Tugas Personal 1

Lohansen - 2101715713

1. Anda membeli 1 botol soft drink di Supermarket. Jelaskan tahapan rantai pasokan saat
anda membeli soft drink di supermarket!
When someone purchases an item or in this case buys 1 bottle of soft drink at the
Supermarket, it can be said that there has been a Customer Order Cycle in the process.

The customer order cycle occurs between the customer and the retailer and includes all
processes directly involved in the execution of the user's order. Generally, customers
initiate this cycle. The main function of the retailer of this cycle is the fulfillment of user
needs. The interaction between the retailer and the customer begins when the customer
approaches or contacts the retailer and ends when the customer receives the desired item

The processes that occur in the customer order cycle include:

a. Customer arrival
In this phase of customer arrival, consumers come to the supermarket and look at the
goods they want to buy, in this case the consumer will go to the soft-drink section to
see which soft drinks to buy.

b. Customer order entry

The second phase is the Customer order entry phase, where consumers have chosen
and determined which soft drinks to buy. What needs to be considered in this phase is,
the process must be fast, accurate and can be communicated between stores and
customers. Retail companies must manage so that the layout of the position of goods
can be easily reached by consumers, and must have a diverse stock of products and
brands so that consumers get more freedom in determining their consumption.

c. Customer order fulfillment

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 In this phase the customer "gets" the goods he wants. "Getting" here is if in the
Supermarket, customers can immediately get the desired item on the shelves of
goods, or when it is not on the store shelves, store employees take the desired items in
the store warehouse. Noteworthy here is the store, the supermarket must be able to
ensure that the goods ordered by the customer are in accordance with what is desired.
The main problem in this phase is the availability of goods in the warehouse
inventory of goods, therefore, always update information on availability of goods.

d. Customer order receiving

In this receiving customer order phase, consumers get goods that are in accordance
with their wishes or that they have ordered.

2. Ambil 1 perusahaan yang telah berhasil menerapakan rantai pasokan dan berikan analisa
anda terkait kesuksesan perusahaan tersebut dalam menerapkan rantai pasokan!
Carrefour has been in Indonesia since 1996, its first outlet is in Cempaka Putih which was
founded in October 1998. Carrefour is the second largest retailer in the world today.

CT Corp is a 100 percent shareholder of Carrefour. Chairil Tanjung is the CEO of CT

corp. Carrefour have a certain concept to regulate warehousing or manage the stock of
goods to be placed in its outlets. Because Carrefour does not produce anything, so
Carrefour will remain focused on how to manage stock so that all goods remain available
at existing outlets, and goods are not damaged by time.

Carrefour uses an application called InfoLog. InfoLog is a special application for the
supply chain and is able to run a Warehouse Management System. With InfoLog,
everything can be integrated. In addition, this system facilitates carrefour collaboration
with suppliers.

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The supply chain built by Carrefour is based on the calculation of the level of
optimization from the factory or supplier to the store shelves. This requires analysis of
each type of product and supplier supply chain. The method used by Carrefour for SCM
is by applying a just-in-time (JIT) process at a distribution center (DC), called Cross
Dock. The goal is to streamline the process so that no stock is needed at the distribution
center. So when the supplier ships the goods today to DC Carrefour at Pondok Ungu and
Lebak Bulus, the next day the goods are sent to the outlets. In short, the Cross Dock
method allows the process to be more transparent in product distribution because there
are no degraded products in the warehouse.

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 For example, if a store usually receives 30 different trucks, now it is enough to accept
only 5 trucks. So, suppliers can send to DC Carrefour. Furthermore, the goods from
various suppliers will be sorted according to the demand of the outlets. For example, now
a truck that comes to Carrefour Ratu Plaza outlets, only needs to bring products that are
specifically needed by the outlet.

The supply chain developed by Carrefour is not only based on the physical movement of
the product, but also takes into account the flow of information. It also considers
simplifying documentation for billing from suppliers and payment by Carrefour.
Understandably, the success of the supply chain in retailers is largely determined by the
flow of information from outlets to suppliers, and vice versa, accompanied by
synchronization of data from both parties.

Carrefour develops the Central Order Pool (COP), where the ordering process is carried
out automatically and centrally based on the position of the stock at the outlet and other
parameters. To order goods with all suppliers, Carrefour uses the Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) system. If the order has been received, the supplier can accept it via
the Web. There are also suppliers who have integrated it with their ERP systems. Next,
they deliver the order to the factory, then the goods are sent to DC Carrefour.
Now, considering that the key to success or the backbone of the centralized order process
is the accuracy of stock data at Carrefour's outlets and distribution centers, Carrefour
implements a cycle count process (aka stock counting using sampling every day). That
way, data accuracy at the distribution center is claimed to be almost always 100%, despite
managing tens of thousands of types of products.

3. Berikan penjelasan strategi rantai pasokan yang diterapkan oleh Walmart!

Over the past twenty years, Walmart has become the world’s largest and arguably most
powerful retailer with the highest sales per square foot, inventory turnover, and operating
profit of any discount retailer. You only have to look at Walmart stock history stats to see
the success and influence it has had in the retail space. In its transition from regional

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retailer to global powerhouse, the organization has become synonymous with the concept
of successful supply chain management.

Walmart began with the goal to provide customers with the goods they wanted, whenever
and wherever they wanted them. The company then focused on developing cost structures
that allowed it to offer everyday low pricing. Next, Walmart concentrated on developing
a more highly structured and advanced supply chain management strategy to exploit and
enhance this competitive advantage and assume market leadership position.
Fewer links in the supply chain

Even in its early years, Walmart’s supply chain management contributed to its success.
Walmart’s supply chain innovation began with the company removing a few of the
chain’s links, right from the very beginning. Founder Sam Walton, who owned several
Ben Franklin franchise stores before opening the first Walmart in Rogers, Arkansas in
1962, selectively purchased bulk merchandise and transported it directly to his stores.
Later, in the 1980s, Walmart began working directly with manufacturers to cut costs and
more efficiently manage the supply chain.

Under a Walmart’s supply chain initiative – called Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) –
manufacturers became responsible for managing their products in Walmart’s warehouses.
As a result, Walmart was able to expect close to 100% order fulfillment on merchandise.
In 1989, Walmart was named Retailer of the Decade, with distribution costs estimated at
a mere 1.7% of its cost of sales – far superior to competitors like Kmart (3.5%) and Sears
(5%). The company’s supply chain has only become more effective since then.

Walmart has long practiced strategic sourcing to find products at the best price from
suppliers who are in a position to ensure they can meet demand. The company then
establishes strategic partnerships with most of their vendors, offering them the potential
for long-term and high volume purchases in exchange for the lowest possible prices.

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 Furthermore, Walmart streamlined supply chain management by constructing
communication and relationship networks with suppliers to improve material flow with
lower inventories. The network of global suppliers, warehouses, and retail stores has been
described as behaving almost like a single firm.

Cross-docking is a logistics practice that is the center piece of Walmart’s strategy to

replenish inventory efficiently. It means the direct transfer of products from inbound or
outbound truck trailers without the need for extra storage, by unloading items from an
incoming semi-trailer truck or railroad car and loading these materials directly into
outbound trucks, trailers, or rail cars (and vice versa), with no storage in between.

Suppliers have been delivering products to Walmart’s distribution centers where the
product is cross-docked and then delivered to Walmart stores. Cross-docking keeps
inventory and transportation costs down, reduces transportation time, and eliminates
inefficiencies.

Walmart’s truck fleet of drivers continuously deliver goods to distribution centers

(located an average 130 miles from the store), where they are stored, repackaged and
distributed without sitting in storage. Goods will cross from one loading dock to another,
usually in 24 hours or less, and company trucks that would otherwise return empty
“backhaul” unsold merchandise.
This strategy has reduced Walmart’s costs significantly, allowing the company to pass
those savings on to their customers with highly competitive pricing.

4. Jelaskan tahapan rantai pasokan di perusahaan!

a. Customer order cycle
The customer order cycle occurs between the customer and the retailer and includes
all processes directly involved in the execution of the user's order. Generally,
customers initiate this cycle. The main function of the retailer of this cycle is the
fulfillment of user needs. The interaction between the retailer and the customer begins

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 when the customer approaches or contacts the retailer and ends when the customer
receives the desired item

b. Replenishment cycle
Replenishment cycle occurs between retailers or distributors with all inventory-
related processes. This process is initiated when a retailer places an order with a
producer to fulfill future product needs. In this cycle, it usually starts in order to meet
customer needs, where the availability of goods in the warehouse inventory remains
little or even has run out altogether.

c. Manufacturing cycle
Manufacturing cycle occurs between distributors or producers with all processes
related to distributor or retailer stock inventory. This cycle is initiated by ordering
goods from distributors or retailers to producers, usually because of the patterns of
demand for goods. For example, in preparation for the Fasting Month or Religious
Holidays, the production of goods related to that month is increased.

d. Procurement cycle.
A procurement cycle occurs between the producer or supplier with all the processes
needed to ensure the availability of raw materials for the production of scheduled
products. The most important thing to note is that raw material suppliers must
synergize with the production schedule.

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