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Business Math Dictionary

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A another in some respects,

then they probably will agree


Assets
in others.
thing you own
Angle
Absolute value
Formed by two rays with a
The distance a number is
common endpoint
from zero on a number line
Area
Accurate
The amount of surface
The process used to find
enclosed by a geometric
sizes, quantities, or amounts.
figure
Amortization Period
the length of time until the
debt is zero

Amortization Schedule
a chart that shows the
balance of the mortgage
after each amortization
period

Analogy
A conclusion that if two or
more things agree with one
B Backlog Balance budget multiplier Balancing item
used to refer to the value of the change in income divided the estimated net value of
Back charge omissions from all other
the unfilled orders placed by the tax financed change in
item previously charged to items recorded on the
with a company government expenditure
an account but unpaid. The balance of payments
that brought about accounts
current invoice requests Backward vertical
payment of the previous integration Balance of trade
Bar graph
charge as well as of current merging with a firm involved the difference between the
Horizontal or vertical bars
charges with the previous stage of value of visible exports and
that display data
production the value of visible imports
Back door listing
Base
a method that a company Bad debt Balance Sheet
Tells what factor is being
which failed to get listed on account or note receivable shows the assets, liabilities multiplied in exponential for
the stock exchange acquires that proves to be entirely or and financial position of the
and merges with a company partially uncollectible despite company Basis
that is already listed on that collection efforts The starting value or used
Balancing charge point in calculating the gain
exchange, thereby getting
Balance this is a charge that is or loss, depreciation,
‘back door’ listing
the equality of total debits calculated when a fixed asset amortization and depletion
Back up and total credits of all is sod or disposed of. It may
to make a duplicate copy of accounts in a general ledger be an income or expense Batching
original data or files usually in the preparation of a trial item The collecting and organizing
of incoming invoices before
stored on a separate data balance
processing
storage medium
Behavioral accounting Benefits principle Bonds distribution of data is divided
approach to accounting that the idea that people should loans to companies or into four equal parts.
stresses psychological pay taxes based on the governments (no voting
considerations in decision Branch accounting
benefits they receive from rights)
making, also called human the accounting for regions
resource accounting government services
Bonus separated geographically or
Beta usually an extra payment sections of enterprises
Behavioral theories
measure of systematic or made in recognition of the
which state that business Break Even Point
objectives are determined diversifiable risk of a stock contribution a worker has
the point where income and
jointly by groups of made to the company
Bill expenses intersect (no loss
interested parties
a term typically used to Bookkeeping or profit)
Beneficial owner describe a purchase invoice accounting support function
Budget
refers to the individual who performed by the book
Billable a quantitative economic plan
enjoys the benefits of keeper. Is the most basic of
refers to the costs/ or other prepared and agreed in
ownership even though the the accounting duties and
title may be in a different expenses that are covered by advance. It is used for
requires less education and
name the contractual agreement planning and control
experience
between two parties that purposes
Beneficiary may be billed Bottom Line Figures
Individual who will receive Business decisions
the final figures
an inheritance upon the Bond discount these include strategic
death of another the amount below face value Box-and-whisker plots decisions, tactical decisions
at which a bond is issued Identifies trends and and operational decisions
summarizes information. The
Business entity principle rewards that are different
a firm or business is seen as from those of other of the
separate from its owner in business segments
the presentation of the final
Business structure
accounts and financial
the way in which a business
statements
is organized
Business ethics
Business valuation
the influence of values and
the price that a hypothetical
beliefs upon the conduct and
buyer would pay for a
operation of the business
business or entity under a
Business plan given set of circumstaces
a statement made by a
business, outlining the way it
will attempt to achieve its
objectives

Business segments
used to refer to a component
of a firm that may provides a
single products/service or a
group of related
products/services and that is
or can be subject to risks and
C Capital budget customers to pay their bills predominately man-made
plan of proposed acquisitions on time resources
C.P. A
and replacements of long-
certified public accountant Capital expenditure Capital lease
term assets and their
money spent on fixed assets one in which the lease
Capacity financing
which will last for more than obtains significant properly
the level of output that
Capital charge one year rights
corresponds to the firm’s
is an amount of money that
minimum short-run average Capital flight Capital loss
is normally arrived at by the
total cost the movement of financial refers to the higher purchase
calculation of the money of
capital overseas following price above the sale price
Capital (accounting) the firm has invested in
domestic problems. when the fixed are sold. The
the money invested into a capital multiplied by the
loss often given different or a
business by the owners weight average cost o9f Capital gain
special different treatment
capital. the profit made by selling a
Capital account for tax purposes
share/ asset for more it was
a term usually applied to the Capital consumption
bought for Capital maintenance
owner’s equity in the see depreciation another
principle in accounting
business name for the same concept Capital goods
goods that are use of other Cash flow
Capital asset Capital cost allowance
goods amount of money coming in
asset purchased for use in the depreciation of an asset
and going out of your
production over long periods as an expense Capital intensive
business monthly
of time rather than for resale refers to production
Cash discounts
processes that require Causation
offered to encourage
is the capacity of
one variable to influence Collateral principal plus any horizontally and vertically to
another. The first variable security for a loan accumulated interest check that the totals agree
may bring the second into
existence or may cause Common-size statements Compounded monthly
financial statements interest is paid twelve times Cross-products
the incidence of the
expressed in percent a year The products of multiplying
second variable to
the numerator of one
fluctuate.
Common shares Compounded quarterly fraction with the
Circle Graph paid dividends after the interest is paid four times a denominator of the other
preference shares have been year fraction and vice versa
A visual shows how data is
divided into categories that paid
Compounded semi-annually Cubed
do not overlap A number used as a factor
Complete enumeration interest is paid twice a year
survey three times
Chain discounts
Constant
a series of discount where info is collected for
an item of data the stays the
every unit of the population
Commission Rate same
An amount of money earned Compounded annually
that is a percent of their total Conventional mortgage
interest is paid once a year
sales the amount of money
Compounded daily borrowed is less than 75% of
Commission interest is paid 365 times a the purchase price
The amount of money year
received from the sales Cross-Footing
Compounded interest adding columns of figures
interest calculated on the
D when as one value increases,
so does the other
Data
the info collected from a Discount
survey and the figures The amount that the regular
generated through statistical price is reduced
analysis
Dividend
Decimal system the number to be divided by
A system in which you can
Divisor
convert measurements by
the number you are dividing
multiplying or dividing by
by
powers of ten

Default
non-payment

Diameter
A segment that passes
through the center of a circle
and is twice the radius

Direct proportion
a number is directly
proportionate to another
F
E Factoring
Front loaded
the majority of the early
payments go toward paying
Finding what factors were
Estimation multiplied to obtain the the interest on the loan
An approximate measure product
when an exact measure is
not necessary or available Fixed costs
costs that remain constant
Exponent
Tells the number of equal Foreign currency exchange
parts in exponential form a rate that one currency can
be exchanged for another
Exponential Form
A number written with a Foreclosure
base and an exponent. the process of repossessing
Extension and selling the real or
the total of units multiplied personal property when the
by the price borrower has defaulted

Equivalent ratios Fractions


If two ratios represent the parts of a whole number
same comparison Frequency Table
Shows how often an item
appears in a set of data
G
Greatest Common Factor
(GCF)
The common factor of two or
more monomials is the
greatest numerical factor
and variable or variables of
greatest degree
H
High ratio mortgage
the amount of money
borrowed is between 75% -
95% of the purchase price

High risk statement


you may get a large return or
get nothing

Hypothesis
A statement containing
information that leads to a
conclusion
I Interest
money earned on an
Income taxes
investment or paid on a loan
An annual tax on personal
income Investment
something that is expected
Indirect proportion
to return a profit
a number is indirectly
proportionate to another Invoice
when as one value increases, a bill
the other decreases

Improper Fraction
is fractions that express
amounts which are equal to
or greater than a unit.
Hence, the numerator is
either equal to or greater
than the denominator

Income statement
shows the money coming in
and expenses for a certain
period of time.
J
K
L Line Segment
M Minimum
A part of a line that consists the lowest number in a
Lease of two endpoints and all Maximum
group of data
a contract giving someone points between them the highest number in a
the right to use something group of data Mixed number
for a certain length of time Loan is numbers that consists of a
money given to someone on Mean
whole number and a fraction
Lessee condition the person will (simple average) adding the
the person paying to borrow return the money and group of items and dividing Multiplicand
property for a certain interest by a specific date by the total number of items the first number
amount of time for payments
Median Multiplier
Lessor Loss the score that falls in the the number you are
the owner of the property is opposite of profit & to middle multipliying by
put it simply, its gain or
Liabilities loss which can be Medium risk statement Mode
amounts of money you owe measured investing in a well- the most frequently occuring
established company value in a group of data
Line Low risk investment
A set of points that extends the interest amount is small, Measurement Money factor
without end in opposite but you are guaranteed to The three numbers that a decimal figure when x by
directions
get something separate a set of data into 2400 gives an approximate
Line Graph four parts. annual interest rate
Points representing data are Mortgage
plotted, then connected with a loan
line segments
Mortgagee
the lender

Mortgagor
the borrower

Multimodal
more than one frequently
occuring value in a group of
data
N
Net capitalized cost
the price after any down-
payment or trade-in

Net Pay
The amount of money that a
person is paid after taxes are
subtracted
O
Opposites
Two numbers the same
distance from 0 (zero) but in
opposite directions on a
number line

Overtime
time worked beyond the
established working hours
P Perfect Square A flat surface that extends Price earnings ratios
A rational number that is a without end in all directions indicators of the confidence
P. A product of two equal factors investors have in a company
per annum - yearly that are rational numbers Polygon
(the higher the better)
A two-dimensional closed
Parameter Perimeter plane figure formed by Principal
number calculated from The distance around a plane joining three or more line The amount of money that is
population data figure segments at only their earning interest or that your
endpoints. are borrowing
Partative proportion Per Diem
involves identifying parts of a per day Population Prism
whole based on a given ratio a complete set of individuals, A three-dimensional figure
of these part Personal property objects or scores being with two identical, parallel
property other than real studied faces, called bases
Percent estate (often called a chattel
of one hundred mortgage) Preference share Profit
provide a specific dividend Profit is a surplus
Percent of Increase Pictograph remaining after deducting
What percent the amount of that is paid before any
Displays data with graphic total cost from revenue.
increase is of the original dividends are paid to
number symbols common stock holders Proper Fraction
Point is fractions that express
Percent of Increase Precision
A location in space amounts which are less than
What percent the amount of A measure that is nearly
represented by a dot a unit.
increase is of the original exact
number Proportion
Plane
when two ratios are equal
Q
Quartiles
Identifies trends and
summarizes information. The
distribution of data is divided
into four equal parts.
R Ratio analysis
Form of vertical analysis. It is
used to determine certain
Radius ratios important in business
The fixed distance from the decision-making, like
center of the circle to the determining profitability
edge of the circle
ratios, liquidity ratios,
solvency ratios, asset
Ray
A part of a line that has one utilization ratios, etc.
endpoint and extends
Real property
without end in one direction
real estate (houses, condos,
Range warehouses, factories, etc)
the difference between the Residual value
highest and lowest numbers the amount the property is
in a set of data worth at the end of the lease
Rate Retired
Percent charged per year for
paid in full
the use of money over a
given period of time Risk
the unexpected variablility of
Ratio
returns
a comparison of two
numbers
S Points represent the data, Statistic
but they are not connected. a number calculated from
Sales commission
sample data
the money paid to an Sensitivity analysis
employee based on a deciding if its worth the risk
percentage of their sales
Shares
Sale Price part ownership in a company
The regular price less the
discount Sides
The rays of an angle
Sample
Simple interests
a portion of the population
interest calculated on the
being studied
principle
Scale
The ratio of the size of the Special discounts
drawing to the size of the a percentage discount to
actual object customers

Scale drawing Squared


A drawing that represents a A number multiplied by itself
real object
Square Root
Scatter Plot Two equal factors of a
Displays two sets of related number
data on the same set of axes.
T
Tax
A charge, usually a
percentage, that is imposed
by an authority, generally
local, state or federal
government.

Term
the length of the loan

Time
How long the principal
remains in the bank or
unpaid

Trade discount
a percentage discount for
buyers associated with the
products being sold
U
V W
Variable Weighted average
an item of data that has a used when the each piece of
different value at different data has more than one
times component

Variable costs
costs that fluctuate

Vertex
The endpoint of an angle

Vertical analysis
used in the preparation of
common-size statements

Vinculum
indicates division

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