Neet
Neet
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Physics HandBook
Logarit hm p a p q a b
If then
q b p q a b
log 10 N = x 10 x = N
log bN = log ba * log a N
log b1 = 0, l og a a = 1
n(n 1)
Note: (i) 1+2+3+4+5....+ n =
2
n n 1 2n 1
(ii) 12 +2 2 +3 2 +...+ n 2 =
6
2
n n 1
(iii) 1 +2 +3 +...+ n =
3 2 2 3
2
E 1
Physics HandBook CH APTER
TRI GONOMETRY
0°
(0)
30°
/6)
E
45°
/4)
60°
/3)
90°
/2)
N
2sinAsinB = cos(A–B) – cos(A+B)
2sinAcosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A–B)
120°
/3)
135°
/4)
150°
/6)
180° 270°
/2)
360°
)
1 1 3 3 1 1
LL
sin 0 1 0 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 1 1 1 3
cos 1 0 -1 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
tan 0 1 3 3 -1 0 0
3 3
A
sin (90 ° + ) = c os sin (180° – ) = sin sin (– = –sin sin (90° – ) = cos
cos (90°+ ) = –sin cos (180° – )=– cos cos (–) = cos cs 90° – ) = sin
tan (90°+ ) =– cot tan(180°– )=– tan tan (–) = – tan tan(90°– ) = cot
sin (18 0° + ) = – sin sin (270°– ) = – cos sin (27 0°+ ) = – cos sin (360°–
) = – sin
cos (180° + ) = – cos cos(270° – )=
– sin cos (270° + ) = sin cos (360° – )= cos
tan (180° + ) = tan tan (270° – ) = cot tan (270° + ) = – cot tan (360° – )= – tan
A
sine law For smal l
A sin cos 1 tan sin tan
c b
sin A sinB sinC
B C
a b c
B C
a
cosine law
2 2 2
b +c -a c2 + a 2 - b2 a 2 + b 2 - c2
cos A , cosB , cos C
2bc 2ca 2a b
2 E
CHAPTER
Physics HandBook
Integration
C = Arbitrary constant, k = constant
•
d
dx
f(x)dx g(x) C
(g(x)) f(x)
kf(x)dx k f(x)dx
E N
LL
• e x dx e x C
x n 1
• x n dx C,n 1
A
n 1
1
• dx nx C
x
1 x
• e x dx e C
n x n 1
• x dx n 1
C
Definite integration
b
b
f(x)dx
a
g(x)a g(b) g(a)
E 3
Physics HandBook CH APTER
• Area of sector =
r2
2
r
E
N
s
•
•
Volume of a cylinder = r2
(r = radius and = length)
Volume of a cone =
1
3
(r = radius and h = height)
r2 h
LL
s r
• Plane angle, radian
r
A
• Solid angle, steradian
r2
A
• To convert an angle from degree to radian, we have to multiply it by and to convert an angle
180
180
from radian to degree, we have to multiply it by .
dy dy
KEY POINTS
4 E
CHAPTER
Physics HandBook
VECTORS
Vector Qu antities Vector subtraction
A phys ical quantity which requires magnitude and a
particular direction, when it is expressed.
Parallel vectors – two vectors having same direction. Bcos B
antiparallel vectors – vectors in opposite direction.
Bsin
B
Equal vectors – Vectors which have equal magnitude and R
same direction
Negative or opposite vectors – Vectors having equal
magnitude but opposite direction. R A B R A B
Null vector or Zero vector
A vector having zero magnitude. The direction of a zero vector B sin
is indeterminate. R A2 B2 2AB cos , tan A B cos
A ( A) 0
Unit vector If A = B then R 2A sin
2
A vector having unit magnitude. It is used to speciafy direction.
R AB
Triangle
ˆ
Unit vector in direction of A , A A
|A|
Rmax = A+B for =0° ; R min = A ~ B for =180° In a polygon if head of the last vector coincide with the tail
of the first vectors, in other words vectors are forming closed
Parallelogram Law of Addition polygon, then their resultant is null vector.
of Two Vectors D
If two vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of a C
parallelogram which are directed away from their common
E
point then their sum (i.e. resultant vector) is given by the
diagonal of the parallelogram passing away through that
common point. B
A
D C
A BC DE 0
B Rectan gular component of a 3–D
B A+
R= vecto r
A A xˆi A yˆj Az ˆk
A B
A
Angle made with x-axis
AB AD AC R or A B R R A 2
B 2
2AB cos A Ax
cos x
A A A2y A 2z
2
B sin A sin x
tan and tan Angle made with y-axis
A B cos B A cos
E 5
Physics HandBook CH APTER
Ay Ay
cos m b
A A 2x A2y A 2z
Angle made with z-axis
A Az b|| a
cos z n
A A2x A2y A 2z Component of b perpend icular to a ,
, m, n are called direction cosines
b b b|| b b aˆ aˆ
2 +m 2 +n 2 =cos 2 +cos 2 +cos 2
r
r xiˆ yj
ˆ r cos ˆi sin ˆj
x A A
B B
EXAMPLES :
1. Construct a vector of magnitude 6 units making
2.
an angle of 60° with x-axis.
1
Sol. r r(cos 60iˆ sin 60j)ˆ 6 ˆi
3 ˆ 3iˆ 3 3 jˆ
j
E
2
Const ruct an unit vector making an angle of 135°
with x axis.
2
N
ˆi
A B Ax
Bx
ˆj
Ay
By
ˆk
Az
Bz
ˆi A y B z A zB y ˆj (AxBz–BxAz) + kˆ (AxBy–BxAy)
LL
ˆ 1 A B B A
ˆ ( iˆ j)ˆ
Sol. ˆr 1(cos135 i sin135 j)
2 (A B).A (A B).B 0 j
Multi plication of a vector by a number
ˆi ˆi 0 , ˆj ˆj 0 , kˆ ˆk 0 positive
If b k x a then magnitude of b is k times |a| , a nd ˆi ˆj ˆk ; ˆj ˆk ˆi , i
A
negat ive
direction of b is same as a kˆ ˆi ˆj ; ˆj ˆi ˆk
Scalar product (Dot Product) k
kˆ ˆj ˆi , ˆi kˆ ˆj
Differentiat ion
A.B
Angle between A B
AB cos cos 1
two vectors AB d dA dB
(A.B) .B A.
dt dt dt
If A A x ˆi A yˆj A z ˆk & B B xˆi B yˆj B z k
ˆ then
d dA dB
A.B A x B x A yB y A zB z and angle between (A B) BA
dt dt dt
A & B is given by
When a particle moved from
A.B A x B x A y B y A zB z (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) to (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) then its
cos
AB A A2y A2z B2x B2y B2z
2 displacement vector
x
6 E
CHAPTER
Physics HandBook
B C
B a C F3
Are a of triangle
B
AB 1 Bsin
Area
B
2
AB sin
2
Are a of parallelogram
Bsin
E
Area = A B = A Bsin
A
N
LL
A
For parallel vectors
AB 0
For perpendicular vectors
A.B 0
For coplanar vectors
A
A.(B C) 0
If A,B,C points are collinear
AB BC
E 7
Physics HandBook CH APTER
Work, W = F.d = Fdcos where F force, d displacement
Examples
Power, P = F.v = Fvcos where F force, v velocity
of
Electric flux, E = E.A = EAcos where E electric field, A Area
dot
Magnetic flux, B = B.A = B Acos where B magnetic field, A Area
products
Potential energy of dipole in where p dipole moment,
uniform field, U = – p.E where E Electric field
Torq ue r F where r position vector, F force
Examples
E
Torque on dipole placed in electric field
IN TS
Y PO
KE • Te nsor : A quantity that has different values in different directions is called tensor.
Example : Moment of Inertia
In fact tensors are merely a generalisation of scalars and vectors; a scalar is a zero rank tensor, and
A
IMPORTANT NOTES
8 E