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    Notes 17

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    Raj
    1. Rearrange the transfer function into standard form and determine the poles and zeros. 2. Draw the magnitude plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 20 dB/decade slopes at each pole and zero location. 3. Draw the phase plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 45 degree/decade slopes within one decade of each pole and zero location.

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    Notes 17

    Uploaded by

    Raj
    28 views3 pages
    1. Rearrange the transfer function into standard form and determine the poles and zeros. 2. Draw the magnitude plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 20 dB/decade slopes at each pole and zero location. 3. Draw the phase plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 45 degree/decade slopes within one decade of each pole and zero location.

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    1. Rearrange the transfer function into standard form and determine the poles and zeros. 2. Draw the magnitude plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 20 dB/decade slopes at each pole and zero location. 3. Draw the phase plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 45 degree/decade slopes within one decade of each pole and zero location.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views3 pages

    Notes 17

    Uploaded by

    Raj
    1. Rearrange the transfer function into standard form and determine the poles and zeros. 2. Draw the magnitude plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 20 dB/decade slopes at each pole and zero location. 3. Draw the phase plot by starting at a value determined by the poles and zeros, and adding or subtracting 45 degree/decade slopes within one decade of each pole and zero location.

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    Procedural Steps to draw straight-line approximation of Bode Plots:

    (Note that a decade is a multiple of 10 – 1,10,100,1000,etc)


    1. Rearrange the equation into standard form:
    Kz1 z 2 L ( s + 1)( s + 1) L
    z1 z2
    H (s) =
    p1 p 2 L ( s + 1)( s + 1) L
    p1 p2

    where K, z1, z2, etc are all constant values.


    2. Determine the poles and zeros.
    Note: If there are more than one poles/zeros at the same break
    frequency(say there are r), just multiply the slope/phase changes by r.
    (ex. (1+s/10)2 => it is a negative zero(numerator) and so it will change
    the slope by 2*20dB/dec and have a 2*45oslope/dec.

    3. Draw the magnitude plot:


    a. Determine starting value:
    Case 1: No pole or zero at the origin:
     
    starting value = 20 log10(  Kz1 z2 L 
     p1 p2 L 
    Case 2: A pole or zero at the origin:
    • Pick a frequency value less than the lowest pole or zero
    value.
    • Plug in the frequency in the standard form equation
    above and take the magnitude. This value is for that
    frequency only. There is a constant slope going through
    this point. +20dB/dec slope if the location is a zero. -
    20dB/dec slope if the location is a pole.
    b. Begin at the starting point. Start with the slope (0 slope if a
    constant, +20dB/dec slope if zero at origin, -20dB/dec slope if
    pole at origin). From left to right, at each zero add +20dB/dec to
    the current slope and at each pole -20dB/dec. Continue through
    each frequency.
    4. Draw the phase plot:
    a. Determine the starting value:
    Case 1: No pole or zero at the origin:
    If constant>0 then starting value = 0o
    If constant<0 then starting value = ±180o
    Case 2: A pole or zero at the origin:
    starting value = +90o if zero at origin
    starting value = -90o if pole at origin
    b. Label each range of frequency according to the
    following(suggest putting on graph):
    zero => from 1 decade before frequency to 1 decade after
    frequency: +45oslope/dec
    pole => from 1 decade before frequency to 1 decade after
    frequency: -45oslope/dec
    (eg if ω=10 and is a pole then range is 1<ω<100 with a slope
    of -45oslope/dec)
    c. Look at each frequency range that has a slope. Add all slopes
    within that region. From left to right: start with starting value
    and slope of 0, continue until first region of change. Add all
    slopes within that region. Continue until the end is met. If no
    slope during a region the slope is constant (0).

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