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    Ornamentation PDF

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    frank orozco
    This document defines and provides examples of various types of ornamentation in music, including anticipations, appoggiaturas, escape tones, gruppettos, grace notes, mordents, neighbor tones, passing tones, retardations, suspensions, and trills. Each type is introduced with a definition and musical notation example to illustrate how it is notated and performed. The document provides a concise overview of common ornamentation techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ornamentation PDF

    Uploaded by

    frank orozco
    55 views4 pages
    This document defines and provides examples of various types of ornamentation in music, including anticipations, appoggiaturas, escape tones, gruppettos, grace notes, mordents, neighbor tones, passing tones, retardations, suspensions, and trills. Each type is introduced with a definition and musical notation example to illustrate how it is notated and performed. The document provides a concise overview of common ornamentation techniques.

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    This document defines and provides examples of various types of ornamentation in music, including anticipations, appoggiaturas, escape tones, gruppettos, grace notes, mordents, neighbor tones, passing tones, retardations, suspensions, and trills. Each type is introduced with a definition and musical notation example to illustrate how it is notated and performed. The document provides a concise overview of common ornamentation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views4 pages

    Ornamentation PDF

    Uploaded by

    frank orozco
    This document defines and provides examples of various types of ornamentation in music, including anticipations, appoggiaturas, escape tones, gruppettos, grace notes, mordents, neighbor tones, passing tones, retardations, suspensions, and trills. Each type is introduced with a definition and musical notation example to illustrate how it is notated and performed. The document provides a concise overview of common ornamentation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Ornamentation in Music

    Anticipation: An anticipation occurs when a note is played before the chord to


    which the note belongs and resolves when the "anticipated" chord is reached:

    Appoggiatura: a note preparatory to another or to a chord acting as an


    unprepared suspension. The appoggiatura is always played on the beat - the
    principal note follows. The duration of the appoggiatura in performance is
    determined by the note value of the principal note; for an undotted principal
    note, the appoggiatura, as performed, takes half its value - the principal takes
    the remainder; for a dotted principal note, the appoggiatura, as performed,
    takes two thirds its value - the principal takes the remainder. The appoggiatura
    is written as a grace note prefixed to a principal note and printed in small
    character, usually without the oblique stroke:

    This would be executed as follows:

    Escape Tone: An escape tone (ET) or echappée is a particular type of


    unaccented incomplete neighbor tone which is approached stepwise from a
    chord tone and resolved by a skip in the opposite direction back to the
    harmony:

    Ornamentation: Page 1
    Gruppetto (or Turn): The general shape of the turn is a sequence of four notes,
    the note above, the note itself, the note below, then the note itself again.

    Grace Note: A form of appoggiatura, the 'grace note' is played either just
    before the beat resolving speedily to the principal note which is itself on the
    beat or is played on the beat but resolves speedily to the principal note which is
    accented. In all cases the 'grace note' is short.

    Mordent: a mordent is an ornament indicating that the note is to be played


    with a single rapid alternation with the note above or below. Like trills, they can
    be chromatically modified by a small flat, sharp or natural accidental. The
    upper mordent is indicated by a short squiggle, the lower mordent is the same
    with a short vertical line through it:

    Ornamentation: Page 2
    At a moderate tempo the marks above would be performed thus:

    Neighbor Tone: A neighbor tone or auxiliary note is a nonchord tone that passes
    stepwise from a chord tone directly above or below it (which frequently causes
    the neighbor tone to create dissonance with the chord) and resolves to the
    same chord tone:

    A neighboring tone that is a step higher than the surrounding chord tones is
    called an upper neighboring tone or an upper auxiliary note while a
    neighboring tone that is a step lower than the surrounding chord tones is a lower
    neighboring tone or lower auxiliary note.

    Passing Tone: A passing tone is a nonchord tone prepared by a chord tone a


    step above or below it and resolved by continuing in the same direction
    stepwise to the next chord tone (which is either part of the same chord or of the
    next chord in the harmonic progression):

    Ornamentation: Page 3
    Retardation: A retardation is similar to a suspension except that it resolves
    upward instead of downward:

    Suspension: A suspension occurs when the harmony shifts from one chord to
    another, but one or more notes of the first chord (the "Preparation") are either
    temporarily held over into or are played again against the second chord
    (against which they are nonchord tones called the "Suspension") before
    resolving to a chord tone stepwise (the "Resolution"). Note that the whole
    process is called a suspension as well as the specific non-chord tone(s).
    Suspensions may be further described using the number of the interval forming
    the suspension and its resolution; e.g. 4-3 suspension, 7-6 suspension, or 9-8
    suspension:

    Trills: The trill is a musical ornament consisting of a rapid alternation between two
    adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart. The usual way of executing a
    trill is to rapidly alternate between the note indicated and the note directly
    above it in the given scale (unless the trill indicates an accidental). Before
    Mozart, trills start on the pitch above the printed note. After Mozart, they start on
    the printed note and go up.

    Ornamentation: Page 4

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