk; typg;G tUkhdhy;
gUtf;NfhshW (Histeriya) vd;fpd;w NehahFk;. ,jidj; jpUkzk;
nra;tjdhy; rhp nra;J tplyhk;.
fhf;if typg;ig Fzkhf;Fk; topfs;;:

Mz;>ngz; vd ghuhky; nkhl;ilabj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fhuzk;
jiyf;Fs;> mjhtJ %isf;Fs; ey;y ,uj;j Xl;lKk; ntg;gk;
fhw;Wk; ntspr;rKk; gLk;gbahf nkhl;il mbj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
fhiy> khiy ,U NtisAk;> rpurhrdk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. jiyfPo;
epw;gjhy; %isf;F ey;y ,uj;j Xl;lk; Vw;gl;L %isapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s
fl;b my;yJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpapy; ,uj;j Xl;lk; rhptur;
nrYj;jg;gLkhdhy; ehsiltpy; Neha; Fzkila tha;g;G cz;lhFk;.
rptg;G rpj;u %y Nth;g;gl;ilia ed;F cyh;j;jp nghbj;J Njd;
my;yJ ghypy; fhiy> khiy gUfp te;jhy; ey;y gad; fpilf;Fk;.
Ntg;gpiy
tpy;t ,iy
Jsrp ,iy
Mlhnjhil
KUq;iff;fha;
,itfis rkmsT vLj;J J}s; nra;J fhiy>khiy 1 B];G+d;
RLePhpy; cz;L te;jhy; ey;y Fzk; Vw;gLk;.
Nfhop Kl;il - 20 (kQ;rs; fU)
NfhNuhrid - 10 fpuhk;
Fq;Fkg; g+ - 10 fpuhk;
G+z;L chpj;j rhW - 100 kpy;yp
Ntg;g vz;nza; - 100 fpuhk;
NfhopKl;il kQ;rs; fUit ,Uk;G rl;bapy; ,l;L vhpf;f vz;nza;
tUk; mj;Jld; Nkw;nrhd;d midj;ijAk; rl;bapy; Nghl;L fha;r;rp
rptg;G epwkhf khwpaJk; ,wf;fp itj;Jf; nfhz;L fhiy> khiy 10
nrhl;Lfs; nfhLf;f if> fhy; euk;G rhpahf fhf;if typg;G
65
FzkhFk;."
'Nga;gPh;f;fd; ,iy
cj;jhkzp ,iy
65.Nehapd;
169
Fg;igNkdp ,iy
,e;j ehd;ifAk; rk msT vLj;J miuj;J Rz;ilf;fha; msT rhg;gpl
fhf;if typg;G FzkhFk;."66
'mhprp jpg;gpyp - 100 fpuhk;
Miz jpg;gpyp - 100 fpuhk;
fz;l jpg;gpyp - 100 fpuhk;
fUQ;rPufk; - 100 fpuhk;
rjf;Fg;ig - 100 fpuhk;
Xkk; - 100 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l kUe;Jg; nghUl;fis ed;F Rj;jk; nra;J nghd; tWtyhf
tWj;J xd;whf fye;J fhiy>khiy 5 fpuhk; msT Njdpy; 15 ehl;fs;
nfhLj;J 10 ehl;fs; ,ilntsp tpl;L kPz;Lk; ju Ntz;Lk;. nkhj;jk; 45
ehl;fs; kUe;J rhg;gpl Fzk; ngWk;.
Nky; G+r;R ijyk;:
Ntg;g vz;nza; - 100 fpuhk;
vl;b nfhl;il - 50 fpuhk;
RL fhl;L fl;nlWk;G - 25 fpuhk;
kiyg;G+z;L - 50 fpuhk;
,it midj;Jk; Nrh;j;J ijy gjkhf;fp if> fhy;fspy; ed;F Nja;j;J
tu Ntz;Lk;."67
'euk;G Nja;khdk; rhpahf> vUf;fk; G+ 50 fpuhk;> ngUq;fhak; 50 fpuhk;
miuj;J khj;jpiuahf;fp kpsF msT cUl;b itj;J 3 NtisAk; 2
khj;jpiu tPjk; rhg;gpl;L te;jhy; euk;Gr; rpye;jp> euk;Gj; Nja;khdk;
Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs; jPUk;.
mw;Gj %isj;jpwd; ngw:

ty;yhiu - 50 fpuhk;
KRKRf;if - 50 fpuhk;
J}Jtisg; g+ - 50 fpuhk;
kQ;rs; fhpryhq;fz;zp - 50 fpuhk;
rq;F G\;gk; - 50 fpuhk;
jz;zPh;tpl;lhd; fpoq;F - 50 fpuhk;
Jsrp - 50 fpuhk;
tpy;tk; - 50 fpuhk;
tWj;j rPufk; - 50 fpuhk;
66.mDgt
67.gpzpfs;
67 .gpzpfs; jPh;f;Fk; ek;ehl;L kUj;Jtk;> g.228> 229
170
Vyhprp - 50 fpuhk;
kQ;rs; - 50 fpuhk;
,tw;iw miuj;J nghb nra;J jpdKk; fhiy>khiy ,uz;L 1 B];G+d;
cl;nfhs;s mghu %isj;jpwd; cz;lhFk;. kd cisr;ry;> kdgak;>
glglg;G ePq;Fk;. cly; RWRWg;G milAk;. ed;whf grp vLf;Fk;.
clk;gpy; xU Nj[]; cz;lhFk;. euk;G rhh;e;j midj;J tpahjpfSk;
jPUk;. NkYk; jiytyp> fhJ ,iur;ry;> fz; ghh;itf; NfhshWfs;>
Njhy; Neha;fs; midj;Jf;Fk; ey;y kUe;J."68
thj Neha;fSf;F ijyk;:

01. ey;nyz;nza; - 1 ypl;lh;
02. rpw;whkzf;F vz;nza; - 1 ypl;lh;
03. gRk;ghy; - 1 ypl;lh;
04. gR nea; - 1 ypl;lh;
05. nrt;tpsePh; - 1 ypl;lh;
06. fhpryhq;fz;zpr;rhW - 1 ypl;lh;
07. nghd;dhq;fz;zpr;rhW - 200 kpy;yp
08. ty;yhiu rhW - 200 kpy;yp
09. mThp Nth; f\hak; - 200 kpy;yp
10. jO jhio ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
11. rpW nrUg;gil ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
12. nehr;rp ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
13. KUq;if ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
14. Nrhw;W fw;whior; rhW - 50 kpy;yp
15. fw;G+u ty;yp - 50 kpy;yp
16. J}Jtis ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
17. fz;lq;fj;jphp ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
18. Gspahiu ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
19. KRKRf;if ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
20. rq;fq;Fg;gp ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
21. Fg;igNkdp ,iy - 50 kpy;yp
22. rpWfPiu - 50 kpy;yp
23. Ntisf; fPiu - 50 kpy;yp
ey;nyz;izia xU kz; ghidapy; Cw;wp tpwfLg;gpy; itj;J rpW
jPahf vhpj;Jr; rpw;whkzf;F vz;nza; Cw;wp xU epkplk; vhpj;J gRk;
nea;ia Cw;wp xU epkplk; vhpj;J gRk;ghy; nrt;tpsePh; ,uz;ilAk;
68.rpj;
68.rpj;j kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; ifitj;jpak;> g.86> 98
171
Cw;wp 5 epkplq;fs; vhpj;J fhpryhq;fz;zpr; rhW> nghd;dhq;fz;zpr;

rhW> ty;yhiur; rhW ,itfis Cw;wp 30 epkplq;fs; rpW jPahf
vhpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
mThp Ntiuj; jl;b xU kz; ghidapy; Nghl;L 1 ypl;lh; J}a ePh; tpl;L
%b ed;whf vhpj;J f\hak; 200 kpy;yp msTf;F Rz;baJk; ijyg;
ghidapy; Cw;wTk;.
jOjhio Kjy; Ntisf;fPiu tiuAs;s ,itfis xd;whf fy;
cuypy; ,bj;J> ,bj;jij mg;gbNa ijyg; ghidapy; Nghl;L
tpwfLg;gpy; itj;J ijyg; gjk; tUk; tiu rpW jPahf vhpj;J ,wf;fp
nfhs;sTk;.
gad;gLj;Jk; Kiw:
gf;fthjk; kw;Wk; thj Nehahy; mt];ijg; gLNthh;f;F Nehahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lj;jpy; jltp ed;whf cUtp tpl;L nte;ePhpy;
Fspg;ghl;lTk;. 20 ehl;fs; tiu xU ehs; tpl;L xU ehSk;> 20
ehl;fSf;F Nky; 2 ehisf;F xU ehs; tPjk; 10 KiwAk;> gpd; 3
ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw tPjk; 10 KiwAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
czT Kiw:
vz;nza;g; gz;lq;fs;> fpoq;F tiffs;> japh;> go tiffs;> gioa
NrhW> thioj; jz;L> G+rzp> guq;fp> ,sePh;> Fsph;e;j ghdq;fs;> khkprk;
midj;ijAk; fz;bg;ghf ePf;fTk;.
GOq;fy; mhprp> kpsFg; nghq;fy;> ghy; NrhW> ,bahg;gk;> ,l;yp>
NfhJik czTfs;> Njd;> gRNkhh;> gRghy; kl;Lk; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ
kpfTk; ey;yjhFk;."69
'tp\;Zf;fhe;jp> Xhpjo; jhkiu> fPohney;yp rk msT vLj;J
miuj;J 3 Ntis 1 B];G+d; msT czTf;F Kd; rhg;gpl;L ghy;
mUe;j euk;Gj; jsh;r;rp FzkhFk;.
trk;G> ngUq;fhak;> jphpfLF> fLf;fha;j; Njhy;> mjptplak;> fUg;G
rk msT nghb nra;J 1 B];G+d; fhiy>khiy rhg;gpl fhf;if
typg;G FzkhFk;.
Mlhnjhil Nth;> fz;lq;fj;jphp Nth; rk msT vLj;J ,bj;J J}s;
nra;J 1 fpuhk; Njdpy; rhg;gpl euk;G ,Og;G FzkhFk;."70
69.rpj;
70.%ypif
70 .%ypif kUj;Jtk;> g.266
172
21. rh;f;fiu Neha;:

rh;f;fiu Nehapd; mwpFwpfs;:
01. mbf;fb rpWePh; fopj;jy;
02. mjpfkhd jz;zPh; jhfk;
03. fisg;Gj; jd;ik
04. vilf; FiwT
05. mjpfkhfg; grp vLj;jy;
06. ehtwl;rp> Njhy; twl;rp
07. rpWePhpy; rh;f;fiuapd; msT mjpfkhf ,Uj;jy;> fhak; Vw;gl;lhy;
tpiutpy; Mwhik
08. if> fhy; cisr;ry;
09. cWg;Gfs; kuj;Jg; Nghjy;
10. cly; vhpjy;
11. cly; mbf;fb tpah;j;jy;
12. efk; gpsTgLjy;
13. fz; kq;Fjy;
14. ,jak; Ntfkhf Jbj;jy;
15. rpWePhpy; <f;fSk;> vWk;GfSk; nkha;j;jy;
rh;f;fiu Nehahspfspd; czT Kiwfs;:

xt;nthU NtisAk; Kf;fhy; tapW Mfhuk;jhd; cl;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
ehh;r;rj;J kpFe;j czTfs;> jhdpaq;fs;> fha;fs;> fPiufs;> goq;fs;
cztpy; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
rh;f;fiu Nehahspfs; jpdk; xU Ntis ,aw;if czTfs; vLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
fha;fs;> G&l; [P];> G&l; rhyl;> nt[plgps; rhyl;> gg;ghsp> jf;fhsp>
khJis> ehty;> nfha;ah> Eq;F> MuQ;R> md;;dhrp> mj;jpg;gok;
,tw;iw gor;rhw;iw rh;f;fiu Nrh;f;fhky; rhg;gplyhk;.
ntz;il> nts;shpf;fha;> Kl;ilf;Nfh];> Glyq;fha;> Riuf;fha;>
Nful;> nfhj;jky;yp> ntq;fhak;> ney;yp> E}f;fy;> Ks;sq;fp> thioj;
jz;L> ntz;G+rzp> Nghpf;fha;> gjePh;> ,sePh;> Njq;fha;
Nghd;witfspy; ,Ue;J rhyl;lhfNth my;yJ jdpahfNth nkd;W
rhg;gpl;L tuyhk;. ,jpy; clypy; ed;ikfs; Vw;gLk;. kw;w ,uz;L
Neuk; tof;fkhd rikj;j czTfs; cl;nfhs;sTk;. rikj;j
czTfspYk; uhfp> NfhJik> kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> NrhagPd;]; Kjypad
173
,lk; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,aw;if czTfs; fbdkhf

,Ue;jhYk;> gpd;G gofptpLk;. ,jdhy; ,d;Rypd; clk;;gpy;
,aw;ifahf mjpfk; cw;gj;jp MFk;. NkYk; rh;f;fiu tpahjp
FzkhtJld; ghh;itf; FiwT> rpWepuff; NfhshW> ,Uja ghjpg;G>
,uj;jf;Foha; ghjpg;G> euk;Gfs;> vYk;Gfs;> ghjpg;gilahky; ed;F
nray;gLfpwJ.
tpy;tk; - 100 fpuhk;
KUq;ifapiy - 100 fpuhk;
ney;yp - 100 fpuhk;
ehty; - 100 fpuhk;
rpWFwpQ;rhz; - 100 fpuhk;
khtpiy - 100 fpuhk;
ntw;wpiy - 100 fpuhk;
Jk;ig - 100 fpuhk;
,tw;iw cyh;j;jp ntapypy; fha itj;Jg; nghb nra;J gpd; rk
msthf;fp xU ghl;bypy; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;. gpd; 2 B];G+d; jz;zPhpy;
czTf;F xU kzp Neuj;jpw;F Kd;djhf 3 NtisAk; rhg;gplTk;. 3
khjk; xU Kiw Gjpajhf jahhpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;."71
'Mtpiu nfhd;iw ehty;

miy fly; Kj;jk; Nfh\;lk;
Nktpa kUjk; NjhWk;
tpiue;jpl ndhd;wha;f; $l;b
G+tphp FoypdhNs
nghUe;j Nt,jid cz;z
fhtphp ePUk; tw;wpf;
fly; ePUk; tw;We; jhNd.
-Njiuah;
Mthiu> nfhd;iw> ehty;> Kj;J> Nfh\;lk;> kUjkug;gl;il>
Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L te;J Rj;jg;gLj;jp fha itj;J ku
cyf;ifahy; ,bj;J 48 ehl;fs; 1 B];G+d; 3 Ntis RLePhpy; rhg;gpl
FzkhFk;.
71.nja;
71.nja;tPf %ypiffs;> g.162> 163
174
Jk;ig> Fg;igNkdp> fPohney;yp> mj;jp> Jsrp> Mthiu>

rpWFwpQ;rhd;> Nfhit ,iy> ed;F cyh;j;jp epoypy; fha itj;J
nghbj;J fhiy>khiy cl;nfhs;sTk;.
Miuf; fPiuia ntWk; tapw;wpy; rhg;gpl;L tu Ntz;Lk;. 48
ehl;fs;."72
'rpW FwpQ;rhd; - 100 fpuhk;
rpwpa eq;if - 25 fpuhk;
ehty; nfhl;il - 100 fpuhk;
gwq;fpg;gl;il - 100 fpuhk;
rPe;jpy; rh;f;fiu - 100 fpuhk;
fUe;Jsrp - 100 fpuhk;
Mthuk; G+ - 100 fpuhk;
ney;ypf;fdp - 100 fpuhk;
jhd;wpf;fha; - 100 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l midj;Jg; nghUs;fisAk; nghb nra;J 96 ehl;fs; %d;W
NtisAk; 3 fpuhk; msT rhg;gpl;lhy; rh;f;fiu Neha;> mijr; rhh;e;j gpw
Neha;fSk; Fzkhk;."73
'Mthuk; gl;il
khk;gl;il
Ntyk;gl;il
mQ;R ghf;F
KRl;il ,iy
,tw;iwr; rk msT vLj;J #uzk; nra;J 1 ];G+d; vLj;J 1 lk;sh; gR
Nkhhpy; rhg;gpl rh;f;fiu Neha; FzkhFk;. cg;G> Gsp> Gif> ePf;f
Ntz;Lk;."74
72.Nehapd;
73.rpj;
73.rpj;j kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.207> 208
74.Njiuah;
74.Njiuah; itj;jpak; - 1000> g.55
175
22. rpWePuff; NfhshWfs;:

rpWePUld; ,uj;jk; Nghjy;;:
mWFr;r%yk; 30 fpuhk;> fPohney;ypr;r%yk; 15 fpuhk; ,tw;iw
ikaha; miuj;Jj; japhpy; fyf;fpf; fhiyapy; Fbf;fj; jPUk;.
neUQ;rpy; r%yr;rhW 30 kpy;yp NkhUld; rhg;gpl FzkhFk;.
nghd;dhq;fz;zp Nth; vYkpr;irasT (25 fpuhk;) miuj;J 4 ypl;lh;
vUikg;ghypy; fye;J fha;r;rp japuhf;fpf; file;njLj;j ntz;nzia
3 ehs; fhiyapy; rhg;gpl;L tur; rpWePhpy; ,uj;jk; NghFjy; jPUk;.
200 fpuhk; cyh;e;j nts;is my;yp ,jo;fis 6 ypl;lh; ePhpy;
Cwitj;J thiyapy; tbj;j ePiu 30 kpy;ypahff; fhiy>khiy
Fbj;J tu rpWePhpy; ,uj;jk;> rPo;tUjy;> rpWePh;g;ghijg;Gz;
Mfpatw;iw FzkhFk;.
ePh;f;fLg;G> ePnuhpr;ry;:
mUfk;Gy; r%yk; 30 fpuhk;> fPohney;ypr; r%yk; 15 fpuhk; ikaha;
miuj;Jj; japhpy; fhiyapy; Fbf;fr; rpWePh;j; jhiuapy; cs;s
Gz;zhy; Vw;gl;l ePh;fLg;G jPUk;.
Xhpjo; jhkiu ,iyia jpde;NjhWk; nkd;W jpd;W ghy; mUe;jp tu
48 ehl;fspy; ePh; vhpr;ry; jPUk;.
murk; Nth;g;gl;il 30 fpuhk; 300 kpy;yp ePhpy; Nghl;L 100 kpy;ypahf
fha;r;rp ghy;> rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;Jg; gUf ePh; vhpr;ry; jPUk;
tpy;t ,iyr;#uzk; 1 B];G+d; nea;apy; fhiy> khiy cl;nfhs;s
ePh;j;jhiu vhpr;ry; jPUk;.
ntq;fhaj;ij gr;iraha; nkd;W jpd;d ePh; vhpr;ry;> ePh;fLg;G jPUk;.
ehs;NjhWk; 1 Jz;L gg;ghspg; gok; rhg;gpl;L tu rpWePh;g;ghij
mow;rpj; jPUk;.
fPohney;yp> ty;yhiu rk msT miuj;J Rz;ilf;fhasT fhiy
kl;Lk; japhpy; cl;nfhs;s ePh;vhpr;ry; jPUk;
G+rzpr;rhW 15 kpy;yp> 10 nrk;gUj;jpg; G+Tld; rhl;gpgl;L tu ePh;j;jhiu
vhpr;ry;> uzk;> mow;rp> nrhl;L %j;jpuk; jPUk;.
Ks;sq;fpr;rhW 30 kpy;yp fhiy> khiy nfhLf;fr; rpWePh;f; NfhshW>
ePh;j;jhiuf; Fiwfs; jPUk;.
ePh;fl;L :
mUfk;Gy; - 1 gpb
176
fPohney;yp - 1 gpb
neUQ;rpy; - 1 gpb
kpsF - 10
,tw;iwr; rpijj;J miuypl;lh; ePhpy; Nghl;Lf; fhy; ypl;luhff; fha;r;rp
jpdk; 2 Ntis rhg;gplj; jPUk;.
20 fpuhk; rpWgPis Ntiur; rpijj;J 1 ypl;lh; ePhpypl;Lf; fha;r;rp 125
kpy;ypahff; fha;;r;rp tbfl;b 2 Ntis nfhLj;J tuj; jPUk;.
rpWePuff;fy; :
rpWgPis> rpWneUQ;rpy; Mfpatw;iw rkmsT r%ykhf vLj;J
ikNghy; miuj;J nfhl;ilg; ghf;fsT fhy; ypl;lh; japhpy; fhiy>
khiy 60 ehl;fs; rhg;gplr; rpWePuff;fy; fiuAk;.
nfhs;is 10 klq;F ePhpy; Ntfitj;J rpwpJ ,e;Jg;G Nrh;j;J
,UNtis gUfptu rpWePuff;fy; fiuAk;.
rpWfPiu Nth; - 40 fpuhk;

neUQ;rpy; Nth; - 40 fpuhk;
rpWgPis - 40 fpuhk;
rPufk; - 40 fpuhk;
,tw;iw rpijj;J 1 ypl;lh; ePhpy; fha;r;rp fhy; ypl;luhff; fha;r;rp
fhiyapy; ghjp khiyapy; ghjpahff; Fbj;J tu fy;yilg;G jPUk;
10 fpuhk; Njhy; ePf;fpa nts;shp tpijia nkd;ikaha; miuj;J 100
kpy;yp ePhpy; fyf;fpf; fhiyapy; kl;Lk; gUfp tur; rpWePuff;fy;
fiuAk;."75
ePuilg;G :
'fhNzeP ePuilg;G fz;lNgh;f;fFj;
fdpthf thioaplf; fpoq;ifj; Njhz;b
CNdeP kw;whehl; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ
cj;jkNd thioAs;Ns jz;zPh; epw;Fk;
tPNzeP Nghfhkw; fpoq;Fj; jz;zPh;
tpjkhf miwg;gbjh ndLj;J te;J
G+NzeP ntbAg;G tpuhfd; uz;L
Nghl;ljpNy nfhLf;f ePh;f;fl;L NghNk.
75.%ypif
75.%ypif kUj;Jtk;> g.233> 234
177
kuk; ntl;b tpl;L mbapUf;fpw thiof;fpoq;ifg; gs;skhfj; Njhz;b

kWehs; ghh;j;jhy; rykpUf;Fk; me;j ePh;gb ½ -apy; ntbAg;G 2 tuhfd;
vil Nghl;Lf; fiue;jTld; nfhLf;f ePh;f;fl;L Fzkhk;."76
'mj;jp ,iy> Ntg;gpiy> Mlhnjhil epoypy; cyh;j;jp nghbahfr;

nra;J 3 NtisAk; xU Ntisf;F 2 fpuhk; RLePhpy; cl;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. 48 ehl;fs; rhg;gplTk;.
rpW neUQ;rp ,iyia Rj;jk; nra;J RLePhpy; Nghl;L fhiy> khiy
czTf;F Kd; Fbj;J tu Ntz;Lk;.
nts;isg; G+z;L 10 xU Ftis (500 kpy;yp) jz;zPhpy; 150
77
kpy;ypahf;fp fha;;r;rp f\hak; nra;J Fbj;J tu Ntz;Lk;."
tpy;tk; - 50 fpuhk;
mUF - 50 fpuhk;
mj;jp - 50 fpuhk;
KUq;if - 50 fpuhk;
Mlhnjhil - 50 fpuhk;
ney;yp - 50 fpuhk;
ehty; - 50 fpuhk;
mthuk; G+ - 50 fpuhk;
Jsrp - 50 fpuhk;
Jk;ig - 50 fpuhk;
,tw;iw ntapypy; cyh;j;jp #uzk; nra;J czTf;F Kd; 2 B];G+d;
jz;zPhpy; fhiy> khiy cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;$hpa %ypiffspd;
frg;G> Jth;g;Gr; Ritfspdhy; rpWePufkhdJ Kjypy; ve;jtpjkhd
njhw;W Neha;fspdhYk; ghjpf;fgLtJ jLj;J epWj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy;
rpWePufk; MNuhf;fpakhfr; nray;gl Kbfpd;wJ. NkYk; Ez;zpa
tbFoy;fs; vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba neg;uhd;fs; tYg;ngWfpd;wd. EiuaPuy;>
,jak; Nghd;wit ghjpg;gpy; ,Ue;J fhf;fg;gLfpd;wd. clypy;
Njq;fpAs;s fopTfisf; fiuj;J rpWePufk; topahf ntspNaw;w
,k;%ypiffs; nghpJk; cjTfpd;wd."78
76.Gypg;
76.Gypg;ghzp itj;jpak; 500> g.6
77.Nehapd;
77 .Nehapd;wp tho rpj;j itj;jpak;> g.35> 36
78.nja;
78.nja;tPf %ypiffs;> g.169> 170
178
'200 fpuhk; ntq;fhuj;ij thq;fp te;J> xU kz; rl;bapy; Nghl;L

neUg;gpd; kPJ itf;f> ntq;fhuk; nghhpj;J tpLk;. mijg; nghb
nra;J itj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. 200 fpuhk; ntq;fhuj;ij Kl;il ntz;
fU tpl;L miuj;J> tpy;iy jl;bf; fhaitj;J> xU Kok;Glk;
Nghl;L vLj;Jg; nghbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; xU KiwahFk;.
nts;shp tpij 20 fpuhk; msT mk;kpapy; miuj;J 100 kpy;yp ePhpy;
fiuj;J tbfl;b> me;jr; rhw;wpy; ntq;fhu gw;gk; 2 fpuhk; msT
; k;."79
fye;J fhiy> khiy rhg;gplr; rpWePuff; NfhshWfs; ePqF
rpWePuf Nehapd; mwpFwpfs;:

01. "mbf;fb rpWePh; fopj;jy;.
02. rpWePhpy; ,uj;jk; fye;J tUjy;.
03. rpWePh;g; ghijapy; cz;lhFk; typ> Ntjid>
04. rpWePh; Njd; Nghy nfho nfhog;ghd jd;ikAld; ,Uj;jy;.
05. rpWePhpd; epwk; fUg;G> rptg;G my;yJ ghy; Nghy; nts;isahf
,Uj;jy;.
06. rpWePh; fLikahd Jh;ehw;wk;.
rpWePuf Nehahspfs; jtph;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

01. Nfo;tuF
02. gor;rhWfs;
03. mg;gsk;>CWfha;
04. ntz;nza;> ghyhilf;fl;b
05. Kl;il kQ;rs; fU
06. Njq;fha; ghy;> Njq;fha; rhjk;
07. gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l czTfs;
08. rikay; Nrhlh
09. `hh;ypf;];> fhk;g;shd; Nghd;witfs;
10. til> Nghz;lh> g[;[p> G+hp
11. mirtk; czTfs;
12. Gspg;G. fhu czTfs;
13. cUis> Nrg;ig> Riuf;fha;
14. Gspr;r fPiu> Kisfpiu> miuf;fPiu
79.gpzpfs;
79.gpzpfs; jPh;f;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk;> g.176> 177
179
rpWePuf Nehahspfs; Nrh;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

01. mhprp> NfhJik. Nrkpah> Nrhsk;> kf;fhr;Nrhsk;
02. fpiufs;
03. Mg;gps;> gg;ghsp> khJsk; gok;
04. Gspg;G ,y;yhj japh;
05. rhk;ghh; rhjk;
06. gr;ir gUg;G
07. Fl kpsfha;
08. ,l;;yp> ,bahg;gk;
09. mhprp fQ;rp> rpWgUg;G> kpsF> rPufk; Nrh;j;j fQ;rp
10. rg;ghj;jp> mhprpapy; nra;ag;gLk; mil
'Kl;ilNfh];> mtiuf;fha;> nts;shpf;fha;> gPh;f;fq;fha;> Nfhitf;fha;>
gPl;&l;> Rz;ilf;fha;> gPd;];> E}y;Nfhy;> Ks;sq;fp> ntz;ilf;fha;>
gr;irg;gl;hzp.
rpWePuff; Foha;fspy; cz;lhFk; rij tsh;r;rp Fzkhf:

Myk; tpOJ - 60 fpuhk;
gUj;jp Nth; - 60 fpuhk;
mKf;uh fpoq;F - 60 fpuhk;
Mthuk; Nth;g;gl;il - 60 fpuhk;
gUj;jp tpijg; gUg;G - 60 fpuhk;
neWQ;rp Ks; - 60 fpuhk;
Vyf;fha; - 10 fpuhk;
Nfh\;lk; - 10 fpuhk;
fpuhk;G - 10 fpuhk;
rhjpg;gj;jphp - 10 fpuhk;
rhjpf;fha; - 10 fpuhk;
Mfpatw;iw nghb nra;J Mtpd; ghy; tpl;L ePh; gjk; msTf;Ff;
fiuj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. gpwF
Mtpd; nea; - 2 fpNyh
ney;ypf;fha; rhW - 1 ypl;lh;
,uz;ilAk; Nrh;j;Jf; fha;r;Rk; NghJ> Vw;fdNt jz;zPh; Nghy; fiuj;J
itj;Js;sijAk; nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhfr; Nrh;j;Jf; fpswp> nea; gjj;jpy;
,wf;fp tplTk;. ,jpy; fhiy khiy ,U NtisAk; Rkhh; 15 fpuhk;
180
msTf;F 21 ehl;fs; rhg;gpl;L te;jhy; rpWePuff; Fohapy; Vw;gl;l rij

tsh;r;rp FzkhtJld; mjdhy; Vw;gl;l ePh;j; Njf;fKk; cilAk;.
rpWePhpy; uj;jk; tUtJ epw;f:

Mthuk; G+ - 20 fpuhk;
rPufk; - 5 fpuhk;
re;jdk; - 5 fpuhk;
rh;f;fiu - 20 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l nghUl;fis ed;whf miuj;J nfhl;ilg; ghf;fsTj; jpdKk;
fhiy> khiy ,U NtisAk; rhg;gplTk;.
mj;jpg;gl;ilia f\hak; nra;J rhg;gplTk;
Jj;jp ,iyia ney;ypf;fha; msT miuj;J japhpy; Fog;gp 5
ehl;fs; njhlh;e;J rhg;gplTk;.
mopQ;rpy; gl;il 20 fpuhk;> mUfk;Gy; 20 fpuhk; ,uz;ilAk; miu
ypl;;lh; jz;zPhpy; Nghl;L nfhjpf;f itj;Jr; rhg;gplTk;.
rpWePuff; fy; fiua:
neUQ;rpy; tpij - 10 fpuhk;
rpWgPis Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
khtpyq;fg;gl;il - 10 fpuhk;
NguhKl;b - 10 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; xd;wpuz;lhfr; rpijj;J miu ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy;
nfhjpf;f itj;J ghjpahfr; Rz;lr; nra;aTk;. ,ij fhiy>khiy
rhg;gpl;L te;jhy; VO ehl;fspy; rpWePuff; fw;fs; fiue;J Fzk;
fpilf;Fk;.
ehty; gUg;G - 10 fpuhk;
ed;dhhp Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
rPe;jpy; ,iy - 10 fpuhk;
jhkiug; g+ - 10 fpuhk;
rpw;whKl;b - 10 fpuhk;
rpWfPiu Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
tpuhyp Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
ntl;b Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
tpyhkpr;ir Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
nghd;dhq;fz;zp Nth; - 10 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l midj;Jg; nghUs;fisAk; xd;whff; fye;J nghb nra;J 2
];G+d; nghb xU ypl;lh; ,sePh; Nrh;j;J miu ypl;lh; msTf;F
181
Rz;lf;fha;r;rp jpdKk; rhg;gpl;L te;jhy;> VO ehs;fspy; rpWePuff; fw;fs;

fiuAk;.
ntq;fhak; - 130 fpuhk;
rq;fd; ,iy - 130 fpuhk;
gr;ir ney; ckp - 130 fpuhk;
Nkw;fz;l nghUs;fis xd;whfr; Nrh;j;J ed;whf miuj;J rhW gpope;J
jpdKk; fhiy> khiy ,U NtisAk; 50 kpy;yp msTf;Fr; rhg;gplTk;.
fhrpdpf; fPiuiaf; file;J rhg;gplTk;
ahid neUQ;rpy; tpijia 25 fpuhk; ed;whf miuj;J miu ypl;lh;
jz;zPhpy; Nghl;Lf; fha;r;rp tbfl;bf; Fbf;fTk;.
thiokuf; fpoq;if ntl;Lk;NghJ tbAk; rhiwf; Fbj;jhy;
rpWePuff;fy; fiuAk;.
Riu ,iyr;rhW 60 kpy;ypAld; ntq;fhu gw;gk; 500 kpy;yp fpuhk;
Nrh;j;Jr; rhg;gpl rpWePuff; fw;fs; fiuAk;"80
23. Njhy; Neha;fs;:

Njhypd; mikg;G→Njhy; ,uz;L mLf;Ffshy; MdJ.
01. vgpnlh;kp]; - ntspg;Gw mLf;F
02. nlh;kp]; - cl;Gw mLf;F
vgpnlh;kp]; vd;w ntspg;Gw mLf;F ek; cliy %bAs;s ek;
fz;fSf;Fg; Gyg;glk; gFjpahFk;.,jd; Nkw;Gwj;jpy; kaphpiofs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nlh;kp]; vdg;gLk; cl;Gw mLf;fpy;jhd;; ,uj;jf;
Foha;fs; njhL czh;r;rpia jUfpd;w euk;Gfspd; KbTg; gFjp> kw;Wk;
tpah;it Rug;gpfs; cs;sd. ,it gy Kf;fpakhd Ntiyfis
nra;fpd;wd.
vy;yhtpjkhd Njhy; Neha;fSf;Fk; %ypif:
Jsrp - 100 fpuhk;
mj;jp - 100 fpuhk;
Fg;ig Nkdp - 100 fpuhk;
Jk;ig - 100 fpuhk;
G+turd; - 100 fpuhk;
ehty; - 100 fpuhk;
80.
80 rpj;j kUj;Jtk; nrhy;Yk; if itj;jpak;> g.186>188>189
182
gwq;fp gl;il - 100 fpuhk;

ney;yp - 100 fpuhk;
khtpiy - 100 fpuhk;
murapiy - 100 fpuhk;
Nghd;w ,iyfis ntapypy; cyh;j;jp nghb nra;J rk msT vLj;J 2
];G+d; jz;zPhpy; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fhiy> ,uT njhlh;e;J %d;W>
ehd;F khjq;fs; rhg;gpl vy;yhtpjkhd Njhy; Neha;fs; FzkhFk;.
fyit vz;nza;:
Ntg;g vz;nza; + Njq;fha; vz;nza; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; rk mstpy;
xd;whf fye;J xU ghl;bypy; itj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. ,e;j vz;nzia
xU ];G+d; rhg;gplTk;. jpdKk; czTf;F Kd; fhiy xU Ntis kl;Lk;
cl;nfhz;lhy; NghJk;. NkYk; Njhy; ntbg;G> ePh; tbjy;> nrhwp> rpuq;F>
mhpg;G> vf;]pkh> nrhhpah]p]; Nghd;w vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; ,e;j vz;nzia
Nky; G+r;rhf fhiy> ,uT ,uz;L NtisAk; Jzpapy; glhjthW G+rpf;
nfhz;lhy; tpiutpy; Fzk; njhpAk;.
%ypif Fspay; gTlh;:

,e;Nehahspfs; %ypif Fspay; gTlh; kl;Lk; cgNahfpg;gJ ey;yJ.
Ntg;gpiy> Jsrp> Mthuk; g+> ntl;bNth;> ney;yp> gaj;jk; gUg;G> G+turk;
G+> vYkpr;ir goj;Njhy;> kQ;rs; J}s; rpwpJ Mfpatw;iw rk msT
fye;J miuj;Jf; nfhz;L ,g;nghbAld; rk msT rPaf;fha; J}s;
fye;J Fspay; gTluhf cgNahfpf;fyhk;.
czT Kiwfs;:
vy;yh tpjkhd Njhy; Neha;fs; tpiutpy; Fzk; ngw kUe;JfNshL
czT Kiwfisf; filgpbg;gJ ey;yJ. ,e;j Nehahspfs; jpdk; xU
Ntis ,aw;if czTfs; rhg;gpLtJ ey;yJ. ,uz;L kzp Neuk;
fopj;J rikj;j irt czTfis cz;gJ vy;yh Njhy; Neha;fSk;
tpiutpy; Fzk; ngw cjTk;. jpdKk; Fiwe;jJ ehd;F ypl;lh; msT
jz;zPh; Fbf;f Ntz;Lk;.;
jtph;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

vy;yhtpjkhd khkpr czTfs;> ghy;> kw;Wk; ghy; fye;j czTfs;> B>
fhg;gp> rh;f;fiu fye;j ,dpg;Gfs;> krhyh nghUl;fs; epiwe;j czTfs;>
tWj;j nghhpj;j czTfs;> bd;fspYk;> ghl;by;fspYk; milj;j czTg;
183
nghUs;fs;> ghdq;fs; kw;Wk; Ntjpg; nghUs;fs; fye;j czTfis

Kw;wpYk; jtph;g;gJ ey;yJ.
tho;f;if Kiw:
,e;Nehahspfs; jpdk; fhiy>khiy miu kzp Neuk; clw;gapw;rp
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
Gif> kJ> ghd;guhf;> nghb Nghd;wit gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. thuk;
xU ehs; gfy; nghOJ czit Kw;wpYk; jtph;j;jy;
fhiy>khiy miu kzp Neuk; cly; ntapypy; gLk;gb ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
rhjhuz ePhpy; Fspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gjpide;J ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw Ntg;g vz;nza; + ey;nyz;nza;
rk msT fye;J nfhz;L cly; KOtJk; Nja;j;Jf; Fspf;f
Ntz;Lk;.spkz; my;yJ Gw;Wkz; gw;W Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L thuk; xU
Kiw Fspf;fyhk;.
Nful;> jf;fhsp rhW vLj;J clypy; Nja;j;J thuk; XU Kiw
Fspf;fyhk;.
mUtp> MW flypy; Fspf;fyhk;. kioapy; eidayhk;. ,it vy;yhk;
vy;yhtpjkhd Njhy; NehahspfSf;F ey;y gyd; jUk;. kw;wth;fSk;
mt;tg;NghJ gad;gLj;jp Njhy; Neha;fs; tuhkYk; fhj;Jf;
nfhs;syhk;."81
'mfj;jp,iy> Fg;igNkdp ,iy> Nfhitf; nfhb ,iy> Ntg;gpiy ,e;j
ehd;ifAk; rkkhf vLj;J te;J ePh;tplhky; cuypy; Nghl;L ,bj;J
mjpy; nfhQ;rkhfg; gR %j;jpuk; tpl;Lf;fpswp vLj;J ed;F gpope;J rhW
vLf;fTk;. rhwpd; rk msT Rj;jkhd Njq;fha; vz;nza; $l;br; rhW
Rz;l rpte;j gjj;jpy; ed;whff; fha;r;rp tbj;Jg; gj;jpug;Lj;jpf;
nfhs;sTk;. ,e;j vz;nzia clypy; jpdkk; 3 Kiw jltpdhy; Njhy;
tpahjpfs;> Gz; Giufs;> uzq;;fs;> tp\f;fb> tz;Lf;fb uzq;fs;>
Cwy;> gil> jOk;G> nrhwp> rpuq;Ffs; tpiutpy; FzkhFk;. ehl;gl;l
Njhy; Neha;fshf ,Ue;jhy;; 1 B];G+d; cs;Sf;Fs; Fbj;J tu ey;y
Fzk; njhpAk;."82
'xU ifasT nkhr;irf; nfhl;ilia fUf;fpg; nghbj;J Ntg;g
vz;nzapy; Nghl;L #hpa Glk; itj;J vLf;fTk;. ,ij 7 ehs; jpdk;
81.nja;
82.gpzpfs;
82.gpzpfs; jPh;f;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk;> g.135
184
fhiyapy;; jiyf;F jltp tu fghy #iy> GOntl;L> nrhl;il Kb

tpOjy; jPUk;.
G+turk; gl;il 35 fpuhk; vLj;J ePuhfhuj;jpy; miuj;Jg; gpope;J 3
ehl;fs; Fbf;f nrhwp FzkhFk;. rpwpJ NgjpahFk;.
,e;Jg;ig nghb nra;J nea;apy; Nghl;L fpz;b ntapypy; itj;J
jiy> clk;gpy; G+rp Nja;j;J 2 kzp Neuk; fopj;J Fspj;J tpl
Nga; nrhwp ePq;Fk;."83
'Ntg;gpiy> Jk;ig ,iy> fPoh ney;yp ,iy %d;iwAk; rk msT
vLj;J epoypy; cyh;j;jp nghb nra;J fhiy khiy 1 ];G+d; Njd;>
nea;> ghypy; rhg;gpl Njhy; rk;ge;jkhd gy gpzpfs; FzkhFk;.
Jk;ig ,iy - 100 fpuhk;
kQ;rs; - 200 fpuhk;
Njq;fha; vz;nza; - 50
0 kpy;yp
,tw;iw fye;J cly; KOtJk; G+rp tu Njhy; Neha;fs; FzkhFk;."84
nrhwp> rpuq;F> fug;ghd; Nkf Neha;fs; 21 f;Fk; kUe;J:

01. 'epythif KOr;nrb - 400 fpuhk;
02. jhd;wpf;fha; - 150 fpuhk;
03. ney;ypf;fha; - 150 fpuhk;
Nkw;nrhd;dtw;iw Rj;jkhf;fp epoypy; cyh;j;jp J}s; nra;J
fhiy>khiy czTf;F Kd; 2 fpuhk; nte;ePhpy; 40 ehl;fs; rhg;gplTk;.
kUe;J cz;Zk; ehl;fspy; grpf;FiwT Vw;gl;lhy; kUe;jpd; msT 1
fpuhk; $l;bf; nfhs;syhk;.
rhg;gpl Ntz;ba czTfs;:

kpsF nghq;fy;> NfhJik cg;Gkh> nghq;fy;> fQ;rp> GOq;fyhprpr; NrhW>
mtiug; gpQ;R> Glyk; gpQ;R> Jtiu> ghrpg; gUg;G> mfj;jpg; gpQ;R>
gRNkhh;> nea;> ghy;> kpsF> rPufk;> G+z;L> nte;jak;> vYkpr;ir gok;>
VO ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw Njq;fha; vz;nza; my;yJ gRnea; Nja;j;J
jiy KOfTk;.
83.mDgt
84.Nehapd;
185
rhg;gplf; $lhj czTfs;:

cUis> Nrg;ig> Ks;sq;fp> thiof;fha;> fj;jphpf;fha;> G+rzpf;fha;>
guq;fpf;fha;> tw;wy; tiffs; fliy vz;nza;> ey;nyz;nza;> japh;>
goQ;NrhW> Fsph;e;j ghdq;fs;> khkpr tiffs;> ,dpg;Gg; gz;lq;fs;> fz;
tpopg;G Mfpatw;iw ePf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jPUk; Neha;fs;:
Nkfj; njhlh;ghd 21> fug;ghd;> m];jp Ruk;> m];jp ntl;il> fLk; gpj;j
tha;T> Cuy; Nuhfk;> md;d Njh\k;> Nkf Cuy;> fpuhzp kaf;fk;> tha;
frg;G> thapy; ePh; Cuy;> fz; vhpT> kyf;fl;L> cly; vhpT ePq;Fk;."85
tp~f;fbfs;:
'fhzhf; fb vd;why; fbj;jjpd; gadhy;> clypy; eikr;ry;> tPf;fk;>
,Nyrhd Ruk;> grpapd;ik Nghd;wit ,Uf;Fkhdhy; nra;a Ntz;bait.
Jk;ig ,iy - 100 fpuhk;
fPohney;yp ,iy - 100 fpuhk;
Jsrp ,iy - 100 fpuhk;
rpwpah eq;if ,iy - 100 fpuhk;
Fg;ig Nkdp ,iy - 100 fpuhk;
,tw;iw cyh;j;jp nghb nra;J 3 NtisAk; 5 fpuhk; tPjk; RLePhpy;
rhg;gplTk;. cg;igf; Fiwf;fTk; gj;J ehl;fs; rhg;gplTk;."86
'ed;F Kw;wpd tpy;tNtiu jz;zPhpy; ,ioj;J fbthapypy; G+r Njs;
fb tp\k; FiwAk;.
mg;gf;Nfhit (fUld; fpoq;F) ,bj;J J}s; nra;J jphpfb msT
ghk;G fbj;jth;f;F nfhLj;J jz;zPh; Fbf;f ghk;G tp\k; ePq;Fk;.87
'ey;nyz;nza; - 40 kpy;yp
Jk;ig ,iyr;rhW - 20 kpy;yp
erpak; vdg;gLk; %f;Fg;nghb - 2B];G+d;
%d;iwAk; fyf;fp thapy; Cw;w clNd the;jpahFk;. 3>4 kzp Neuk;
fopj;J urk;> GOq;fy; mhprp rhjk; fhy; tapW rhg;gplTk;. ,uT Neukhf
,Ue;jhy; czT nfhLf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy"88
85.rpj;
85.rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.25> 26
86.Nehapd;
86.Nehapd;wp tho rpj;j itj;jpak;> g.46
87.mDgt
87.mDgt rpj;j itj;jpa rpe;jhkzp> g.156> 174
88.nja;
186
'kpsF 10> Fg;ig Nkdp ,iy $l;L miuj;J fhiy khiy %d;W
ehs; rhg;gpl vyp tp\k; Kwpe;J tpLk;.
Jk;ig ,iy my;yJ Jk;ig Nth; miuj;J xU nfhl;ilg; ghf;fsT
tPjk; xU Ntis %d;W ehs; fhiyapy; rhg;gplf; FzkhFk;. vyp
tp\k; KwpAk;.
mopQ;rpy; vDk; rpW ku %ypif kug;gl;ilia miuj;J %d;W ehs;
%d;W Ntis rhg;gpl vyp tp\k; Kwpak;."89
'fUk;G+id kyj;ij xU fow;rpf; fhasTk;> ey;y nty;yk;
fz;lq;fj;jphp fhasT itj;J 3 ehl;fs; 6 Ntis nfhLf;fTk;. 6
ehl;fSk; cg;gpy;yhj gj;jpak; 7tJ ehs; Xkk; Nja;j;J Fspj;J
cg;gpl;l gUg;GQ; Nrh;f;fTk;. 8 tJ ehs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nrh;f;fyhk;.
18 tifahd vypf;fbf;Fk; kUe;J.
Fg;igNkdp Nth;g;gl;iliag; gRtpd; ghyiuj;J 3 ehl;fs; 6 Ntis
Fbj;J 6 ehl;fs; tiuf;Fk; cg;gpy;yhj gj;jpak; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk; mThp Ntiu nte;ePhpy; miuj;J 12 ehl;fs; G+rpdhy;
G+idf;fb tp\k; jPUk;.
nts;shl;Lg; ghy; 1 ypl;lh;> MLjpd;dhg;ghiy rhW ¼ ypl;lh;>
jpidahprp gb ¼ Nghl;L nghq;fp ,uz;L NtisAk; 3 ehs; jpd;W 6
ehs; tiu cg;gpy;yhjg; gj;jpak; ,Ue;J 7 tJ ehs; ];ehdQ; nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; trk;G> mThpNth; ryj;jhy; miuj;Jg; G+r Ntz;Lk;.
midj;J tif tz;Lfb tp\k; Nkfq;fs;> ghh;itf; Fzq;fs;
FzkhFk;.
rpWFwpQ;rhd; Ntiu nte;ePhpy; miuj;J 3 ehs; 6 Ntis nfhLj;J 6
ehs; cg;gpy;yhj gj;jpak; itj;J 7k; ehs; ];ehdk; nra;jhy;
90
rpWghk;G tp\k; jPUk;."
'vl;bg; gor;rhW> Ntg;g vz;nza; rk msT vLj;J nkOF gjkhf
fha;r;rp J}Jsq;fha; msT Ie;J ehl;fs; ,uz;L Ntis rhg;gpl rfy
tp\k; jPUk;."91
'Njs; eQ;R:
Jk;igr;rhW 1 kpy;yp Njdpy; fye;J nfhLj;J ,iyia miuj;Jf;
fl;bdhy; Njs; eQ;R ,wq;Fk;. fLg;G ePq;Fk;.
fpue;jp ehafk; ,iyia 6 nkd;W jpd;dj; Njs; tp\k; ePq;Fk;.
mThp Nth; - 20 fpuhk;
89.gpzpfs;
89.gpzpfs; jPh;f;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk;> g.168
Gypg;ghzp itj;jpak; - 500> g.30>31
90 .Gypg;
91.Njiuah;
91.Njiuah; itj;jpak; - 1000> g.139
187
mUfk; Gy; - 30 fpuhk;

kpsF - 9
ikahf miuj;J 15 fpuhk; jpdk; 3 Ntis rhg;gpl;L cg;G> Gsp ePf;fp 6
ehl;fs; czT nfhs;sj; Njs;> G+uhd;> nra;ahd; eQ;R jPUk;.
eha;f;fb:
mopQ;rpy; Nth;g;gl;ilia cyh;j;jpg; nghbj;J 100 kpy;yp fpuhk;
fhiy>khiy 7 ehs;fs; nfhLj;J tu eha;f;fb eQ;R jPUk;.
Ckj;ijapiyfis ePh; tplhJ miuj;J ey;nyz;nzapy; tjf;fp
eha;f;fbg; Gz;zpy; fl;l MWk;.
miu fpuhk; tWj;jg; ngUq;fhag; nghbiag; gid nty;yj;jpy;
92
itj;J nfhLj;J tu ntwp eha;f;fb eQ;R jPUk;."
25. cly; tYtpw;Fk; tdg;gpw;Fk; kUe;J:

01. 'ney;ypf;fha;r; rhW - 500 fpuhk;
02. Rf;F - 50 fpuhk;
04. mhprp jpg;gpyp - 50 fpuhk;
05. rPufk; - 50 fpuhk;
06. Xkk; - 50 fpuhk;
08. Vy mhprp - 50 fpuhk;
09. nfhj;j ky;yp - 50 fpuhk;
10. ngUQ;rPufk; - 25 fpuhk;
11. fUQ;rPufk; - 25 fpuhk;
12. mjpkJuk; - 25 fpuhk;
13. ed;dhhp Nth; - 25 fpuhk;
14. mKf;uh fpoq;F - 25 fpuhk;
15. fLf;fha; Njhy; - 25 fpuhk;
16. rh;f;fiu - 1 fpNyh
17. Njd; - 500 fpuhk;
18. nea; - 500 fpuhk;
19. Fq;Fkg; g+ - 5 fpuhk;
ney;ypf;fhia tpijia ePf;fp fy; cuypy; ,bj;J rhW vLj;J gPq;fhd;

ghj;jpuj;jpy; itf;fTk;. rh;f;fiu Njd;> nea;> Fq;Fkg; g+ ePq;fyhf
92.%ypif
92.%ypif kUj;Jtk;> g.259
188
kUe;Jr; ruf;Ffis fy; cuypy; jl;b ,sk; tWtyhf tWj;J ,bj;J

tbf;flTk;.
ney;ypf;fha; rhw;iw ,Uk;Gf; flhapy; Cw;wp rh;f;fiuia ,bj;Jg;
Nghl;L nfhjp te;jJk; ,bj;J kUe;Jr; ruf;Ffisf; nfhl;b ed;whff;
fpswp tpl;L ,sfy; gjj;jpy; ,wf;fp Fq;Fkg; g+itg; Nghl;L fpz;b
NtW ghj;jpuj;jpy; khw;wp ghj;jpuj;jpd; thia Jzpahy; %b 6 kzp
Neuk; ntapypy; itj;J gj;jpug;gj;jTk;.
kUe;Jz;Zk; Kiw:
fhiy 10 fpuhk; vil
khiy 10 fpuhk; vil
nte;ePh; my;yJ ghYld; 40 ehl;fs; cz;zTk;.
jPUk; Neha;fs;:
eh twl;rp> ,isg;G> fisg;G> %l;L typfs;> ,Lg;G gpbg;G> fgf;fl;L>
tpe;J e\;lk;> Jhpj ];fypjk;> tpe;J ePj;Jg; NghFjy;> jiyr; Rw;W>
tapw;Wf; NfhshWfs;> grpapd;ik> %j;jpu vhpTk; kyf;fl;Lk;> NgjpAk;
ePq;Fk;. ngz;fSf;F khj tplha;f; NfhshW> khj tplha; fhyj;jpy;
Vw;gLk; tapw;W typ> J}uf; FiwT ePq;Fk;. cly; typTk; tdg;Gk;
Vw;gLk;. 1 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l rpWth;fs; ,isg;ghf ,Ue;jhy; 5 fpuhk;
vil ,sfiy ,uz;L gq;fhf;fp ,uz;L Ntis 40 ehl;fSf;Ff;
nfhLf;fTk;.
Fwpg;G:
kUe;Jz;Zk; ehl;fspy; fliyg; gUg;G> G+rzp> gwq;fp> japh;> gor;rhW>
kJ tiffisAk; ePf;fTk;. khkpr czitAk;> Kl;iliaAk; Nrh;j;Jf;
nfhs;syhk;.
cly; tYtpw;F #uzk;:

01. jhsprg;gj;jphp J}s; - 100 fpuhk;
02. kpsF J}s; - 100 fpuhk;
03. nts;is kpsF - 100 fpuhk;
04. mKf;uh fpoq;F - 100 fpuhk;
05. jpg;gpyp - 100 fpuhk;
06. Nfhiuf; fpoq;F - 100 fpuhk;
07. Rf;Fj; J}s; - 100 fpuhk;
08. Nfh\;lk; J}s; - 100 fpuhk;
189
09. fUQ;rPufk; J}s; - 100 fpuhk;

10. Vyk; J}s; - 100 fpuhk;
11. ,ytq;fg;gl;il J}s; - 25 fpuhk;
12. ,ytq;fg; gj;jphp J}s; - 25 fpuhk;
13. rptdhh; Ntk;G J}s; - 25 fpuhk;
14. fLf;fha; J}s; - 25 fpuhk;
xt;nthU kUe;ijAk; xd;wpuz;lhfj; jl;b kz; rl;bapy; Nghl;;L ,sk;
tWyhf tWj;j ,bj;J tb fl;lTk;. xt;nthU kUe;ijAk; jdpj;jdpahf
tWj;J ,bj;J tbfl;b vilasT epWj;jp kz; ghidapy; NghlTk;.
vy;yh kUe;Jr; ruf;FfisAk; ed;whff; fye;J xU kz; ghidapy;
Nghl;L kz; jl;lhy; %b fhw;Wg; Gfhky; Jzpahy; fl;b 3 ehl;fs;
itj;jpUe;J kUe;ijg; gj;jpug;gLj;jTk;.
kUe;Jz;Zk; Kiw:
fhiy czTf;F 1 kzp Kd; 5 fpuhk; vilAs;s J}Sld; rpwpJ

gRk;ghy; my;yJ nte;ePh; mUe;jTk;. khiy 6 kzpf;F xU Kiw tPjk;
40 ehl;fs; cz;zTk;.
kUe;Jz;Zk; ehl;fspy; js;s Ntz;bait:

kJtiffs;> goQ;NrhW> Fsph;e;j ghdq;fs;.
Fwpg;G:
30 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;lth;fs; 15 fpuhk; J}is ,uz;L gq;fhf;fp cz;L

tuTk;."93
93.
93 rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.68>69>70

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,ay; - ehd;F

eykhd tho;tpw;Fr; rpj;jkUj;Jtk;;

jiytyp Nghf;Ftjw;fhd topfs; :

<uy; Nfhshwpdhy; jiyr;Rw;wy;:

fz; Nfhshwpdhy; jiyr;Rw;wy;:

gpzpfs; jPhf;Fk; ek; ehl;L kUj;Jtk; g-

'rPufk; 35 fpuhk;> jdpah 35 fpuhk;> rPe;jpy; nfhb 35 fpuhk; ,tw;iw

'Vw;wNt ryNjh\ kz;ilf;Fj;J

Nghw;wplNt nad;FU Ntjpah; jhdpe;jg;

vYkpr;rk; goj;jpy; E}w;wpnal;L fpuhk;ig Jisj;J itj;J>

Nej;jpu Neha; 96f;Fk; ijyk;

05.mf]; 400>- g-132.

'nghd;dhq;fz;zp> rpWfPiu> Mthiu nkhl;Lj; Jsph; ,itfis gRk;ghy;

Vyk;> fpuhk;G> mjpkJuk;> rz;gfg;G+> rhjpf;fha;> kpsF> re;jdk;>

Fwpg;G→Fsph;e;j ghdk;> gjhh;jk;> clYwT Ntz;lhk;.

06.rpj;jh;fs; fz;l rpwe;j kUe;Jfs;> g.20

08.ruNge;jpu itj;jpa uj;dhtsp> g.110

05. FspaYf;F eWkzj; J}s;:

gr;ir mhprp> ghrpg;gUg;G ,itfis Xd;whfg; Nghl;L ,sk; tWtyhf

vy;yh ruf;FfisAk; fy; cuypy; Nghl;L ,bj;J gj;jpug;Lj;jTk;.

3. J}a ePh; - 2 ypl;lh;

XU kz; ghidapy; ePh;Ks;sp tpijiag;Nghl;L trk;ig ed;whf

'gbfhuj;ijf; fLf;fha;r; rhw;wpy; fiuj;J me;jr; rhw;wpdhy; thiaf;

'nehr;rp ,iyia miuj;J Rz;ilf;fha; msT itj;J mjpy; rpwpJ

gy; Neha;fs; ePq;f gw;nghb:

rPikf; fy; ehiu XU kz; rl;bapy; Nghl;L 50fpuhk; Nrhw;W cg;ig 4

kz; rl;bapy; tWj;J ,bj;Jg; Nghl;L ed;whff; fye;J 3 ehl;fs; %b

NrUk;gb kuf;Fr;rpahy; fyf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; nghUs;fnsy;yhk;

08. jiyKb cjpuhkYk; eiuf;fhky; ,Uf;f ijyk;:

kUNjhd;wp ,iyfisAk;> fwpNtg;gpiy ,iyiaAk; miuj;J cUl;bf;

Nky; ruf;Ffis ,bj;J t];jpufhak; nra;J Kd;G nrhd;d

rspAld; $ba ,Uky;:

rkmsT #uzpj;J xU B];G+d; Njdpy; fhiy> ,uT 48 Kjy; 96

Nkdp ,Uky; #uzk;:

,tw;iw ,bj;Jr; #uzpj;J Fg;ig Nkdp ,iyia 200fpuhk; fye;J

'Rj;jkhd Njd; - 350fpuhk;

Njid mLg;gpNyw;wpf; fha;r;rp RLk;NghJ kpsFj; J}isAk; nghhpj;j

M];Jkh cs;sth;fs; rhg;gpl $lhj czTfs;:

Jitay; : cilj;j fliy (nghl;Lf; fliy) Njq;fha;

khuilg;G Vw;glhky; jLf;f topfs;:

',Uja Neha; ,Utifg;gLk;. xd;W ,jaj;jpw;Nf tpahjp Vw;gLtJ.

neQ;Rtyp-khuilg;G ePf;Fk; kUe;Jfs;:

Nkw;fz;l midj;J nghUl;fisAk; Rj;jk; nra;J 15 vYkpr;irg;

J}Jtis> KUq;iffPiu> rpWfP;iu Nth;> Miuf;fPiu> kzj;jf;fhsp>

11. ,uj;j mOj;jk;:

,uj;j mOj;j Neha; ahUf;F tUk; vd;W ghh;j;jhy;>

,uj;j mOj;jk; cs;sth; jtph;f;f Ntz;ba czTfs;:

,uj;j mOj;jk; Fzkhf:

Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; xd;whf;fp nghb nra;J nfhs;sTk;. ,jpy;

Fiwe;j ,uj;j mOj;jk; Fzkhf:

Nkw;fz;l midj;ijAk; xd;whf;fp nghb nra;J fhiy> khiy 5 fpuhk;

tapw;Wf; fpUkpfs; ntspg;gl kQ;rs;> nfhd;iw ,iyj;Jsph; ,ij

,e;j ehd;F nghUisAk; f\hak; nra;J rhg;gpl;lhy; the;jp epw;Fk;.

,e;j %d;iwAk; eUf;fp f\hak; itj;J rhg;gpl the;jp epw;Fk;.

tapw;W typ ePq;f:

'ew;rPufk; - 100 fpuhk;

Xkk; - 100 fpuhk;

KUq;if ,iyr;rhW - 50 fpuhk;