Chapter – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Wi-Fi (IEEE-802.11b) and Wi-Max (IEEE-802.16e) have captured our attention, as there are no recent
developments in the above technologies which cannot transfer data and video information at a faster rate
and led to the introduction of Gi-fi technology. It offers some advantages over Wi-Fi, a similar wireless
technology, that offers faster information rate in Gbps less power consumption and low cost for short
range transmissions.
Gi-Fi or Gigabit Wireless is the world’s first transceiver integrated on a single chip in which a small
antenna used and both transmitter- receiver are integrated on a single chip which is fabricated using the
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Because of Gi-Fi transfer of large videos,
files can be done within seconds. Researchers of Melbourne University has come up with a wireless
technology which promises high speed short range data transfers with a speed of up to 5Gbps within a
radius of 10 meters. The new wireless technology is named as Gi-Fi and operates on the 60GHz
frequency band, which is currently mostly unused. The Gi-Fi Chip developed by the Australian
researcher’s measures 5mm square and is manufactured using existing complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the same system that is currently used to print silicon chips [1].
The best part about this new technology is its cost effectiveness and power consumption, it consumes
only 2watts of power for its operation with antenna (1mm) included and the development of Gi-Fi chip
costs approximately $10( Rs 380) to manufacture.
In theory this technology would transfers GB’s of your favorite high definition movies in seconds. So
Gi-Fi can be considered as a challenger to Bluetooth rather than Wi-Fi and could find applications
ranging from new mobile phones to consumer electronics.

Figure 1.1[1]: a transceiver chip of GI-FI

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The chip shown in the above figure uses the 60GHz "millimeter wave" spectrum to transmit the data,
which gives an advantage over Wi-Fi (wireless internet). Wi-Fi's part of the spectrum is increasingly
crowded, sharing the waves with devices such as cordless phones, which leads to interference and
slower speeds. But the millimeter wave spectrum (30 to 300 GHz) is almost unoccupied, and the new
chip is potentially hundreds of times faster than the average home Wi-Fi unit. However, Wi-Fi still
benefits from being able to provide wireless coverage over a greater distance.

1.2 FEATURES OF GI-FI

The features of Gi-Fi have been standardized with many objectives like
1.2.1 High speed data transfer:
The main invention of Gi-Fi to provide higher bit rate .As the name itself indicates that data transfer rate
is in Giga bits per second. Speed of Gi-Fi is 5Gbps, which is 10 times the present data transfer. Because
of wider availability of continuous 7 GHz spectrum it results in high data rates [3].
1.2.2 Low Power Consumption:
Though large amount of information transfer takes place it utilizes milli watts of power only. It
consumes only 2mwatt power for data transfer of gigabits of information, whereas in present
technologies it takes 10 mwatt power which is very high.
1.2.3 High Security:
Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years by the intelligence
community for high security communications and by the military for satellite-to satellite
communications[5]. The combined effects of O2 absorption and narrow beam spread result in high
security and low interference.
1.2.4 Cost-effective:
Gi-Fi is based on an open, international standard. Mass adoption of the standard, and the use of low-
cost, mass-produced chipsets, will drive costs down dramatically, and the resultant integrated wireless
transceiver chip which transfers data at high speed, low power at low price $10 only which is very less
As compare to present systems .As go on development the price will be decreased.
1.2.5 Simplicity:
One of the problems with wire connections and cables is complexity for connecting, but in the Gigabit
wireless technology simplicity is one of the features. Simple connection improves the consume
experience.

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1.2.6 Removing Cables:
For many years cables ruled the world of communication, but use of cables lead to great loss of
information and was cumbersome. Gi-Fi technology removes need for cables to connect consumer
electronics devices and the entire device in the range of 10 meters can be connected in order to transmit
the data wirelessly.

1.2.7 Small-Size:

It uses a chip sized 5mm per side.

1.2.8 Less Interference In Data Transfer :

It uses 60 GHz millimetre wave spectrum to transmit the data, which makes its cellular network less
crowded and the chip provides hundred times faster than the Wi-Fi with less interferences.
1.2.9 Other features:
1. High level of frequency re-use enabled – communication needs of multiple customers within a small
geographic region can be satisfied.
2. It is also highly portable-we can construct where ever we want.
3. It deploys line of sight operation having only shorter coverage area, it has more flexible architecture.

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 Chapter – 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 RELATED WORK:

S. Dheeraj and S. Gopichand et.al, 2002 [1] proposed a model in which they implement a technology
which gain flexibility of infrastructure, reduce capital expenditure, gain advantages over competitors and
to solve business problems.
F. Chamberland and V. Veeravalli et.al, 2003 [2] proposed two important characteristics of CMOS
devices that is used in this technology is high noise immunity and low static power consumption. The
same Gi-Fi system is currently used to print silicon chips. The Gi Fi Chip developed by the Australian
researchers. Gi-Fi allows a full-length high definition movie to be transferred between two devices in
seconds. To the higher megapixel count on our cameras, the increased bit rate on our music files, the
higher resolution of our video files, and so on.
Gast, Matthew et.al, 2005 [3] proposed that Gi-Fi technology is defined that will allow wireless
transfer of audio and video data up to 5 gigabits per second, ten times the current maximum wireless
transfer rate, at one-tenth of the cost, usually within a range of 10 meters that operates at 60GHz on the
CMOS process.
Gowtham S Shetty et.al, 2006 [4] proposed that wireless dual band router and wireless dual band USB
adapter are based on the next generation Wi-Fi technology, which is a new wireless computer
networking standard in the 802.11 ac family.
Ross and John et.al, 2007 [5] proposed a model that MIMO (Multiple input Multiple output) increase the
capacity 10 times or more and simultaneously improve the radiated energy efficiency of the order of 100
times and the system enables significant reduction of latency on the radio interface using the low
numbers and be forming in order to avoid feeding pipes.
Sachin Abhyankar et.al, 2009 [6] proposed a model that the introduction of Wi-Fi wireless network has
proved a solution to Bluetooth problem, the limitations for data exchange rate and range.
Ramirez et.al, 2011 [7] proposed that the radio links can be operated in indoor environments
with low power transmission and with reduced fading margin, making ultra-wide band systems good.
M. Z. Win, R. A. Scholtz, and M. A. Barnes,et.al, 2012 [8] proposed the benefits such as Low-cost
chip, No Frequency Interference, Low Power Consumption and High Security makes it suitable to

4
replace the existing wireless technologies for data transmission between devices that are placed in the
short distances from each other.
Jyoti Tewari, Swati Arya et.al, 2013 [9] discuss a basic idea about New Technology, “Gi-Fi” that is
based on integrated wireless transceiver chip. Within five years, this technology would be able to
replace the other existing wireless technologies based on some parameters.
Desai Vaishali J., Ramani Shrusti K et.al, 2014 [10] focus on advantages of Gi-Fi technology over other
technologies. Gi-Fi technology is able to remove need for cables to connect consumer electronics
devices and all the devices can be connected in order to transmit the data wirelessly.

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2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW TABLE :

S.NO AUTHOR’S NAME PUBLICATION YEAR PROPOSED IDEA

S. Dheeraj and S. Implementation of a technology which
1. Gopichand 2002 gain flexibility of infrastructure
F. Chamberland and V. Two important characteristics of CMOS
2. Veeravalli 2003 devices : high noise immunity and low
static power consumption
wireless transfer of audio and video data
3. Gast, Matthew 2005 up to 5 gigabits per second.
wireless dual band router and wireless
4. Gowtham S Shetty 2006 dual band USB adapter are based on the
next generation Wi-Fi technology
a model that MIMO increase the capacity
5. Ross and John 2007 10 times or more.
introduction of Wi-Fi wireless network
6. Sachin Abhyankar 2009 has proved a solution to Bluetooth
problem
radio links can be operated in indoor
7. Ramirez 2011 environments with low power
transmission and with reduced fading
margin
M. Z. Win, R. A. benefits such as Low-cost chip, No
8. Scholtz, and M. A. 2012 Frequency Interference, Low Power
Barnes Consumption and High Security
Jyoti Tewari, Swati integrated wireless transceiver chip
9. Arya 2013
Desai Vaishali J., advantages of Gi-Fi technology over
10. Ramani Shrusti K 2014 other technologies
Table 2.1: Comparison table of literature review

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 Chapter – 3
METHODOLOGY AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.1 TECHNOLOGIES USED

This mm Wave WPAN will operate in the new and clear band including 57-64 GHz unlicensed band
defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high coexistence (close
physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the 802.15 family of WPANs. Two Technologies
that help realize GWLAN are,
1. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
2. System-On-a-Package (SOP)
3.1.1 MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT
MIMO wireless is an emerging cost effective technology that offers substantial leverages in making
1Gbps wireless links a reality .We can in principle, meet the 1Gbps data rate requirement if the product
of bandwidth (measured in Hz) and spectral efficiency (measured in bps/Hz) equals 10^9 [4].
 MIMO wireless constitutes a technological breakthrough that will allow Gbps speeds in NLOS
wireless networks.
 The performance improvements resulting from the use of MIMO systems are due to
1. Array gain
2. Diversity gain
3. Spatial Multiplexing Gain
4. Interference Reduction
3.1.2 SYSTEM-ON-A-PACKAGE
SOP approach for the next-generation wireless solution is a more feasible option than SOC.
 Recent development of materials and processes in packaging area makes it possible to bring the
concept of SOP into the RF world to meet the stringent needs in wireless communication area.
 Wireless devices implementing complex functionality require a large amount of circuitry and
consequently, require a large conventional package or MCM real estate.
 SOP goes one step beyond Multi Chip Module (MCM) by enhancing overall performances and
adding more functionality.

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3.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE USED IN GI-FI
In this we will use time division duplex for both transmission and receiving. Here data files are up
converted from IF range to RF60Ghz range by using 2 mixers and we will fed this to an power
amplifier, which feeds millimeter wave antenna.
The incoming RF signal is first down converted to an IF signal centered at 5 GHz and then to normal
data ranges [8]. Here we will use heterodyne construction for this process to avoid leakages due to direct
conversion and due to availability of 7GHz spectrum the total data will be will be transferred within
seconds.
3.2.1 Time - division duplex
Time-Division Duplex (TDD) is the application of time-division multiplexing to separate outward and
return signals. It emulates full duplex communication over a half duplex communication link. Time
division duplex has a strong advantage in the case where the asymmetry of the uplink and downlink data
speed is variable [6]. As uplink traffic increases, more channel capacity can dynamically be allocated to
that, and as it shrinks it can be taken away.

Figure 3.1: Time – Division Duplex

3.3 FREQUENCY OF OPERATION
3.3.1 Operation at 60 GHz
Here we will use millimeter wave antenna which will operate at 60 Ghz frequency which is unlined
band .Because of this band we are achieving high data rates energy propagation in the 60 GHz band has
unique characteristics that make possible many other benefits such as excellent immunity to co-channel
interference, high security, and frequency re-use.

8
Point-to-point wireless systems operating at 60 GHz have been used for many years for satellite-to-
satellite communications. This is because of high oxygen absorption at 60 GHz (10- 15 dB/Km).The
absorption attenuates 60 GHz signals over distance, so that signals cannot travel far beyond their
intended recipient. For this reason, 60GHz is an excellent choice for covert communication.
3.3.2 Ultra wide band frequency usage:
UWB, a technology with high bit rate, high security and faster data transmission. It is a zero carrier
technique with low coverage area. So we have low power consumption. These features are Ultra-
Wideband is a technology for transmitting information spread over a large bandwidth (>500 MHz) that
should, be able to share spectrum with other users. Regulatory settings of FCC are intended to provide
an efficient use of scarce radio bandwidth while enabling both high data rate personal-area network
(PAN) wireless connectivity and longer-range, low data rate applications as well as radar and imaging
system [10].

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 Chapter – 4
NETWORK EVOLUTION AND IMPLEMENTED WORK

4.1 NETWORK EVOLUTION

Communication technology is divided into two types i.e. wired technology and wireless technology .The
evolution of wireless technology has led to Bluetooth, WI-FI, GI-FI technology.

Figure 4.1: Hierarchy of Networks

Initially, for many years cable ruled the world, but the installation of wires caused a greater difficulty
and thus led to wireless access.
4.1.1 OPTICAL FIBRE:
An optical fiber (or optical fiber) is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica ) or
plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a
means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic
communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data
rates) than wire cables. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with
lesser amounts of loss; in addition, fibers are also immune to electromagnetic interference, a problem
which metal wires suffer from excessively. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in
bundles so that they may be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in confined spaces, as in the
case of a fiberscope. Specially designed fibers are also used for a variety of other applications, some of
them being fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers [3].

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4.1.2 BLUETOOTH :
Bluetooth started as a "wire-replacement" protocol for operation at short distances. A typical example is
the connection of a phone to a PC, which, in turn, uses the phone as a modem. The technology operates
in the unlicensed 2.4-GHz ISM band. The standard uses FHSS technology. There are 79 hops in BT
displaced by 1 MHz, starting at 2.402 GHz and ending at 2.480 GHz. Bluetooth belongs to a category of
Short-Range Wireless (SRW) technologies originally intended to replace the cables connecting portable
and fixed electronic devices. It is typically used in mobile phones, cordless handsets, and hands-free
headsets (though it is not limited to these applications). The specifications detail operation in three
different power classes—for distances of 100 meters (long range), 10 meters (ordinary range), and 10
cm (short range).The foremost of this is Bluetooth which can cover 9-10mts [9].
4.1.3 WI-FI:
Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless
high-speed Internet and network connections. A common misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short
for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means
IEEE 802.11x.Wi-Fi followed it having coverage area of 91mts i.e. Wi-Fi style access will be limited
to a 4-to-6 mile perhaps 25 square miles or 65 square km of coverage than through the stronger line-of –
sight antennas, Wi-Max rooted the communication which enabled a maximum range but further the high
cost of infrastructure have not yet made it possible for these technologies to become a total threat to
cellular networks, so as to uproot this problem of Wi-Fi a major development in the field of
communication has taken place by inventing Gi-Fi.
4.1.4 WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access):
It is a family of wireless communications standards initially designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-
second data rates, with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. The name "WiMAX"
was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and
interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology
enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".IEEE
802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced is a candidate for the 4G, in competition with the LTE Advanced
standard.

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4.1.5 COMPARSION TABLE OF GIFI WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES:
CHARACTERSTICS BLUETOOTH WI – FI WI – MAX GI – FI
Full form Wireless Fidelity Worldwide Gigabit Wirelss
---- Interoperability for Fidelity
microwave access
Data transfer rate 800 kbps 11 Mbps 1 Gbps 5 Gbps
Operating range 10 meters 100 meters 50 kilometers 10 meters
Operating frequency 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.3- 3.5 GHz 57 – 64 GHz
Power consumption 5mW 10 m W ~5mW <2mW
IEEE standard IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.15.3C

Table 4.1: Comparison of Gi – Fi with other technologies

4.2 IMPLEMENTED WORK IN REAL TIME APPLICATION
There are many usage scenarios that can be addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some applications of
Gi-Fi.
4.2.1 Gi-Fi access devices:

Figure 4.2[2]: Gi - Fi access devices

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These access devices include termination units, internal radio modules, network interface cards ,
printers, PC’s, and all household electronic appliances. There are many usage scenarios that can be
addressed by Gi-Fi. The following are some mobility usage applications of Gi-Fi.
4.2.2 Inter-vehicle communication system:

Figure 4.3: Inter vehicle communication system

4.2.3 Huge data file transmission:
It will transfer gigabits of information within seconds.
4.2.4 Video signal transmission system in sports stadium :

Figure 4.4: Broadcasting video signals

Easy and immediate construction of temporal broadband network such as in sports stadium for the
advertisement of information distribution can be possible as shown in fig 4.2.4.

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4.2.5 Office appliances:

Figure 4.5: Office appliances

As gi-fi data transfer rate is very high we can transfer data at very high speed in offices as shown in fig
4.5 which made work very easy and it also provides high quality of information from the internet[3].
4.2.6 Video information transfer:

Figure 4.6: Video information transfer

By using present technologies video swapping takes hours of time where as with this technology as
shown in fig 4.6. We can transfer data at a speed of giga bits/sec same as that for the transfer of
information from a PC to a mobile and vice-versa.

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4.2.7 House hold appliances:
Consumers could typically download a high definition movie from a kiosk in a matter of seconds to a
music player or smart phone and having got home could play it on a home theatre system or store it on a
home server for future viewing, again within a few seconds, high speed internet access, streaming
content download (video on demand HDTV, home theater, etc.), real time streaming and wireless data
bus for cable replacement It makes the wireless home and office of the future.
Within five years, we expect gi-fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking. By that time it
will be fully mobile, as well as providing low- cost, high broadband access, with very high speed large
files swapped within seconds which will develop wireless home and office of future. If the success of
Wi-Fi and the imminent wide usage of wimax is any indication, gi-fi potentially can bring wireless
broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way [2].

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 Chapter – 5
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 CONCLUSION:
Gi-Fi has given and it is conspicuous that more research should be done in the field of this new wireless
technology and its applications .The Bluetooth which covers 9-10mts range and Wi-Fi followed 91mts
.no doubt introduction of Wi-Fi wireless network has proved a revolutionary solution to Bluetooth
problem the standard original limitations for data exchange rate and range, number of chances, high
cost of infrastructure have not yet possible for Wi-Fi to become a power network, then towards this
problem the better technology despite the advantages of rate present technologies led to the introduction
of new ,more up to date for data exchange that is GI-FI. The comparison is performed between Gi-Fi
and existing wireless technologies in this paper shows that these features along with some other benefits
that make it suitable to replace the existing wireless technologies. It removes cables that for many years
ruled over the world and provides high speed data transfer rate [1]. Gi-Fi technology has much number
of applications and can be used in many places and devices such as smart phones, wireless pan
networks, media access control and mm-Wave video-signals transmission systems.
5.2 FUTURE SCOPE:
As the range is limited to shorter distances only we can expect can expect the broad band with same
speed and low power consumption Easily Embedded Into device
1. Wireless Office and Home Equipment

2. Great Reliability and Ability

3. Greater Potential

4. Wireless HD

Demonstrations of Gi-Fi technology can be arranged showing the - huge potential it has to change the
way consumers use their in home electronic devices. The Gi-Fi team is looking for partners interested in
commercializing its 60GHz chips and with growing consumer adoption of High-Definition (HD)
television, low cost chip and other the anticipated worldwide market for this technology is vast. Within
next few years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking. By providing

16
low-cost, high broadband access, with very high speed large files swapped within seconds it could
develop wireless home and office of future.
As the integrated transceiver is extremely small, it can be embedded into devices. The breakthrough will
mean the networking of office and home equipment without wires will finally become a reality. The gi-
fi integrated transceiver chip may be launched by the starting of next year by NICTA. Due to the less
cost of chip so many companies are coming forward to launch the chip. The potential of mm wave range
for ultra fast data exchange has prompted many companies like Intel, LG, Panasonic, Samsung, Sony&
Toshiba to form wireless HD[1].
Within five years, we expect Gi-Fi to be the dominant technology for wireless networking. By that time
it will be to provide services with low-cost, high broadband access, and with very high speed large files
swapped within seconds which will develop wireless home and office of future. If the success of Wi-Fi
and the imminent wide usage of WiMAX is any indication, Gi-Fi potentially can bring wireless
broadband to the enterprise in an entirely new way.

17
 REFERENCES

[1]. S. Dheeraj and S. Gopichand, 2002,” Gi-Fi: New Era of Wireless Technology,” IEEE Trans.
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[2].J.-F. Chamberland and V. Veeravalli, “Asymptotic results for decentralized detection in power
constrained wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 22, no.
6, pp. 1007 – 1015, 2004.
[3].Gast, Matthew, ―802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide, Second Edition, Sebastopol,
CA: O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 2005.
[4].Gowtham S Shetty, 2006,” Gi-Fi: Next Generation Wireless Technology,” IEEE Trans. Commun,
vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 324- 352.
[5]. Ross and John, 2007,” The book of wireless: a painless guide to Wi-Fi and broadband wireless,”
IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 78-84.
[6]. Sachin Abhyankar, 2009,” Gi-Fi: Emerging Technologies”, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 14, no. 34,
pp. 87-95.
[7]. Ramirez, 2011,” On performance of ultra wideband signals in Gaussian noise,” IEEE Trans.
Commun., vol. 67, no. 46, pp. 244-249.
[8]. M. Z. Win, R. A. Scholtz, and M. A. Barnes, “Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Signal Propagation for Indoor
Wireless Communications,” Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. On Commun.2012,pp . 56-60.
[9]. Jyoti Tiwari, Swati Arya (2013). Evolution of Gi-Fi Technology over other Technologies. IJCSN
International Journal of Computer Science and Network, June 2013 (vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 5-8).
[10] Desai Vaishali J., Ramani Shrusti K.Gi-Fi, the Technology of New Era. IRJES, Sept., 2014 (vol.3,
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