Centrifugal Casting

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
Centrifugal casting is a process that delivers castings of very high material

soundness, and thus is the technology of choice for applications like jet engine
compressor cases, petrochemical furnace tubes, many military products, and other
high-reliability applications.
Applications
 Bearings for machines
 Pipes
 Liners for IC engines

 Rings and other annular components
 Wheels nozzles and similar parts.
The types of centrifugal castings are
1) True centrifugal casting

2) Semi centrifugal casting
TRUE CENTRIFUGAL CASTING
The manufacturing process of centrifugal casting is a metal casting technique that uses the forces
generated by centripetal acceleration to distribute the molten material in the mold.
Centrifugal casting has many applications in manufacturing industry today.
Cast parts manufactured in industry include various pipes and tubes, such as sewage pipes, gas pipes,
and water supply lines, also bushings, rings, the liner for engine cylinders, brake drums, and street lamp
posts.
The molds used in true centrifugal casting manufacture are round, and are typically made of iron, steel,
or graphite. Some sort of refractory lining or sand may be used for the inner surface of the mold.
PROCESS
 Molten metal is poured into the spinning mold cavity and the metal is held against thewall of th
e mold by centrifugal force
 The speed of rotation and metal pouring rate vary with the alloy and size and shape being cast.
 The inner shape will remain cylindrical because the molten metal is uniformly distributed by cen
trifugal forces.
 In true centrifugal casting, without a central core, the metal solidifies from the outsidetoward th
e center (axis) of rotation in most cases considering the length to diameter ratio
 The true centrifugal casting is spun about its own axis, has no central core, and thecooling takes
place from the periphery toward the central axis.
 In true centrifugal casting, the important consideration is that the cooling takes place inonly one
direction, from the outside toward the center of rotation.
 Essentially cylindrical in shape which is produced without a center core and in which the
direction of solidification is from the outside of the casting towards the axis of rotation.
APPLICATION
 Can produce to be hollow cylindrical parts, such as pipes, tubes, bushings, and rings.
 Outside shape of casting can be round, octagonal, hexagonal, etc but inside shape is(theoreticall
y) perfectly round due to radially symmetric forces.
ADVANTAGES
1.The mould surface can be shaped so that pipes with various outer shapes can be made.
2.The mechanical properties are nearly equal in all directions.
DISADVANTAGES
1.Since no gates and risers are used, the yield or ratio of casting weight-to-weight of metals high.
2.The speed of rotation and metal pouring rate vary with the alloy and size and shape being cast.
Semi-centrifugal casting
This is also similar to the true centrifugal casting but there is a modification in it.
These castings consist of a central core. Semi centrifugal casting is employed for
casting gear blanks, sheaves, and wheels etc. low spinning speeds can be used speeds
ranging between 180 to 200 RPM is recommended. These castings are normally
prepared in vertical machines. The mold cavity is arranged with in the mold so that its
central axis is vertical and concentric with the axis of rotation. Gating system is
employed in the casting for having a directional solidification.
Forming process where parts with

axial symmetry is cast in a rotating
mold for achieving a good fill and
reduce defects.
The process
A mold with axial symmetry rotated at high speed while the melt is supplied through an opening
located in the mold vertical rotation axis. The rotation creates centrifugal forces causing the melt to
push out toward the periphery of the mold. The centrifugal force allows gas bubbles and
contamination to be pushed to the central axis due to the differences in density.
Therefore the radial compressive force achieve greater density in the part's periphery and lower
around the center where the defects accumulate. This accumulation is often removed by removing
the finished part's center.
Advantages
1) In this number of molds can be stacked together, one over the other can be fed by
a common central sprue in order to produce more than one casting at a time.
2) Similar to true centrifugal casting it ensures purity and density of the product
poorer structure forms the center of the casting so this can be machined off.
Disadvantages
 Limited design can be cast. It can cast only symmetrical shapes.

 High equipment or setup cost.
 It is not suitable for every metal.
 Higher maintenance required.
 High skill operator required.
 In this casting process, solidification time and temperature distribution is difficult to determine.
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CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

Centrifugal casting is a process that delivers castings of very high material

 Bearings for machines

 Liners for IC engines

 Wheels nozzles and similar parts.

The types of centrifugal castings are

1) True centrifugal casting

TRUE CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

Centrifugal casting has many applications in manufacturing industry today.

2.The mechanical properties are nearly equal in all directions.

Forming process where parts with

 Limited design can be cast. It can cast only symmetrical shapes.

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