An Introduction to XY-pic

Cameron McLeman

Department of Mathematics
The University of Arizona

October 17, 2007

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Intro

LATEXpackage.
Developed principally by Kris Rose and Ross Moore.
Large community support base.
Preamble: \usepackage[all]{xy}.
Extra output on compile.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

References

K.H. Rose: XY-pic User’s Guide (16 pages)

K.H. Rose & R. Moore: XY-pic Reference Manual (81 pages)
A. Perlis: Axis Alignment in XY-pic diagrams.
Aaron Lauda: XY-pic tutorial with an archive of examples:
http://www.dpmms.cam.ac.uk/~al366/xytutorial.html

All (and many more) available online.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Objects

This diagram is very important:

\begin{equation*}
\xymatrix{
M&c&L\\
E&M&A&N}
\end{equation*}
This diagram is very important:

M c L

E M A N

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Some XY-pic options

Compare \xymatrix{M&c&L\\E&M&A&N}

M c L

E M A N

to \xymatrix@C=1pc@R=1pc{M&c&L\\E&M&A&N}

M c L

E M A N

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Arrows

Arrow (\ar) directions are relative, using {d, l, u, r} to navigate, e.g.,

\begin{equation*}
\xymatrix@C=2pc@R=2pc{
M & c\ar[dr]\ar[drr] & L\\
E\ar[u] & M\ar[l] & A & N}
\end{equation*}
gives

MO c @OOO
@@ OOO L
@@ OOO
@@ OOO
@ OOO
'
Eo M A N
Note that a \ar[r] from the “L” or a \ar[d] from the “A” give
errors.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Arrows II: Style

Use an @-modifier to change the arrow style (tail, shaft, and head):
Code Style Comments
\ar@{->>} // Surjection
\ar@{-->} _ _ _/ Implied Existence
 /
\ar@{|->} Defined on Elements
 /
\ar@{^(->} Injection
\ar@{_(->}  / Bizarro Injection
\ar@{-} Field Extension
\ar@{~>} /o /o /o / Functorial Correspondence
\ar@{=>} +3 Implies
\ar@3{~>>} /o/o o//o _*_*4 4 Strongly sort of implies
  /o /o /o o
\ar@{||~<} Umm...quasipseudoisomorphism...
Note: Design your own!

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Arrows III: Labels

Use ^ for labels “above the arrow,” and _ for “below”:

\ar[r]^a_b \ar[d]^a_b \ar[l]^a_b \ar[u]^a_b

a / o b
b a O
b a a b


Combine with styles via \ar@{->>}^a_b[r] (order counts!):

A
a //B
b

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Arrows for Nit-pickers

Bp ⊕ B0
Q
σp +ψp
0 /A / τ /C /0
p|p

vs.
σp +ψp
/A / Bp ⊕ B0
τ /C /0
Q
0
p|p

Used @C for spacing, \ar[r]^(.33){\sigma_p+\psi_p} for

label placement, and Dr. Alex Perlis’ command
\entrymodifiers={+!!<0pt,\fontdimen22\textfont2>}
for axial alignment instead of center alignment.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Holes and Breaks

Some final decoration tricks:

\xymatrix{A\ar[r]|\phi&B}

A φ /B

\xymatrix{A\ar’[rr][rrr]&&&B}

A /B

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Example 1: Basic Commutative Diagram

The projective module diagram:

P

h 
 g
 
X /Y /0
f

was typeset using

\xymatrix{
\ar@{}|(.7)\cal[dr]&P\ar@{-->}[dl]_h\ar[d]^g\\
X\ar[r]_f&Y\ar[r]&0
}
(\cal = \circlearrowleft)

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Example 2: Mixing and Matching

?
Cp B C
 
 
/  

/ Qp 
r Zp ^<< _?
? 
rrr << ?? 
rr << ?? 
rrr << ??  

r
yyrrr .N /O 1
/Q
A
Fp Z R



/ 
qq
Zp
_>>
Qp
`@
@ 
qq >> @@ 
qqqq >> @@ 
qq >> @@  
qx x qq /O /O 0
/Q
Fp Z

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Advanced Arrows: Easy Curving

Use @/_<curve amount>/ or @/^<curve amount>/


A / 8& B
AF

The above was generated by:

\ar@/^npc/[r] for n ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3}
\ar@/_npc/[r] for n ∈ {1, 2, 3}.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Advanced Arrows: Easy Curving

Alternatively, specify outgoing and incoming directions with

\ar@(<out>,<in>):

 
A =B

The three arrows are:

\ar@(r,u)[r]
\ar@(dr,dl)[r]
\ar@(ur,ul)[]

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Example 3: Pull-Back Diagrams

Universal properties:

ZF
F x
∃!F
F#
%/
y
X ×S Y p X
q
  
Y /S

\xymatrix{Z \ar@/_/[ddr]_y \ar@/^/[drr]^x

\ar@{-->}[dr] |(.45){\exists !} \\
& X \times_S Y \ar[d]^q \ar[r]_p & X \ar[d]
\\ & Y \ar[r] & S}

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Advanced Arrows: Harder Curving

Make detours using ‘ and turn commands. A simple curved arrow:

ED
BC
A B C

“Start out of the r side of C, make a 14 -turn towards [d], continue the
same direction and then make a quarter turn toward [l]”.

\xymatrix{A&B&C
\ar@{-} ‘r[d] ‘[l] \\
&&}

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Example 4: The Connecting Homomorphism

With sufficient patience:

ED
BC
··· / H i (A) / H i (B) / H i (C)

GF
@A
δ

/ H i+1 (A) / H i+1 (B) / H i+1 (C) / ...

\xymatrix{ \cdots\ar[r] & H^i(A) \ar[r]&

H^i(B) \ar[r] & H^i(C)\ar ‘r[d] ‘[l]
‘[llld]_{\delta} ‘[dll] [dll]\\
& H^{i+1}(A) \ar[r] & H^{i+1}(B)
\ar[r] & H^{i+1}(C)\ar[r] & {\dots} }

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Actual XY-pic

XY-pic:
Name comes from xy-coordinates.
\xymatrix is just a front-end.
More flexible, less intuitive.
Basic commands:
Set up coordinates.
Make something and put is somewhere.
Connect two things.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Make things and connect things:
<pos>*<object>
**<arrow>
\[\begin{xy}
(0,0)*{B};
(10,0)*{a};
**{an};
\end{xy}\]

Ban ana
Use **{-} for straight lines.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Use labels and reconstruct arrow shafts with {\ar}:
\[\begin{xy}
(0,0)*+{A}="A";
(20,0)*+{B}="B";
{\ar@{->} "A";"B"};
\end{xy}\]

A /B

Note: Careful about ’’ vs. " in emacs.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Curves in \xy

Curving using Bezier curves and B-splines:

\[\begin{xy}
(0,0)*+{A}="A";
(20,0)*+{B}="B";
**\crv{(5,10)&(15,-10)};
\end{xy}\]

A B

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Example 5: Connecting Homomorphism Revisited
Curves Using \PATH:
\xy
(-20,0)*+{\cdots},{\ar (-16,0);(-6,0)};
(0,-14.2)*+{H^{i+1}(A)}="target",
(59,-14.2)*+{\cdots},{\ar (48,-14.2);(55,-14.2)};
{\ar (7,-14.2);(13,-14.2)};
(20,-14.2)*+{H^{i+1}(B)},{\ar (27,-14.2);(33,-14.2)};
(40,-14.2)*+{H^{i+1}(C)},(0,0)*+{H^i(A)};
(20,0)*+{H^i(B)};{\ar (6,0);(14,0)};
(40,0)*+{H^i(C)}="C";{\ar (26,0);(34,0)};
\PATH ~={**\dir{-}?>*\dir{}}~>{|>*\dir{>}}
‘_d (50,-5)
‘_l (50,-5)
’ (-10,-7.1)_\delta
‘^d (-10,-10)
‘^r (-10,-10)
"target",
\endxy

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Example 5: Connecting Homomorphism Revisited

ED
BC
··· / H i (A) / H i (B) / H i (C)

GF
@A
_________________________________
δ

__/ H i+1 (A) / H i+1 (B) / H i+1 (C) / ···

Comparison to previous technique–

Pros: More customizable
Cons: Less automated.

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Circles and Ellipses

Need to include \usepackage[arc,all]{xy}:

(0,5)*\ellipse(3,1){-};
Centered at (0, 5).
Horizontal length 3, vertical length 1.
Use @{style} to change style.
Can make partial arcs by specifying angle.
Samples:

•
•

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Composite Constructions

Three ellipses and two lines:

Shading via:

(0,-5)*\ellipse(3,1){.};
(0,-5)*\ellipse(3,1)__,=:a(-180){-};

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

Even Compositer Constructions

Again, some things come in very handy...

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic

And finally, a less useful example...

e 9
α
•x  β

αβα−1 β −1 = 1

Cameron McLeman Intro to Xy-pic