Compilation On Guggulu
Compilation On Guggulu
Compilation On Guggulu
Guggulu is an oleogum
resin that exudes spontaneously as a result
of injury from the bark of commiphora
wightii bhandari (syn commiphora mukul
hook ex stocks or balsamodendron mukul
hook ex stocks) Guggulu more popularly
known as bdellium is derived from the
gummy resinous exudate of a plant closely
related to myrrh that is found in arid to
semi arid areas of (northern india
>Bangladesh and pakistan The sanskrit
definition of the trem guggulu is one that
protects against diseases this attests to the
wide respect and therapeeutic ayurvedic
application for this botanical considered the
most important for the ama toxic
substances which accumulate as a result of
sluggish digestion and circulation associated
with a slowing of of metabloism Guggulu is
an resin the major ingredient in joint care
and immuno care that has been regarded as
a remedy in count and to possess strong
immuno modulating properties guggul is
one of the broad spectrum health product
with a wide a range of benefits mode of
action makes this product very helpful not
only in protecting against the common cold
but alos invarious other conditions it has
been ahown to have in remarkable
properties lower cholesterol and
triglycerides while mantaining the HDL to
LDL ratio has long known guggul it has been
subjected to hundreds of clinical studies
2)HISTORY-:
Guggul is described as agni
sthana and used for Dhupa In atharva veda
it is mentioned that yaksma and other
dieases will not spread to the areas
fumigated by guggulu sayana alos
introduced it as a well can known Dhupana
dravya it was used for the treatment of
diseases of cattle
3)Batanical Name-
Commiphora wightii
is gum (guggul gum)with common name
nidian bedellium_tree gugal guggul or
mukula myrrh tree is flowing plant in a
family burseraceae which produces a
fragrant resin called guggal or gugual that is
used in incense and vedic medicine or
(ayurveda) the guggulu plant may be found
from (northan africa to central asia )but is
most common in northen india it prefers
arid and semi_ arid climates and is tolerant
of poor soil
4)FAMILY -
The burseraceae are a
moderate_sized family of 17-19 genera and
about 540 species of flowering plant the
actual numbers differ according to time
period in which given source is written
describing this family the burseaceae the
frankincense and torchwood family the
frankincense and myrrh family or simply the
incense free family the includes both tree
and shrubs and is native to traopical regions
of africa asia and the americas .
5)GANA (classifiction)
Different
acharya have described guggulu under
different ganas which are discribed as
follows
ACHARYA- VARGA -
1 charakab samhita7 sangyasthapana kasha
Skandha
2 sushruta samhita8.9 eladi kaphasmari bhedan
3 asthanga sangraha28 eladi
4 asthanga hridaya14 eladi rasayana
5 Dhanvantari Nighantu17 chandanadi
6 madanphala “19 karpooradi
7 kaiyadeva “20 Aushadhi
8 Bhavaprakasha”16 karpooradHI
9 RAJAVALLABHA NANOUSHADHI
6) SYNONYMS-
1) Raja nighantu .Durga
.yananadvishta .Yatughna
.Bhavabhishta .mahishaksha
.Nisataka .Devesta
.Jatala .marudesya
.Kala Niryasa Rakshohan
.Pura .Divya
.Bhutanhara
.Siva
.kausika
.sambhava
2)Dhanvantari Nighantu-
.Jataya .Kausika
.Naktamchara .Palamkasha
3)Madanapala Nighantu-
.Palamkasha
.Devadhupa
4)Kayyadeva Nighantu-
. Nishasayee .Kalaniryasa
. Nisachara .UluKhal
. Sarvasaha .Sivadhupa
5)Bhavaprakasa-
.Devadhupa .kumba
7)Vernacular name-
1)Bengali - guggulu. Guggal. Ranghan
2)Hindi- gugala. guggal .gugava
3) English- Gum. Indian bdellium
4) Telugu – Meshakshi. Maishakakshi
5)Tamil- kukkil. Gukkal
6) Arabic- mukulyahuda.mulkarjak
7 Kannad- Kanthgal. Kangah
8)Gujarati- Gugara. Gugal
8)TYPES OF GUGGULU-
In atharva veda it is
resparted that guggulu was very evolved as
amrita guggulu has two types
1)Nadisameepattha which is found hear the
sindhu river
2) Samudra sameepotlha this is found near
the Bhavaprakasha has reparted five types
of guggulu on the basic of color
Tese are “
.Mahishaksha
.Mahanela
.Kumuda
.padma
.Hiranya
. Each types has its specific color as
mahishaksh has the color either of bhringa
or anjana mahanul is extremely blue in
color kumuda types has the color of
kumuda in flower is white padma looks dark
red like ruby color while hiranya looks like
gold however each types of variety has
been prescribed for specifically in human
and Animalsn
8)VARIETES-
.Raja Nighantu; Guggulu is
mentioned in chandananadi varga
The guggulu is ststed to be of three
varieties
.1 guggulu
.2 kanaguggulu
.3 Bhumija guggulu
The prefix kana is an adjective indicating
the physical character synonyms have been
mentioned for this variety
.Kayyadena Nighantu-
Guggulu is menitioned in
oshadhivarga as an aromatic drug
5types of verieties have been mentioned
.Hiranya of golden yellow
.kumuda with the color of white lily
.padma of the color or ruby
.manhanila which is blue
.mahishaksha which has the color of a
honey be or black anjan
.Bhavaprakasa
The hirunya variety is stated to be
useful for humans kumuda and padma
varities for horses and mahishants and
mahanila variteties for elephantes
9)HABITAT-
Bangldesh pakistan india
arabie countries raiasthan hydereabad mp
assam some parth of kamatka
(MORPHOLOGY-
It is shrup grous up to 4-5ft
height 2-3mlong glandular pubescent tree
grows well in sandy laom I gypusm contnt .
ptt 7.5-9.0
LEAVES-
1.3 folliate leaflets subsellite
trminal leaftet is large 2cm long 1 cm wide
rhomboid ovaid shape serrate dentate
margin sooth shing
FRUIT-
Drupe when ripened it is red in
incolor 6.8am in dimaeter
SEEDS-
Small .nuts .ovaid in shape
USEFUL PART-
Gum resign (oliogum
resign)
10)MACROSOPIC FEATURES_
Translucent
vernacular or stalactic tears of varying sizes
reddish yellow or brown in colour more
often occurring in resinous lumps which
turan darker in colour on long storage
fracture brittle exposing a rough or waxy
surface havimg odour acrid bittle and
aromatic tast
(MICROSCOPIC)-
Foreing matter not more than 4./.
total ash
Not more than 5/ acid – insoluble ash
Not more than 1./. alchol solubler
extractive
Not less than 27./. water soluble extractive
Not less than 53./. volatile oil not less than
1./. water
(CHEMICAL COMPOSITION)
In its chemical
composition volatile oil resins gum and a
bitter compound is found five types os
guggulu sterols z- guggul sterone E
guggulsterone guggulu sterol 1.2.3
sesamine cholesterol mucolol and other
steruids are also found monocyclic
diterpenens alpho comphorene and
cembrene isolated from resin allyvlcembrol
isolated gum from resin plant and
characterized three new steroids guggul
streroles 1`.2.3 are isloated from gum
resion tetranedron 1972.28.2341)
11) DISTRIBUTION -
The gugglu is plant may be
found from northern africa to central asia
but is most comman in northern india it a
also found in the trects of western india and
found extensively in rajasthan gujrat and
maharashtra it is propagated by seeds and
root cutting
(CULTIVATION)-
Guggulu is sought for
its gummy resin which is harvesated from
the plant bark through the process of
ptapping in india guggulu is cultivated
commerially it can succissively be
propagated by vegetative means the
rooting initiates 21 day after sprouting ands
300mm long is 15mm diameter cuttinf gives
the maximum rooting as it is a plant os arid
zone there is no nicessity os irrigation upto
the middle of november except during
drought
ENDANGERMENT AND RESCUE-
Because of its medicinal
properties .guggulu has been over
harvested in much of its habitat and has
been listed on the IUCN red list of
threadtend species several efforts are in
place to address this situation india national
medicinal plants board launched a project
in kutch district to cultivate 500 to 800
hectares (1.200 to 2000 of Guggulu while a
grass rootes conservation movement led by
IUCN associate vinet soni has been started
to harvesting in safe sustaininable
harvesting methods
SUBTITUTES AND
.
ADULTERANTS
.The gum resin
obtained from boswellia serrata roxb salai
guggulu is the major adulterant it is
distinguished by its yellowish green golden
or milky tears seldom amalgamated into
lump and a characteristic turpentine like
odour gum oleo –resin of commiphora
myrrha nees engl imported from africa and
constituting the drug hirabole or bole of
commerce is sometime mixed with guggulu
(RASA PANCHAKA)-
Guna - + + +
Virya + - + - +
Vipaka - + + - +
(GUGGULU SODHANA)-
.Physical impurities
like sand stone leaf etc. are fist removed
from crude drug crushed into small pieces
then taken in a pottali and boiled in liquids
and some among gomutra (cow. Urine)
triphala kwatha vasapatra swarasa vasa
patra kasaya boiling is carried out the
pottali is to be discarded the fluid is filtered
and boiled till it forms a mass.
. ACTION
.RAJA NIGHANTU: Reduces
kapha and vata tonic (rasayana ) useful in
the diseases like colic solea internal tumour
gulma ascites udara and flatulence
.Dhanvantari Nighantu: Dipana increases
improves voice vishya( aphrodisiac)
Rasayana constructive tonic capable of
joining broken bone
.Kayyadena Nighantu: Dipana increases
digestive capacity brimhana roborant
(aphrodisiac) rasayana constru active tonic
swaryam good for the voice and capable of
joining the broken bones
.BHAVAPRAKASA: dipana increases the
digestive capacity vrishya aphrodidiac
rasayana constructive tonic balya roborant
svarya good for the voice capable of joinig
the voices capable of joining the broken
bones
.INDICATIONS :-
Prameha mutrakrcchra
Gandamala Arbuda
Vatarakta Pramehapidaka
Gradhrasi katigraha
Vatavyadhi kustha
Sotha Bhagandara
Asthibhagna asthiruk
Medoraga amavata
Katisula gradhrasi
Amavata Pangu
.(Amayika prayaga):-
1.vatavyadhi disorders
of vata :-guggulu taken with milk is very use
ful as a rasayana in all kinds of vatavyadhi
2.Amavata :-Regular usage of D guggulu rith
cow urine is beneficial in amavata
rhumatoid arthritis
MODERN USES:-
.modern therapeutiv
usesguggulu include nervous diseases
hemiplegia leprosy marasmus muscle
spasms neuralgia ophthalima phorrhea
scrofula skin diseases spongy gums
ulcerative pharyngitis hypertension
ischaemia hypertansion hemorrhoide and
urinory tract disorders more recently c
mukula was found to be a relatively safe
and effective supplment for osteoorthies of
the knee research studies dhowed that
guggulu is effective against aspectes of
platelets the curde gum guggulu and each
of the fractions containing the E-and
guggulusterones have hypocholesteremic
activity the ethyl actetate extract the netral
compounds from the netural fractions and
that containing the purifled Eand Z
guggulusterons
“PHARMACOLOGY:-
Lipid lowering effects :-
Typical guggulipid
preporations contain 2.5.5%of the plant
sterals guggulsternes E and Z thes two
cmpontes have reported to exert effecte on
lipids
.MODERN:-
Modern therapeutic uses of
guggula include nervous diseases hmiplegia
leprosy marasmus muscle spasms neuraliga
ophthalmia phelitis phornhea scrofula skin
diseases spongy gums ulcerative pharyngitis
hypertension ischaemia hemorrhoids and
and urinary tract disorders more recently
c.mukula was found to bi a relatively safe
and effective supplemant for osteoarthis of
the knee research dtudies showed that
guggulu is effective against aspects of of
plateles the curde gum guggulu and each of
the fractions containing the e.and z/
guggulu sterones have hypocholestermic
activity the ethyl acetate extract the neutral
that containing the purified e.and
z.guggulsterones
.PHARMACOLOGY:-
.lipid lowering effects:-
Typical guggulipid preparation contain
2.5.5%of the plant sterols guggulsterons E
And Z these two components have reported
to exert effect on lipids.
.HYPOCLOESTEROLEMIC ACTIVITY:-
Crude
guggulu was found to passess highly
encouraging hypolipaemic activity in rabbits
crude guggulu and its alcohol saluble
fractions caused singnificant fall in seruim
cholesterol and serum turbidity with a
concomitant incresase in the coagulation
time and prothrombin time
.(Anti –fertility activity ):-
Guggulu caused a
reduction in the weight of rat uterus ovaries
and cervix with a concomitant increases in
thir glycogen and sialic acid levels thereby
showing that it might be useful as an agent
.(ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS):-
Guggulu caused
a reduction nin the weight of rat passedes
antioxidant properties possibly mediating
protection agent myocoradial nissoid
.(PLATELET EFFECTS):-
Guggulipid has
been found to inhibit platelet aggregation
and increase brinolsis
.(ANTI ‘INFLAMMATORY):-
pharomacological studines have showm
that the oleoresin is a highly potent
antinflammatory agent as compared to
hydrocartison and butazolidin againt
brownle s fromaldenhyde induced arthirtis
in albine rots
.(THYROID EFFECTS):-
Data from animale
models suggest that the guggulu consituent
guggulsterone z may stimulate thyroid
function
.(ANTI ARTHITICE ACTIVITY ):-
Suddha
guggulu administtered to 30 palitents of
rheumatoid arthitis showed complete
remission 66.66% major to minor 23,33/.
10%) improovement beside anti
inflammatary and analgesic properties
.IN THE TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASES:-
The fraction a and the steroidal component
derived from it were studied
experimentan myocardial infarction in rats
produced by isoprenaline the results show
that guggulu is on of a fow drugs which is
effective in both hyperlipidemia and
myocardialnecrosis
IN INFECTIVE HEPATITIS :-
The antagonizing
property of guggulu on the liver
hypertrophy has been established
ATIMATRA PROYOGA OG
GUGGULU :-
Without precaution if
guggulu used in excess it may lead to
.klaivya –impotency
.asyasosa- dryness of mouth
. timira- progerssive cataract
.karasya.lean
.atisara –diarrhoea
CONTRAINDICATIN DURING GUGGULU
USAGE .
YOGA FORMULATIONS);-
.GOKSURADI GUGGULU
. KANCANARA
KAISORAGUGGULU
.TRAYODASANGA
.MAHAYOGARIJA
.TRIPHALA
.LAKSA
.VYOSADI
.VATARI GUGGULU
.SIMHANADA GUGGULU
(REFERENCES):-
.RAJA NIGHANTU SAHITO
DHANWANTARIYA NIGHANTU
ANANDASHRAMA POONA 1925
.KAYYADENA NIGHANTU MEHARCHAND
LAKSHMANADAS LAHORE 1928
.MADANAPALA NIGHANTU NANDA KISHORE
SHASTRI VARANASI 1932
.SUSRUTA SAMHITA NIGHANTU SAGRA
PRESS BOMBAY 1938
.ASTHANGA HIRIDAUA NIGHANTU SAGAR
PRESS BOMBAY 1939
.CHARAKA SAMHITA NIRNAYA SAGARPRESS
BOMBAY 1941
BHAVAPRAKASA POORVAKHANDA M
VENKATA SAATRY VIJAYAWADA 1959
.SHARMA PV. MADAVA DRAVYA GUNA
CHAUKHAMBA VIDYABHAWAHA. VAR ANSI
1973.