PLC & SCADA

APPLICATIONS
(BE - 2008 Course)
 INDEX
Practical
Title of Experiment Page No.
No.
01 (a) Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF 3-6
operation.

01 (b) Performed delayed operation of lamp by using push 7-8

buttons
Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for
02 (a) ON/OFF operation 9-11

02 (b) Combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF 12-13

operation.

03 PLC based temperature sensing using RTD 13-14

04 15-16
PLC based thermal ON/OFF control
PLC interfaced with SCADA and Status read
05 17-19
/command transfer operation.

06 Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA 20-21

Alarm annunciation using SCADA.

07 22-23

08 Reporting and Trending in SCADA system 24-25

 Experiment no (1.A)

Title: Interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF operation.

Aim: To study interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for ON/OFF operation.

Equipments used: -

Sr. No. Software Used Hardware Used

1. RS-Linx -
2. RS- Logix Emulator -

Theory:

Introduction to plc:

Definition of PLC: PLC is a microprocessor based digital controller which performs

and controls many functions of many types and level of complexity.

Advantages of PLC:-

1) Lower cost: It performs more functions in less expensive packages.

2) Flexibility: In the past each electronically controlled power machine is required to

control each device. Now it is possible to control many devices by one PLC.

3) Speed of operation: Relay takes more time to operation. Speed of PLC is very fast
i.e scan time is very less.

4) Implementing changes and corrections: In PLC based system, program can be

changed easily within less time.
Disadvantages of PLC:-

1)Environmental conditions:Due to high temperature of environment at operating

station damages PLC.

2)Every technician or labour must know the PLC operation.

Machine control components and their symbols in ladder diagram:

1) Switches:

There are two fundamental uses for switches. First , switches are used for
operator input to send instructions to the control circuit. Second, switches may be
installed on the moving parts of machine to provide automatic to the control system.

2) Push button:

The most common switch is push button. It is widely used in automotive

and electronic equipment applications. There are two types of push buttons-the
momentary and maintained. The momentary push button is activated when the button
is pressed and deactivated when the button is released. The deactivation is done using
an internal spring. The maintained push button switch activates when pressed, but
remains activated when it is released. To deactivate it, it must be pressed second time.
For this reason, this type of switch is sometimes called a push-switch. The on /off
switches on desktop computers and laboratory oscilloscopes are maintained push
buttons. Contacts of switches can be of two types. these are normally open (N/O) and
normally closed(N/C).Whenever a switch is in its deactivated stage N/O contacts will
be opened and N/C contacts closed. There are no materials or electrical connection will
be different for different pairs.

3) Selector switches:

It is also known as rotary switch. An automobile ignition switch and

oscilloscopes vertical gain and horizontal time based switches are examples of this
switch. the top contacts are closed when the switch selector is turned to the left
position, open switch selector is selected and turned to the right. the bottom set of
contacts works exactly opposite. There are no electrical contacts between top and
bottom. In most cases we label selector positions as a same one on the panel.

4) Limit Switches:

Normally these switches are not operator accessible. They are activated
by moving parts on the machine. They are usually mechanical switches but can also be
light activated or magnetically operated (such as magnetic by stores and home security
system that sense windows have been opened).

5) Indicator Lamps:

All the control panels include lamps. They tell the operator when
power is applied to the machine and indicate the present operating status of the
machine. The light bulbs used in indicators are generally white; they are usually
colored with lenses. the colors are usually red, green etc, but the other colors are also
available. Red lamps are reserved for safety critical indicators. Green usually indicates
safe conditions and red usually indicate dangerous conditions. The other colors
indicate information not critical to the safe operation of the machine. In this case we
usually flash the lamp continuously on and off

PROCEDURE:

1. Start RS linx software.

2. Select ‘communication’.
3. In that, select configure driver.
4. If there is any driver in running stage, stop and delete that driver. Further as we are not interfacing
plc with software, select driver as ‘SLC 500 (DH-485) emulator driver’.
5. Select ‘add new’.
6. Then one window occur asking name of driver. It is by default ‘EMU500-1’ select ‘ok’.
7. Now one window asking station number select ’ 00’.
8. Select ‘ok’ and ‘close’.
9. Minimize RS-linx Software window.
10. Now start RS Logix micro English software.
11. Select’ New file’.
12. Select processer type as ‘Micrologix 1100 series B’.
13. Also select driver as ‘EMU500-1’.
14. Then select ‘OK’. Then window with rungs will appear.
15. Now construct the ladder dia. As shown in fig.
16. Then down load and save constructed program.
17. Select run to run the program.
18. Check output according to requirement.

Ladder diagram:
Conclusion:
 Experiment no.(1B)

Title: Performed delayed operation of lamp by using push buttons

Aim: To perform delayed operation of lamp by using push button.

Equipments used: -

Sr. No. Software Used Hardware Used

1. RS-Linx -
2. RS- Logix Emulator -

Theory:

There are mainly three types of timers used in PLC Programming as

Follows:

1] ON Delay Timer

2] OFF Delay Timer

3] Retentive Timer

1] On delay timer -

It is used to program a time delay before instruction becomes true. ON

Delay Timer is used when an action is to begin a specified time after input becomes
true , for example certain stages in manufacturing processes is expected to begin 30 sec
after input is received from limit switch, here 30 sec is nothing but the present value of
ON Delay Timer.

2] Off delay timer –

It is used to program a time to begin after the input goes false for
example external cooling fan or a motor which has to run all the time and it is expected
to turn off the fan or motor after 5 min when input is sensed by them. The 5 min is
nothing but OFF Delay Time.

3] Retentive timer –

It is used to reset accumulated value through power loss, process

change state or in rung from true to false. For example RTO is used to true running
time or motor for maintenance. The time is used to track accumulated value time the
motor has run. For example motor need maintenance 8 hrs (28800 sec).each time the
motor is turn off, the timer needs to remember motors total elapse time, next time
when the motor is turn on the timer will increase accumulated running time where it
left off .when the total accumulated running time has being reached, maintenance
reminder time will be off, same procedure repeats.

RESET instruction is used to preset accumulated value of a timer. It is used only in

retentive timer and not in ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ delay timer.

But we have two timers in Allen Bradley PLC.

1. TON=On delay timer

2. TOFF=Off delay timer

We have address rang for timer as

T4:0…….T4:255
Timer Element
Atimer instruction is one element .A timer element is made up of three
16-bit word
- Word zero contains three status bit, EN, TT and DN.
- Word one for preset value.
- Word two for accumulated value.

TON Timer
Table of status bit for TON timer

IN(Input) EN(Enable TT(timer DN(Done bit) Status

bit) timing bit)
1 1 1 0 Start
0 0 0 0 Stop
1 1 1 0 Restart
1 1 0 1 Complete
Table of status bits for TOFF timer

IN(Input) EN(Enable TT(timer DN(Done bit) Status

bit) timing bit)
1 1 0 1 Stop
0 0 1 1 Start
1 1 0 1 Stop
0 0 1 1 Restart
0 0 0 0 Complete

Procedure :-

Procedure is as same as Experiment no 1(a)

Ladder diagram:-

Conclusion:-
 Experiment no.2 (A)

Title: Multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF operation
Aim: To study multiple push button operation with delayed lamp for ON/OFF
operation.

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

Theory:

Push button:

The most common switch is push button. It is widely used in automotive

and electronic equipment applications. There are two types of push buttons-the
momentary and maintained. The momentary push button is activated when the button
is pressed and deactivated when the button is released. The deactivation is done using
an internal spring. The maintained push button switch activates when pressed, but
remains activated when it is released. To deactivate it, it must be pressed second time.
For this reason, this type of switch is sometimes called a push-switch. The on /off
switches on desktop computers and laboratory oscilloscopes are maintained push
buttons. Contacts of switches can be of two types. these are normally open (N/O) and
normally closed(N/C).Whenever a switch is in its deactivated stage N/O contacts will
be opened and N/C contacts closed. There are no materials or electrical connection will
be different for different pairs.
PROCEDURE:

1. Start RS linx software.

2. Select ‘communication’.
3. In that, select configure driver.
4. If there is any driver in running stage, stop and delete that driver. Further as we are not interfacing
plc with software, select driver as ‘SLC 500 (DH-485) emulator driver’.
5. Select ‘add new’.
6. Then one window occur asking name of driver. It is by default ‘EMU500-1’ select ‘ok’.
7. Now one window asking station number select ’ 00’.
8. Select ‘ok’ and ‘close’.
9. Minimize RS-linx Software window.
10. Now start RS Logix micro English software.
11. Select’ New file’.
12. Select processer type as ‘Micrologix 1100 series B’.
13. Also select driver as ‘EMU500-1’.
14. Then select ‘OK’. Then window with rungs will appear.
15. Now construct the ladder dia. As shown in fig.
16. Then down load and save constructed program.
17. Select run to run the program.
18. Check output according to requirement.

Conclusion:
 Experiment no.2 (B)
Title :- Combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.

Aim: To study combination of counter & timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.

Equipments used: -

Sr. No. Software Used Hardware Used

1. RS-Linx -
2. RS- Logix Emulator -

Theory :-

PLC Counter

There is two types of counter

1. Up Counter
2. Down Counter

1.Up Counter

Use the count-up instruction if you want a counter to increment one decimal value
each time it register a rung transition from false to true.
PROCEDURE:

1. Start RS linx software.

2. Select ‘communication’.
3. In that, select configure driver.
4. If there is any driver in running stage, stop and delete that driver. Further as we are not interfacing
plc with software, select driver as ‘SLC 500 (DH-485) emulator driver’.
5. Select ‘add new’.
6. Then one window occur asking name of driver. It is by default ‘EMU500-1’ select ‘ok’.
7. Now one window asking station number select ’ 00’.
8. Select ‘ok’ and ‘close’.
9. Minimize RS-linx Software window.
10. Now start RS Logix micro English software.
11. Select’ New file’.
12. Select processer type as ‘Micrologix 1100 series B’.
13. Also select driver as ‘EMU500-1’.
14. Then select ‘OK’. Then window with rungs will appear.
15. Now construct the ladder dia. As shown in fig.
16. Then down load and save constructed program.
17. Select run to run the program.
18. Check output according to requirement.
 `Experiment No:-3

Title: - PLC based temperature sensing using RTD

Aim: - To study PLC based temperature sensing using RTD

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

Theory/Explanation:-

When the auto button (I: 0.0/6) i.e. (B3:0/6) is selected and set point is given from
screen which is stored in N7:5 temp. Sensed by RTD is given to I/P and it is stored in
N7:1. Here we compare both the set point value and RTD value. When RTD value is
greater than set point heater (O: 0.0/7) is automatically become OFF and if the
temperature goes low heating automatically starts.

When manual button (I: 0.0/7) i.e. (B3:0/6) is selected there is no need to set point
value and heater will turn ON and OFF with the help of manual button only.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-
Conclusion:-
 Experiment No:-4

Title: - PLC based thermal ON/OFF control

Aim: - To study PLC based thermal ON/OFF control

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

Theory/Explanation:-

In this experiment I/P value (O:0./0.5) i.e. (B3:10/5) is ON when the temperature

Is less than or equal to 25 and the level is less than or equal to 10 at that time O/P value
(O:0/0.6) i.e. (B3:10/6) is OFF.

If level goes high that is greater than or equal to 75 but the temperature is less than
output value is ON but I/P value is still ON it will become OFF when temperature
become greater than or equal to 50.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-
Conclusion:-
 Experiment No:-5

Title: - PLC interfaced with SCADA and Status read /command transfer operation.

Aim: - To study PLC interfaced with SCADA and Status read /command transfer
operation.

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

v) SCADA software:-visualization

(Tm-600)

Theory/Explanation:-

When the button for the input (I:0.0/4) is pressed status of that corresponding I/P will
change to green colour and command for the same i.e. (I:0.0/4) “ON” is also visible.

If it is OFF status of that corresponding I/P will change to red colour and commend for
the same (I:0.0/4) “OFF” is also visible.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-
Conclusion:-
 Experiment No:-6

Title: - Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA

Aim: - To study Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

v) SCADA software:-visualization

(Tm-600)

Theory/Explanation:-

In this screen here we are able to read the parameter of PLC i.e. the value of the analog
input (I:1.0) and (I:1.1). These analog input are scaled and the scaled values are stored
in (N7:0) and (N7:1) which indicates the value of TT 101 and LT 101.

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-
Conclusion:-
 Experiment No:-7

Title: - Alarm annunciation using SCADA.

Aim: - To study Alarm annunciation using SCADA.

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

v) SCADA software:-visualization

(Tm-600)

Theory:-

One of the most important implementation of SCADA is alarm. The alarm has just two
digital status point with values alarm or normal. When the requirements of the alarm
are met they are activated. For example and a light glows. The attention of the SCADA
operation is drawn to the system which required to attention by the alarm. To alert the
SCADA operators along with the managers the text messages and Email are sending
along with the alarm activation.

When some of the variables in power station or substation are out of limit, the operator
gets corresponding alarm message. The operator receives alarm signal. By virtue of
fast experience and human reasoning, the control room operator determined cause of
trouble and takes appropriate follow-up action to ensure system security.

The knowledge of single alarm by themselves is often insufficient, and the operators
must be able to draw conclusions from knowing the status and the values of many
other variables. In the case of breaker status values, the operator are provided with
one-line display diagrams have graphic indications of breakers, bus bar, switches,
transformers etc. further, the breaker positions are shown so that a quick accurate
assessment of a switching action can be obtained by looking at the display.
To sound an alarm or to close the trip circuit of circuit-breaker so as to disconnect a
component during an abnormal condition in the component, which include over-load,
under-voltage, temperature rise, unbalanced load, reserve power, under-frequency,
short circuits etc.

Following table shown alarm indication in monitoring power system.

Monitored Quality Alarm indication and sounding

Voltages of buses Bus KV Above/Below limit
Load flow through lines MW,MVA,MVAR Above/Below limit
System frequency Above/Below target limit
Load MW,MVAR Above limit
Load shedding equipment Load/shed/load restore/Islanding
Generator unit MW,MVAR,KV above limit
Generator status ON/OFF line
Network transformer Temperature Above/Below limit
Tele-communication channel to RTU Normal/failure
Circuit- breaker status Open/Close
Protection relay communication Normal/failure
channel
Circuit- breaker (SF-6) Normal/Low pressure

Explanation:-

When water level goes low or high or temperature goes low or high the alarm will be
generated and the hooter i.e. (O: 0/11) should turn ON the alarm will be acknowledge
with the button Ack Alarm (B3:6/0)

SCADA SCREEN:-

Ladder Diagram:-
Conclusion:-
 Experiment No:-8

Title: - Reporting and Trending in SCADA system

Aim: - To study Reporting and Trending in SCADA system

PLC Configuration: - 1) B & R PLC ( )

2) I/O configuration: - i) Analog Channel I/P

ii) Analog Channel O/P

iii) Digital Channel I/P

iv) Digital Channel O/P

v) SCADA software:-visualization

(Tm-600)

Theory/Explanation:-

Trend display is the distributed control system equivalent of chart records. They are a
profile of a process variable showing changes that have been takes place over a period
of time.

The trend display information is valuable to the operator to observe the resent pattern
of operating history. It is valuable to the operator after an upset has occurred, allowing
him to determine which several inter-related variable was the 1st to be affected by the
changing conditions treads over larger periods (over a week or more) can be saved on
floppy disk, storage & displayed when required. The fig. show trend for the
temperature and level. When we touch on any of the temperature indicator block then
this trends window will pop up. In some displays, several trend graphs can be
displayed at once allowing comprising of the history of several variables.

SCADA SCREEN:-
Ladder Diagram:-

Conclusion:-