Cessna 152 Training Notes For DGCA Prep
Cessna 152 Training Notes For DGCA Prep
Cessna 152 Training Notes For DGCA Prep
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CESSNA 152
STUDY MATERIAL.
Compiled by,
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1. Section 1 - GENERAL.
a. Isopropyl alcohol 1%
b. EGME .15%
4. Static RPM range 2280-2380 rpm. (carb. heat off and mixture leaned)
Forward: 31.0 inch aft of datum at 1350 lbs or less with straight line variation to 32.65 inch aft
of datum at 1670lbs.
SECTION 2 - LIMITATION.
8. Continous inverted flight are not permited because the gravity fuel system and
conventional carburator will not permit continous engine operation.
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9. Power off dives can produce undiserable engine/propeller roughness, which is also
characterstic at speeds above 130 kt.
Flap up : +6 g to -3g.
12. Take off has not been demonstrated with less than 2 gallons of fuel.
15. Emergency door release - unlatch door and pull the 'D' ring.
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c. Move control wheel briskly forward to break stall.
17. A caliberation card must be provided to indicate the accuracy of magnetic compass in 30
deg. increment.
18. The a/c is equipped with alternator and negative ground system on 24 volt DC.
KCAS KIAS
To make it easy....
Airspeed, Mixture, Fuel shutoff valve, Ignition switch, Wing flap, Master switch.
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To make it easy....
Airspeed, Carb heat, Primer, Fuel shutoff valve, Mixture, Ignition switch.
To make it easy....
Seats belts harness, Airspeed, Mixture, Fuel shutoff valve, Ignition switch, wing flaps, Master
switch, Doors, Touchdown, Breaks.
To make it easy....
Seats belts harness, Airspeed, Wing flaps, Selected field, Radio and Electrical switches, Wing
flaps, Airspeed, Master switch, Doors, Touchdown, Ignition switch, Breaks.
To make it easy.....
26. Ditching.
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27. Fire during start on ground.
Continue Cranking, to get a start which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through
the carburetor and into the engine.
IF engine starts . power 1700rpm for few min., engine shutdown and inspect.
Mixture, Fuel shutoff valve, Master switch, Cain heat, Airspeed, Forced ldg.
To make it easy....
33. If carb heat is used continously, lean the mixture for max. rpm.
34. Higher stall speed is caused by 1/4 th of ice accumulation on wing leading edge.
36. Ammeter shows excessive rate of charge (full scale deflection)- Electrical power supply
malfunction or over voltage sensor malfunction.
Action- alternator off, circuit breakers pulled, non essential equipment turn off and floght
terminated as soon as practical.
37. Illumination of low voltage lights occur at low rpm (such as low rpm taxi). It shows that
ammeter is discharging .
ACTIONS- radio off, alternator circuit breker in, master switch off (both sides), master switch
on, low voltage lights check off, radios on.
If low voltage light illuminates again- alternator off, non essential radio and electrical
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equipment off, flight terminate.
39. Landing without elevator control is by trim for horizontal flight and by throttle and
elevator trim control, with an airspeed of approx. 55KIAS and flaps lower to 20deg. At flare
out set the trim at the nose up position and adjust power and wings level.
41. A vaccum system failure during flight(if electric standby vaccum pump not installed) the
direction gyro indicator and attitude indicator is disabled and pilot have to rely on turn
co-ordinator and turn and bank indicator.
42. Turn coordinator and turn and bank indicator are electrically powered and mechanically
driven.
43. Execute a 180 deg. turn in case of inadvertantly entering the clouds.
44. In clouds avoid overcontrolling by keeping the hands off the control wheel as much as
pissible and steer only with rudder by monitoring turn co-ordinator.
45. To guard against the spiral dive, choose an easterly or westerly heading to minimize
compass card swing due to changing bank angle.
46. While descending in clouds- apply full rich mixture, carb heat full on, 500-800 feet per min
descend, elevator trim adjusted for 70KIAS, hands off control wheel, monitor by turn
co-ordinator and rudder, check compass card movement.
47. A gradual loss in rpm and eventual engine roughness may result from formation of
carburetor ice.
48. To clear carb icing apply full throttle and carb heat knob full out.
49. For continous use of carburetor heat in cruise flight use min amount of heat to prevent ice
and lean the mixture for max rpm.
50. Engine roughness is caused by spark plug fouling. This may be checked by momentarily
turning the ignition from both to either left or right. An obvious power loss shows spark plug
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or magneto trouble. To check further for spark plug foul lean the mixture for cruise
flight, if the problem does not clear up in several min, enrich the mixture to see smoot
operation.
51. I ndication of low oil pressure for normal oil temperature- oil pressure guage or relief
valve malfunctioning.
52. Total loss of oil pressure with rise in oil temperature- Engune failure is imminent.
53. If the charging rate were to remain above the value on a long flight the battery would
overheat and evaporate the electrolyte.
54. The alternator controll unit includes an over voltage sensor, which automatically shuts
down the alternator if the charge voltage reaches approx. 31.5 volts.
56. A broken windshield causes peformance loss, which may be minimised by opening the
side window when the aeroplane is manouvered for landing.
Unlatch yhe door, pull the d ring, push door clear of airplane, release seat belt and
shoulder harness, bail out.
60. Location of mixture control- on the right side of the throttle on the control pannel.
61.Location of the suction guage and recomended suction- suction guage located on left side
of the instrument pannel and range 4.5-5.4 inch of Hg.
62. Nose wheel movement- 8.5deg on either side and 30deg max with brakes
63. To check the generator whether the battery is charging or not- load the system with
landing lights etc and watch the ammeter for charge.
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65. Under carriage- Tricycle type- made of spring stee.
66. Stall warning- pnuematic type- 5-10 kts before the actual stall.
67. Blockage of the fuel vent will cause- the engine to cut-off.
70. Location of gyro instruments- Left of the control column arrange one on top of other.
74. Electrical starter motor- mounted in front of the engine top left.
77. Fuel line quick drain valve- on bottom of fuselage near cabin door(on the right wing).
78. Engine should not be operated for less than 4 quarts of oil.
e. Landing without engine power- wing flap up- 65KIAS. wing plap down- 60KIAS.
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80. Speed for normal operations.
C. Landing Approach
d. Balked landing
81. Fuel strainer drain knob- fitted on the nose, should be pulled for at least 4 sec. to clear
strains of possible water if any.
83. Fuel tank sump quick drain valve- fitted on both the wing.
84. Pitot tube and stall warning on the leading edge of the left wing.
85. If ammeter shows two-third scale or more charge with engine running at 1000 rpm-
starter is engaged.
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86. Mixture rich below 3000 feet and lean above 3000 feet.
87. Magmetos should be checked at 1700 rpm and rpm drop should not exceed 125 rpm on
either magnetoor 50 rpm differential between magneto.
89. Weak intermittent firing followed by puff of black smoke from the exhaust at start
indication of over primming or flooding.
90. To check excess fuel- mixture idle cutt-off, throttle full open and crank the engine through
several operations with startes.
91. Oil pressure indicator should show pressure indications within 30 sec in summer and
about twice that long in cold weather.
92. During take off when carb heat knob is pulled out to the heat position, air entering the
engine is not filtered.
93. An absence of rpm drop may be an indication of faulty grounding of one side of the
ignition system or might be that magneto timing is set in advance.
94. To check for the ammeter working normal the electrical system on or wing flaps operated
at 1700 rpm to see for the ammeter remain within needle width.
96. 10 deg flaps reduces the total dist. over an obstacle approx. by 10%.
97. At take off 10deg flaps should not be cleared unless 60 KIAS speed is attained.
98. Normal flight are performed with flaps up and full throttle and speed 5-10 kts higher than
best rate of climb speed, for higher performanc.
100. To achieve the recommended lean mixture fuel consumption, the mixture should be
leaned untill engine rpm peaks and drops 10-25 rpm.
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101. The certified noise level for the model A 152 at 1670 lbs max. weight is 66.3 db.
102. Preheat is generally required with outside air temp. below -18deg cel(0deg F) and is
recommended when temp are below -7deg cel(20 deg F). Partial carb heat is avoided below
-18 deg cel as this may intimate icing condition range.
103. The mixture can be leaned for max. rpm below 3000 feet when using 75% or less power.
104. When balked landing wing flap setting should be reduced to 20deg immediately after full
power is applied.
105. When landing in strong cross wind minimum flap settting is required.
107. The aircraft is equipped with tricycle landing gear and designedd for utility purpose.
109. Four engine mount stringer are attached to the forward doorpost and extend forward to
the firewall.
111. Ailerons are conventional hinged to the trailing edge of the wings.
112. Horizontal stabilizer also contains the elevator trim tab actuator hinged to the right half.
113. The leading edge of both left and right elevator tips incorporate extensions which
contains balance weights.
114. The gyro instruments are arranged one above the other, slightly to the left of the control
collumn with low vaccum and low voltage warning lights between them.
115. To the left of gyro instruments are ASI & Turn Co-ordinator.
116. The Altimeter, VSI, Digital clock, Suction gaze and navigation instruments are above and
to the right of control collumn.
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117. The right side of the pannel contain the tachometer, ammeter, EGT, and additional
equipment such as flight hour recorder and accelerometer.
118. The fuel qantity indicator and engine instruments are on the left switch and control
pannel under the primary instrument pannel below the pilots control wheel.
119. The engine control, wing flap switch, standby vaccum pump switch, and cabin air and
heat control knob are to the right of the panel near the ceter of the switch and control
pannel.
120. Directly below the controls are the elevator trim control wheel, trim position indicator
microphone and circuit breaker.
121. A map compartment to the extreme right side of the switch & control pannel.
122. The aircraft must be towed by never turning the nose by more than 30deg on either side.
123. The minimum turning radius of the airplane by using deifferential braking and nose
wheel steering during taxi is 25 feet 1 inch.
124. The wing flaps are of single slat type with a max. deflection of 30deg. The wing flap
system is protected by a 15 amp-circuit breaker labelled FLAP near the center of the switch
and control pannel.
125. Shock Absorption- Main landing gear struts- tubularspring steel. Nose gear- Air/oil shock
stuts.
126. Each main landing gear is equipped with hydraulically actuated disc-type brake on
inbound side of each wheel. The landing gear is equipped with wheel fairing.
127. The pilot's and passengers seats are available in two design- four way and six way
adjustable.
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130. To lock the aircraft, set the aileron in nuetral position and the elevator slightly trailing
edge down position.
131. Proper installation of lock will place the flag over the ignition switch.
132. On front of engine-starter, belt driven alternator and an oil cooler. On the rear of the
engine- the magnetos, a full flow oil filter and vaccum pump.
133. The oil pressure gaze located on the left switch and control pannel. red-25psi,
green-60-90psi, red-115psi.
134. The oil temp and gaze on the left switch and control pannel, operated by an electrical
resistance type temp. sensor recieve power from a/c electrical system. Green- 100deg F(38deg
cel) - 245 deg F(118 deg cel). Red- 245 deg F(118 deg cel.)
135. The engine driven tachometer , calliberation in increment of 100 rpm, is located on near
the upper center portion of the instrument pannel. It indicates both engine and propeller
speed.
136. Flight hour recorder records elapsed engine time in hours and tenths.
137. The upper end of tachometer in green arc is stepped to indicate approx rpm for 75%
engine power at sea level(2350 rpm) at 4000ft. (2450 rpm) & at 8000ft. (2550 rpm).
138. Economy mixture(EGT) indicator- located on the right side of the instrumental panel. It
varies with fuel to air ratio power & rpm.
139. The cruising should be accomplished at 75% power as much as practicable untill a total
of 50 hrs has accumulated or oil consumption has establised.
140. Oil is drawn from the sump(capacity 6 quarts) through an oil suction strainer screen into
the engine driven oil pump- thermostatically controlled by pass valve.
141. Oil filler cap/oil dipstick on the rear of the engine on the right side.
142. Engine ignition is provided by two engine driven magnetos which are driven by spark
plugs in each cylinder.
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The right magneto fires the lower right and upper left spark plug nd the left magneto fires the
lower left and upper right spark plugs.
144. Use of full carburetor heat at full throttle will result in a loss of approx- 150rpm.
145. Heated air from the shroud is obtained from the unfiltered outside source.
146. The engine is equiped with an up-draft, float type, fixed jet carburetor mounted on th
bottom of the engine.
147. The primes draws fuel from fuel strainer when pulled out and injects it to the cylinder intake
part when pushed in.
148. To lock the primer knob must be rotated either right or left.
149. There are two intake opening for the ram air to enter, in front of the engine cawling.
150. The a/c has two bladed, fixed pitch, one piece forged alluminium alloy propeller which is
anodized.
Wing tank--> fuel shutoff valve-->through strainer--> carburetor(fuel air mixed)--> through intake
manifold tubes--> cylinders.
152. The left tank is vented and the right fuel tank filler cap is also vented.
153. Fuel quantity is measurd by two-float type fuel quantity trnsmitter(one on each tank) and
indicative by two electrically operated fuel quantity indicator on the lower left portion of the
instrument pannel. An empty tank indicate a red line and letter 'E' (approx .75 gal remain in
either tank).
154. The aircraft has single disc, hydraullically actuated brake on each main landing gear wheel. If
one brake become weak or fails use the other brake sparingly while using opposite rudder.
155. The aircraft is equiped with 28 volt d.c. electrical system which uses 24 volt battery
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mounted on the right forward side of the firewall & a belt driven 60 amp. alternator to maintain
the battery state of charge.
156. The flight hour recorder recieves power through activation of oil pressure switch whenever
the engine is operating.
157. The master switch is split-rocker type labelled MASTER and is on in the up position and off in
down position. The right half is labelled battery controls electrical power and the left half is
labelled ALT controls the alternator.
158. Indication of low voltage warning light and ammeter discharge- low rpm with electrical load
on the system.
160. Circuit breaker protecting the alternator and radio cooling fan/strobe lights circuit are the
pull-off type.
161. Clock circuit & flight hour recorder circuit are protected by fuses mounted adjacent to the
battery.
162. All external lights are controlled by rocker switches on the left switch and control pannel.
163. The flashing beacon should not be used when flying through clouds or overcast and
particularly during night as they can produce vertigo & loss of orientation.
164. Flood lights consists of a single red flood light in the forward part of the overhead console
used by rotating the panel. LT rheostat control knob clockwise for the desired intensity.
165. Light intensity of the radio lighting is controlled by the radio LT rheostat control knob.
166. Door past map light- left forward doorpast , up red, center off, bottom white, intensity
control by rheostat control knob.
167. For cabin ventilation- Cabin air knob out. For cabin air temperature- cabin heat knob out.
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Additional air ventillation may be obtain by adjusting ventilators near the upper left and right corner
of the windshield.
168. Ram air pressure- ASI (pitot static system). Static Pressure- ASI, VSI, Altimeter.
169. A heated element in the pitot tube is operated by pitot heat on the left switch & control pannel,
protected by 15 amp circuit breaker.
172. Vaccum system is engine driven and operate the AI and direction indicator.
173. Attitude indicator are index marked at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 deg on either side of the center mark.
Pitch and Roll attitude are presented by a miniature a/c superimposed over a symbolic horizon area
having sky blue and ground white.
174. Due to low atmospheric pressure at higher altitude suction gaze indicatee as low as 4 hg. at
20000 feet.
175. A wick type static discharger is recommended to improve radio communication during dust or
various types of precipitation.
177. Static dischargers lose their effectiveness with age and should be checked periodically, generally
the wick should be replaced every two year.
178. A portable dry chemical fire extinguisher( sodium bicarbonate) is on the right cabin wall.
179. The extinguisher has an under water laborateries classification of 5 B-C. approximately eight
seconds of discharge duration.
181. The serial no., model no., production certificate no., and type certificate no. is found on the
Idealification plate on left rearward of left pilot seat.
182. The finish and trim plate (a code describing the enterior scheme & trim plate) is adjacent to the
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Identification Plate.
c. Equipment form.
a. Airplane logbook.
b. Engine logbook.
186. In addition to Annual Inspection a/c operator commercial must have a complete inspection after
every 100 hrs of operation.
187. The Cessna Progressive Care has four operations which are recycled each 200 hrs & are recorded
in specially provided a/c inspection logbook on each operation conducted.
188. The tow bar is stored on the flier in the baggage area.
190. Do not set the parking brakes during cold weather, when accumulated moisture may freeze the
brakes or when the brakes are overheated.
191. Tie down ropes or chain should have tensile strength of 700 lbs.
192. Jack pads incorporated in the main landing gear. Both landing gear must not be jacked
simultaneously using the individual main gear jack pods.
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193. The nose wheel may be raised off the ground by pressing down the tailcone bulkhead just ahead
of the horizontal stabiliser. (do not apply pressur on the elavator or outboard A
194. Leveling screws are located at stations 94-63, and 132.94on the left side of tail cone.
195. Non operational storage for max 30 days after 30 days flown for 30 min or ground run up should
be made to produce an oil temp within green arc.
196. The propeller should be rotated by hand through five revolutions every 7 days due operational or
flyable storage to limber the oil and prevent corrosion.
-1 deg cel (30 deg far) to 32 deg cel (90 deg far) SAE 40.
-18 deg cel(0 deg far) to 21 deg cel (70 deg far) SAE 30.
198. The introduction of alcohol or EGME into fuel produces two distinct effect-
199. Isopropyl alcohol with max water content exceed 0.4% by volume must be used such as anti-icing
fluid( MIL-F-5566).
200. Excess of EGME (greater than .15% by volume) will result in detrimental effect to fuel tanks. such
as- (i) detoriation of protective primer and seal. (ii) damage to o-ring and seal in fuel system.
201. Prolonged storage of the airplane will result in water build up in the fuel.
202. Nose wheel tyre pressure- 30psi on 5.00-5.4 ply rated. Main wheel tyre pressure- 29 psi on
15*6.00-6.4 ply rated 21 psi on 6.00-6.4 ply rated tyres.
203. Nose gear shock struts- filled with MIL-H-5606 hydraullic fluid and with no load on struts inflate
with air to 20 psi.
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205. The digital clock is astro tech LC-2 quartz chronometer type with four digit LCD. The back light is
controlled by RADIO LT rheostat.
206. Just before connecting an external power the master switch should be turned on.
207. If the ammeter does not shows charge or the low-voltage warning light does not go off, the
battery should be removed from the airplane and be properly serviced prior to flight.
208. Strobe light is protected by a 5 amp'pull-off' type circuit breaker labelled strobe radio fan on the
right switch and controll pannel.
209. Strobe lights should be turned off when taxing in the vicinity of airplane or during night flight
through clouds fog or haze.
210. The ELT is activated by an impact of 5g or more. It provides SOS transmission upto 100 miles at
10000 feet. It trnsmitts distress frequency at 75 mw rated power approx for 48 continous hours in
temp range of -4 deg far to 131 deg far.
211. ELT can be Identified as bright orange unit behind the baggage compartment.
213. In auto position ELT gets activated by an impact of 5g or more within a short period of time.
214. Satisfactorily engine cooling has been demonstrated OAT 23 deg cel above standard.
215. During taxi strong quartering tail wind require caution- Avoid sudden burst of throttle and sharp
braking, use the steerable nose wheel and rudder to maintain drift.
216. Tail wind increases by 10% for each increase in 9 kts. Head wind increases by 10 % for each
decreases of 9 kts.
For the approximate of effect of a non standard temp is to increase the time fuel and distance by 10%
for each 10 deg cel above standard fuel to climb standard temp.
SECTION 2- LIMITATIONS.
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SECTION 4- NORMAL PROCEDURES.
SECTION 5- PERFORMANCE.
SECTION 9- SUPPLEMENTS.
218. Engine:
Description- Normally aspirated, direct drive, air cooled, horizontally opposed, carburetor equipped,
four cylinder engine with 233.3 cu in displacement. 108 rated BHP with 2550 rpm.
220. Weight-
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