Bite 2 and Bite 2P: Battery Impedance Test Equipment

AVTM246004
July 2011
Rev. 4
Instruction Manual
BITE 2 and BITE 2P
Battery Impedance
Test Equipment
(Includes AVO Link Addendum)
BITE 2: Catalog No. 246002B
BITE 2P: Catalog No. 246004
HIGH-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
Read this entire manual before operating.
APARATO DE ALTO VOLTAJE

Ante de operar este producto lea este manual enteramente.
M
2621 Van Buren Ave
Norristown, PA 19403-2329
610-676-8500
www.megger.com
BITE 2 and BITE 2P
Battery Impedance Test Equipment
Instruction Manual
Copyright© 2003 by Megger. All rights reserved.
The information presented in this manual is believed to be adequate for the intended use of the
product. If the product or its individual instruments are used for purposes other than those specified
herein, confirmation of their validity and suitability must be obtained from Megger. Refer to the
warranty information below. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
WARRANTY
Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a
period of one year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at
our option, defective equipment. Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be shipped
prepaid and insured. Contact your MEGGER representative for instructions and a return
authorization (RA) number. Please indicate all pertinent information, including problem symptoms.
Also specify the serial number and the catalog number of the unit. This warranty does not include
batteries, lamps or other expendable items, where the original manufacturer’s warranty shall apply.
We make no other warranty. The warranty is void in the event of abuse (failure to follow
recommended operating procedures) or failure by the customer to perform specific maintenance as
indicated in this manual.
M
2621 Van Buren Ave
610-676-8500 (Telephone)
610-676-8610 (Fax)
www.megger.com
email: battery@megger.com
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Contents
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1
About the BITE 2 and BITE 2P… ................................................................................................ 1
How the BITE 2/2P Works........................................................................................................... 2
Applications for the BITE 2/2P .................................................................................................... 3
BITE 2/2P Measurements............................................................................................................. 4
Upon Receipt of the BITE 2/2P.................................................................................................... 4
Safety First................................................................................................................................... 6
How to Use This Manual.............................................................................................................. 7
Typographic Conventions..................................................................................................... 7
SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Safety Requirements .................................................................................................................... 9
Connection to Power Source....................................................................................................... 11
Fuse Replacement ...................................................................................................................... 11
Cautions and Warnings............................................................................................................... 11
CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS...................................................... 13
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 13
BITE 2 Transmitter..............................................................................................................14
BITE 2P Transmitter ...........................................................................................................16
Receiver ..............................................................................................................................18
Receiver Keys .....................................................................................................................19
Receiver Reset Switch .........................................................................................................24
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE................................................................................................ 25
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 25
Step One: Prepare for Testing..................................................................................................... 27
Step Two: Powering-on the Receiver.......................................................................................... 28
Step Three: Scanning Test Information with the Wand (Optional) ................................................ 30
If You Do Not Want to Scan Information Using the Wand ..................................................30
If You Want to Scan Information Using the Wand ...............................................................30
Step Four: Setting Baseline, Warning and Fail Values ................................................................ 32
Step Five: Splitting the Strap (if needed) .................................................................................... 33
If You Do Not Want to Split the Strap .................................................................................33
If You Want to Split the Strap..............................................................................................33
Step Six: Connecting the Receiver and the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Transmitter to the Battery.......... 35
Connecting the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Transmitter...................................................................37
Step Seven: Measuring the Cell and the Strap............................................................................. 38
Measuring the Next Section of a Sectioned Battery String ...................................................42
Step Eight: What to Do When the Test Is Complete ................................................................... 43
Reviewing a Test .................................................................................................................43
Retesting Cells and Straps ...................................................................................................44
Printing an Active Test to Review the Data (BITE 2P).........................................................44
Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P..................................................................... 45
AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

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MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS.........................................................47

Overview ....................................................................................................................................47
Reversing the Current Source Leads............................................................................................47
Verifying the Source Current ......................................................................................................48
Sectioning a Battery System................................................................................................49
TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST RESULTS ............................................55
Overview ....................................................................................................................................55
Exporting Test Results from the Receiver to a PC .......................................................................56
Printing Test Results in the BITE 2P Transmitter Printer.............................................................58
Deleting Test Results from the Receiver......................................................................................59
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS................................................................................................61
Overview ....................................................................................................................................61
Instantaneous Interpretation ........................................................................................................62
Short-Term Interpretation............................................................................................................63
Long-Term Interpretation............................................................................................................63
Temperature Corrections .............................................................................................................64
SETTING OPTIONS......................................................................................................................67
Overview ....................................................................................................................................67
Turning the Receiver Backlight ON and OFF..............................................................................68
Adjusting the Receiver Screen Contrast.......................................................................................68
Selecting the Receiver Language.................................................................................................69
Setting the Receiver Clock ..........................................................................................................69
Selecting the Line Frequency ......................................................................................................71
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING ...........................................................................73
Overview ....................................................................................................................................73
Cleaning and Inspecting the BITE 2 and BITE 2P.......................................................................74
Charging the Receiver.................................................................................................................74
Replacing Batteries in the Receiver .............................................................................................75
Maintaining the Receiver Charger in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P....................................................78
Maintaining Fuses in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P Transmitters .......................................................78
Verifying a Transmitter Fuse Problem.................................................................................79
Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2 Transmitter .........................................................................82
Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2P Transmitter .......................................................................85
Interpreting Error Messages ........................................................................................................88
If the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Needs Repairs.....................................................................................88
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT.............................................................................................................89
Available Options .......................................................................................................................89
APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .........................................................................91
Application .................................................................................................................................91
Electrical.....................................................................................................................................91
BITE 2 and BITE 2P Transmitters.......................................................................................91
Receiver ..............................................................................................................................92
Fuses ...................................................................................................................................93
Mechanical .................................................................................................................................93
Environmental.............................................................................................................................94
Accessories - Standard ................................................................................................................95

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CONTENTS
APPENDIX B: REPLACEABLE PARTS...................................................................................... 97

Catalog Numbers 246002B and 246004...................................................................................... 97
Catalog Numbers 246002B and 246004...................................................................................... 98
How to Order Replaceable Parts for the BITE 2/2P .................................................................... 98
GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................. 99
INDEX......................................................................................................................................... 101
Figures
Figure 1-1: BITE 2 instrument......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1-2: BITE 2P instrument ...................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3-1: BITE 2 transmitter ...................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3-2: BITE 2P transmitter .................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3-3: Voltage Selector Card Orientation............................................................................... 17
Figure 3-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators .............................................................. 18
Figure 3-5: Flowchart for Receiver menus..................................................................................... 20
Figure 3-8: Receiver menu ............................................................................................................ 23
Figure 3-9: Receiver RESET switch .............................................................................................. 24
Figure 4-1: Receiver controls, connectors and indicators ............................................................... 28
Figure 4-2: Initialization screens ................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4-3: Scanning test information............................................................................................ 31
Figure 4-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators .............................................................. 35
Figure 4-5: BITE 2/2P transmitter connected to the battery ........................................................... 36
Figure 4-6: Receiver and potential probe positioned on top of battery cell terminals...................... 39
Figure 4-7: Receiver and potential probe positioned on top of battery strap terminals .................... 40
Figure 5-1: Reversing the current source leads on a single string of cells when a high
or low current message is displayed. ......................................................................... 48
Figure 5-2: Sectioning a battery system greater than 275 V ........................................................... 50
Figure 5-3: Sectioning a parallel string of cells.............................................................................. 52
Figure 6-1: Exporting data to a PC ................................................................................................ 57
Figure 6-2: Printing test results...................................................................................................... 58
Figure 6-3: Deleting test results from the Receiver ........................................................................ 60
Figure 7-1: Generic curve of impedance vs. cell life ...................................................................... 64
Figure 9-1: RTC battery "piggybacks" the system battery.............................................................. 77
Figure 9-2: BITE 2 transmitter secondary fuses (front view) ......................................................... 83
Figure 9-3: BITE 2P transmitter secondary fuses (front view) ....................................................... 86

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1
INTRODUCTION
About the BITE 2 and BITE 2P…
NOTE: Before attempting to use the BITE 2/2P, be sure that you
read and understand the safety requirements and operating
procedures contained in this manual.
Thank you for selecting an Megger product. This instrument

has been thoroughly tested and inspected to meet rigid
specifications before being shipped.
It is ready for use when set up and operated as described in
this manual.
The BITE 2 and BITE 2P are testing instruments used to

evaluate the condition of stationary battery strings. They
measure the complete electrical path of the battery:
• internal ac impedance of each cell/jar in the string
• dc terminal voltage of each cell/jar
• interconnection resistance
These measurements, along with other maintenance data

such as ambient and pilot cell temperatures and ac ripple
currents, help determine the condition of a battery system.
The BITE 2/2P consists of a transmitter and a receiver that

enable an operator to test for sulfating plates, post-strap
corrosion, poor internal connections and poor intercell
connections.

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How the BITE 2/2P Works

Average impedance values for The operator connects the current source leads from the
different types of batteries are BITE 2/2P transmitter to a battery string so that an ac test
available from Megger.
current is capacitively coupled through the battery. It is best
to test the battery string when it is operating at full float, that
is, a constant charge level.
Then the operator uses the receiver to measure the voltage

drop across the cell terminals. When the voltage drop across
the cell is divided by the total ac current passing through the
battery, the calculated value is impedance according to Ohm's
Law. This impedance value gives the operator an indication of
the overall condition of the cell, with high impedance typically
indicating an unhealthy cell.
Several factors influence an impedance value, for instance,

the size and type of cell, ambient and electrolyte temperature,
and state of charge. Therefore, to determine the impedance of
a healthy cell, the operator should measure a large number of
similar cells under similar conditions and then calculate the
average value. Deteriorating cells are easily identified by their
higher-than-average impedance.
The BITE 2/2P also automatically measures and records the

cell voltage and the time and date of the test. This voltage
represents individual cell float voltage while measuring an
operational string of cells.
The BITE 2/2P also measures intercell or strap connections

and stores them with the cell impedance values. The BITE
2/2P can measure and record all aspects of the electrical path
of the battery, including:
• location ID
• user ID
• test current
• total current
• internal cell impedance
• dc voltage
• intercell connector resistance
• specfic gravity
• time and date

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INTRODUCTION
Applications for the BITE 2/2P

The BITE 2/2P measures the following battery types, ranging
to 7000 Ah:
• lead-acid flooded cells
• sealed (VRLA) cells

• nickel-cadmium cells
The BITE 2/2P tests many system types, including:
• telecommunications
• substations
• UPS systems
• electrical power substations
• railroad signals and communications

• motive power batteries
• aircraft power supplies
• marine and military applications
• many others
For information about other installations that might benefit

from impedance testing, contact Megger.

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BITE 2/2P Measurements

Impedance readings are calibrated to 5 percent of reading over
the specified temperature range. For ac impedance, the
receiver screen presents data as ranges: 1.000, 10.00, and
100.0 mΩ. The maximum measurement is 200 mΩ.
Impedance precision (reproducibility) is 0.5%, and voltage

precision is 0.5%.
Test numbers start with number one (001) and increment

after each successful cell and strap reading. The operator
initiates data acquisition by pulling a trigger on the receiver.
The measurement range for dc voltage is from 1 to 25 V dc
with an accuracy of 1 percent of reading.
Intercell (strap) and intertier connection measurements are

made directly after the internal cell impedance measurement
when STRAP is displayed on the LCD of the receiver. This
feature provides resistance measurements in the same ranges
as the cell/module impedance.
Total current is monitored with each impedance measurement

to compute both cell and strap impedance and intercell (strap)
resistance. The operator selects filtering in a menu in the
receiver as either 50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on the line
voltage.
A low current cutoff alarm is maintained at 3 A, and the

maximum current allowed is 15 A. The LCD displays
"Hi_A" to warn of an ac current over-range and "Lo_A" for
current below 3 A.
Upon Receipt of the BITE 2/2P

Check the equipment received against the packing list to
ensure that all materials are present. Notify Megger of any
shortage (tel: 610-676-8500).
The BITE 2 instrument is shown in Figure 1-1. The BITE 2

includes the following components and accessories:
• transmitter with built-in receiver battery charger
• receiver

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INTRODUCTION
• current source leads
• clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 6-ft extension

cable
• canvas carrying case for leads
• instruction manual
• null modem cable
Figure 1-1: BITE 2 instrument
The BITE 2P instrument is shown in Figure 1-2. The BITE 2P

includes the following components and accessories:
• transmitter with built-in printer and receiver battery

charger
• receiver
• current source leads
• clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 6-ft extension

cable
• instruction manual
• null modem cable

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Figure 1-2: BITE 2P instrument
Safety First
Be sure to read the safety information in Chapter 2
thoroughly and observe all safety precautions and
recommendations.

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INTRODUCTION
How to Use This Manual
Typographic
Conventions
• Figures and tables are numbered in sequence by

section.
• Numbered lists show procedural steps.
• Bullets list items and options.

• Buttons represent elements on the BITE 2/2P control
panel.
Cautions alert you to possible

damage to equipment.
CAUTION
G Never allow water to enter the case of the BITE 2/2P.
Warnings alert you to

conditions that are potentially
hazardous to people. WARNING
Always power off and disconnect the BITE 2/2P before
F
cleaning it.
Notes provide important

information. NOTE: If you do not want to test the strap, pull the trigger and go
directly to Step Six.
Margin notes offer extra

information and assistance.

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2
SAFETY
Overview
The BITE 2 and BITE 2P and their recommended
operating procedures have been designed with careful
attention to safety. However, it is not possible to eliminate
all hazards from electrical test equipment or to foresee
every possible hazard that may occur. The user not only
must follow the safety precautions contained in this
manual, but also must carefully consider all safety
aspects of the operation before proceeding.
Any use of electricity inherently involves some degree of
safety hazard. While Megger has made every effort to
reduce the hazard, the operator must assume
responsibility for his or her own safety. Any work on
batteries is hazardous and requires constant attention to
safety. You should guard particularly against the
possibility of acid spills, explosion, and electrical shock.
Safety Requirements
The BITE 2/2P test instrument has been designed to the
IEC-1010-1 safety standard. Observe all industry
standard safety rules for testing batteries.
• The BITE 2/2P transmitter is designed for connection

to energized systems. Keep the BITE 2/2P
transmitter S1 power switch set to O (OFF) or turn off
the Current On/Off switch when connecting or
disconnecting to the battery. Always wear rubber
gloves during these operations.
• Always connect the source leads to the BITE 2/2P

before connecting to the battery under test.

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• Always remove the instrument test leads from the

battery under test when not in use.
• The purpose of this equipment is limited to use as

described in this manual. Do not use the equipment
or its accessories for any purpose other than
specifically described.
• To avoid electric shock hazard, operating personnel

must not remove the protective instrument covers.
Component replacement and internal adjustments
must be made by qualified service personnel only.
• Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere. Explosive

gases such as hydrogen can be present around
batteries. A properly vented battery environment is
considered safe, but it is the responsibility of the
operator to verify conditions before using the
BITE 2/2P.
• Wear protective clothing and eye protection to guard

against skin and eye damage from battery acid or in
the event of short-circuit sparking.
Replacement leads can be obtained • Ensure that test leads and probes are in good
from Megger. condition, clean, and free of broken or cracked
insulation.
• Observe all cautions and warnings in this manual and

on the equipment.
• This instrument is to be used only by suitably trained

personnel who are familiar with the hazards involved
in testing high voltage dc systems.
• Safety is the responsibility of the operator.

10
SAFETY
Connection to Power Source

The BITE 2/2P test instruments operate from a single-
phase power source. The three-wire power cord requires a
two-pole, three-terminal, live, neutral, and ground type
connector. The voltage to ground from either pole of the
power source must be 100 – 240 volts (50-60 Hz)
nominal. Do NOT exceed 264 V max.
Before connecting to the ac power source, determine that

the instrument rating matches the voltage of the power
source and has a suitable two-pole, three-terminal
grounding type connector.
The power input plug must be inserted only into a mating

receptacle with a ground contact. Do not bypass the
grounding connection. Any interruption of the grounding
connection can create an electric shock hazard. Make
sure that the receptacle is properly wired before inserting
the plug.
Depending on whether the test set is supplied with a

black, white and green input supply cord or a brown,
blue and green/yellow supply cord, the black or brown
cord lead must be connected to the live pole and the
white or blue cord lead must be connected to the neutral
pole of an approved power input plug. The green or
green/yellow ground lead of the input supply cord must
be connected to the protective ground (earth) contact of
the input plug.
Fuse Replacement
See "Maintaining Fuses in the BITE 2 Refer fuse replacement to qualified personnel only. To
and BITE 2P Transmitters" on page avoid electric shock and fire hazard, use only the fuse
78 for detailed instructions on fuse
replacement. specified (see Appendix B), which is identical with respect
to type, voltage rating, and current rating.
Cautions and Warnings

This manual provides cautions and warnings where
applicable, and these safety features should be strictly
observed.

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3
CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND
MENUS
Overview
This chapter explains the locations and functions of the

controls, connectors, indicators and menus for the
BITE 2/BITE 2P transmitter and receiver. The first section
covers the BITE 2 transmitter, the second covers the BITE
2P transmitter, and the third covers the receiver.

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BITE 2 Transmitter
Figure 3-1 shows a front view of the BITE 2 transmitter.

Over Voltage
Current Ready
Control Panel
Current On/Off Switch
Digital Meter
F1
J1
Power Switch
J2
J3
Receiver Charger On/Off Indicator
Receiver Charger On/Off Indicator
Figure 3-1: BITE 2 transmitter
Digital Meter—ac source current digital indicator with a

scale of 0 to 15 A.
Power Switch—The power switch is pressed to turn the

transmitter on and off. The power switch is marked with |
(for ON) and O (for OFF).
Current On/Off Switch—The current on/off switch is

pressed to start or stop the flow of the test current to the
battery.

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CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, INDICATORS AND MENUS
Receiver Charger On/Off Indicator—LED illuminates when

the receiver is plugged into the receiver and the charger is
energized. It also indicates the state-of-charge of the receiver
battery. While the battery is charging, the LED remains
constant; when the battery is fully charged, the LED blinks.
Indicator Lamps:
CURRENT READY—Illuminates after the coupling
capacitors in the transmitter are charged to the bus
voltage. A delay timer allows current flow to the
battery under test.
POWER—Illuminates whenever the Power Switch is in

the | (ON) position and the unit is powered by 120 V
(230 V) ac line voltage
OVER VOLTAGE—Indicates that the voltage across the

current source leads is greater than 275 V dc. (The
READY light will go out and the current flow to the
battery will stop when an over-voltage condition
occurs.)
Transmitter
Connector Panel
Power module—The transmitter power module comprises

the following components:
J1 receptacle—The standard power cord supplied with

the instrument is inserted into this 120 V/60 Hz (230
V/50 Hz) receptacle for ac power.
F1 Fuse carrier/voltage selector—The fuse carrier is

removed as needed to replace fuses. The arrow located on
the connector panel directly to the left of the J1 receptacle
should point to the indicator on the fuse carrier that
corresponds to the proper voltage (120 V or 230 V). See
Figure 3-3.
J2 connector—The transmitter current source leads are

connected from this connector to the battery under test.
J3 connector—The receiver battery is charged from this

connector to J3 on the receiver to charge its battery.

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BITE 2P Transmitter
Figure 3-2 shows a front view of the BITE 2P transmitter.
Control Panel
Over Voltage Digital
Current Ready
Meter
J3
J2
Printer F1
Power
Module
Storage
Bin J1
Power
Switch
J4
Current On/Off Switch

Receiver Charger
Figure 3-2: BITE 2P transmitter
Digital Meter—ac source current indicator with a scale of 0

to 15 A.
Power Switch—The power switch is pressed to turn the

transmitter on and off. The power switch is marked with a |
(for ON) and an O (for OFF).
Current On/Off Switch—The current on/off switch is

pressed to start or stop the flow of the test current to the
battery.

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Indicator Lamps:
RECEIVER CHARGER ON/OFF—Illuminates when the

receiver is plugged into J4 and the receiver charger is
energized. It also indicates the state-of-charge of the receiver
battery.
CURRENT READY—Illuminates after the coupling capacitors

in the transmitter have been charged to the bus voltage. A
delay timer allows current flow to the battery under test.
OVER VOLTAGE—Indicates that the voltage across the

current source leads is greater than 275 V dc. (When an
over-voltage condition occurs, the CURRENT READY light will
go out and the current will stop being applied to the battery.)
J1 receptacle—The standard power cord supplied with the

instrument is inserted into this 120 V (230 V) receptacle for ac
power.
F1 Fuse carrier/voltage selector—The fuse carrier is

removed as needed to replace fuses.
To change selected voltage: open fuse cover, using small blade
screwdriver or similar tool. Pull voltage selector card straight
out of housing, using indicator pin. Orient indicator pin to
point up when desired voltage is readable at bottom. Insert
Note: Use only the 120V or voltage selector card into housing with printed side of card
240V setting. The 100V and
facing forward toward IEC connector and edge containing the
230V will blow fuses.
desired voltage first. Replace cover, and verify that indicator
pin shows the desired voltage.
Figure 3-3: Voltage Selector Card Orientation
J2 connector—The transmitter current source leads are

connected from this connector to the battery under test.
J3 connector—The printer cable from the receiver is

connected to print test data.
J4 connector—The receiver battery is charged from the on

the BITE 2P transmitter when the J4 connector on the
transmitter is connected to the J3 connector on the receiver.
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Receiver
The receiver is a universal device that can be used with the

entire BITE product family. Figure 3-4 shows a front view of
the receiver.
LCD POWER ON
Switch
UP and
DOWN
ARROW
Keys
ENTER Key
3-Pin
Connector TRIGGER
Potential
4-Pin Probe
Connector
7-Pin
Connector
Figure 3-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators
POWER ON switch—The POWER ON switch is pressed to

power on the receiver. However, it is important to note that
this switch does not power off the receiver. You must choose
POWER DOWN from Menu 1.
LCD—The graphics-type LCD displays menu choices and
receiver-related information. (See the following subsection,
“Receiver Keys,” for information about keys associated with
the screen.)
Potential probe—The potential probe is used in conjunction

with the receiver to take cell impedance, voltage, and strap
resistance measurements.
Trigger—The trigger is pulled to perform functions on the

receiver, including entering test information.

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7-pin connector—The 7-pin connector is used to insert one

of the following: RS-232 communication cable, bar-code wand
(optional), potential probe or printer.
4-pin connector—The 4-pin connector is used to connect the

current sensor (CT).
3-pin connector—The 3-pin connector is used to connect the

battery charger.
Buzzer—The buzzer prompts the user to input data. It also

sounds under certain error conditions.
Receiver Keys
There are three keys located on the receiver that are used to
operate the receiver and to navigate through the menus and
displays on the LCD screen:
The UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys are

used to select information displayed next to
these keys on the screen. These keys are also
used to scroll up and down through receiver
screens.
The ENTER key is used to access receiver

menus, which are shown in Figure 3-6
through Figure 3-7.

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Test Menu Structure
Megger
COPYRIGHT 2000
RELEASE 2.0
Figure 3-5: Flowchart for Receiver menus

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Main Menu Structure
Figure 3-6: Flowchart for Receiver menus (cont'd)

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Print Menu Structure
Figure 3-7: Flowchart for Receiver menus (cont’d)
Example of How to Use

the Receiver Keys
1. Suppose that the following Menu is displayed on the

screen as shown in Figure 3-6.
2. To select EXPORT DATA, press .
3. However, to move from menu to menu, press .

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Y TEST COMPLETE
N (Y/N)? MENU
Figure 3-8: Receiver menu

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Receiver Reset
Switch
The RESET switch (see Figure 3-9), located on the receiver

back panel, is only for Megger authorized calibration and
repair. Activating the RESET switch de-energizes the
receiver. Never use the RESET switch. It will result in
permanent loss of data and loss of calibration.
RESET Switch
Figure 3-9: Receiver RESET switch

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4
STANDARD TEST PROCEDURE
Overview
The testing procedure explained in this chapter represents a
generic application of the BITE 2/2P. Actual test scenarios
may differ with each application. Contact Megger if you need
additional information about a specific test procedure.
NOTE: Before performing tests on any battery system, read,

understand, and observe all safety precautions as outlined in
Chapter 2 “Safety”, which starts on page 9 of this manual.
The BITE 2/2P is used to test battery strings while the dc

system is at float potential. It can store up to 2040 cell/jar
records in up to 300 tests. The transmitter can provide test
current for battery strings of up to 275 V dc.
NOTE: If the battery under test is greater than 275 V dc, the
string must be tested in sections. Refer to "Sectioning a
Battery System" on page 49 for information on sectioning a
battery.
Using the BITE 2/2P to test a battery string involves the

following steps:
1. Perform pretest activities such as recording information

about the test site, visually inspecting the condition of the
battery, and recording the temperature.
2. Power on the receiver and follow menus.
3. Scan test information with the bar-code wand (optional).
4. Split the strap (if needed).

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5. Connect the BITE current source leads to the battery and

then power on the transmitter.
6. Measure the cell impedance, voltage, and strap resistance.
7. Perform post-test activities such as transferring data,

reviewing and deleting data, and powering down and
disconnecting the transmitter.
The detailed procedures needed to perform these steps are

explained in the following subsections.
WARNING
F Before attempting to use the BITE2 or 2P to perform a

test, be sure that you first read and understand the safety
requirements and operating procedures contained in this
manual. When using the BITE 2/2P, strictly observe all
safety precautions.
Operating Note
Do not perform a test while the battery is under a heavy

charge or discharge. If the battery under test has been
recently subjected to boost charging, a waiting period of 72
hours is recommended before performing an ac impedance
test or any other test. If the ac mains are out and the battery
is discharging to support the load, then unreliable impedance
measurements may be obtained. Relative impedance values
are affected by charge and discharge status, cell age, and
ambient temperature.

26
Step One: Prepare for Testing

Record information about the test site, visually inspect the
condition of the battery, and record the ambient temperature.
1. Record the installation date and the location and type of

cells being tested. You can record the information at the
battery test site on a data sheet or on the top of the paper
fed from the built-in printer or scanned into memory.
If the battery is to be measured while on standby, ensure

that the charger associated with the battery is supplying
normal float current and that the battery is not in a
discharged condition.
The best reproducible test information occurs when the

battery is operating at recommended float voltage. See
Operating Note on page 26.
2. Perform a visual check of all cells and connections.

For flooded cells, use a flashlight and mirror (if necessary)
and check for plate corrosion and other internal defects.
Record and correct all problems encountered before testing
impedance.
For VRLA cells, visually inspect for leaking or weeping

posts, bulging cells, terminal corrosion and general
installation condition. Record and correct all problems
encountered before testing impedance.
For NiCd cells, visually inspect each cell and intercell

connector for general condition. Check electrolyte levels.
Record and correct all problems encountered before testing
impedance.
NOTE: For valve-regulated Changes in cell temperature or ambient (room) temperature may
(sealed) cells, measure the affect cell impedance.
temperature of the negative
post of the cell. 3. Record the cell temperature.
4. Record the ambient temperature.
After you have successfully performed these pretest activities,

you are ready to power on the receiver. The following
subsection contains the appropriate procedures.

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Step Two: Powering-on the Receiver

After you successfully perform the pretest activities described
Step One, you are ready to power on the receiver.
LCD POWER ON
Switch
UP and
DOWN
ARROW
Keys
ENTER Key
3-Pin
Connector TRIGGER
Potential
4-Pin Probe
Connector
7-Pin
Connector
Figure 4-1: Receiver controls, connectors and indicators
1. Make sure the receiver charger is disconnected from the

receiver.
NOTE: Do not use the receiver to perform tests while the

charger is connected to the receiver.
2. Connect the potential probe cable assembly to the 7-pin

connector on the receiver.
3. Press the POWER ON switch on the receiver.
The receiver powers on and displays several initialization

screens.

28
POWER ON
Check for connected cables

RS232 None Wand
Megger
COPYRIGHT 2000
RELEASE 2.0
Figure 4-2: Initialization screens
NOTE: If the receiver is not sufficiently charged, a low battery

message is displayed to alert you. You can work for a short time
on a low battery; however, you should charge the receiver as soon
as possible to ensure that your work is not disrupted because of
low battery power.
NOTE: If the available memory in the receiver is low (that is, if

there is not much space left to store test information), a message
is displayed to alert you. In this case, prior to testing you may
want to export previous test results to a PC and then delete all or
some of those test results from the receiver. Doing so will make
more memory available for the test you are about to perform.
After initializing, the receiver displays a screen that prompts

you to decide whether you want to scan bar-coded
information related to the test. The following subsection
contains the appropriate procedures.

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Step Three: Scanning Test Information with the Wand (Optional)

Refer to page 89 for additional After initialization, the screen on the receiver prompts you to
information about bar coding. decide whether you want to scan the test location ID, ambient
temperature, and pilot cell temperature using preprinted bar
codes provided by Megger.
Y WAND (Y/N)?
N MENU
If you connect the wand before If you choose to use the wand, the scanned information is
powering on the receiver, the stored in the receiver along with the results of the test. It is
receiver automatically prompts
you to scan the location ID. important to note that the wand is optional and, although it
provides a quick and convenient way of recording information,
it is not needed to perform a test.
If You Do Not Want

to Scan Information
Using the Wand
If you do not have a wand or you do not want to scan

information about this test, press on the receiver. The
key corresponds to the N (for NO) and instructs the receiver
to bypass the scanning procedures.
The receiver then prompts you to decide whether you want to

split the strap. Proceed to Step Five: Splitting the Strap on
page 33.
If You Want to Scan

Information Using
the Wand
If you have a wand and you want to scan information about

this test:
The UP ARROW key 1. Press on the receiver.

corresponds to the Y (for yes).
The receiver prompts you to connect the wand.
CONNECT WAND!

30
2. Using the wand adapter cable, insert the wand into the
7-pin connector on the receiver. (See Figure 4-1 on
page 28 for the location of the 7-pin connector.)
The receiver prompts you to begin scanning the test

information. For information on creating bar-code labels,
refer to the documentation provided with the wand.
Figure 4-3: Scanning test information
If these indications do not 3. Scan the location ID. Then scan Enter. The receiver
occur, the receiver has not buzzer should sound and the wand LED should light each
saved the information.
time you scan information with the wand.
4. Scan the ambient temperature. Then scan Enter.
5. Scan the pilot cell temperature. Then scan Enter.
You are finished scanning information. The receiver prompts

you to disconnect the wand.
DISCONNECT WAND:
........WAITING........
6. Disconnect the wand from the 7-pin connector on the

receiver.
The receiver now prompts you to set baseline, warn and fail
values for the test.

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Step Four: Setting Baseline, Warning and Fail Values

The BITE 2/2P now lets you set baseline, warning and fail
impedance values when conducting a test. Then, after
displaying the cell or strap measurements, the BITE 2/2P
receiver screen will indicate PASS, FAIL or WARN and will
display the measured value as a percentage of the baseline
value.
After you finish wanding information, the receiver will display

the following menu:
Y ENTER BASELINE?
N (Y/N) MENU
If you do not want to set baseline, warn and fail values, press
(for NO). The receiver screen will ask whether you want to
split the strap. Go to "Step Five: Splitting the Strap below.
If you want to enter baseline, warn and fail values, press

(for YES).
BASE WARN FAIL

XX.XX XX% XX%
1. Use the to scroll through the digits until the desired

digit is displayed.
2. Press .
3. Repeat for each digit and the decimal point until the
desired baseline, warn and fail values are displayed.

32
Step Five: Splitting the Strap (if needed)

After the Wand Menu and Enter Baseline menu, the receiver
displays a screen that asks whether you want to split the
strap.
You need to split the strap if the strap you want to measure
consists of more cables or intercell connectors than the
diameter of the clamp-on current sensor (CT) can handle.
Y SPLIT STRAP
N (Y/N)? MENU
NOTE: Splitting a strap may not split the current equally. Verify
that the current is split fairly evenly between the straps. If the
current split is not even, then try to find another location where
the current is more evenly split.
If You Do Not Want

to Split the Strap
If you do not want to split the strap, simply press (for NO)
on the receiver, which instructs the receiver not to split the
strap.
You are prompted to connect the CT to the strap. Proceed to
“Step Six: Connecting the Receiver and the BITE 2 or BITE 2P
Transmitter to the Battery” on page 35.
If You Want to Split

the Strap
If you want to split the strap:
1. Press on the receiver to enter Y (for YES).
The receiver prompts you to enter a multiplier, which is a

numeric value that the receiver uses to determine the
measurement of the entire strap.
UP MULTIPLIER
DN >1_< ACCEPT

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For example, suppose that the strap you want to measure

consists of four cables, but you can get the standard CT
around only two of them. You would need to enter a multiplier
of 2.
The receiver would then multiply the reading you take by two
so that the proper test results are computed for all four
cables.
Pressing increases the 2. Press or to specify the correct multiplier.

multiplier. Pressing
decreases the multiplier.
3. When the multiplier you want to use is displayed, press

to accept the multiplier value.
Saving the settings saves the The receiver screen asks if you want to save settings
baseline, warn and fail values
and the multiplier. Y SAVE SETTING?
N (Y/N) MENU
Press (for YES) or for (NO). Proceed to Step Six.

34
Step Six: Connecting the Receiver and the BITE 2 or BITE 2P

Transmitter to the Battery
WARNING!
F To avoid electric shock, always wear rubber gloves when

making connection to battery systems. Voltages to
ground in excess of 270 V dc are possible.
1. The receiver screen prompts you to connect the CT.
CONNECT CT! XX.X

RIPPLE CURRENT
2. Connect the plug of the CT to the 4-pin connector on the

receiver. Figure 4-4 shows the location of the 4-pin
connector.
LCD POWER ON
Switch
UP and
DOWN
ARROW
Keys
ENTER Key
3-Pin
Connector TRIGGER
Potential
4-Pin Probe
Connector
7-Pin
Connector
Figure 4-4: Receiver controls, connectors, and indicators

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If you are splitting the strap, 3. Position the clamp-on end of the CT around a convenient
keep in mind the multiplier you intertier or intercell connection on the battery so that the
specified. When the CT is
connected, the receiver displays current you are going to measure will be within the loop
a measurement of the system created by the current source leads from the
ripple current. transmitter and the battery string.
NOTE: Loads, parallel strings, and charging equipment can

create parallel paths for the measurement current. Therefore,
place the standard 2 in. CT at a location that verifies the source
measurement current for the cells under test. Do not place the CT
around the current source lead. This may not represent the
current flowing through the battery string.
4. Pull the receiver trigger to advance the receiver and store

the ripple-current reading.
5. Next, the receiver screen prompts you to begin connecting

the BITE 2/2P transmitter to the battery.
CONNECT & POWER

TRANSMITTER: XX.X
Source leads from

To ac power transmitter connected
to terminal plate
Source leads from

transmitter connected
to terminal plate
Black Red
Figure 4-5: BITE 2/2P transmitter connected to the battery

36
Connecting the
BITE 2 or BITE 2P
Transmitter
1. Make sure that the transmitter power switch is in the O

(OFF) position.
See Figure 3-1 for the position 2. Insert the plug of the current source leads into the
of the J2 connector. transmitter connector marked J2. Then rotate the plug
collar clockwise to tighten it.
Be sure to make the 3. Connect the current source leads to the end positive and
connections to the battery negative terminal plates of the battery.
terminal plate and not to
intercell connection hardware.
CAUTION
You can use the BITE 2 transmitter to provide test current for
G measurements on each cell/module for a battery string of up

to 275 V dc. If the battery under test exceeds this limit, section
the battery into portions that are less than 275 V dc. For
information on sectioning a battery, refer to "Sectioning a
Battery System" on page 49.
4. Insert the power cord into the J1 power receptacle on the

transmitter. Then plug the power cord into a 120 V
(230 V) outlet, as appropriate.
. 5. Power on the transmitter by pressing the power switch to

the | (ON) position.
BITE 2: The transmitter 6. Press the current On/Off switch to energize the current
CURRENT READY lamp source. There is a delay while the coupling capacitors are
illuminates when the unit is
operating and applying current. charged to the bus voltage. Then the CURRENT READY
lamp lights.
BITE 2P: The transmitter
Power LED illuminates when
the unit is on.
7. Observe the current reading displayed on the receiver

screen.
8. Pull the receiver trigger to advance the receiver and

store the source current reading.

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The receiver displays the first test screen, which prompts you
to measure the first cell. Proceed to “Step Seven: Measuring
the Cell and the Strap.”
Operating Note
If there are less than 3 A flowing within the string of cells

selected, the receiver displays a message indicating low
current (Lo_A). This ensures proper current magnitude for
accurate measurement since the total current includes both
current from the BITE 2/2P and any ac ripple current
produced by the battery charger. If significant ripple current
is present and out of phase with the applied source current, a
low current condition may occur. If this happens, first turn off
the BITE 2/2P transmitter, then reverse the polarity of the
current source leads to bring the two currents in phase. For
the majority of applications, this will not present any
difficulty. (Refer to Chapter 5 for more information.)
Step Seven: Measuring the Cell and the Strap
G
CAUTION
Do not exceed 25 V dc, the maximum voltage allowed

between the receiver and the potential probe.
After the transmitter is connected to the battery and is

powered on, the receiver displays the first test screen.
CELL VOLTS mΩ
001 XX.XX XX.XX
T01
The digits displayed in the upper left corner of the screen

(001) indicate that you are ready to test the first cell. The
digits in the lower left corner indicate the number of the active
test (for example, T01 for test one, T02 for test two, and so
on).
To begin testing the first cell in the string:
The twisting action of the probe 1. Position the receiver on the positive terminal and the
tips as the handle is pushed potential probe on the negative terminal of the cell/jar,
down cleans the point of
contact and provides a better and then press down.
test connection. See Figure 4-6.

38
NOTE: The reason the receiver should be positioned on the

positive terminal is to obtain a positive float voltage of the cell.
Then a cell that has gone into “cell reversal” becomes very
evident when it displays a negative float voltage.
Current Source Lead

from Transmitter
Current Source Lead connected to positive
from Transmitter terminal plate
connected to negative
terminal plate
Black Red
Figure 4-6: Receiver and potential probe positioned

on top of battery cell terminals
2. View the cell terminal voltage and ac impedance values

that are displayed on the receiver screen.
A sample screen is shown below.
CELL VOLTS mΩ
001 13.43 23.33

T01
The measurements are stored 3. When the voltage and impedance values displayed on the
in the receiver. screen stabilize, pull the trigger on the receiver to store
the reading.
If you have entered baseline, warn and fail values, the

screen will display either PASS, WARN or FAIL and a
percentage of baseline.
001
T01 PASS XX%

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If you do not want to test the The receiver LCD now displays the word STRAP, which
strap, pull the trigger and go prompts you to test the strap that is associated with the
directly to Step Eight.
cell you just tested.
CELL VOLTS mΩ
001 13.43 23.33
T01 STRAP 0.112
4. Position the receiver and potential probe on top of the

battery strap terminals, and then press the probes down.
See the sample placement shown in Figure 4-7.
Current Source Current Source

Lead from Lead from
Transmitter Transmitter
connected to connected to
terminal negative terminal positive
plate plate
Black Red
Figure 4-7: Receiver and potential probe positioned

on top of battery strap terminals

40
5. When the strap value displayed on the screen stabilizes,

pull the trigger on the receiver to store the reading.
The measurements are stored in the receiver.
The receiver now displays the digits 002 in the top left corner
of the test screen. This means that you are ready to test
cell #2.
If you are testing a sectioned 6. Continue to measure the other cells and straps in the
battery string and want to test string.
the next section, refer to the
following subsection,
7. After the last cell, the receiver expects a strap result.
“Measuring the Next Section of
a Sectioned Battery String,” for Short the receiver and potential probe together and pull
the appropriate procedures. the trigger. This saves the last cell’s data or else it will be
lost.
8. When you are finished measuring all the cells and straps,
press on the receiver to complete the test.
The receiver prompts you to confirm that the test is complete.
Y TEST COMPLETE
N (Y/N)? MENU
Review the test information that 9. Press on the receiver to enter Y (for YES).
is stored in the receiver. You
can scroll through the results The receiver prompts you again to confirm that the test is
and, if needed, retest individual
cells and straps. Refer to complete.
"Reviewing a Test” on page
43.
Y ARE YOU SURE

N (Y/N)? MENU
The receiver displays a screen to indicate that the test is

complete.
DONE!
For instructions on what to do following the test, see "Step

Eight: What to Do When the Test Is Complete” on page 43.

41
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Measuring the Next

Section of a
Sectioned Battery
String
If you have finished testing the first section of a sectioned

battery string and want to measure the next section:
1. Press the Current ON/OFF switch on the BITE 2/2P

transmitter.
This blocks the current from being applied to the battery

while the transmitter powers down.
2. Connect the current source leads to the next battery

section.
NOTE: If you are interrupted and need to leave the site

unexpectedly, simply shut down the receiver and transmitter.
The receiver will “remember” where you left off when you
return to finish the test.
WARNING
Do not remove the BITE 2/2P transmitter current source
F leads from the battery until the BITE 2/2P transmitter is

powered off. Always disconnect the current source leads
from the battery before removing them from the J2
connector on the transmitter. Do not leave the BITE 2/2P
connected to the battery when not in use.
3. Press the Current On/Off switch on the BITE 2/2P

transmitter.
After the CURRENT READY light illuminates, the current is
applied to the battery and you can continue testing.
Test the section. Repeat the procedure as needed, depending

on the number of sections in the battery string.

42
Step Eight: What to Do When the Test Is Complete

You can perform the following operations after a test is
complete:
1. Export test results to a PC. You can then use the PC to

view or print the test results. (Refer to Chapter 6.)
2. Print test results on the BITE 2P transmitter printer.
3. Delete the test information from the receiver.
4. Start a new test. (Return to "Step One: Prepare for

Testing" page 27.)
5. Power down and disconnect the transmitter. You will

need to do this if you are finished using the BITE 2/2P
for this testing session. (See "Powering Down and
Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P" on page 45).
Reviewing a Test
At any time while you are performing a test, you can review
the results of the active test that are already stored in the
receiver.
1. To review the current test, press on the receiver to

scroll back through the active test screens.
2. Press to scroll forward through the active test screens.
You may print the active test results on the BITE 2P

transmitter printer for review. Please note that there are no
statistics or bar graphs printed for the active test. See
"Printing an Active Test to Review the Data (BITE 2P)" on
page 44.

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Retesting Cells and

Straps
You cannot review a test after it If needed, you can retest any of the cells or straps in the
has been completed. (Refer to current test.
"Step Seven: Measuring the Cell
and the Strap," #'s 6,7, and 8,
1. Navigate through the test screens until information about
for a description of completing a
test.) the cell or strap you want to retest is displayed.
2. Pull the trigger.

The receiver enters into test mode.
001 XX.XX XX.XX

T01
3. Position the receiver and potential probe on top of the

battery cell terminals, and then press down.
4. When the voltage and impedance values displayed on the

LCD stabilize, pull the trigger to store the readings.
See the sample placement 5. When the strap values displayed on the screen stabilize,
shown in Figure 4-7 on page 40. pull the trigger to store the reading.
NOTE: Both measurements must be taken.
6. To return to testing, scroll forward to the next cell.
7. To retest another cell/strap, repeat steps 1-5.
Printing an Active
Test to Review the
Data (BITE 2P)
To print the test data of the string for which you are taking
measurements, disconnect the potential probe and connect
the printer cable to J3. The LCD will display the following
screen.

44
(EXPORT DATA)
Y TRANSMIT DATA
N (Y/N?) MENU
1. Press for TRANSMIT. The screen will display the

following screen.
EBITE/PC
PRINTER MENU
2. Press for PRINTER then SELECT. You will be

prompted to enter the test number. During printing the
following screen will appear:
ALLTESTS
SELECT
3. Press until the active test number is displayed. In this

example, six is the active test.
TEST 001 OF 006

O = CANCEL ACCEPT
4. Reconnect the potential probe to resume testing. The

measurement screen is displayed again.
Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P

Before you power down and disconnect the BITE 2/2P
transmitter, first power down and disconnect the receiver.
Then power down and disconnect the transmitter. Carefully
follow these steps:
1. To power down the receiver, press the key on the

receiver until the LCD displays the following:
POWER DOWN
EXPORT DATA MENU

45
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2. Press on the receiver to choose POWER DOWN.
The receiver prompts you to confirm your decision.
Y ARE YOU SURE?

N (Y/N)? MENU
3. Press on the receiver to enter Y (YES). The receiver

powers down.
4. Disconnect the CT from the battery and the receiver.

You can now power down the transmitter.
5. To power down the BITE 2/2P transmitter, press the

Current ON/OFF switch to disconnect the current
source. Then press the transmitter power switch to the
O (OFF) position.
WARNING
F
leads from the battery until the BITE 2/2P transmitter is
powered down. Always disconnect the current source
leads from the battery before removing them from the J2
connector on the transmitter.
6. Remove the current source leads from the battery.
7. Remove the current source leads from the J2 connector

on the transmitter.
Remember to recharge the 8. Unplug the power cable and then disconnect it from the
receiver battery. Refer to J1 receptacle on the transmitter.
"Charging the Receiver" on page
74 for detailed procedures.
G
CAUTION
Do not leave the BITE 2/2P connected to the battery when

not in use.

46
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5
MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL
CONDITIONS
Overview
This chapter explains how to perform alternative test
procedures, including reversing the current source leads
and sectioning battery systems to correct high or low current
situations.
This chapter also describes optional equipment that can be
used with the BITE 2 and BITE 2P test instruments.
Reversing the Current Source Leads

If the transmitter displays a high or low current message,
you need to modify the test procedure. See the following
subsections for alternative test procedures.
Figure 5-1 shows a battery system with a single string of

cells. If a high or low current message is displayed on the
receiver after you connect the current source leads to a
similar battery configuration, try reversing the polarity of the
current source leads. Doing so shifts the test current by 180
degrees and offsets the effect of the system ripple current in
the receiver. This helps ensure sufficient test current in the
section of the battery string to enable computation of cell
impedance or strap resistance.

47
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J2
From transmitter
(current source
leads)
Figure 5-1: Reversing the current source leads on a single string of cells
when a high or low current message is displayed.
Verifying the Source Current

A low current indication on the transmitter’s analog or
digital meter can be caused by high resistance in the cell
string. To verify whether the magnitude of the source current
is within the required limits (3-15 A):
This temporarily “disconnects” 1. Press the Current switch on the BITE 2/2P transmitter
the transmitter and blocks the to the ( (OFF) position.
current from going to the
battery.
2. Disconnect the current source leads from the battery.
3. Connect the current source lead clips together and

restart current flow by pressing the BITE 2/2P
transmitter Current On/Off switch to the  (ON) position.
48
MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS
WARNING
F leads from the battery until the transmitter is powered

off. Always disconnect the current source leads from the
battery before removing them from the J2 connector on
the transmitter. Do not leave the BITE 2/2P connected to
the battery when not in use.
If the LCD displays "Lo_A", refer to page 88 under

"Maintenance and Troubleshooting."
The wire for the current source Section the battery system by connecting the current source
lead set extends from only one leads across individual sections of the string to isolate high-
side of each pair of jaws.
resistance or open cells and straps. (See "Sectioning a
Battery System” below for the correct procedures.)
Sectioning a Battery
System
To test certain battery systems with the BITE 2/2P, you must
measure individual sections, one at a time. Examples are
included in the following subsections.
System Greater than
275 Volts
The nonpolarized coupling capacitor in the BITE 2/2P

current source is limited to 275 V. This restricts the current
source applied across battery systems of 275 V dc and
higher.
If the battery system to be tested is greater than 275 V, you

must test the system in sections that are 275 V or less. It is
recommended that you section the battery in equally-sized
sections.
Figure 5-2 shows a 600 V dc UPS system in which the source

current leads are connected across a 200 V section of the
battery string.

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Not to
exceed
250 V dc
J2
From transmitter
(current source
leads)
Figure 5-2: Sectioning a battery system greater than 275 V
The potential between the current source leads (red at A

and black B) in Figure 5-1 cannot exceed 275 V. To section
the string:
1. Place the current source leads (at points A and B) in the

string so that the potential does not exceed 275 V.
2. Test the cells located between connections A and B.
3. When you are finished testing the cells, press the Current
switch on the transmitter to the O (OFF) position.
NOTE: If you have to move the transmitter to test the next

section, you may need to power down and disconnect the
transmitter. (See "Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE
2/2P" on page 45.)
4. Remove the current source leads from the battery. Then

move them to the next section to be tested (not to exceed
275 V).

50
WARNING
F leads from the battery until the BITE 2/2P transmitter

current is de-energized. Always disconnect the current
source leads from the battery before removing them
from the J2 connector on the transmitter. Do not leave
the BITE 2/2P connected to the battery when not in use.
5. Press the Current On/Off switch.

The current is applied to the battery and you can
continue testing.
6. Test the section.

Repeat the procedure, as needed, depending on the
number of sections in the battery string.
System with Parallel
Strings
Figure 5-3 shows how to start sectioning a battery system

with parallel strings of cells. To test this string, you must
section the system to supply the proper level of test current
needed to stimulate the cell impedance or strap resistance
measurements.
You may see other ripple current influences as noted in the
single string of cells (see Figure 5-1) and you may have to
interchange the polarity of the current source lead clips.
WARNING
F Do not remove the current source leads from the battery

until the transmitter is turned off. Always remove the
leads at the battery connection before removing them
from the J2 connection on the transmitter.

51
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125 V dc
40 V dc
section
(example)
J2
From transmitter
(current source leads)
Figure 5-3: Sectioning a parallel string of cells
Sectioning High-
Voltage UPS Batteries
Some UPS systems with voltages up to 600 V dc are designed

with parallel strings of cells. To test one of these systems,
positions the current source leads accordingly to satisfy
both the test current and the voltage limit of the BITE 2/2P.
Refer to the procedure explained in the preceding subsection,

"Sectioning a Battery System Greater than 275 Volts" In
addition consider the string impedance with reference to the
remaining parallel string influences. Ensure that the majority
of the current flows through the cells under test and not
through parallel influences. (See Figure 5-2)

52
Sectioning Noisy UPS

Systems
The BITE 2/2P source current may be affected by the noise

generated by the switching power supply or the inverter. In
this situation, test only a few cells at a time. See Figure 5-2
and refer to the procedure explained earlier in the
subsection, “Sectioning a Battery System Greater than 275
Volts."
An alternative, although not normally recommended, is to not

apply a test signal from the transmitter, but to use the noise
in the system to induce the signal that is measured.
Impedance will be calculated based on the current signal as
an artifact of the noisy charger/rectifier. The receiver will
not take measurements if the total current is less than 3 A or
more than 15 A to maintain data reliability.

53
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6
TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST
RESULTS
Overview
This chapter explains how to:
• Transfer test results from the receiver to a personal
computer (PC)
• Print test results from the receiver to the BITE 2P
transmitter
• Delete test results from the receiver
When a test is completed using the BITE 2/2P, the results are
automatically stored in the receiver.
If needed the test results can be exported to a personal
computer (PC) where it can then be viewed or printed.
If the PC has the appropriate software, the test information

can be imported into standard spreadsheet programs for
further analysis.
Test results can also be printed from the receiver to the

BITE 2P transmitter printer.
Test results that are no longer needed may also be deleted

from the receiver.
The following subsections contain the appropriate procedures.

55
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Exporting Test Results from the Receiver to a PC

NOTE: The device receiving the The results of a test can be exported from the receiver directly
data must be ready before to the PC.
transmitting the data.
1. Run the software on the PC that you are using to import

the data.
If needed, refer to the instruction manual that came

with the software. Megger has shipped with the BITE
2/2P a software program called AVO®Link. Please refer
to the Addendum to this manual for detailed
instructions on AVO®Link.
2. Press the receiver Power On switch to energize the

receiver.
If you insert the RS-232

communication cable into the
3. Press on the receiver to access Menu 1.
receiver before powering on
the receiver, the Transmit
Data Menu is automatically POWER DOWN
displayed in place of Menu 1. EXPORT DATA MENU
Y Transmit Data
N (Y/N) Menu
Press on the Receiver to

Y TRANSMIT DATA
select Y and skip steps 4 and
5 below.
N (Y/N) MENU

56
TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST RESULTS
Figure 6-1: Exporting data to a PC
If the RS-232 communication 4. Connect the plug of the RS-232 communication

cable is not connected, the cable/printer (Cat. No. 35340) to the 7-pin connector
receiver displays a message
instructing you to connect it. on the receiver. Then insert the pin end of the
communication cable into the com port on the PC.
5. Press on the receiver to select EXPORT DATA.
The receiver prompts you to select EBITE/PC or

printer.
EBITE/PC
PRINTER MENU
6. Press on the receiver to select PC.
A screen on the receiver tells you to wait as the test results

are transferred.
When the transfer is complete, the receiver prompts you to

choose POWER DOWN or EXPORT DATA.
POWER DOWN
EXPORT DATA MENU
7. Disconnect the RS-232 communication cable from both

the receiver and the PC.
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8. Turn off the power to the transmitter and receiver.

(See "Powering Down and Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P"
on page 45.
Printing Test Results in the BITE 2P Transmitter Printer

To print test results on the built-in printer of the BITE 2P
transmitter, connect the printer cable to the 7-pin connector on the
receiver and to J3 on the BITE 2P transmitter. Follow the menus
on the receiver to select the tests you wish to print.
Figure 6-2: Printing test results

58
TRANSFERRING, PRINTING, AND DELETING TEST RESULTS
Deleting Test Results from the Receiver

When the results of a test are no longer needed, they can be
deleted from the receiver by choosing DELETE DATA from
receiver Menu 2.
1. Press on the receiver to access receiver Menu 2.
RESUME TEST
DELETE DATA MENU
2. Press on the receiver to choose DELETE DATA.
You are prompted to select a test or all tests.

The receiver asks if you are sure you want to delete the data:
Y ARE YOU SURE?

N (Y/N) MENU
The test results are deleted and you are returned to Menu 1.

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Figure 6-3: Deleting test results from the Receiver

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7
INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
Overview
This chapter discusses various factors to consider when
interpreting results of tests obtained with the BITE 2/BITE 2P.
Megger maintains a database of impedance values. Megger
will provide approximate baseline values if specific information
is received from the user. The list of required information
needed from the user is found on our website,
www.megger.com.
Impedance measurements with the BITE 2/2P should be made

part of a battery maintenance program with readings taken
and recorded semiannually for flooded lead-acid and nickel-
cadmium cells and quarterly for VRLA.
Increases in impedance are caused by numerous factors.

Some of the failure modes that can be detected by impedance
are:
• plate sulphation
• dry-out
• soft shorts (dendritic shorts)
• hard shorts (due to sediment build-up or paste lumps)
• intercell and intertier connections (due to loose

hardware or corrosion)
• internal corrosion
However, there are other factors that can change the

impedance value of a cell. Impedance shifts can be caused by:

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• temperature
• state of charge
• load conditions
These conditions should be monitored and recorded before

making measurements. A large difference in the impedance of
an individual or group of cells indicates a potential problem
and warrants additional investigation.
Instantaneous Interpretation
The BITE 2/2P receiver has the ability to calculate
impedance variations based on a preset baseline or
benchmark value. On start-up (or after wanding) the
following screen will appear:
Y ENTER BASELINE?
N (Y/N) MENU
To enter a baseline or benchmark value, press to display

the following screen:
BASE WARN FAIL

XX.XX XX% XX%
Enter the value by using to enter 0-9 or decimal point.

Use to move to the next place.
To set the “Warning” level, enter a percent change using the

same technique. The default warning value is 20% variation.
The screen will display:
BASE WARN FAIL

20.25 25% XX%
Continue to the “Fail” level and follow the same steps. The
default fail value is 40% variation.

62
BASE WARN FAIL

20.25 25% 40%
After each cell/strap measurement, the receiver displays the

percent variation and the cell status. Also, the receiver will
remember the last values entered since they were saved when they
were entered.
Short-Term Interpretation
Impedance readings for individual cells can be used in the
short term to compare each cell with the average impedance
reading for the entire battery. Cells with the deviations listed
below require further investigation:
• Flooded lead-acid cells of more than 15% deviation

from the string average
• Valve-regulated, lead-acid cell of more than 35%

deviation from the string average
• Nickel-cadmium cells of more than 50% deviation from

the string average and may be exhibiting “memory.”
The deviations are shown in the bar graph accompanying the
printout of a closed test.
Additional investigation of cells exhibiting the above

deviations is recommended (cell temperature and specific
gravity, if appropriate) and perhaps a load cycle test. Megger
recommends that you perform a complete analysis before
replacing cells due solely to high or increasing impedance
values.
Long-Term Interpretation
Impedance readings for the entire battery can be used in the
long term to determine the need for replacement. Battery cell
impedance values should be recorded and compared to
previous readings to determine the position of the cell on the
curve of impedance versus cell life. Generally speaking, cells
with the following variations require immediate attention:

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• Flooded lead-acid cells having variations (from

baseline) greater than 20%
• Valve-regulated, lead-acid cell having variations greater

than 50%
• Nickel-cadmium cells having variations greater than

100%.
A sample curve for a generic valve-regulated, lead-acid cell

is shown in Figure 7-1. Curves may differ for other
manufacturers and battery chemistries, such as nickel-
cadmium.
Impedance vs. Expected Battery Life

VRLA Cells
The initial decrease in
impedance is due to the 60
completion of the formation

50
process, i.e., the conversion to
WEAK NORMAL
active plate material. 40
% Impedance Change from Baseline
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 80 100 120
60
-10
-20
ABNORMAL
-30
% of Expected Battery Life
Figure 7-1: Generic curve of impedance vs. cell life
Temperature Corrections
The internal impedance of a cell is inversely influenced by
temperature. In addition, the degree of influence depends on
battery type and length of exposure to the present ambient
temperature.
Flooded battery types have a significantly more thermal mass

and are slower to react to changing ambient temperatures
than VRLA cells. The actual internal cell temperature can be
measured by inserting a thermometer into the flooded cell via
a fill tube or vent cap to determine the temperature present
during impedance testing. Measure the temperature of VRLA
cells at the negative terminal.

64
NOTE: Please note the placements of HVAC systems as they can

have a significant effect on the temperatures of the cells in the
battery. For example, cell on the top tier of a three-tier rack may
have higher temperatures than the cells on the bottom tier.
NOTE: Middle cells in three-cell or four-cell trays of Valve-

regulated, lead-acid batteries may have a higher temperature due
to the inability to remove heat as well as the outside cells.
A suggested correction factor for impedance values of flooded

lead-acid cells is shown below:
Zb @ 77 ° F = 0.088 (Zm)
(T + 30) -0.520
Zb = corrected battery impedance to 77 ° F
Zm = measured impedance value
T = measured temperature value in °F
Contact Megger at Valve-regulated, lead-acid cells may differ among battery

610-676-8500. vendors and electrolyte types. Gel style cells have a different
temperature response curve than the starved-electrolyte
(AGM) types. If temperature correction is required, contact the
battery manufacturer for these data.

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8
SETTING OPTIONS
Overview
You can change This chapter explains how to set options that control the operation of
these default the BITE2/2P receiver.
options to optimize
the BITE 2 and BITE
The BITE 2/2P receiver is shipped with certain options set, including:
2P functions for your
use.
• Turning the backlight on and off so that the receiver screen
does or does not light up when the instrument is powered on
• Adjusting the screen contrast
• Selecting the language in which the receiver displays
information (English, Français, Deutsch, Español, Português)
• Setting the date and time
• Setting the line frequency to 50 or 60Hz

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Turning the Receiver Backlight ON and OFF

To turn the receiver backlight on and off so that the receiver
screen does or does not light when the instrument is powered
on:
1. Press to access the following receiver Menu.
BACKLIGHT
CONTRAST MENU
2. Press to select Backlighting.

You are prompted to turn the backlight on or off.
ON BACKLIGHT
OFF ON/OFF? MENU
3. Press to turn the backlight on. Or press to turn

the backlight off.
The receiver backlight is set as you specified.
Adjusting the Receiver Screen Contrast

To adjust the contrast of the receiver screen:
1. Press to access the receiver Menu 3.
BACKLIGHT
CONTRAST MENU
2. Press to select CONTRAST.

You are prompted to turn the contrast up or down.
UP CONTRAST
DN DONE

68
MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
3. Press to turn the contrast up. Or press to turn

the contrast down. Select DONE when the display is set as
desired.
Selecting the Receiver Language

The receiver is programmed to display information in a number
of languages. English is the default; however, you can easily select
another language.
1. Press to access the receiver Menu 4.
LANGUAGE
SETTIME MENU
2. Press to select LANGUAGE.
The first two language choices are displayed.
ENGLISH
FRANCAIS NEXT
Press or to select one of the languages displayed. Or

press to view additional available languages.
Once you make a selection, the receiver displays screen

information using the language you chose.
Setting the Receiver Clock

To set the date and time in the receiver clock:
1. Press to access the receiver Menu.
LANGUAGE
SETTIME MENU

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2. Press to select SET TIME.
The date and time as they are now set in the receiver
are displayed.
The BITE receiver uses a

global date format, DD- U DD-MMM-YYYY
MMM-YYYY, e.g. 10-OCT- D 15:30:00 SET
2000.
3. If you want to change the month, press until the

month is set correctly. Then press .
Pressing moves the cursor from the month field to

the day, year, hour, minutes, and seconds fields.
The BITE receiver uses 4. Set the day, year, hour, minutes, and seconds as
military time (that is, a 24- needed.
hour clock). For example,
3:15 p.m. would be
displayed as 15:15:00.
5. When you are finished setting the clock, press as

needed so that the minutes field is selected. Then press
again.
The receiver prompts you to save the new time and

date.
Y SAVE NEW
N TIME SETTING?
6. Press to enter Y (for YES).
The receiver clock is set.

70
Selecting the Line Frequency

The frequency setting in the receiver must be the same as the
line frequency at the outlet. To set the line frequency:
1. Press until the following screen appears.
2. Use to select the correct frequency.
3. Press MENU to exit the line frequency set-up.
* 60 Hz LINE FREQ
50 Hz MENU

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9
MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Overview
This chapter explains:
• How to maintain the BITE 2/2P so that it remains in
good operating condition
• How to interpret error messages
• What to do if repairs are needed
NOTE: Before performing maintenance on the BITE 2 or BITE

2P, please read, understand, and observe all safety precautions
as indicated in Chapter 2, “Safety”. Maintenance should be
performed only by qualified personnel familiar with the hazards
involved with line-operated test equipment.
WARNING
The BITE 2/2P transmitters contain large high-voltage

capacitors. During operation these capacitors could be
charged up to about 300 V dc. Normally these capacitors
F
are automatically discharged when the instrument is
switched off. However, under certain fault conditions,
these capacitors may be left charged. Always use a
voltmeter to check the state of the charge and wear
rubber gloves as necessary when touching the
capacitors and the circuits connected to them.

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Cleaning and Inspecting the BITE 2 and BITE 2P
F
WARNING
Always power off and disconnect the BITE 2/2P

transmitter before cleaning it.
Since the BITE 2/2P are used in corrosive environments, all

components and test leads should be cleaned periodically
(approximately every six months) with a mild detergent and a
soft cloth.
G
CAUTION
Do not immerse the any components of the BITE 2/2P in

water or allow moisture to enter the case.
Inspect measuring and current source leads for corrosion

and wear.
Charging the Receiver

The BITE receiver is powered by a 4.8 V rechargeable Ni-Cd
battery pack. The built-in Ni-Cd battery charger is designed
to recharge the battery pack in approximately one hour.
To recharge the receiver battery pack:
Refer to "Powering Down and 1. Turn off the receiver.

Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P" on
page 45.
2. Insert the ac power cord into the transmitter ac

receptacle at J1. Plug the power cord into an outlet.
Refer to Figure 3-1 and Figure 3- 3. Connect the charger 3-pin input connector to J4 on
2 for the location of the receiver the transmitter at the charger panel.
charger on the BITE 2 and BITE
2P transmitters.
Refer to Figure 4-4 on page 35 4. Connect the charger 3-pin output connector to the
for the location of the 3-PIN receiver 3-pin mating connector.
connector.

74
5. Press the Charger On/Off switch.
The yellow LED on the panel turns on to indicate that

charging is underway. The yellow light flashes when charging
is complete.
WARNING
F If the yellow light does not turn on after approximately 10

seconds, there may be a serious electrical problem that
should be addressed by qualified personnel.
NOTE: The receiver cannot be 6. Unplug the ac power cord from the outlet and
operated while it is being disconnect the charger from the receiver.
charged.
Replacing Batteries in the Receiver

There are two batteries in the receiver: a battery pack of four
1.2 V AA Ni-Cd batteries and an RTC battery.
Megger recommends that you use the exact type of batteries
for replacement since they match the corresponding charger
characteristics.
NOTE: All data will be lost when the RTC battery is replaced.
The receiver may have to be recalibrated, too.
To replace the receiver battery pack of four 1.2 V AA Ni-

Cd:
Refer to “Powering Down and 1. Turn off the receiver.

Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P”on
page 45.
2. Disconnect all cables from the receiver.
WARNING
F Be sure to power down the receiver and disconnect all

cables before disassembling the receiver to replace the
battery pack. Do not connect the charger to the receiver
while replacing batteries.
3. Lay the receiver on a flat surface with the display screen

face down. Using a Phillips head screwdriver, remove the
eight screws fastening the back cover and probe housing.

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4. Carefully remove the probe housing. Remove the back

cover.
G CAUTION
Do not disturb the wrist strap, trigger assembly, or wiring

harness.
5. Locate the battery pack at the base of the receiver.

Unplug the battery pack from the 5-PIN connector of the
receiver printed circuit board
Dispose of the Ni-Cd battery 6. Install the replacement battery pack (part number 30654).
pack in an environmentally safe
way. Be sure to align the replacement battery pack connector
with the keyed mating connector on the printed circuit
board.
7. Reassemble the receiver by placing the back cover over

the printed circuit board.Ensure that the two connector-
mounting plates are aligned with the channels inside the
back cover.
8. Snap the back cover into place, and then fasten it using
the six Phillips head screws.
9. Snap the probe housing into place, and then fasten it

using the two Phillips head screws.
F WARNING
Make sure that no wires are pinched when replacing

covers and housings!!!!!

76
System Battery
RTC Chip Battery
Figure 9-1: RTC battery "piggybacks" the system battery
. To replace the receiver RTC (Real-Time Clock) battery:
Refer to “Powering Down and 1. Turn off the receiver.

Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P”on
page 45.
2. Disconnect all cables from the receiver.
WARNING
F Be sure to power down the receiver and disconnect all

cables before disassembling the receiver to replace
batteries. Do not connect the charger to the receiver
while replacing batteries.
3. Lay the receiver on a flat surface with the display screen

face down. Using a Phillips head screwdriver, remove the
eight screws fastening the back cover and probe housing.
4. Carefully remove the probe housing. Remove the back

cover.
G
CAUTION
Do not disturb the wrist strap, trigger assembly, or wiring

harness.

77
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RTC battery is P/N 35569. 5. Locate the battery at the base of the receiver. Remove the
battery from the holder.
Dispose of the lithium battery in 6. Install the replacement battery (part number 35569).
an environmentally safe way.
Be sure to align the replacement battery polarity with the
mating battery holder.
7. Reassemble the receiver by placing the back cover over

the printed circuit board.
Ensure that the two connector-mounting plates are
aligned with the channels inside the back cover.
8. Snap the back cover into place, and then fasten it using
the six Phillips head screws.
9. Snap the probe housing into place, and then fasten it

using the two Phillips head screws.
F
WARNING
Make sure that no wires are pinched when replacing

covers and housings!!!!!
Maintaining the Receiver Charger in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P
NOTE: The charger in the BITE 2P transmitter does not have a

user-replaceable fuse. Please call Megger at 610-676-8500 (or
email to battery@megger.com) if there are problems with this
charger.
Maintaining Fuses in the BITE 2 and BITE 2P Transmitters

Both the BITE 2 and BITE 2P transmitters contain two
primary fuses and two secondary fuses.
The J1 ac receptacle on the transmitter contains the
following primary fuse configuration:

78
Refer to Figure 3-1 on page Catalog No. 246002B

Error! Bookmark not
defined. for the location of the Double Pole 2 AT, 250 V, 5 mm x 20 mm
BITE 2 transmitter primary fuse.
Catalog No. 246004
Double Pole 2 AT, 250 V, 5 mm x 20 mm.
The output of the transmitter is double pole fused with two

15 ATM, 600 V type fuses. These secondary fuses are
installed to protect the operator from possible shock and to
protect the BITE 2/2P circuitry in the event of catastrophic
component failure. The secondary fuses are mounted on the
bottom base panel internal to the BITE 2 transmitter as in
Figure 9-2. See Figure 9-3 for the BITE 2P configuration. The
fuses are coordinated for fast response to a dc inrush from
the battery under test.
WARNING
F Under no circumstances should any fuse be defeated or

replaced with another type of fuse. Replace with the fuse
types specified in Appendix B: Replaceable Parts List.
Verifying a
Transmitter Fuse
Problem
If you encounter a problem with the BITE 2 or BITE 2P

transmitter, check the primary and secondary fuses to see if
the problem is fuse related.
Identifying a Primary
Fuse Problem
To identify a primary fuse problem in the transmitter:
1. Remove the transmitter from the vicinity of the battery

room.

79
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2. Verify that the transmitter ac line voltage selector is set

for the correct ac line voltage (120 V or 230 V).
The arrow located on the connector panel directly to the

left of the J1 receptacle should point to the arrow on the
fuse carrier that corresponds to the proper voltage.
3. Insert the ac power cord into the J1 ac receptacle. Then

plug the power cord into the (120 V or 230 V) outlet.
4. Press the power switch to  (ON), and then the Current

On/Off switch.
5. The transmitter POWER light and Current On/Off switch

should illuminate followed by the CURRENT READY
indicator. If neither indication occurs, the primary fuse
may be bad. Refer to the appropriate subsection,
"Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2 Transmitter" on page 82 or
"Replacing Fuses in the BITE 2P Transmitter" on page 85.

80
Identifying a
Secondary Fuse
Problem
To identify a secondary fuse problem in the transmitter:

room.
2. Verify that the transmitter ac line voltage selector is set

for the correct ac line voltage (120 V or 230 V).
The arrow located on the connector panel directly to the

left of the J1 receptacle should point to the arrow on the
fuse carrier that corresponds to the proper voltage.
3. Insert the ac power cord into the J1 ac receptacle. Then

plug the power cord into the 120 V (230V) outlet.
4. Connect the current source leads to the J2 connector on

the transmitter connector panel. Then short (or clamp)
together the red and black clamps of the current source
leads.
5. Press the power switch to the  (ON) position to power on

the transmitter. Press the Current On/Off switch to
energize the current circuit.
The transmitter POWER light and the CURRENT READY

light should illuminate. Also, the digital meter should
indicate current.
If the displayed reading is 0, the 6. Observe the AC source current reading on analog or
transmitter secondary fuses digital meter. Current reading should be about 10 amps
may be bad. Refer to "Replacing
Fuses in the BITE 2 Transmitter" for 60 Hz or about 8 amps for 50 Hz.
on page 82, or "Replacing Fuses
in the BITE 2P Transmitter" on
page 85, as appropriate.

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Replacing Fuses in
the BITE 2
Transmitter
If you identify a fuse problem and suitably trained repair

personnel are available to perform the operation, refer to the
following subsections to replace primary and secondary
fuses.
Replacing the BITE 2

Transmitter Primary
Fuse
To replace the BITE 2 transmitter primary fuse:

room.
2. Press the transmitter power switch to the O (OFF)

position. Then disconnect the ac power cord from the ac
outlet.
3. Remove the current source leads from the battery under

test.
WARNING
F
Do not remove the BITE 2 transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the BITE 2 transmitter is
powered down. Always disconnect the current source
leads from the battery before removing them from the J2
connector on the transmitter.

on the transmitter.
5. Remove the fuse carrier from the power module on the

transmitter.
If the fuse is not bad, refer to 6. Remove the damaged fuse and replace with exact
"Identifying a Secondary Fuse replacement spares (not provided) as specified in Appendix
Problem" on page 81.
B: Replaceable Parts List. Verify with an ohmmeter that
the removed fuse is indeed bad.

82
7. Replace the fuse carrier in the power module on the

transmitter.
NOTE: An indicator pin is located on the fuse carrier to the

right of the J1 receptacle. Make sure that this indicator pin
points to the correct voltage (120 V or 230 V).
8. Test the transmitter as described under Verifying a

Transmitter Fuse Problem” on page 79.
If the instrument still does not respond correctly, return it

to Megger for service. Please refer to the repair section
later in this chapter.
Replacing the BITE 2

Transmitter
Secondary Fuses
Fuse Location
Figure 9-2: BITE 2 transmitter secondary fuses (front view)

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To replace the transmitter secondary fuses:

room.
2. Press the transmitter power switch to the O (OFF

position to power down the transmitter. Then remove all
cables from the J1 and J2 connectors.
WARNING
F
Do not remove the BITE 2 transmitter current source
leads from the battery until the transmitter is powered
down. Always disconnect the current source leads from
the battery before removing them from connector J2 on
the transmitter.
3. Remove the top panel screws.
4. Carefully lift the transmitter chassis out of the case.
5. Locate the two-pole fuse block on the front plate of the

transmitter chassis (see Figure 9-2 shown earlier in this
chapter). The fuses should be marked 15 ATM or 15 KLM.
6. Remove the fuses from the fuse block. Verify if one or both
fuses are bad.
7. If needed, replace the bad fuse(s) with the exact

replacement type as specified in Appendix B: Replaceable
Parts List.
8. Reassemble the transmitter by returning the chassis to

the case, inserting the top panel screws into the recessed
holes and tightening to 0.7 Newton-Meters. Do not over-
tighten because this will misalign required clearances for
mechanical operation. Then test the transmitter as
described earlier in "Verifying a Transmitter Fuse
9. Replace the top panel screws.

to Megger for service. Please refer to "If the BITE 2 or BITE
2P Needs Repairs" on page 88.

84
WARNING
F Under no circumstances should any fuse be defeated or

replaced with another type of fuse. Replace with the fuse
types specified in Appendix B: Replaceable Parts List.
Replacing Fuses in
the BITE 2P
Transmitter
If you identify a fuse problem and suitably trained repair

personnel are available to perform the operation, refer to the
following subsections to replace primary and secondary
fuses.
Replacing the BITE 2P

Transmitter Primary
Fuse
To replace the transmitter primary fuse:

room.

position. Then disconnect the ac power cord from the 120
V (230 V) ac outlet.
3. Remove the current source leads from the battery under

test.

on the transmitter.
5. Remove the fuse carrier from the power module on the

transmitter.
If the fuse is not bad, refer to 6. Remove the damaged fuse and replace with exact
"Identifying a Secondary Fuse replacement spares (provided) as specified in Appendix B:
Replaceable Parts List. Verify with an ohmmeter that the
removed fuse is indeed bad.

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7. Replace the fuse carrier in the power module on the

transmitter.
NOTE: An indicator pin is located on the fuse carrier to the

right of the J1 receptacle. Make sure that this indicator pin
points to the correct voltage (120 V or 230 V).
8. Test the transmitter as described earlier in the

subsection, “Verifying a Transmitter Fuse Problem.”
to Megger for service. Please refer to "If the BITE 2 or BITE
2P Needs Repairs" on page 88 for the necessary
information.
Replacing BITE 2P
Transmitter
Secondary Fuses
Fuse Location
Figure 9-3: BITE 2P transmitter secondary fuses (front view)
To replace the transmitter secondary fuses:

room.

position to power down the transmitter. Then remove all
cables from J1 and J2 connectors.

86
WARNING
G Do not remove the BITE 2P transmitter current source

leads from the battery until the transmitter is powered
down. Always disconnect the current source leads from
the battery before removing them from connector J2 on
the transmitter.
3. Remove the screws around the top panel of the

transmitter.
4. Carefully lift the transmitter chassis out of the case.
5. Locate the two-pole fuse block on the front plate of the

transmitter chassis (see Figure 9-2 shown earlier in this
chapter. The fuses should be marked 15 ATM or 15 KLM.
6. Remove the fuses from the fuse block. Verify if one or both
fuses are bad.
7. If needed, replace the bad fuse(s) with the exact

replacement type as specified in Appendix B: Replaceable
Parts List.
8. Reassemble the transmitter by returning the chassis to

the case; replace the screws around the top panel and
tightening to 0.7 Newton-Meters. Do not over-tighten
because this will misalign required clearances for
mechanical operation. Then test the transmitter as
described earlier under "Verifying a Transmitter Fuse

to Megger for service. Please refer to page 88 for the
necessary information.

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Interpreting Error Messages

Condition Display Explanation
Low Current Lo_A Receiver screen display for transmitter current

measurement (I < 3.0 A)
High Current Hi_A Receiver screen display for ripple and transmitter
current measurement (I > 15.0 A)
Over-range OVER Receiver screen display for dc terminal voltage,

impedance, and strap resistance
Low Battery LOW BATTERY Receiver screen display indicating low battery pack capacity
Over Voltage OVER The OVER VOLTAGE light illuminates when the
VOLTAGE voltage across which the current source leads are
lamp connected is greater than 275 Vdc. Section the
battery as described under Sectioning a Battery
System on page 49.
If the BITE 2 or BITE 2P Needs Repairs

Megger offers complete repair service and recommends that
its customers take advantage of this service in the event of
equipment malfunction. Please call 610-676-8500 and ask
for Customer Service to obtain an RA #, then ship to:
Megger
TEL: 610-676-8500
ATTN: Repair Department
Valley Forge Corporate Center
2621 Van Buren Avenue
Norristown, PA 19403 U.S.A.
It is best if you return the entire instrument, including leads,

to help us find the source of the problem. Many times the
problem appears to be the transmitter, but the problem is
eventually found to be in the receiver. Please indicate all
pertinent information, including problem symptoms and
attempted repairs. Equipment returned for repair must be
shipped prepaid and insured and marked for the attention of
the Repair Department.

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10
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
Available Options
To accommodate testing requirements of various battery
installation configurations, Megger offers the following
optional equipment for the BITE 2 and BITE 2P.
Current sensor—Miniature clamp-on CT with 0.5-in. (12-

mm) opening for use in small cabinets. This current sensor
has shrouded banana-jack connections and includes a 2.5 ft
(0.75 m) lead.
Current sensor—RopeCTTM: In some battery installations,

the buswork is too big for the standard 2 in. (50 mm) CT to
close. There are two lengths, 24 in. (60 cm) and 36 in. (90
cm) to make 8 in. (20 cm) and 12 in. (30 cm) diameter circles.
Because they are flexible, they can adapt to almost any
buswork configuration.
Bar code wand—for use with the receiver’s 7-pin connection

as a means of electronically scanning cell, location, and
operator identification. This option includes a wand and
prompt sheets with alphanumeric characters for scanning.
Windows®-based software for producing bar code labels using
a personal computer and printer is also available as a
separate option.
Extended source leads—30 and 40 ft (9 and 12 m).

Extension cable—20-ft (6 m) for clamp-on current sensor (CT).

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Probe Extensions—These are used to extend the length of

the receiver and potential probe to reach racked and
cabinetized batteries found primarily in UPS systems. The
basic kit includes two adapters, two 12-in. (30-cm)
extensions and three pairs of tips. The tip configurations are
straight, 90o bend and 180o bend. The tips are hardened
steel to break through oxide coatings easily.
Canvas carrying case—for the BITE 2 transmitter.
Digital Hydrometer—is designed to easily take specific

gravity readings and store them in up to eight tests and up to
1,024 readings.
Transit cases—heavy-duty cases to properly protect the

instruments during shipment.
Custom designed lead sets may also be possible if kept

within strict safety guidelines and within the operating
specifications of the instrument.
F
WARNING
Contact Megger for assistance before attempting to use

the BITE 2 or BITE 2P in a customized design.

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APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Application
The BITE 2/2P can test lead-acid and nickel-cadmium
cells of less than 7000 Ah capacity.
Tests on most battery systems require the standard

clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 2-inch opening.
Maximum total voltage at BITE2/2P transmitter current
source connections is 275 V dc (larger battery systems
can be sectioned to accommodate this specification).
Electrical
BITE 2 and BITE 2P

Transmitters
Supply Voltage:
IEC 1010-1 Class I, Installation category II
Cat Nos. 246002 & 246004: 100 to 240 V nominal,
(50/60 Hz). Do NOT exceed 264 V max.
Source Output Current:

IEC 1010-I Installation category I
10 A nominal, 50/60 Hz operation
Output:
6.50 V dc @ 1.10 A dc charging (max)
9.60 V dc open circuit
Maximum Battery Test Voltage:
275 V dc at transmitter source lead terminals

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Receiver
Precision:
ac impedance ± 0.3% one sigma
dc voltage ± 0.1% one sigma
Accuracy:
ac impedance ± (5% of rdg + 1 LSD)
dc voltage ± (1% of rdg + 1 LSD)
Resolution:
dc voltage
(0 to 2.5 V) 1 mV
(2.5 to 25 V) 10 mV
ac impedance
(0–1.000 m? ) 1 µΩ
(1-10.00 m? ) 10 µΩ
(10-100.0 m? ) 100 µΩ
Supply:
4.8 V dc, 800 mAh, quick-charge nickel-cadmium battery
pack
Battery Pack Life, Full Charge:

5 hours continuous
Maximum Voltage Between Potential Probes:

25V dc

92
Fuses
Function Location Type
Primary J1 Connector Panel T, 2 A, 250 V

Double Pole 5 mm x 20 mm
Secondary Internal XF1, XF2 ATM 15, 600 V

Double Pole 10.3 mm x 38.1 mm
Leads Source Leads ATM 15, 600 V

Double Pole 10.3 mm x 38.1 mm
Mechanical
Dimensions
BITE 2 14 x 10.5 x 6.5 in. (L x W x D)

Transmitter (36 x 27 x 16 cm)
Enclosure
BITE 2P 18.5 x 14.6 x 7.5 in. (L x W x D)

Transmitter (47 x 37 x 19 cm)
Enclosure
Receiver 7.25 x 11.25 x 2 in. (irregular shape)

Enclosure
BITE 2P instrument includes Weight (Total)

standard accessories.
BITE 2 Transmitter: 18 lb. (8.2 kg)
BITE 2P Transmitter Only 29 lb. (13 kg)

Receiver: 1.6 lb. (0.72 kg)
Receiver Display
Digital LCD meter, 5 x 7 dot matrix, 2-line z 16 character,
electroluminescent backlighting,
2.19 in. (55.7 mm) x 0.43 in. (11 mm) viewing area,
displays measured parameters in dark numbers on an
electroluminescent background. Contrast adjustable from
menu selection
Commercial temperature and humidity ranges for the

LCD will limit the useful measurement environment.

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Printer
BITE 2 None
BITE 2P The BITE 2P has a built-in printer with a
4.25 in. (110 mm) printing width. Thermal
paper for the printer, as currently stocked
by Megger, is listed in the Replaceable Parts
List, Appendix B.
Environmental
Operating temperature range: 32 to 105°F (0 to 40°C)
Storage temperature range: -5 to 130°F (-20 to 55°C)

Humidity: 20 to 90 % relative humidity, non-condensing

94
Accessories - Standard
• Current source leads (transmitter to battery): two 14
AWG standard copper leads with acid resistant insulation.
Wire rating 600 V dc
Length: 20 ft (3.0 m)
Termination 4-pin, shrouded

(transmitter):
Termination (battery): Bulldog-type Mueller clips
Fuse 15 ATM, 600 V (each conductor)

(Cat. No. 246003-47):
• Current sensor: clamp-on CT with 2-in (50.8 mm) opening.
CT ratio: 1000:1, 4% accuracy
Termination Nonmetallic push lock, 7 pin

(transmitter):
Termination (CT): Direct connection
• CT Extension cable: for clamp-on current sensor (CT).
Wire rating 300 V
Termination: Nonmetalic push lock 7 pin,

both ends
• Accessory bag: for receiver, charger and test leads. (BITE 2)

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• Communication cable: interconnects receiver to

transmitter or personal computer serial port.
Termination (receiver): Nonmetallic push lock 7-pin
Termination (computer): Receptacle 9-pin

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APPENDIX B: REPLACEABLE PARTS
Catalog Numbers 246002B and 246004

Replaceable Part – Standard Accessory Part Number
AC line cord, 8 ft (2.4 m) 17032-7
BITE 2 receiver 30620-3

BITE 2 transmitter 30044-600
BITE 2P transmitter 30044-100
Current source lead set, fused
10 ft (3 m) 246310
20 ft (6 m) 29386-2
Fuse, Current Source Lead, ATM 15, 600 V, 10.3 x 38.1 mm 29440-1
Primary fuse, 2 AT, 250 V, 2A 2567-27
Secondary fuses, 15 ATM, 60 V, 10.3 x 38.1 mm 29440-1
Spare battery pack (receiver), Ni-Cd, 800 mAh 30654
RTC battery 35569
ProActiv – Database Management Tool BI-90001

Instruction manual, BITE 2-2P AVTM246004
Canvas accessory bag (BITE 2) 29996

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Catalog Numbers 246002B and 246004

Replaceable Parts – Optional Accessories Part Number
Clamp-on current sensor, CT with 0.5 in (12.7 mm) opening,
2.5 ft (0.76 m) lead 246034
Current source lead set, fused

30 ft (9.1 m) 246330
40 ft (12.2 m) 246340
Extension cable for CT, 20 ft (6 m) 246005-8
Single contact probe cable 29435-2
Bar Code Wand Kit 246201
Bar code labeling software for WINDOWS 33506-2
Canvas carrying case, instrument 218746
Thermal printer paper 26999
How to Order Replaceable Parts for the BITE 2/2P
To order one or more replaceable parts for the BITE 2P,

call 1-610-676-8500. Ask for Customer Service.

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GLOSSARY
GF Use only in accordance with this Instruction Manual.
active test The measurements for the cells or battery string to which
the transmitter is currently connected
baseline A value established as a reference for measurement; a

benchmark.
BITE Battery Impedance Test Equipment
cell A receptacle containing electrodes and an electrolyte either

generating electricity by chemical action or for use in
electrolysis.
cell reversal A change in the normal polarity of a cell, typically

occurring during a deep discharge.
deviation The percentage by which the measured impedance of a

cell differs from the average impedance for the entire
battery string.
equivalent circuit An arrangement of circuit elements that has

characteristics, over a range of interest, electrically
equivalent to those of a different circuit or device (used for
convenience of analysis).
float A method of operation for storage batteries in which a

constant voltage is applied to the battery terminals
sufficient to maintain an approximately constant stage of
charge.
Hi_A Screen display for ripple and current measurement

(I > 15 A).
LCD Liquid Crystal Display.
Lo_A Screen display for BITE 2/2P current measurement

(I < 3.0 A).

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LOW BATTERY Receiver screen display indicating low battery-pack

capacity.
OVER VOLTAGE Overrange - screen display for dc terminal voltage,

impedance, and strap resistance.
RTC Real-Time Clock.
ripple The alternating component whose instantaneous current

values are the difference between the average and
instantaneous values of a pulsating unidirectional
current.
rms Root mean squared.
stationary battery A storage battery designed for service in a permanent

battery location.
sulfating Deposit formation of a white scale containing lead sulfate

(on the plates of a storage battery).
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply.
variation The percentage by which a value exceeds or falls short of

an established baseline or benchmark.

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INDEX
7 E
7-PIN connector, 21
ENTER key
receiver, 19
A
ac impedance F
measurement range, 4
Filtering, 4
Accessories, 4, 5
Fuses
active test, 38, 43, 99
in transmitter, 78
Analog Meter, 14
ARROW keys
receiver, 19 H
High Current, 99
B
Batteries I
receiver, 75 IEC-1010-1, 9
Battery charger Indicators, 13
7-PIN connector, 21 Interpreting test results
BITE 2 short-term interpretation, 63
accessories, 4 temperature corrections, 64
components, 4
BITE 2P L
accessories, 5
components, 5 Language
selecting for the receiver, 69
line frequency, 67, 71
C
LOW CURRENT, 99
Cell measurements, 38 Low memory message, 29
cell reversal, 99
Charger, battery M
7-PIN connector, 21
Clock Maintenance, 73
setting in the receiver, 69 Measurement range
Clock, setting, 69 ac impedance, 4
Communication cable dc voltage, 4
7-PIN connector, 21 Measuring
Connectors, 13 the cell, 38
Controls, 13 the strap, 38
Memory, low, 29
Menus, 13
D
Date O
setting in the receiver, 69
Disconnecting the BITE 2/2P, 45 Options
setting in the receiver, 67
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P Sectioning a battery, 49
with parallel strings, 51
Performing tests, 25 Splitting the strap, 33
splitting the strap, 33 Strap
taking measurements, 38 splitting, 33
Power source taking measurements, 38
required connection, 11
power switch, 9
T
Power switch
receiver, 18 Temperature
transmitter, 15 corrections, 64
Powering down the BITE 2/2P, 45 Test procedures, 25
Time
R setting in the receiver, 69
Transmitter
Ready indicator, 15 powering down, 45
Receiver
options, 67
V
powering down, 45
selecting the language, 69 Voltage Selection, 17
setting the clock, 69
Replacing batteries W
receiver, 75
Wand
7-PIN connector, 21
S
S1 power switch, 15
Safety requirements, 9

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ADDENDUM
AVOLink
Data Management Software
for
BITE 2/ 2P • EBITE • MBITE

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AVOLink
for BITE 2 and BITE 2P• EBITE • MBITE
Instructions

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Copyright  2003 Megger. All rights reserved.
The information presented in this manual is believed to be adequate for the intended use of the
product. If the product or its individual instruments are used for purposes other than those specified
herein, confirmation of their validity and suitability must be obtained from Megger. Refer to the
warranty information included at the end of this instruction manual. Specifications are subject to
change without notice.
IWARRANTY
Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of
one year following shipment. Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option,
defective equipment. Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be shipped prepaid and insured.
This warranty does not include batteries, lamps, or other expendable items, where the original
manufacturer's warranty shall apply. We make no other warranty. The warranty is void in the event of
abuse (failure to follow recommended operating procedures) or failure by the customer to perform
specific maintenance as indicated in this manual.
M
2621 Van Buren Ave
610-676-8500 (Telephone)
610-676-8610 (Fax)
www.megger.com
email: battery@megger.com

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ICONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................... 109
About AVOLINK….............................................................................................................................................. 109
System Requirements for PC ................................................................................................................................ 110
INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................................................. 111
Using Avolink with the BITE.............................................................................................................................................. 119
Connecting the BITE to the PC........................................................................................................................... 119
Starting AVOLINK................................................................................................................................................ 119
The AVOLINK Window .......................................................................................................................................120
Transferring the BITE Test Data........................................................................................................................................ 121
Prepare the PC For Data Transfer........................................................................................................................123
Transfer Data............................................................................................................................................................124
Disconnect the BITE from the PC.......................................................................................................................127
Viewing and Printing Test Data ........................................................................................................................... 128
Communications Functions ................................................................................................................................................. 131
Setup Serial Port...................................................................................................................................................... 132
Test Communications ............................................................................................................................................ 135
Printer Setup ............................................................................................................................................................ 136
AVOCOM 32 .......................................................................................................................................................... 136

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INTRODUCTION
About AVOLINK…
AVOLINK is Megger's software program for use with:
• BITE 2, EBITE and MBITE (battery impedance testers)

• Three-Phase TTR (transformer turn ratio test set)
• DART Cable Fault Analysis System
NOTE: This manual refers to any one of the above as a remote

device and refers to the three battery impedance testers as the
BITE.
AVOLINK allows you to transfer test data from the remote

device to a personal computer (PC). You can save test data
from the remote device and view it on the PC in a viewing
format appropriate for the data. With AVOLINK, you can
transfer DART wave forms to a PC and save them for future
use.
AVOLINK software consists of two programs—AVOLINK, which

provides the interface to the remote device, and AVOCOM32,
which provides the communication to the remote device.
AVOLINK takes care of starting and terminating AVOCOM32.
Your AVOLINK installation diskettes or CD will install both
AVOLINK and AVOCOM32. For additional information, see
"AVOCOM 32" on page 136.
A null-modem serial cable connects the remote device to the

PC. The remote device and the PC must operate with the same
communication parameters.

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System Requirements for PC
Operating system: Windows NT 3.1 or later; Windows 95 or later
Processor: 80386 or higher
Monitor resolution: VGA or higher
Display properties: 600 x 800 and small fonts
RAM: 16 M
Communications port: 9600 baud or better
Storage: A 3½-inch inch floppy disk drive or CD-ROM

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INSTALLATION
The AVOLINK software installation is typical of Windows
programs.
1. Close all open programs. If your virus protection program

is running, disable it.
2. Insert the the AVOLINK CD in your CD-ROM drive

(usually D:), or insert the AVOLINK #1 diskette in your
diskette drive (A: or B:).
3. AVO Link Setup should automatically run and take you to

the Welcome screen. If so, go to step 5. If not, continue
with step 4.
4. Double-click the My Computer icon on the Windows

desktop to display the My Computer menu. Double-click
Control Panel.
My Computer Menu
NOTE: Screens may be different depending on operating system.

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5. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
Select Add/Remove Programs
6. In the Add/Remove Programs Properties box, click Install.
Click Install
Add/Remove Programs Properties
7. Click Next, then Finish to begin installation.

112
INSTALLATION
Install Program from Floppy Disk or CD-ROM
Run the Installation Program
8. The first screen reminds you to close all open programs if

you have not yet closed them. Click Next to continue.

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Welcome Screen
9. The software license agreement displays. Click Yes to

continue.
Software License Agreement
10. A disclaimer displays. Click Yes to continue with

installation.
114
INSTALLATION
Disclaimer
11. The next dialog box asks you to choose the destination
location—the directory where the program will reside. We
recommend that you accept the default location by clicking
Next. (If you must choose a different directory, click on
Browse and select the desired location.)
Default
location
Choose Destination Location
12. Select the AVOLINK program folder by clicking Next.

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Select Program Folder
13. The program begins to copy files, as indicated by the

progress bars.
Copying Files
14. If you are installing with diskettes, you will be prompted to

insert the next floppy disk. When all files are copied, a
dialog box will state that the setup is complete. Click
Finish to exit Setup.
116
INSTALLATION
Setup Complete
15. Remove the diskette (or CD) from your diskette (or CD-
ROM) drive. AVOLINK is now ready to help you manage
your test data.

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USING AVOLINK WITH THE BITE

Connecting the BITE to the PC
The BITE is physically connected to the PC by means of a null-
modem serial cable. You may power up the BITE before or after
connection to the PC, but be sure the BITE is properly and
securely connected to the PC before starting AVOLINK.
F
WARNING
Make sure the BITE is disconnected from any battery

under test before connecting the BITE to a PC.
For the BITE2 and the EBITE Receivers: Insert the plug of
the null-modem cable (30648) into the 7-pin connector on the
BITE receiver. Then insert the 9-pin end of the null-modem
cable into the COM port on the PC.
NOTE: Refer to EBITE manual for transferring data from

Transmitter.
For the MBITE: Connect a null-modem cable (33533) into the

J5 connector on the MBITE connector panel. Insert the other
end into the COM port of the PC.
Starting AVOLINK
Before starting up the AVOLINK program, be sure that the PC
and the BITE are securely connected by the null-modem cable.
1. Access the AVOLINK program by clicking on Start.
2. From the Programs menu, select AVOLINK and then, from

the submenu, avolink.
AVOLINK automatically sets the communication parameters at
9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no parity. If you need to
change the parameters, use the Setup Serial Port button, as
described under "Setup Serial Port" on page 132.

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The AVOLINK Window

When you first access the AVOLINK program, the AVOLINK
window displays with four tabs: Login, Send to…, Get From,
and Maintenance.
AVOLINK Startup Screen
Only two tabs are active for the BITE. They are discussed in
greater detail under "Transferring the BITE Test Data" on page
121.
Exit
Clicking on the button will close the AVOLINK

program.
Help
Click on at any time to open the AVOLINK Help file.

This is a Windows Help file, which contains Contents, Index
and Find tabs to assist you with the program. The Help file
also provides hypertext links to help you move among topics.
About
Click on for information regarding the version of

AVOLINK that is installed on your computer.
120
Transferring the BITE Test Data

When you start the AVOLINK program to transfer BITE test
data, the AVOLINK window displays with the Maintenance tab
selected. Click on the Select Device drop-down list and select
BITE. The Get From tab will now display as Import data. Click
on the Import data tab.
Maintenance Tab

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Import Data Tab
The features on this tab enable you to

• transfer test data from the BITE to a PC.
• specify the location on the PC where the BITE test data files
will be stored.
• assign a unique filename to the test data to be transferred.
• view the transferred data in Notepad or Excel.
As the transferred data is received by the PC, it is stored as a

.raw data file. After all the data is received, it is converted into
the following formats:
• Text file with a .txt extension

• Spreadsheet file with an .xls extension
• Battery Maintenance file with an .csv extension
Each transfer of test data can contain more than one test. For
each test transferred, the system creates three files, one file in
each of the three formats mentioned above. The system adds a
two-digit number, starting at 01, to each file name (to indicate
the test number).

122
Prepare the PC For Data Transfer

1. First, specify the storage location for the imported data. The
default folder is C:\Avolink\BITE data.
Specify Path to Store the Data File
To select a different folder, click on Browse and select a folder.

The selected folder displays in the Path to store file of test data
window.
2. Next, specify the name of the file that will contain the test
data. The extension for the file name must be .raw. AVO
Link will automatically add the extension.
Name the Test Data File

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Transfer Data
NOTE: Before transferring, you may want to disable your screen saver
(if you are using a screen saver). If you have a screen saver running at
the same time as the transfer, the screen saver may interrupt the
transfer and cause it to abort.
1. To begin the transfer, click the Transfer button. The

Transfer button toggles to Cancel, and the Communication
Status window at the bottom of the AVOLINK window
indicates it is waiting for data.
Transfer Button Pressed
2. Then, from the BITE, start sending the data. Each of the
two following subsections describes how to send the data
from one of the BITE devices.
• Sending data from the EBITE and BITE2 receivers
• Sending data from the MBITE

124
Sending data from the EBITE and BITE2 Receivers

Since you connected the receiver to the PC before powering up
the receiver, the display on the receiver will show the Transmit
Data screen:
Y TRANSMIT DATA
N (Y/N) MENU
Transmit Data Menu
1. Press on the receiver to select Y. The receiver prompts

you to select TRANSMITTER or PC.
TRANSMITTER
PC MENU
Select PC
2. Press on the receiver to select PC. The screen on the

receiver tells you to wait as the test results are
transferred. When the transfer is complete, you are
prompted to clear the data from the BITE.
Refer to the instruction manuals for the EBITE and BITE2 for
information about deleting data after transferring.

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Sending data from the MBITE
1. Press F on the MBITE to access MENU 1.
EXPORT READINGS
CLEAR STORAGE
VIEW/PRINT MENU
DATA STORAGE ON/OFF
RETURN TO TEST
UP DN ENTER MENU2
Menu1 Screen (Export Data)
2. Press or on the MBITE to select Export

Readings. Then press to start exporting data. The
MBITE displays the following screen. When the transfer is
complete, you are prompted to clear the data from the
MBITE.
TEST 001 OF 004
EXPORTING
<Lllllllllllllllllllll>
CANCEL
Export Data Screen
Refer to the instruction manual for the MBITE for more

information about deleting data after transferring.

126
Canceling a Transfer
To cancel a transfer, click Cancel on the AVOLINK Import Data
tab. The Cancel button toggles to Transfer, and the
Communication Status window indicates it is no longer waiting
for data.
Cancel Button Pressed
If the data transfer is aborted, the .raw file will contain all the
data that was transferred before the abort occurred. The .txt
and .xls files will not be created.
Disconnect the BITE from the PC

After the transfer is complete, disconnect the null-modem
cable from the BITE and from the PC.

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Viewing and Printing Test Data

To view the data files that you have transferred, click on the
View Test Data drop-down list. When you select a program from
the list, it automatically opens and is ready to display the data.
Open the saved data file from within the viewing program.
Open Data File From Viewing Program (Excel Shown Here).
You can add a viewing program to the View Data List by

clicking on Add Viewer. You can locate the viewing program in
one of two ways.
Adding a Data Viewer

128
AutoSearch for Viewer

1. Type the name of the viewing program in the Name of
program box.
2. Click on Auto Search for Path. AVOLINK will search for the
specified program and display the path to the program in
the box.
3. Click OK.
Results of Auto Search
Browse for Path

1. Click on Browse for Path, then use the Select Path dialog
box to find the desired viewing program.
2. Click OK.
3. Select the drive, folder and executable file for the viewing
program.

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Browse for the Path to the Viewing Program
When you are finished transferring and/or viewing BITE data,

click Exit on the AVOLINK window to close the program.

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COMMUNICATIONS FUNCTIONS
The remote device and the AVOLINK software must always
operate with the same communications parameters. If you find
it necessary to change the communications parameters for
AVOLINK, you can do so from the Maintenance tab.
Click on Maintenance to display the Maintenance tab, and

select BITE, TTR or DART from the Select Device drop-down
list.
Maintenance Tab

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Setup Serial Port

When necessary, use this feature to adjust the
communications parameters.
1. Click on Setup Serial Port.
Setup Serial Port
2. From the drop-down lists, pick the desired communications

parameters. For the DART Analysis System, select a baud rate
of 19200.
Select Baud Rate

132
Select Parity
Select Stop Bits
Select Data Bits

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• To save the new settings and initialize the serial port, click
Save Settings.
• To leave the parameters as they were when you accessed

the tab, click Restore Settings.
NOTE: Even if you have made changes and have clicked Save
Settings, the settings will be restored to those in effect when you
first accessed the tab.
If the Run in Test Mode check box is checked, the serial port is
not used and the remote device cannot be accessed.
Run in Test Mode
The Test mode does not support all commands. The commands
currently supported are.
SET.PASSWORD
SET.SETTINGS
SET.WAVEFORM (NO FILES ARE ACTUALLY TRANSFERRED)
LOGIN
LOGOUT
GET.SETTINGS
GET.PRINTERLIST

134
Test Communications
The Test Communication window is strictly for testing
purposes. It works independently of all the other windows. For
example, if you enter the Login command here, the program
will respond as it would if you were not connected to a remote
device.
Test Communication
Enter the command, subcommand, and data that you wish to

send to the remote device. If there is no subcommand or no
data, just leave those fields blank. Commands and
subcommands can be upper or lower case or mixed case.
The data must adhere to the following rules:
• The data items must be separated by commas.

• If a data item contains a dot (.), a comma (,) or a space, it
must be enclosed in double quotes (").
Select the Send button to send the command to the remote

device.
The Clear Entries button clears the Command, Subcommand

and Data fields.
The Communication Status window shows whether the

command succeeded or failed.

135
M
Printer Setup
Click on the Printer Setup button to display the print dialog
box. The appearance of this box will vary depending on the
type of printer that is connected to your PC.
Printer Setup
AVOCOM 32
AVOCOM32 provides the communication to the remote device.
AVOLINK takes care of starting and terminating AVOCOM32. If
you need to view the communication status, click on Start,
Programs, Avolink, avocom32. The resulting window shows all
commands and responses to commands going between
AVOLINK, AVOCOM32 and the remote device. The following
abbreviations indicate where the commands and responses are
coming from:
RI: Response to command came from the remote device
RO: Command was sent to the remote device
CI: Command was received from the client (AVOLINK)

136

Bite 2 and Bite 2P: Battery Impedance Test Equipment

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AVTM246004

BITE 2: Catalog No. 246002B

BITE 2P: Catalog No. 246004

APARATO DE ALTO VOLTAJE

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

MODIFIED PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS.........................................................47

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

APPENDIX B: REPLACEABLE PARTS...................................................................................... 97

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

About the BITE 2 and BITE 2P…

Thank you for selecting an Megger product. This instrument

The BITE 2 and BITE 2P are testing instruments used to

These measurements, along with other maintenance data

The BITE 2/2P consists of a transmitter and a receiver that

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

How the BITE 2/2P Works

Then the operator uses the receiver to measure the voltage

Several factors influence an impedance value, for instance,

The BITE 2/2P also automatically measures and records the

The BITE 2/2P also measures intercell or strap connections

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

Applications for the BITE 2/2P

• sealed (VRLA) cells

The BITE 2/2P tests many system types, including:

• railroad signals and communications

For information about other installations that might benefit

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

BITE 2/2P Measurements

Impedance precision (reproducibility) is 0.5%, and voltage

Test numbers start with number one (001) and increment

Intercell (strap) and intertier connection measurements are

Total current is monitored with each impedance measurement

A low current cutoff alarm is maintained at 3 A, and the

Upon Receipt of the BITE 2/2P

The BITE 2 instrument is shown in Figure 1-1. The BITE 2

• transmitter with built-in receiver battery charger

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

• current source leads

• clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 6-ft extension

• canvas carrying case for leads

• null modem cable

Figure 1-1: BITE 2 instrument

The BITE 2P instrument is shown in Figure 1-2. The BITE 2P

• transmitter with built-in printer and receiver battery

• current source leads

• clamp-on current sensor (CT) with a 6-ft extension

• null modem cable

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

Figure 1-2: BITE 2P instrument

AVTM246004 BITE 2/2P Rev 4 July 2011

How to Use This Manual

• Figures and tables are numbered in sequence by

• Bullets list items and options.

Cautions alert you to possible

G Never allow water to enter the case of the BITE 2/2P.

Warnings alert you to

Notes provide important

Margin notes offer extra