UNIT-1 Locating and Clamping: S.Dharani Kumar
UNIT-1 Locating and Clamping: S.Dharani Kumar
UNIT-1 Locating and Clamping: S.Dharani Kumar
S.DHARANI KUMAR
Asst.professor
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Sri Eshwar college of Engineering
,Coimbatore.
Definitions
The position of workpiece should be accurate with respect to tool guiding in the
jig or setting elements in fixture.
FOOL PROOF: The design of jigs and fixtures should be such that it would not
permit the workpiece or the tool to inserted in any position other than the correct
one.
REDUCTION OF IDLE TIME
WEIGHT OF JIGS AND FIXTURES-It should be easy to handle, smaller in size
and low cost in regard to amount of material used without sacrificing rigidity and
stiffness.
JIGS PROVIDED WITH FEET: Jigs sometimes are provided with feet so that it
can be placed on the table of the machine.
MATERIALS FOR JIGS AND FIXTURES:
Cleanliness of machining process – Design must be such that not much time is
wasted in cleaning of scarfs, burrs, chips etc.
Provision for coolant – Provision should be there so that the tool is cooled and the
swarfs and chips are washed away.
Hardened surfaces – All locating and supporting surfaces should be
hardened materials as far as conditions permit so that they are not quickly
worn out and accuracy is retained.
Inserts and pads – Should always be riveted to those faces of the clamps
which will come in contact with finished surfaces of the work piece so that
they are not spoilt.
Initial location – Should be ensured that work piece is not located on more than
3 points in anyone plane test to avoid rocking, spring loading should be done.
Rigidity and stability – It should remain perfectly rigid and stable during
operation. Provision should be made for proper positioning and rigidly
holding the jigs and fixtures.
The each successive work piece when loaded and clamped will occupy
the same position in the jig or fixture.
Work holding device mainly depends on the nature of work piece and
requirement of the machining operation.
Principles of location
Redundant Locators
Six point Location Principles
Pin 1,2 and 3
for z-z axis translation
y-y axis rotation
x-x axis rotation
Pin 4 and 5
for y-y axis translation
z-z axis rotation
Pin 6
for x-x translation
3-2-1 Principle
FIGURE 27-4 Workpiece location is based on the 3-2-1 principle. Three points will define a
base surface, two points in a vertical plane will establish an end reference, and one point
in a third plane will positively locate most parts.
Principle of fool proofing
Principle of mutually perpendicular planes
•The "3-2-1" principle can
also be put as a work piece
may be fully located by
supporting it against three
points in one plane, two
points in second plane and
one point in a third plane.
• These three planes are not
parallel and are preferably
perpendicular to one another.
• If the locating surfaces are
not perpendicular to one
another, the difficulties will
arise
LOCATING METHODS AND DEVICES
Locators are those parts of a jigs or fixture which helps a work piece to
seat in proper position in it .
Adjustable
knob
Jig
Lock nut body
Prepared Compression Die
1.Fixed V-locator
bushes.
flanged type.
Nest or cavity Locators
Principles of Clamping
1. It is used to hold the work piece in the correct relative position .
2. The clamping pressure must only hold the work piece and should never be
great enough so as to damage, deform or change any dimensions of the work
piece.
3.The clamping and cutting forces should be directed towards the locating
pins, otherwise the work piece may get bent or forced away from the locating
pins during machining.
4. Clamping should be simple, quick and foolproof. Complicated clamps
lose their effectiveness as they wear.
8.Fiber pads should be riveted to the clamp faces, otherwise soft and fragile
work piece can get damaged.
10. The clamps should always be arranged directly above the points supporting
the work, otherwise the distortion of the work can occur.
Clamping pressure
Clamping pressure
Position of Clamping
Distortion During Clamping
Clamping Examples
Clamping Devices
1.Mechanical actuating clamps
Keyway
solid heel clamp
e. Edge clamp
3.Swinging latch clamp
4. Hinged clamps
a. Cam-operated clamp
c. Two way hinged clamp
5.Free ‘C’ clamp
a. Captive C-clamp
6.Cam actuated plate clamp
7. Wedge clamp
8.Quick acting nut
9.C-frame type toggle clamp
A.Pusher type toggle clamp
11. Bayonet clamp
12. Hook clamp
13.Equalising clamp
14.Hydraulic clamping
15.Air to hydraulic booster
Parts of Jigs and Fixture
• Base
• Buttons
• Pins
• Handles and knobs
• Lifting ring
• Stock section
• Press fit Bushes
• Renewable Bushes
• Slip Bushes
• Linear Bushes
• Threaded Fasteners
Parts of Jigs and Fixture
• Base
• Buttons
• Pins
• Handles and knobs
• Lifting ring
• Stock section
• Press fit Bushes
• Renewable Bushes
• Slip Bushes
• Linear Bushes
• Threaded Fasteners
Base
Buttons
Pins
Handles and knobs
Lifting ring
Stock section
Press fit Bushes
Renewable Bushes
Slip Bushes
Linear Bushes
Threaded Fasteners