LNG and Gas Quality and Measurement Manual

LNG AND GAS QUALITY AND

MEASUREMENT MANUAL FOR
LNG CARRIERS CALLING AT
TERMINAL

OFFSHORE LNG TOSCANA S.p.A.

(OLT)

WAIVER: The following Manual is subject to further amendments, it is disclosed only for information purposes and shall not be
binding in any manner on OLT S.p.A., its affiliates, parent companies, representative and counsel involved in its preparation and
approval. The following Manual was prepared by OLT S.p.A. exercising all reasonable care. However, OLT S.p.A., its affiliates,
parent companies, representative and counsel involved in its preparation and approval shall not be liable or otherwise responsible
for its use -even partial -and any damages or losses resulting out of its use in any case (individual or not) and in whatever
jurisdiction.

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Table of Contents

1. LNG AND GAS QUANTITY, QUALITY AND PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS 4

1.0. LNG Quality Specifications for the Delivery Point ................................................................................ 4

1.1. Impurities .................................................................................................................................................. 5

1.2. Gas Quality Specifications for the Delivery Point.................................................................................. 5

2. LNG AND GAS MEASUREMENT, SAMPLING AND TESTING ...................... 6

2.0. Definitions.................................................................................................................................................. 6

2.1. LNG testing and measuring methods: tank gauge tables ...................................................................... 6
2.1.1. Calibration of LNG Tanks .................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.2. Preparation of Tank Gauge Tables ..................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3. Accuracy of Tank Gauge Tables......................................................................................................... 6
2.1.4. Witnessing of Tank Calibration .......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.5. Re-calibration of LNG Tanks in Case of Distortion, Reinforcement or Modification........................ 7

2.2. LNG testing and measuring methods: selection of gauging devices ..................................................... 7
2.2.1. Liquid Level Gauging Devices ........................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2. Temperature Gauging Devices ........................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3. Pressure Gauging Devices .................................................................................................................. 7

2.3. LNG testing and measuring methods: measurement procedures ........................................................ 8

2.3.1. General................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3.2. Liquid Level ....................................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.3. Temperature ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3.4. Pressure ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.5. Procedures in Case of Gauging Device Failure .................................................................................. 9
2.3.6. Determination of Volume of LNG Unloaded ................................................................................... 10

2.4. LNG testing and measuring methods: determination of composition of LNG .................................. 10
2.4.1. General.............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.4.2. LNG Sampling System ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.3. LNG On-line Composition Analysis ................................................................................................ 11
2.4.4. Specification of the Analyser System ............................................................................................... 11
2.4.5. Procedure in Case of Analysis System Failure ................................................................................. 13
2.4.6. On-line Composition Analysis for Gas Return ................................................................................. 13

2.5. LNG testing and measuring methods: method to determine energy transferred ............................. 13

2.6. LNG testing and measuring methods: methods of calculating energy transferred .......................... 16
2.6.1. Calculation of gross energy discharged ............................................................................................ 16
2.6.2. Calculation of Volume of LNG Discharged VLNG ......................................................................... 16
2.6.3. Calculation of Density of LNG Discharged LNG........................................................................... 16
2.6.4. Calculation of Mass-based Calorific Value of LNG Discharged - HmLNG .................................... 18
2.6.5. Calculation of Volume-based Calorific Value of LNG Discharged - HvLNG ................................. 18
2.6.6. Calculation of the Wobbe Index of LNG Discharged - WI .............................................................. 19
2.6.7. Calculation of the Return Gas Energy to the LNG Carrier ............................................................... 19
2.6.8. Calculation of Return Gas Volume - VNG ....................................................................................... 20

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2.6.9. The Gross Calorific Value of the Return Gas - HNG ....................................................................... 20
2.6.10. Calculation of Net Energy Discharged (Formulas and Rounding for the Calculation)..................... 21

2.7. UNLOADING CERTIFICATE AND DISCHARGE REPORT......................................................... 22

SCHEDULE 1 .......................................................................................................... 24

CONSTITUENT-SPECIFIC VALUES OF THE NATURAL GAS MIXTURE ............ 24

CONSTITUENT MOLAR VOLUMES ....................................................................... 24

3. MEASUREMENTS AND TESTS FOR EXPORT GAS AT THE

INTERCONNECTION POINT .................................................................................. 26

3.1. Gas Deliveries .......................................................................................................................................... 26

3.1.1. Volume Measurement ....................................................................................................................... 26
3.1.2. Quality Measurement........................................................................................................................ 26
3.1.3. Flow Computers................................................................................................................................ 26
3.1.4. Overall Accuracy of Measurement System ...................................................................................... 27
3.1.5. Fiscal Metering Supervisory System (EMMS) ................................................................................. 27
3.1.6. Fiscal Metering of Fuel Gas Usage ................................................................................................... 27
3.1.7. Calibration ........................................................................................................................................ 27

4. INVENTORY BALANCING ............................................................................. 27

5. DEFINITIONS AND REFERRED STANDARDS ............................................. 27

5.1. Acronyms list ........................................................................................................................................... 27

5.2. List of latest referred Standards with full titles ................................................................................... 28

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1. LNG and Gas Quantity, Quality and Pressure Specifications

The User shall notify the Operating Company of the LNG composition in the Cargo Information
Notice in accordance with the Terminal Manuals, including the physical properties such as
Wobbe Index, Gross Calorific Value, density as loaded, and density as predicted at time of arrival
at the Terminal. The data also shall include the actual composition and level of contaminants
(such as sulphur and oxygen) to allow the Operating Company to determine whether vaporized
LNG can meet the SRG Network Code specifications.

1.0. LNG Quality Specifications for the Delivery Point

The LNG Quality Specifications, based upon the SRG Network Code specifications, are as
follows:
Tabella 1: LNG quality specifications (**)

Property Specification Unit

Minimum 47,31 MJ/Sm³

Wobbe Index
Maximum 53,00 MJ/Sm³

Minimum (*) MJ/Sm³

Gross Calorific Value
Maximum (*) MJ/Sm³

H2S + COS (as sulphur) Maximum 6.6 mg/Sm3

Mercaptans (as sulphur) Maximum 15.5 mg/Sm3

Total sulphur (as sulphur) Maximum 150 mg/Sm3

Mercury (Hg) Maximum 10 Nano g/Sm³

Hydrocarbon dew point
Maximum -5 °C (1-70bara)
(cricondentherm)
Water (H2O) Maximum 0,1 ppm (vol)

Oxygen (O2) Maximum 100 ppm (vol)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Maximum 100 ppm (vol)

No deposits on 60
Solids
mesh strainers
Minimum 420 kg/m³
LNG density
Maximum 470 kg/m³

GCV, Wobbe Index reference standards: ISO 6976:1995 for calorific values (combustion
reference temperature: +15°C, standard cubic meter +15°C @ 1,01325 bara)

(*): if Wobbe Index is inside the specification range GCV and single components compositions
are acceptable

(**): at the time of current revision, SRG is revising quality specifications due to change of
GCV/WI units from MJ to kWh. Please consider that 1 kJ/Sm³ 15°/15° = 0.0002775 kWh/ Sm³25°/15°
and 1 kWh/ Sm³25°/15° = 3603.6 kJ/Sm³15°/15°. Once official specifications will be issued, present
Manual will be revised accordingly.

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1.1. Impurities
The delivered LNG shall not contain solid matter, contaminants, or extraneous material that might
interfere with its merchantability or cause injury to, or interference with, the proper operation of
the Terminal.

If the total sulphur content is less than five (5) mg/Sm³, it is not necessary to analyse the sample
for hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans sulphide.

To avoid internal clogging or erosion of equipment, the delivered LNG shall not contain any fluid
component (e.g., aromatics, C6H6, CO2, CH3OH, etc.) in a concentration higher than fifty per
cent (50%) of the solubility limit in LNG of that particular fluid component in the operating pressure
range of 0 to 100 bar absolute and operating temperature range of -162 to + 50°C. C6H6: max.
1 ppm, CH3OH: max. 0.5 ppm.

The LNG Quality Specifications are subject to change at any time as required to conform with
the Gas Quality Specifications.

1.2. Gas Quality Specifications for the Delivery Point

Once the LNG is regasified and treated using the nitrogen injection facility onboard the FSRU, it
shall meet the Gas Quality Specifications.

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2. LNG and Gas Measurement, sampling and testing

2.0. Definitions

Terms defined in the main body of the Access Code and appearing in this Annex 5 are used
herein as defined in the Access Code. Reference to GPA, API, ISO, EN or ASTM Standards and
procedures shall be to the latest officially published revisions at March 1st 2008.

2.1. LNG testing and measuring methods: tank gauge tables

2.1.1. Calibration of LNG Tanks

Prior to the utilization of any LNG Carrier, the User shall: (a) in the case of an LNG Carrier for
which the tanks and volume measuring devices have never been calibrated, arrange for each
LNG tank and volume measuring device of such LNG Carrier to be calibrated for volume against
level by a qualified surveyor agreed by the User and the Operating Company, or (b) in the case
of an LNG Carrier for which the tanks and volume measuring devices have previously been
calibrated, furnish to the Operating Company evidence of such calibration by a qualified surveyor
and, if required, arrange for the re-calibration of all tanks and volume measuring devices by a
qualified surveyor agreed by the User and the Operating Company.

2.1.2. Preparation of Tank Gauge Tables

The LNG Carrier shall have tank gauge tables verified by a qualified surveyor. Such tank gauge
tables shall include sounding tables, correction tables for list (heel) and trim, volume corrections
to tank service temperature and other corrections, if necessary. The tank gauge tables certified
for use by the relevant classification society for the LNG Carrier or by such party agreed between
the Parties and available for inspection by the Maritime Authorities, shall be verified by such
qualified surveyor. The LNG Carrier shall present their inspection certificates evidencing last
inspection.

2.1.3. Accuracy of Tank Gauge Tables

The tank gauge tables prepared pursuant to Section 2.1.2 above shall indicate volumes in cubic
meters expressed to the nearest thousandth, with tank depths expressed in meters to the nearest
thousandth.

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2.1.4. Witnessing of Tank Calibration

The Operating Company shall have the right for its representative to witness the tank calibrations
referred to in Section 2.1.1 above. The User shall give reasonable advance notice to the
Operating Company of the timing of such tank calibrations.

2.1.5. Re-calibration of LNG Tanks in Case of Distortion, Reinforcement or Modification

In the event that any LNG tank of any LNG Carrier suffers distortion or undergoes reinforcement
or modification of such a nature as to cause either the User or the Operating Company reasonably
to question the validity of the tank gauge tables referred to in Section 2.1.2 above, the User shall
arrange for such LNG tank to be re-calibrated in the same manner as set forth in Sections 2.1.1
and 2.1.2 hereof during any period when such LNG Carrier is out of service for inspection and/or
repairs. The User shall bear the costs of re-calibration unless such re-calibration was done at the
Operating Company’s request and did not demonstrate any inaccuracy in the tank gauge tables,
in which case the Operating Company shall pay the costs of re-calibration. Except as provided
in this Section 2.1.5, no other re-calibration of any LNG tank of any LNG Carrier shall be required.

2.2. LNG testing and measuring methods: selection of gauging devices

2.2.1. Liquid Level Gauging Devices

a. ISO 10976 specifies that ‘At least two independent means of determining liquid level
shall be available for each cargo tank. The primary and secondary level measurement
systems shall be independent, such that failure of one does not affect the other’.
b. ISO 10976 defines the measurement accuracy of both the primary and secondary liquid
level gauging devices shall be plus or minus five (+/- 5) millimeters (some ATGs are
not able to meet this verification tolerance, in which case a verification tolerance of +/-
7.5 mm may be applied).
c. Gauging devices shall be suitable for offshore measurement.

2.2.2. Temperature Gauging Devices

a. ISO 10976 specifies ‘There should be a minimum of five temperature sensors in each
tank and at least one temperature sensor shall be located above the maximum fill
height so as to remain in the vapour space . Each temperature sensor shall be
supported by a secondary sensor mounted adjacent to the primary sensor. The ATT
system shall read and provide individual temperatures for both liquid and vapour space
and allow their averages to be determined. In any case, LNG Carriers equipped with
fewer temperature sensors (but still in accordance with the IGC Code requirements)
may be considered.
b. Two sensors including spares shall be installed at the tank bottom and the tank top, in
order to constantly measure the temperatures of liquid and vapour, respectively. The
remaining sensors shall be installed at equally spaced distances between the tank
bottom and top. All of the sensors shall be mounted such that they are not affected by
the spray of LNG when the spray pumps are in operation.
c. ISO 10976 specifies that the accuracy of the temperature gauging devices shall be as
follows:
Temp. Range, °C Range,
-165 to -145 +/-0.2

2.2.3. Pressure Gauging Devices

a. Each LNG tank of each LNG Carrier shall have one (1) absolute pressure gauging
device.
b. ISO 10976 specifies that the measurement accuracy of the pressure gauging device
shall be plus or minus +/- 0.3 kPa

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2.3. LNG testing and measuring methods: measurement procedures

2.3.1. General

a. ISO 10976 is identified as the current standard defining measurement of cargoes on

board LNG carriers.
b. Gas to Boilers line must be isolated, spray pumps and boil-off gas compressors
stopped, loading arms connected and LNG Carrier’s manifold valves closed before any
gauging can take place. If gas burning is permitted then the Gas Flow meters must be
recorded at the same time as OCT and CCT are performed. The Master of the LNG
Carrier shall ensure that its gauging equipment and computers are in good working
order and calibrated by a qualified organization. Calibration certifications shall be
available on request.
c. OCT gauging shall be made after the Master has confirmed that the LNG Carrier is
ready to unload and before starting the LNG transfer pumps.
d. CCT gauging shall take place after completion of unloading, with transfer pumps off
and allowing sufficient time for the liquid level to stabilize.
e. Volumetrically the condition of the cargo arms and the unloading line should be in the
same condition for OCT and for CCT, either empty or full. Any other equipment
eventually in use should be in the same condition for OCT and CCT.
f. The User, the Operating Company or their representatives shall have the right to be
present during any gauging, but the absence of a representative shall not prohibit any
gauging taking place.

2.3.2. Liquid Level

a. Measurement of the liquid level in each LNG tank of each LNG Carrier shall be made
to the nearest millimetre by using the main liquid level gauging device referred to in
Section 2.2.1 hereof. Should the main device fail, the auxiliary device shall be used for
both OCT and CCT.
b. Five (5) readings shall be made in as rapid succession as possible. The arithmetic
average of the readings shall be deemed the liquid level. The supplier of the measuring
equipment shall make sure that the CTMS is able to compensate for dynamic
movement while the LNG Carrier is moored at the Terminal. The internal level sampling
rate of the CTMS shall be fast enough to enable an appropriate processing, resulting
in above specified readings with time intervals of typically fifteen (15) seconds to be
stable within CTMS accuracy limits. Such information shall be included as part of the
LNG Carrier calibration already approved by a qualified surveyor. Any variation in the
prescribed number of measurement readings that may be required to compensate for
dynamic movement of the LNG Carrier while moored at the Terminal is to be provided
by the supplier of the measuring equipment. Such information shall be included as part
of the LNG Carrier calibration tables already approved by a qualified surveyor.
c. Such arithmetic average shall be calculated to the nearest zero decimal one (0.1)
millimetre and shall be rounded to the nearest millimetre.
d. The same liquid level gauging device shall be used for both the initial and final
measurements during Unloading at the Delivery Point. If the main level gauging device
is inoperative at the time of commencement of Unloading, necessitating use of the
auxiliary level gauging device, the auxiliary level gauging device shall be used at the
time of cessation of Unloading, even if the main level gauging device has subsequently
become operative. Trim and list of the LNG Carrier shall be kept unchanged while the
referenced measurements are performed.
e. The liquid level in each LNG tank shall be logged or printed.

2.3.3. Temperature

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a. At the same time liquid level is measured, temperature shall be measured to the
nearest zero decimal one degree Celsius (0.1°C) by using the temperature gauging
devices referred to in Section 2.2.2 hereof.
b. In order to determine the temperature of liquid and vapour in the tanks of the LNG
Carrier, one (1) reading shall be taken with each primary temperature gauging device
in each LNG tank . An arithmetic average of such readings with respect to vapour and
liquid in all LNG tanks shall be deemed the final temperature of vapour and liquid.
c. Such arithmetic average shall be calculated to the nearest zero decimal zero one
degree Celsius (0.01°C) and shall be rounded to the nearest zero decimal one degree
Celsius (0.1°C).
d. The temperature in each LNG tank shall be logged or printed.

2.3.4. Pressure

a. At the same time liquid level is measured, the absolute pressure in each LNG tank shall
be measured to the nearest one (1) mbarA by using the pressure gauging device
referred to in Section 2.2.3 hereof.
b. The determination of the absolute pressure in the LNG tanks of each LNG Carrier shall
be made by taking one (1) reading of the pressure gauging device in each LNG tank,
and then by taking an arithmetic average of all such readings.
c. Such arithmetic average shall be calculated to the nearest zero decimal one (0.1)
mbarA and shall be rounded to the nearest one (1) mbarA
d. In the event that an LNG Carrier utilizes units other than mbarA, then the Operating
Company and the User may convert to mbarA using recognised international
conversion factors.
e. The pressure in each LNG tank shall be logged or printed.

2.3.5. Procedures in Case of Gauging Device Failure

Should the measurements referred to in Sections 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 hereof
become impossible to perform due to a failure of gauging devices, alternative gauging
procedures shall be determined by mutual agreement between the Operating Company
and the User in consultation with the independent surveyor.

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2.3.6. Determination of Volume of LNG Unloaded

a. The list (heel) and trim of the LNG Carrier shall be measured at the same time as the
liquid level and temperature of LNG in each LNG tank are measured. ISO 10976
specifies that the tolerance permitted on Draft readings is +/- 50 mm. The tolerance
permitted on List measurement is +/- 0.05 Degrees. The LNG Carrier’s cargo transfer
piping shall contain hydrocarbons in the same state during final gauging as at initial
gauging. Vapor lines that are connected to the vapor header shall be opened to ensure
that the vapor pressure in all LNG tanks is equalized. Such measurements shall be
made immediately before any Cargo operation commences and immediately after
Unloading is completed and after cargo arms and vessel lines are drained.. The volume
of LNG, stated in cubic meters to the nearest zero decimal zero zero one (0.001) cubic
meter, shall be determined by using the tank gauge tables referred to in Section 2.1
hereof and by applying the volume corrections set forth therein.
b. The volume of LNG unloaded shall be determined by deducting the total volume of LNG
in all tanks immediately after Unloading is completed from the total volume in all tanks
immediately before Unloading commences. This volume in cubic meters of LNG
Unloaded shall be rounded to the nearest zero decimal zero zero one (0.001) cubic
meter.
c. On completion of the CCT measurements, all measurements recorded from the CTMS
shall be printed to three certificates – as follows:
Certificate of Opening Custody Transfer measurements
Certificate of Closing Custody Transfer measurements
Certificate of Unloading – summarizing the data from the OCT and CCT
Certificates
These three documents shall be produced in original form and signed by all of the
interested Parties, originals of which shall be distributed to said interested Parties

2.4. LNG testing and measuring methods: determination of composition of

LNG

For LNG custody transfer purposes, the amount of energy transferred from the LNG Carrier to
the Terminal will be measured in accordance with the methods described in the GIIGNL LNG
Custody Transfer Handbook 2010.

2.4.1. General

a. The Operating Company shall sample and analyze the LNG Unloaded in accordance
with this Section 2.4. For the determination of composition either a continuous sampling
with subsequent analysis as per Section 2.4.2 or on-line sampling and analysis as per
Section 2.4.4 shall be used. The Operating Company shall decide which
sampling/analysis system shall be used for determining of the official composition of
the discharged LNG.
b. The LNG sampling/analysis systems shall be in accordance with the ISO 8943-2007
standard for continuous and on-line intermittent analysis systems and to UNI EN ISO
10715 "Norma Italiana Gas Naturale – Linea guida per iI campionamento."
c. Representatives of the User may be present and witness device calibrations and
sampling/analyses procedures, but absence of a representative shall not prohibit the
execution of these activities.

2.4.2. LNG Sampling System

a. An LNG sampling system shall be located in a weather tight enclosure on the Terminal
at a suitable position on each Terminal main discharge line and shall be configured so
as to guarantee that representative continuous samples are drawn from the LNG
transfer lines during the period of steady full rate discharge. This consists of two (2)
LNG sample take-off systems with integrated vaporization, stabilization and control to
ensure control of the phase change of the LNG to gas. From both sample take-off the
vaporized LNG will be delivered to a single automated sampling system for filling of

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sample cylinders.
b. The sampled gas is delivered to an online gas chromatograph and used for on-line
intermittent analysis.
Alternatively, backup samples shall be charged on a continuous basis into CP/FP
sample containers to be analysed in an on shore laboratory.
This sampling shall be performed at an even rate during the period starting about one
(1) hour after continuous Unloading at full rate has commenced and ending about one
(1) hour prior to the suspension of continuous full rate Unloading.
c. The sampling equipment shall be such as to guarantee that representative samples are
drawn from the LNG transfer line at all times during Unloading. It shall be designed to
extract, transport and condition representative LNG samples to be delivered to a
sample container consisting of three (3) five hundred (500) cc. stainless steel sample
cylinders and to the analyzers under conditions that are required for proper operation
in terms of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility and availability.
d. After completion of the discharge, the collected composite gas sample shall be
available in three (3) stainless steel gas sample cylinders. One sample cylinder shall
be sent for analysis at an independent onshore laboratory using industry accepted
standard methods, one sample cylinder shall be made available to the User (delivered
to the LNG Carrier), and one sample cylinder shall be retained by the Operating
Company for at least thirty (30) days. In case of any dispute concerning the accuracy
of any analysis, the Operating Company sample shall be further retained until the
Operating Company and the User agree not to retain it.

2.4.3. LNG On-line Composition Analysis

a. The intermittent on-line analyses the sampled gas uses the on-line gas chromatographs
to determine the molar fractions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen in accordance with the
ISO 8943-2007. A separate gas chromatograph shall be used for each line, and
analyses shall be made at suitable fixed intervals of five minutes.
b. For each line, the composition shall be the average of the readings taken in the time
from about one (1) hour after continuous Unloading at full rate has commenced up to
about one (1) hour prior to the suspension of continuous full rate Unloading. The
composition of the discharged LNG shall be determined by taking the average of the
two (2) lines.
c. The intermittent on-line analysis system is the primary system. CP/FP samples are to
be used in case of unavailability/misfunctioning of the primary system.
d. Triplicate runs shall be made on the reference gas and the sample gas to determine
that the repeatability of peak areas is within acceptable limits. The calculated results
of such triplicate runs shall be averaged. The gas chromatography analysis shall be
carried out according to the ISO 6974 Part 4 and the LNG density determined in
accordance with the revised Klosek-McKinley method.
e. Individual composition readings and the averages shall be rounded to at least zero
point zero one per cent (0.001%). If required, the methane concentration shall be
corrected to give a sum of composition percentages of 100% the rounding of molar
composition values should be consistent with that specified in the test method.
f. The on-line chromatographs shall be calibrated and/or have calibration checks
performed within the time period of twenty-four (24) hours before commencement of
the discharge.
g. Test method ISO 19739:2004 shall be used to determine the total sulphur content of
the LNG Unloaded. If the total sulphur content is less than five (5) mg/Sm³, it is not
necessary to analyze the sample for hydrogen sulphide.
h. In the event that the on-line monitoring of a Cargo Unloading would indicate that the
Cargo does not meet the LNG Quality Specifications set forth in this Annex 5, the
applicable provisions of Clause 3.7.1.3 shall apply.

2.4.4. Specification of the Analyser System

a. The on-line gas chromatograph used for the intermittent on-line analysis shall be
installed to verify the quality of the LNG transferred at the delivery point. The gas

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chromatograph shall be self-calibrating and shall, by direct measurement or by

calculation, provide an accurate analysis of the composition of the LNG, its density,
Wobbe Index and Gross Calorific Value. The analysis cycle for each of the gas
chromatographs shall be five (5) minutes.

Process analyzers are installed inside a analyzer house. The temperature inside the
analyzer house shall be controlled to ensure ambient conditions at all times.

In particular, provision for analysis consists of:

1. One (1) composition analyzer (gas chromatographs) 100% redundant
2. One (1) H2S, mercaptans, and total sulphur analyzer (gas chromatograph)
3. Dew point analyzer (hydrocarbon / water)
4. Density analyzer
5. O2 analyzer
6. Laboratory sampling system

b. The gas chromatograph will be used to analyze the composition (C1 to C6+, N2, CO2)
and to calculate GCV, WI, Dr, D, and Z where:
GCV - Gross Calorific Value
WI - Wobbe Index
Dr - Relative density
D- Dew point
Z - Compressibility factor
To check the accuracy of GCV-Dr-Z-CO2-N2, two (2) test gas samples shall be used
containing all the components to be determined, one (1) with GCV between thirty-seven
decimal three (37.3) and thirty-eight decimal one (38.1) MJ/Sm3 and the other with
GCV between thirty-eight decimal nine (38.9) and forty decimal two (40.2) MJ/Sm3.
For each test sample, five (5) analyses shall be carried out, discarding the first two (2).
On the last three (3) analyses, the average composition and the related chemical-
physical parameters shall be calculated, verifying that the relative error calculated to
meet the requirements of the test gas analysis certificate shall be within the limits
specified below. The test method that is being reported by the Gas Chromatograph
(GC) will define the applicable level of precision. The test method advised is to be ISO
6974 Part 4 compliant (see V 3.3 above)

C1 – C2 0.1 % molar
C3 – N2 – CO2 0.05 % molar
GCV 50 kJ/Sm3
Dr 0.001
Z 0.001

To check the repeatable use of the equipment in accordance with the table below, at
least seven (7) consecutive analyses of a gas sample containing all the relevant
components shall be carried out, discarding the first two (2) analyses. For this trial, a
certified gas mixture or ‘working gas’ should be used.
GCV 0.5 %
Dr 0.5 %
Z 0.1 %
CO2 0.1 %
N20 0.1 %
c. The gas chromatograph for H2S, mercaptans, and total sulphur analysis and
calculation shall be within the limits specified below:
Repeatability: ± 2% of full scale
Sensitivity: ± 0.5% of full scale
The analysis cycle time: 6 min.
d. The dew point analyzer (hydrocarbonIwater) shall be within the limits specified below:
Accuracy: ±0.5°C
Repeatability: ± Vendor STD
Measurement frequency: 6 cycles/hour recommended (12 maximum)
Resolution: 0.1 °C

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H.C. dew point range: -40 + +20°C

e. The density analyzer shall be within the limits specified below:

Accuracy: +/- 0.1% of reading
Repeatability: +/- 0.02% of reading
Response time: < 60 sec.

f. Oxygen (O2) in the process analyzer shall be within the limits specified below:
Accuracy: +/-1% F.S.
Repeatability: +/- 1% of SPAN
Sensitivity: Vendor STD
Response time: Vendor STD
g. The moisture, H2O analyzer shall be within the limits specified below:
Accuracy: ±1°C
Sensitivity: 0.1 ppmV
Resolution: 0.1 °C

2.4.5. Procedure in Case of Analysis System Failure

a. In the case of a failure of the continuous sampling system or the on-line analysis
system, the results of the other system shall be used for the LNG composition.
b. In the case of a failure of both the continuous sampling system and the on-line sampling
system, the arithmetic average of the analysis results of the five (5) immediately
preceding Cargoes (or the total Cargoes delivered if less than five (5)) of similar
composition to that expected for the current Cargo from the same loading port,
including the Cargoes of other Users, shall be deemed to be the composition of the
LNG. If the above is not deemed reliable by the independent Cargo Surveyor, the
weathered composition according to MOLAS model will be used for the determination
of LNG quality within 5 working days after discharge of the LNG carrier .
c. In case of a LNG cargo arriving from a reloading operation, the composition of LNG at
the loading port shall not in any case be taken as a base for determining the quality of
Cargo (ref par 2.4.5.b) unless User (or its appointed Cargo Surveyor) certificates that
the LNG quality analysis at the loading port is performed accordingly to GIIGNL LNG
Custody Transfer Handbook (fourth (2015) edition) section 18 recommendations (i.e.
proper measurement of the gas return flow and quality).

2.4.6. On-line Composition Analysis for Gas Return

As Terminal is not equipped with a system for Gas Return Analysis, GHV value for Gas Return is 33.935
MJ/m3 in standard conditions as specified, which is equal to a quality of ninety per cent (90%) methane
and ten per cent (10%) nitrogen.

2.5. LNG testing and measuring methods: method to determine energy

transferred
The amount of energy transferred from each LNG Carrier shall be calculated by an independent
cargo surveyor appointed by all interested Parties in accordance with the Measurement Testing
and Calculations defined within this document. The target inaccuracy for the determination of
the energy received is in accordance to the applicable standards (ref GIIGNL LNG Custody
Transfer Handbook – Third Edition 2010).
The amount of LNG Unloaded shall be exclusive of the volume of vapor returning to the User’s
LNG Carrier during Unloading of LNG.

During these transfer operations, the volume of LNG Unloaded is replaced by Gas sent back by
the Terminal.
A small amount of LNG remains in the LNG Carrier’s tanks after Unloading has finished. The
energy transferred, E, corresponds to the difference between the energy transferred as LNG and
as gas [return gas (NG) + gas used by the LNG Carrier’s engines, if applicable (MG)]:

E = ELNG – ENG – EMG

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The evaluation of these energies is done by determining the volumes and/or mass transferred
and the mean mass and/or volume-based calorific value during the transfer process, which is:

For LNG:
ELNG = VLNG X LNG x HLNG
with:

VLNG: volume of LNG measured in the LNG Carrier’s tanks;

LNG: density of LNG calculated based on chromatographic analysis and
temperature of the LNG; and
HLNG: mean mass-based Gross Calorific Value (GCV) of LNG calculated, as above
through chromatographic analysis of the LNG.

For the Return Gas (NG):

ENG = VNG x HNG
with:

VNG: volume of Gas replacing the Unloaded LNG. This volume as specified,
brought to standard conditions (288.15 K and 1013.25 mbar), is calculated
from the volume of LNG transferred and the temperature and pressure
conditions of the gas phase in the tanks at the end of Unloading; and
HNG: volume-based Gross Calorific Value of Gas, calculated through
chromatographic analysis of the return gas.

The following diagram represents the energy transferred between the Unloaded LNG and the
return gas.
Note: Natural evaporation of the Cargo during Unloading is not included in the calculation; in
fact, the loss of LNG is compensated for by less Gas returning to the LNG Carrier’s tanks.

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Figura 1: Principle of cargo inspection

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2.6. LNG testing and measuring methods: methods of calculating energy

transferred
2.6.1. Calculation of gross energy discharged

The calculation of gross energy discharged is a function of:

1. VLNG : volume of LNG discharged,
2. LNG : density of LNG discharged, and
3. HLNG: mass-based Gross Calorific Value of LNG discharged.

ELNG = VLNG X LNG x HLNG

2.6.2. Calculation of Volume of LNG Discharged VLNG

Method of Calculation
The volume of LNG discharged is calculated as the difference in volumes of LNG contained
within the tanks before and after Unloading.
The volume of LNG contained within the tank at a given point is determined by the reading
from a gauge table, as a function of the corrected LNG level.
The corrected LNG level is obtained from the level measured in a tank (mean of level gauges),
with correction factors (as mentioned above) applied if necessary.
The volume of the LNG Carrier at a given point is the sum of the volumes contained within all
the tanks onboard the LNG Carrier.

Units and Rounding

Volume is expressed in m3.

The volume of LNG, before and after Cargo inspection, is determined to three (3) decimal
places; the net volume is calculated as a difference and for the energy calculations made to
three (3) decimal places (e.g., 0.001).

2.6.3. Calculation of Density of LNG Discharged LNG

The density is calculated from different models based on state equations, corresponding state
equations, etc., with the following input data:

1. The composition of LNG from chromatographic analysis after sampling and vaporisation;
the values for molar composition are made to five (5) decimal places; and
2. The LNG temperature, measured in the LNG Carrier’s tanks; the temperature of LNG is
measured in °C to one (1) decimal place (e.g., 0.1).

The calculation should use the revised Klosek and McKinley (KMK)1 method for determining
LNG density.

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Application Areas for the Calculation Method

The limits of the Klosek and McKinley method for LNG composition and temperature are:

Methane (CH4) > 60 % mol.

Iso- and normal butanes (iC4 + nC4) < 4 % mol.
Iso- and normal pentanes (iC5 + nC5) < 2 % mol.
Nitrogen (N2) < 4 % mol.
< 115 K
Temperature (T)
< - 158.15 °C

The Klosek Mac Kinley Method Formula

The method for calculating LNG density is based on an empirical evaluation of molar volumes
of mixtures in a considered thermodynamic state. The density is calculated as follows:

M mix
 LNG 
Vmix

with:

ρLNG: density of LNG in [kgm-3]

Mmix: molecular mass of mixture in [kgkmol-1]

M mix   M i  X i
where:

Mi : molecular mass of constituent i;

Xi : molar fraction of constituent i.
Vmix : molar volume of mixture expressed in [lmol-1]

  X N 
Vmix   X i  Vi   K 1  K 2  K 1       X CH
2

  0 . 0425 
4

where:

Xi : molar fraction of constituent i

Vi : molar volume of constituent i at the temperature of LNG
K1 , K 2 : correction factors

The values of K1 and K2, expressed in l/mol, are determined by tables as a function of the
molar mass of LNG at temperatures of between 105 K and 135 K. The tables showing molar
volumes in [lmol-1] for the hydrocarbons from C1 to C5, as a function of varying temperature
from 106 K to 118 K are used by this method. (Tables Annex 5) No rounding is made when
calculating K1, K2 and Vmol.

Units and Rounding for the Calculations

Density calculations are made without rounding, as per the rules for KMK calculations (note
NBS 1030 December 1980); density is expressed in [kgm-3].

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2.6.4. Calculation of Mass-based Calorific Value of LNG Discharged - HmLNG

Method of Calculation
The calculation of the mass-based gross calorific value of LNG is determined from the
molar composition, the molar mass and the molar calorific value of the different
components. The molar mass and the molar calorific values for each component are
included in the Schedule 1 tables below.

Their correlation is shown here with:

 x  H t 
N
o
i i 1
HmLNG  i 1
N

x M
i 1
i

where:

HmLNG : mass-based calorific value of the mixture, [MJkg-1]

H0i(ti) : molar calorific value of component i, [MJkmol-1], at 15°C combustion
temperature
xi : molar fraction of component i
Mi : molar mass of component i [kgkmol-1]

Units and Rounding

The mass-based gross calorific value is expressed in [MJkg-1], in specified reference
combustion conditions of 15°C. The physical constants for molar-based gross calorific
value and molar mass of the different components are found in the standard ISO 6976 –
1995. No rounding for HmLNG is used in calculating gross energy discharged.

2.6.5. Calculation of Volume-based Calorific Value of LNG Discharged - HvLNG

Method of Calculation
The calculation of the volume-based gross calorific value (for Real Gas conditions) of LNG
is determined from the volume-based calorific value, the molar composition and the
summation factor of the different components and the molar gas constant. The volume-
based calorific value and the summation factor for each component are included in the
Schedule 1 tables below.
Their correlation is shown here:

x  Hv 
N

i i
HvLNG  i 1
Z mix

with:

2
N 
Z mix  1   xi * bi 
 i 1 

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where as:

HvLNG : is the volume-based calorific value (for Real Gas conditions) of the mixture,
[MJm3-1]
xi : is the molar fraction of component i
Hvi : is the volume-based calorific value of component i, [MJm3-1] , at reference
conditions of 15/15°C & 101.325 kPa
Zi : is the compression factor at the metering reference conditions
√bi : is the summation factor of component I, (at 15°C & 101.325 kPa)

Units and Rounding

The volume-based gross calorific value is expressed in [MJm3-1], at a specified reference
combustion temperature of 15°C, a metering temperature of 15°C and an atmospheric
pressure of 101.325 kPa (for Real Gas conditions). The physical constants for volume-
based gross calorific value are found in the standard ISO 6976 – 1995. No rounding for
HvLNG is used in calculating gross energy discharged.

2.6.6. Calculation of the Wobbe Index of LNG Discharged - WI

The method of calculation is based on a real gas with the following formula:

Hv LNG
WI 
d
with:

where as:

WI: is the Wobbe Index value of the mixture, [MJm3-1]

HvLNG : is the volume-based calorific value (for Real Gas conditions) of the mixture
d: relative density of the real gas mixture
Mi : is the molar mass of component i [kgkmol-1]
Mair : is the molar mass of dry air (28.9626 kgkmol-1)
Zmix : is the compression factor at the metering reference conditions
Zair : is the Real Gas compressibility factor for dry air equal at 288.15K & 101.325
kPa ( 0.99958)

Units and Rounding

The Wobbe Index is expressed in [MJm-3], at a specified reference combustion
temperature of 15°C, a metering temperature of 15°C and an atmospheric pressure of
101.325 kPa (for Real Gas conditions).. The physical constants for Wobbe Index of the
different components are found in the standard ISO 6976 – 1995. No rounding is used in
calculating Wobbe Index.

2.6.7. Calculation of the Return Gas Energy to the LNG Carrier

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The calculation of energy returning to the LNG Carrier ENG is based on the following values:
1. The volume of gas VNG; and
2. The volume-based Gross Calorific Value of the return gas HNG.

As Terminal does not provide the measurement of volume-based Gross Calorific Value for
the return gas HNG, the determined value will be 33.995 MJm-3 in standard conditions as
specified for Real Gas conditions, which is equal to a quality of ninety per cent (90%)
methane and ten per cent (10%) nitrogen.

2.6.8. Calculation of Return Gas Volume - VNG

The NG volume transferred is calculated as a difference from the volume of LNG

transferred corrected according to:
1. The temperature of the gas phase; and
2. The pressure of the gas phase.

Between two (2) cargo inspections, natural evaporation is taken into account with volume
of LNG transferred, if the corresponding drop in LNG level is measured.

Outside of cargo inspections (before and after), this evaporation is not taken into account
as it is reincorporated within the Terminal.

Method of Calculation
The volume of gas returned to the LNG Carrier between two (2) cargo inspections,
corresponding to the geometric volume of LNG discharged, shall be done under specific
pressure and temperature conditions: 101.325 kPa and 15°C, respectively; the volume
shall be corrected according to temperature and pressure conditions of the gas phase to
the LNG Carrier

Standard conditions (101.325 kPa; 15 °C)

288.15 P
VNG  VLNG  
273.15  t 1013.25
VLNG: Volume of gas under observed pressure and temperature conditions; no
rounding is made in calculating return gas volume;
P: observed absolute pressure, expressed in mbar, in the LNG Carrier’s tanks;
for calculations, measurements made to the nearest mbar;
t: observed vapor temperature of gas phase in degrees Celsius. The value for
this is equal to the mean temperature indicated by the temperature probes
not immerged in the LNG in place in the LNG Carrier’s tanks; for calculations,
temperatures taken to the nearest 0.1 °C.

Units and Rounding

The return gas volume VNG is expressed in cubic meters [m3] as specified under standard
pressure and temperature conditions (101.325 kPa.; 15 °C), with no rounding performed
for calculating return gas energy.

2.6.9. The Gross Calorific Value of the Return Gas - HNG

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The volume-based Gross Calorific Value of return gas is calculated from the molar
composition, determined by chromatographic analysis, in accordance with the standard
ISO 6976 – 1995.

In all cases, when Unloading, the Operating Company shall take into account the Gross
Calorific Value of the return gas and use this in the calculation of energy transferred; this
will provide better accuracy to the annual usage report for each carrier in question

Method of Calculation

The method of calculation is based on a real gas with the following formula:

 x  Hv 
N

i i
H NG  i 1
Z mix

with:

2
N 
Z mix  1   xi * bi 
 i 1 
where as:

HNG: is the volume-based calorific value (for Real Gas conditions) of the gas return mixture,
[MJm3-1]
xi: is the molar fraction of component i
Hvi: is the volume-based calorific value of component i, [MJm3-1] , at reference
conditions of 15/15°C & 101.325 kPa
Zmix: is the compression factor at the metering reference conditions
√bi : is the summation factor of component I, (at 15°C & 101.325 kPa)

Units and Rounding

The volume-based Gross Calorific Value is expressed in [MJm-3] with as specified
reference combustion conditions 15°C standard pressure and temperature conditions
(1013.25 mbar; 15 °C) as specified. The physical constants for volume-based Gross
Calorific Value and molar masses of the different components are detailed in the standard
ISO 6976 – 1995. No rounding is performed for return gas energy calculations.

2.6.10. Calculation of Net Energy Discharged (Formulas and Rounding for the Calculation)

Method of Calculation

In summary, the net energy discharged is expressed according to the formula:

Standard conditions (1013.25 mbar; 15 °C)

  288.15 P 
E LNG  VLNG  LNG  H LNG      H NG 
  273.15  t 1013 .25 

Units and Rounding

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All of the calculations concerning discharged net energy are made without rounding and
use the following input data:

VLNG: expressed in [m3] to three (3) decimal places

ρLNG: expressed kg/m3 without rounding in the calculation; no rounding in the
calculation of K1, K2 and Vmol; the molar composition of LNG is given to five (5)
decimal places or if it is a molar % to three (3) decimal places; the temperature
of LNG in °C is given to one (1) decimal place.
HLNG: mass-based calorific value of LNG is expressed in [MJkg-1] without rounding in
the calculation; the molar composition of LNG is given to five (5) decimal places
or if it is a molar % to three (3) decimal places
t: temperature of the return gas expressed in [°C] and given to one (1) decimal
place
P: pressure of the return gas expressed in bar given to three (3) decimal places or
in mbar to the nearest mbar
HNG: calorific value of return gas expressed in [MJm-3] without rounding in the
calculation; the molar composition of LNG is given to five (5) decimal places or if
it is a molar % to three (3) decimal places
ENG: net energy discharged expressed in [GJ] without rounding.

Conversions
MJ to MMBtu (ASTM E380-72)

1 MMBtu (reference combustion T) = 1055.056 MJ (reference combustion T).

1 kJmol-1 = 0,00423 MJm-3

2.7. UNLOADING CERTIFICATE AND DISCHARGE REPORT

For unloading certificates and discharge reports, the values for the Cargo are detailed as follows:

VLNG before Unloading : in [m3] to three (3) decimal places

VLNG after Unloading : in [m3] to three (3) decimal places
VLNG discharged : in [m3] to two (2) decimal places
LNG temperature before Unloading : in [°C] to one (1) decimal place
Pressure of tanks after Unloading : in [mbar] to nearest one (1) mbar
Temperature of NG after Unloading : in [°C] to one (1) decimal place
Composition of LNG : in [mol %] to three (3) decimal places
Composition of return gas : in [mol %] to three (3) decimal places
Wobbe Index : in [MJm-3] to two (2) decimal places
GCV, NCV volume and mass based : in [MJkg-1] or per m3 to two (2) decimal
places
Density of LNG : in [kgm-3] to three (3) decimal places
Density of gaseous LNG : in [kgm-3] to three (3) decimal places
Specific gravity of gaseous LNG : no units to three (3) decimal places

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Quantity of LNG energy returning to LNG Carrier :in [GJ] to the nearest GJ (no figures after
the decimal point) and [MMBtu] to two (2)
decimal places
Quantity of net LNG energy discharged : in [GJ] to the nearest GJ (no figures after
the decimal point) and [MMBtu] to two (2)
decimal places

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SCHEDULE 1

Constituent-Specific Values of the Natural Gas Mixture

HVi : volume-based calorific value (15/15°C & 101.325 kPa) of constituent i

HMi: molar-based calorific value (15°C) of constituent i
Mi: molar mass of constituent i
√bi : summation of factor (15°C & 101.325 kPa) for constituent i

Property

Component HVi HMi Mi bi

[MJ/m3] [kJ/mol] [kg/kmol]

Methane (CH4) 37.706 891.56 16.043 0.0447

Ethane (C2H6) 66.07 1,562.14 30.070 0.0922

Propane (C3H8) 93.94 2,221.10 44.097 0.1338

n-Butane (nC4H10) 121.79 2,879.76 58.123 0.1871

iso-Butane (iC4H10) 121.40 2,870.58 58.123 0.1789

n-Pentane (nC5H12) 149.66 3,538.60 72.150 0.2510

Iso-Pentane (nC5H12) 149.36 3,531.68 72.150 0.2280

Nitrogen (N2) - 28.0135 0.0173

Carbon dioxide (CO2) - 44.010 0.0748

Source: ISO 6976:1995

Constituent Molar Volumes

Molar volume, l/mol

Component
118 K 116 K 114 K 112 K 110 K 108 K 106 K

CH4 0.038817 0.038536 0.038262 0.037995 0.037735 0.037481 0.037234

C2H6 0.048356 0.048184 0.048014 0.047845 0.047678 0.047512 0.047348

C3H8 0.062939 0.062756 0.062574 0.062392 0.062212 0.062033 0.061855

iC4H10 0.078844 0.078640 0.078438 0.078236 0.078035 0.077836 0.077637

nC4H10 0.077344 0.077150 0.076957 0.076765 0.076574 0.076384 0.076194

iC5H12 0.092251 0.092032 0.091814 0.091596 0.091379 0.091163 0.090948

nC5H12 0.092095 0.091884 0.091673 0.091462 0.091252 0.091042 0.090833

N2 0.050885 0.049179 0.047602 0.046231 0.045031 0.043963 0.043002

Source: N.B.S. - Technical note 1030 December 1980.

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Volume Correction Factor - k1 x 10-3

Molecular Volume reduction, l/mol

weight
of mixture
105 K 110 K 115 K 120 K 125 K 130 K 135 K
g/mol

16 -0.007 -0.008 -0.009 -0.010 -0.013 -0.015 -0.017

17 0.165 0.180 0.220 0.250 0.295 0.345 0.400

18 0.340 0.375 0.440 0.500 0.590 0.700 0.825

19 0.475 0.535 0.610 0.695 0.795 0.920 1.060

20 0.635 0.725 0.810 0.920 1.035 1.200 1.390

21 0.735 0.835 0.945 1.055 1.210 1.370 1.590

22 0.840 0.950 1.065 1.205 1.385 1.555 1.800

23 0.920 1.055 1.180 1.330 1.525 1.715 1.950

24 1.045 1.155 1.280 1.450 1.640 1.860 2.105

25 1.120 1.245 1.380 1.550 1.750 1.990 2.272

Source: N.B.S. - Technical note 1030 December 1980.

Volume Correction Factor – k2 x 10-3

Molecular Volume reduction, l/mol

weight
of mixture 105 K 110 K 115 K 120 K 125 K 130 K 135 K

16 -0.010 -0.015 -0.024 -0.032 -0.043 -0.058 -0.075

17 0.240 0.320 0.410 0.600 0.710 0.950 1.300

18 0.420 0.590 0.720 0.910 1.130 1.460 2.000

19 0.610 0.770 0.950 1.230 1.480 1.920 2.400

20 0.750 0.920 1.150 1.430 1.730 2.200 2.600

21 0.910 1.070 1.220 1.630 1.980 2.420 3.000

22 1.050 1.220 1.300 1.850 2.230 2.680 3.400

23 1.190 1.370 1.450 2.080 2.480 3.000 3.770

24 1.330 1.520 1.650 2.300 2.750 3.320 3.990

25 1.450 1.710 2.000 2.450 2.900 3.520 4.230

Source: N.B.S. - Technical note 1030 December 1980.

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3. MEASUREMENTS AND TESTS FOR EXPORT GAS AT THE

INTERCONNECTION POINT

3.1. Gas Deliveries

To accurately measure the Gas after regasification entering into the Grid, a complete
measuring system is provided.
The metering system is located on the Terminal, and is built in accordance with the current
standards and requirements laid down by international and domestic legislation and EU
Directive 2004/22/EC on Measuring Instruments (MID) which are applicable to the fiscal
metering of natural gas. The MID was implemented in Italy by Legislative Decree No. 22
of 2 February 2007.

3.1.1. Volume Measurement

Exported Gas will be fiscally metered using ultrasonic meters with 100% backup.

3.1.2. Quality Measurement

Within practicable limits, the analyzer will perform a continuous measurement of the
defined components.

Two (2) on-line gas chromatograph systems (operating in duty/standby configuration) shall
be installed on the common export line downstream of the metering runs to verify that the
quality of the Gas exported into the Grid is in full compliance with the entry point
specifications. The system shall be self-calibrating and shall, by direct measurement or
by calculation, provide an accurate analysis of the composition of the export gas, its
density, Wobbe Index and Gross Calorific Value. The analysis cycle for each of the gas
chromatographs will be five (5) minutes.

Manual sampling points enable the verification of the NG composition in a laboratory

analyzer in case of a dispute or unavailability of the online analyzer.

In case of analyzer unavailability or malfunctioning, the flow meter will measure the flow
(see 3.1.3 below) based on the last available “good” data, which may be from up to 9 days
earlier (in accordance with the Operating Manual between SRG and OLT Offshore). For
longer unavailability periods, manual sampling will be used, in agreement with the parties
involved.

The gas chromatographs are in accordance with the requirements of SRG Network Code
(chapter 11 “Qualità del Gas”).
3.1.3. Flow Computers

Each fiscal metering stream will have dedicated digital flow computers which will
communicate with their respective flow meters over a Fieldbus interface and download
data received from the gas chromatographs and field instruments for continuous
calculation of the following:

 Volumetric flow rate;

 Volumetric flow totalization;
 Mass flow rate and totalization
 Flow direction;
 Total energy;
 Heat value calculation;
 Gas composition;
 Density (calculated in accordance with ISO 6976);
 Compressibility factor;
 Process temperature; and

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 Process pressure.

The flow computer will provide gas flow calculations at the “Reference Conditions” (as
provided by ISO 13443 - Pressure 101,325 kPa, Temperature 288,15 K (=15°C)). The
flow computer will use input from ultrasonic flow meters to measure pressure,
temperature and gas composition compressibility factor in accordance with ISO 12213.

3.1.4. Overall Accuracy of Measurement System

Overall uncertainty will meet ISO 5168 limits.

3.1.5. Fiscal Metering Supervisory System (EMMS)

Redundant EMMS will be provided for flow and gas quality data interface, acquisition,
management, storage and reporting. The EMMS will check and validate the gas
composition data coming from the analyzers.

3.1.6. Fiscal Metering of Fuel Gas Usage

Any fuel gas for use within the Terminal will be fiscally metered.

The fiscal metering systems will consist of two (2) parallel meter runs (2 x 100%) fitted with
measuring devices and in line with the Italian fiscal authority requirements.

3.1.7. Calibration

Calibration of the flow computers will be in compliance with SRG requirements.

4. INVENTORY BALANCING
Inventory balancing will be performed when necessary and under the authorization and requirements
of the Italian fiscal authority.

5. DEFINITIONS AND REFERRED STANDARDS

5.1. Acronyms list

API : American Petroleum Institute

ASTM : ASTM International - formerly American Society for Testing and Materials
ATG : Automatic tank gauge
ATT : Automatic tank thermometer
BOG : Boil-off gas
CCT : Closing Custody Transfer
CP/FP : Constant Pressure, Floating Piston – applies to gas sample cylinders
CTS : Custody Transfer System
CTMS : Custody Transfer Measurement System
EN : Euro Norm
ISO : International Standards Organization
FAT : Factory Acceptance Test – normally performed at the vendor’s factory
GCV : Gross Calorific Value
GPA : Gas Producers Association
EMC : Electromagnetic compatibility
GCU : Gas combustion unit

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GIIGNL : Groupe International des Importateurs de Gaz Naturel Liquefie

GNG : Gaseous natural gas
H2S : Hydrogen Sulphide
IACS : International Association of Classification Societies
IAPH : International Association of Ports and Harbours
ICS : International Chamber of Shipping
IEC : International Electrotechnical Commission
IGC Code : International Gas Carrier Code
IMO : International Maritime Organisation
ISGOTT : International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
MOLAS : Calculation Models Of LNG Ageing During Ship Transportation
MPMS : Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards
MSDS : Material safety data sheet
NBS : National Bureau of Statistics (US)
OBQ : On board quantity
OCT : Opening Custody Transfer
SAT : Site Acceptance Test – performed at the ship yard

5.2. List of latest referred Standards with full titles

Measurement

ISO 10976:2012 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids – Measurement of cargoes onboard

LNG carriers
ISO 5725-1 1994 Accuracy (Trueness and precision) of measurement methods and
results - Part 1: General Principles and definitions
ISO 18132-1 2011 Refrigerated hydrocarbon and non-petroleum based liquefied gaseous
fuels -- General requirements for automatic tank gauges -- Part 1:
Automatic tank gauges for liquefied natural gas on board marine carriers
and floating storage.
ISO 8311 :1989 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids – Calibration of membrane tanks
and independent prismatic tanks in ships – Physical measurement.
ISO 8943:2007 Refrigerated light hydrocarbon fluids -- Sampling of liquefied natural gas
-- Continuous and intermittent methods.
ISO 10715:1997 Natural gas – Sampling guidelines

Analysis

ISO 6326-4 Natural gas -- Determination of sulphur compounds -- Part 4: Gas

chromatographic method using a flame photometric detector for the
determination of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and sulphur-
containing oderants
N.B. – this standard has been revised by ISO 19739:2004 - see below
ISO 19739:2004 Natural gas – Determination of sulphur compounds using gas
chromatography
ISO 6974: ISO 6974 comprises 6 parts, parts 1 and 2 being guidelines and
measuring-system characteristics and statistics for processing of data,
parts 3 to 6 being the test methods.
ISO 6974-1:2001 BS EN ISO 6974-1:2001 Natural gas - Determination of composition with
defined uncertainty by gas chromatography. Guidelines for tailored
analysis

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ISO 6974-2:2002 BS EN ISO 6974-2:2002 Natural gas - Determination of composition with

defined uncertainty by gas chromatography. Measuring-system
characteristics and statistics for processing of data
ISO 6974-3:2001 BS EN ISO 6974-3:2001 Natural gas. - Determination of composition
with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography. Determination of
hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons
up to C8 using two packed columns
ISO 6974-4:2001 BS EN ISO 6974-4:2001 Natural gas - Determination of composition with
defined uncertainty by gas chromatography. Determination of nitrogen,
carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for a laboratory and
on-line measuring system using two columns
ISO 6974-5:2001 BS EN ISO 6974-5:2001 Natural gas - Determination of composition with
defined uncertainty by gas chromatography. Determination of nitrogen,
carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for a laboratory and
on-line process application using three columns
ISO 6974-6:2008 BS EN ISO 6974-6:2008 Natural gas - Determination of composition with
defined uncertainty by gas chromatography. Determination of hydrogen,
helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C8 hydrocarbons
using three capillary columns.
ISO 10715:1997 Natural gas - Sampling guidelines
UNI EN ISO 10715 Norma Italiana Gas Naturale – Linea guida per iI campionamento.
GPA 2261 – 2000 Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Gas
Chromatography
ASTM D1945 -03(2010) Standard Test Method For Analysis of Natural gas by Gas
Chromatography

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