OC 11 - 12 - Unit 8 - Lesson 4 - Repair and Termination

Lesson 4
Repair and
Termination
Engage in a communicative
Learning
situation using acceptable,
Competency 1 polite and meaningful
communicative strategies
(EN11/12OC-IIab-21).
Objectives
● analyze the context of repair and termination in

communication; and
● employ solutions to repair or terminate
discussions when violations are committed.
Essential Question
What makes repair and termination important

communication strategies?
Warm-up!
From the previous discussion about the different violations

in communication situations, brainstorm and fill out a
cluster chart with ideas on how to repair and terminate
conversations.
Review
1 Repair means fixing one problem.
Termination means stopping or ending

2 something.
Learn about It!
Repair was first defined by Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks

(1977) as the set of practices whereby a participant interrupts
the ongoing course of action to attend to possible trouble in
speaking, hearing, or understanding the talk. However, the
practice of repairing conversations can also extend to fixing
other violations.
Learn about It!
Termination, on the other hand, refers to the participants’

use of expressions to end the conversation.
Learn about It!
Types of Repair
Self-initiated self-repair
● initiated and fixed by the speaker of the trouble source
● often carried out when the speaker corrects himself or
herself or when he or she cannot find the right word but
then is able to find it after a short pause.
Learn about It!
Other-initiated self-repair
● initiated by another participant but is fixed by the speaker of
the trouble source
● typically occurs when another participant could not hear the
speaker or has misunderstood the speaker
Self-initiated other-repair
● initiated by the speaker of the trouble source but is fixed by
another participant
● happens when the speaker could not find the right word or
phrase and another participant supplies it in the conversation
Learn about It!
Other-initiated other-repair
● both fixed and initiated by another participant
● usually occurs when the speaker misarticulated something or
says wrong information, which prompts another participant to
correct him or her
Learn about It!
Guidelines on How to Repair or Terminate
1. Recognize the violation.

2. Shift back to the main topic.
3. Asking leading questions to let other participants know that
they have returned to the original topic.
4. After disregarding unnecessary topics or once the participants
have said what they want to say at that time, the conversation
may already be terminated. This can be done by taking a
break, rescheduling the discussion, or by simply using
statements that signal the end of the interaction.
Learn about It!
Guidelines in Repair and Examples

Termination Communication Situations Examples of Verbal Cues
1. Be polite when terminating a Thanking a teacher

discussion especially if the - Greeting your teacher after Goodbye and thank you
speech is formal. class and thanking him or her is
a simple example of
termination.
2. Ensure that the correction Informative Speeches
done in the repair - As informative speeches are What I mean is that
communicative strategy is merely technical in nature, it is
concise but clear. inevitable to experience
repairs.
Learn about It!
Guidelines in Repair and Examples

Termination Communication Situations Examples of Verbal Cues
3. Consider the context of the Casual conversations with peers What I am saying is
speaking situation when using - This situation may both use
the communication strategies. repair and termination
That is, use formal language for especially that the speaker is I’ll see you again tomorrow!
formal context and informal or more comfortable speaking or
casual language as preferred using informal language.
when in an informal context.
Drills
Identify whether the communication strategy used in the

given situation or line is repair, termination, or neither of
the two. Write R, T, or N, respectively.
1. Sarah couldn’t remember a certain word she was about to

say, and her friend said it for her.
2. “Hey, let’s just continue discussing this tomorrow. I have to
head home.”
3. “Hi! I haven’t seen you in so long! We have so much to catch
up on.”
Drills
4. While answering a question, Jonathan stuttered but immediately

corrected himself.
5. The teacher made sure that the students do not deviate from the
main topic.
6. Carrie didn’t know much about the topic, so she steered the
conversation toward a topic that she was more comfortable
discussing.
7. “That would be it for today. See you tomorrow.”
8. “Let’s talk about this later, okay? For now, I have to get to class.”
9. “Have you seen Mandy . . . I mean . . . Randy?”
10. “Did you mean to say ‘resuscitate’?”
Drills
Answer the following writing prompts.
1. What are the possible violations when using repair and

termination?
2. What is the relationship of verbal fillers and repairs?
3. In one paragraph, answer the question: What are the
advantages and disadvantages of using repair and
termination in communication?
Drills
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Content/ The written output The written output The written output is
Substance is not substantiated is substantiated well substantiated
with enough with some with significant
significant significant supporting details.
supporting details. supporting details.
Organization The ideas are not The ideas are The ideas are clearly
clearly and logically clearly presented, and logically
presented. but an idea or two presented.
are not logically
sequenced.
Drills
Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score
(1 point) (2–3 points) (4–5 points)
Unity The written output The written output The written output
does not use any uses limited uses appropriate
transitional signals. transitional signals. A transitional signals. All
The sentences do not sentence or two are the sentences flow
flow smoothly, and seemingly unrelated smoothly from one to
some sentences are to the topic. another.
unrelated to the topic.
Language The errors in spelling, There are minimal The spelling, grammar,
grammar, and use of errors in spelling, and use of words are
words lead to a grammar, and use of accurate.
misunderstanding of words.
concepts.
Values Integration
What are the benefits of self-correcting?

Synthesis
1. Form five groups.

2. Pretend that you are working in a publishing company and
are tasked to create a comics for a project.
3. Decide on the genre, topic, characters, conflict, and other
elements of your writing and drawing.
4. The comic strip should adhere with the following guidelines:
- The comics should be written on a short bond paper
- The output should be limited to 4 pages
- The output should integrate and discuss the types of
communication strategies
Synthesis
5. Prepare to share your outputs in class.

6. Answer the following questions:
a. What did you enjoy in the activity?
b. What is the main idea of your comics?
c. What communication strategies are used in your
scripts? How were these represented?
d. How did the use of the communication strategies
help you in doing the activity?
Assignment
On a long bond paper, make an Editorial cartoon that
reflects a national issue and represents a certain ‘repair’
or ‘termination’ done in communication.
For example, an editorial cartoon of the president’s

secretary justifying his words or actions is an example of
repair. On the same paper, construct a title and a one-
paragraph explanation of your drawing.
Assignment
Criteria Score
Content
(Focus on details is clearly evident; all the given information are
clearly related to the topic.) 5 pts.
Organization
(Logical progression of details/events; clear transitions between
ideas) 3 pts.
Language
(Use of proper grammar and word choice) 2 pts.
Score: /10

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Lesson 4

● analyze the context of repair and termination in

What makes repair and termination important

From the previous discussion about the different violations

1 Repair means fixing one problem.

Termination means stopping or ending

Repair was first defined by Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks

Termination, on the other hand, refers to the participants’

Guidelines on How to Repair or Terminate

1. Recognize the violation.

Guidelines in Repair and Examples

1. Be polite when terminating a Thanking a teacher

Guidelines in Repair and Examples

Identify whether the communication strategy used in the

1. Sarah couldn’t remember a certain word she was about to

4. While answering a question, Jonathan stuttered but immediately

Answer the following writing prompts.

1. What are the possible violations when using repair and

Criteria Beginning Developing Accomplished Score

What are the benefits of self-correcting?

1. Form five groups.

5. Prepare to share your outputs in class.

For example, an editorial cartoon of the president’s

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