DC TO DC BUCK BOOST

CONVERTER
A
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

ELECTRICAL & ELCTRONICS ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

Prashant Kumar Singh

(University Roll No.1328421028)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Er. SWAROOP MALLICK

Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNITED INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ALLAHABAD-211010 (U.P.), INDIA
APRIL 2016
 MINOR PROJECT
NEN – 653
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

United Institute Of Technology, Naini, Allahabad

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
(formerly as Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow)

D-3, UPSIDC, Industrial Area, Naini, Allahabad-211010

Website: www.united.ac.in

Name : PRASHANT KUMAR SINGH

Roll No. : 1328421028

Branch/Sem. : EN/6TH

Session : Even 2015 -16

 STUDY AND EVALUATION SCHEME OF NEN-653
MINOR PROJECT

Total No. Of Periods : 2 Periods per week

SESSIONAL EVALUATION:
INTERNAL EVALUATION

PRESENTATION : 10 MARKS

TEACHER’S ASSESMENT : 10 MARKS

TOTAL INTERNAL MARKS : 20 MARKS

END SEMESTER EXAM : 30 MARKS

TOTAL MARKS : 50 MARKS

CREDIT : 1
 UNITED INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
ALLAHABAD

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the minor project entitled “DC TO DC BUCK BOOST

CONVERTER” is submitted by PRASHANT KUMAR SINGH in

partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology

in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from United Institute of

Technology, Allahabad has not been submitted elsewhere for the

award of any other degree.

Dated: 21st April, 2016 (Er. Swaroop Mallick)

Place: Allahabad ASST. PROFESSOR
(U.P Department of Electrical Engineering
United Institute of Technology
Allahabad-211010.)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel privileged to acknowledge my sincere gratitude to my guide Er. Swaroop Mallick, Asst.
Professor Electrical Engineering Department in United Institute of Technology, Allahabad,
for his inspiring guidance, supervision and help in completing this work. It has indeed been a
pleasure to work with him, the attention and time he could imparted to me despite his busy
schedule is worth mentioning for which, I remain thankful to him.
I am grateful to Er. Devesh Jaiswal, Asst. Prof., Electrical Engineering Department for his
time to time motivation.
I am also indebted to all the faculty members of Electrical Engineering Department to
provide me all the facilities and valuable suggestions whenever required.

I consider myself fortunate to have the motivation of Er. Swaroop Mallick

and my friends like VINAY KUMAR , RAM KRISHNA who have made valuable
contributions in the critical stages of day-to-day problems.
I consider myself extremely fortunate that I have blessings and encouragement of my father,
Mr. VINOD KUMAR SINGH throughout my life especially during my projects work. Lastly,
I owe a great deal to my mother, Mrs.INDRAWATI DEVI, for her patience and continual
support in complete course work, and I also like to extend the same to my dear
brother/sister/local guardian, DIPAK KUMAR, who sacrificed for my absence in daily life
for all these days.
Prashant Kumar Singh
University Roll No. 1328421028
Department of Electrical Engineering
United Institute Of Technology
Allahabad – 211010 (U.P.)
 ABSTRACT
Many existing and developing electrical and electronic technologies require

voltages of different levels supplied from a singular available source voltage

such as a battery. DC converters are devices designed specially for the purpose

of changing DC voltage levels efficiently. The converters are electronic devices

, it has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or less than the

input voltage magnitude. Rising energy intensity leads to a higher cost of

delivering power and low power density. Meanwhile, the demand for compact

power supplies grows significantly. It requires power supplies with high

efficiency, low cost and smaller size. In order to control the output Voltage of

the converter, the controller is designed to change the duty cycle of the

converter. In this converter IGBT switch is digitally controlled by PIC

microcontroller. In this work simulation and then hardware implementation is

done with results. The converter is mainly used, where load is very sensitive

(battery - powered products), it provides variation of _1% only.

KEYWORDS: DC-DC converter, IGBT, PIC microcontroller, Boost level

voltage, Buck level voltage.

 CONTENTS
TOPICS PAGE

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

List of Tables v

List of Figures vi

Notations & Abbreviations vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM REPRESENTATION

CHAPTER 3 THEORY

CHAPTER 4 SIMULINK MODEL WITH RESULT

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF THE MINOR PROJECT

REFERENCES

APPENDIX
 LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO. 1 10
TABLE NO. 2 11
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONVERTER 11

DC-DC CONVERTER SYSTEM 12

VOLTAGE WAVEFORM OF BUCK BOOST 13

CONVERTER

CURRENT ACROSS SWITCH AND CURRENT 13

THROUGH WAVEFORM OF BUCK BOOST
CONVERTER
 NOTATIONS

INPUT VOLTAGE

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

FD

SMPS

DRIVER CARD

FEEDBACK CARD

MICROCONTROLER

MODULATOR

DD- DC CONVERTER

CONTROLE SIGNAL

PSM SIGNAL

SET POINT
.
 INTRODUCTION
DC - DC converters are electronic devices which used whenever we want to

change DC electrical power efficiently from one voltage level to another. In

High frequency switching converters, semiconductor devices switch at a rate

that is fast compared to the variation of the input and output waveforms. High

frequency switching converters are used most often as interfaces between DC

systems of different voltage levels. These converters are known as high-

frequency DC - DC converters. They are used in the power supplies and other

electronic equipment. High frequency switching converters can also be used as

an interface between DC and AC systems. In the fields of electrical engineering

and applied physics, high voltage DC is required for several applications.

Such as electron microscopes, X-ray units require high DC voltages of the order

of 100 kV or more, electrostatic precipitator, particle accelerators in nuclear

physics and plasma research, railway coaches, drives, UPS system applications.

The converter is able to deliver output voltages both higher as well as lower

than (or even equal to) the input voltage, this is why it is referred to as a buck-

boost power converter. In many applications the input voltage can vary widely,

starting at full charge and gradually decreasing as the battery charge is used up.

At full charge, where the battery voltage may be higher than actually needed by

the circuit being powered, a buck mode would be ideal to keep the
supply voltage steady. However as the charge diminishes the input voltage falls

below the level required by the circuit, and either the battery must be discarded

or recharged at this point the ideal alternative would be the boost mode.

In this topology basically converter, flyback switched mode power supply is

used with multiple secondary for supply of microcontroller and driver card

operated at 25 kHz. IGBT is used as switch, operating at 6.4 kHz switching

frequency. The input range of this DC to DC converter is 90 V-132 V & output

range is 110 V, 50 A. IGBT switch is used in converter which is digitally

controlled by PIC microcontroller. This controller adjust duty ratio and provides

proper outp
 SYSTEM REPRESENTATION
If we consider the system as 5.5 kW converter, flyback switched mode power
supply is used with multiple secondary for supply of microcontroller and driver
card operated at 25 kHz. IGBT is used as switch, operating at 6.4 kHz
Switching frequency.

Fig.1 Block Diagram Of Converter

IGBT switch is used in converter which is digitally controlled by PIC

microcontroller. This controller adjust duty ratio and provides proper output. It
is a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) design, only thirty seven
instructions to remember. Its code is extremely efficient, allowing the PIC to
run with typically less program memory than its larger competitors with low
cost, high clock speed.
 THEORY
DC-DC CONVERTER SYSTEM
Basically, two inductors are used for feeding the load by two independent
switches. One inductor charges up by load voltages and another inductor
discharges its energy into load during this time. The output power is almost
doubled where the ripple voltage is reduced by factor of two when compared to
the conventional DC to DC converter. If the supply side matter is concern then
it includes Switched mode power supply and flyback converter with KA3524
SMPS controller. And according to the design parameters and results,
simulation is done for getting reference values for thehardware implement with
PIC Controller

Fig.2 DC-DC Converter System

 SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulation results are carried out considering parameters like switch
voltage, primary voltage, output current, output voltage and secondary
voltage of Buck Boost Converter. Here in Figures, Simulation results
are shown and according to this simulation result, reference values are
being obtained and according to this values hardware results can be
Obtained

Fig.3 Voltage Waveform Of Buck Boost Converter

Here in fig. 3, Voltage waveform of Buck Boost Converter is there
which is obtained according to the input parameters variation occurs.
If any change in input is there then the output voltage of Buck Boost
Converter changes.

Fig.4 Current Across Switch And Current Through Load Waveforms Of Buck Boost Converter
Here in Fig. 4, Parameters changes in load tends to change the
waveform of voltage and current across the switch of Buck-Boost
converter.
Basically in DC to DC Buck Boost Converter system, Fly back SMPS
is used to for power supply at certain frequency to supply voltage to
control circuitry and driver circuitry respectively. In control circuit
PIC 16F877A Controller is used and programming of this controller is
done. Input voltage range can be varied between 90V-132V, with
switching frequency around 6.4kh
 CONCLUSION
Rising energy density leads to higher cost of delivering power and
low power density. This Buck Boost Converter system is being
controlled by PIC Micro controller. High efficiency and low noise
across 110V load was obtained. Simulation and hardware
implementation can be easily done by interfacing with the PIC Micro
controller with ADC and PWM analysis. The high power quality
Buck Boost Converter is better solution for battery powered products.
 REFERENCE
1. M.Jahanmahin, A.Hajihossein1u, E.Afjei, M.mesbah, "Improved Configurations for Dc to
Dc Buck and Boost Converters", 2012 IEEE.
2. L Umanand, "Power Electronics Essentials & Applications", Academic Press 2009, ISBN
978-81-265-1945-3, (chapter 5 and chapter 7).
3. L Umanand, "Power Electronics Essentials & Applications", Academic Press 2009, ISBN
978-81-265-1945-3, (Appendix II & III).
4. Singh Khanchandani, "Power Electronics", Academic Press 2012, ISBN 0-07-058389-7,
(chapter 16).
5. Muhammad H. Rashid, "Power electronics handbook", Academic Press 2001, ISBN 0-12-
581650-2, (chapter 13).
6. Nasrudin Abd. Rahim, Ahmad Maliki Omar, "Ferrite core analysis for DC-DC yback
converter", TENCON 2000, Vol. 3.
7. Shikha Singh, G.Bhuvaneswari, Bhim Singh, "Multiple Output SMPS with Improved Input
Power Quality", Industrial and Information Systems
8. (ICIIS) 2010.
9. Sang Hee Kang, Hien Nguyen and Dragan, "E_ciency Characterization and Optimization
in Flyback DC-DC Converters", Energy Conversion
10. Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2010 IEEE.
11. Da Rocha Zimmermann, M.M. da Silva, A.S.G.Peeres, A. Deschamps, E., " PWM
Strategies for High-Voltage Isolated DC-to-DC Converter
for
12. Rectifier Systems" Telecommunications Conference, 2005. INTELEC '05. Twenty-
Seventh International.
13. Hartono Darmawaskita, "DC/DC Converter Controller Using a PICmicro
Microcontroller" Microchip Technology Inc, 2000.