THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

HOSUR ROAD , BOMMANAHALLI , BANGLORE-

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PRESENTED BY:
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
SRIDHAR P PATIL 1OX15EE086 Mrs.MANJULA C
SACHIN AYLI 1OX15EE075 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
MOHAN RAJ R 1OX15EE063 DEPT. OF EEE
SUHAS Y 1OX15EE088 THE OXFORD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 Overview
• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Objectives of the Project
• Block Diagram with Explanation
• Simulation / Hardware Design
• Hardware Circuit Diagram
• Applications
• Pending Works – and date of completion
• Reference
 INTRODUCTION
Solar absorbed light is transferred to the electrons of the PV cell atoms exiting
them and producing the electrical current with the help of a “built-in electric
field” which provides the needed voltage. The “built-in electrical field” is created
by two layers of semiconductor material: n-type with excess of negative electrons
and p-type with excess of positive holes. Most commonly used of semiconductor
material is silicon and, when n- and p-type silicon come into contact, at the p/n
junction excess electrons move from the n-type side to the p-type side, resulting
in a positive charge in the n-type side of the interface and a buildup of negative
charge in the p-type side. Two types of semiconductor (n and p) are created by
doping the silicon with an external element that has either extra electrons or lack
of electrons, respectively.

In this prototype we are using solar energy in order to charge the battery used as
supply to the circuit so we are consuming solar energy in this form. Here the
supply is given by the battery which is 24v dc supply and this is boosted up to a
certain level and given to the inverter circuit which gives the utility supply
(230v,50hz) required for various purpose.
 Literature Survey
DC voltage boost up is essential in numerous applications; especially
considering Photovoltaic (PV) based renewable power generation system.
The conventional DC-DC boost converter is the most admired configuration
for this scheme, even if the converter efficiency is restricted at duty cycle
near to maximum value. In order to find solution to the problem and
improve its conversion capability, many converter configurations have been
implemented so. The PV cell is considered as one of the major renewable
energy source which produces DC output. Similarly, Battery plays an
important role in the storage of an electric power in terms of DC. By
considering the above renewable energy sources with DC, it is necessary to
analyze about the DC-DC converters. basic boost converter topology, single
switch soft switching boost converter, Boost converters are used for the
conversion of lower DC input voltage into higher DC output voltage.
Single phase inverters are of three types i.e. square wave inverter, modified sine
wave inverter and pure sine inverter. electricity generation system from solar
that composed of the PV panels capture the energy from sun light the panels
must be enough to cover the power needed. Using a charge controller to have a
suitable DC to charge the battery, to ensure the use of the energy produced in
the absence of sunlight and a battery bank for storage until energy needed by
the load. It will produce a fine DC current to the inverter for conversion to AC.
The main use of stand-alone systems is that it used in applications in the rural
and the remote areas of the development countries in telecommunication
towers and water pumps and the lightning uses, which can consider as a social
benefit for this type of systems. Although there was a price reduction of the PV
panels cost and the inverters involved, the batteries cost is the main concern in
off grid (stand-alone) systems that it stays expensive specially if energy stored in
terms of kilowatts or megawatts which increase the size of the batteries, they
should be replaced in approximately every ten years and require regular
maintenance, which is required more investments in the application of off grid
systems.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE
PROJECT
The rapid depletion of fossil fuels has resulted in the rise of their costs and hence a scary
future for power generation. The renewable sources such as solar, wind and biomass, etc.;
are likely boost and control this energy crisis by supplying clean and environmentally
friendly power.
1.Energy Savings :- Solar utilizes lower powered items such as LED / CFL lamps, lower
powered electronics, etc. that do not use as much power as standard electric systems.
Also, LEDs are powered from 12 VDC initially and require AC adapters to power with
standard electric. By using DC power for LEDs, they are able to operate more efficiently by
providing more light and less heat. In this way electricity can be saved.
2. Eco-Friendly :- To promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s
energy security challenges. To create enabling environment for penetration of solar
technology throughout the country Mission’s target was revised in 2015.
 3. Easy Installation :- Solar panels are easy to install, typically only needing
a few bolts to hold them secure and some basic wiring. 
Solar lighting systems provide the solar power system at the top of the pole
for most installation configurations, leaving all important electrical material
at the top of the pole. Solar power systems can require a bit more for a
simple installation; however, the low voltage DC power is much safer to
work with than standard electric.
4. Battery Backup :- Most solar systems today utilize a battery backup that
allows for three plus days storage of the power needed to keep the system
running. That way, if the sun goes out, you will still have power for a couple
days.
5. Available Anywhere :- Solar can be installed anywhere, even when what
it is powering is in the shade. No matter what the circumstance, if there is a
sunny spot nearby the solar can be installed to power something remotely
installed. There is even technology today turning roofing or windows into
photovoltaic sources.
6. Green :- Green energy is totally the new rage, but it is also a way to look
out for the future of our planet and reduce our impact.
 Block DIAGRAM
SOLAR PANEL

CONVERTER INVERTER BULB

BATTERY
 SIMULATON

1st STAGE- 24 volts DC input

x-axis=Time in secs
y-axis=DC INPUT VOLTAGE

INPUT IS EITHER GIVEN FROM SOLAR PANEL OR BATTERY

x-axis =Time in secs

HERE WE ARE BOOSTING 24V DC INPUT TO A CERTAIN DC VOLTAGE

x-axis=Time in secs
y-axis=AC SQUARE WAVE
COMPLETED HARDWARE
AND OUTPUT
DRIVER CIRCUIT USED TO DRIVE GATE OF
THE MOSFET’S USED IN INVERTER

COMPONENTS USED:
1. ARDUINO
2. VOLATGE REGULATORS { 7812 & 7805 }
3. TL494
4. CD4050 BUFFER IC
5. IC 555 TIMER
6. POTENTIOMETER (2 NOS)
EXPLANATION
 7812 VOLTAGE REGULATOR IS USED TO REGULATE 230V AC TO 12V DC
TO THE INVERTER.
 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATOR IS USED REGULATE 230V AC TO 5V DC TO
THE ARDUINO AS THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE.
 ARDUINO GIVES 61HZ FREQUENCY WHICH IS GIVEN TO THE BUFFER IC.
 5 & 6 PINS OF THE ARDUINO ARE THE OUTPUT PINS OF ARDUINO.
61HZ GIVEN FOR INVERTER CIRCUIT
72KHZ GIVEN FOR CONVERTER CIRCUIT
Arduino PROGRAM
 APPLICATIONS
THIS PROTOTYPE USES RENEWABLE ENERGY (SOLAR ENERGY) AS THE
INPUT , SINCE THE OUTPUT OF THIS PROTOTYPE IS UTILITY SUPPLY i.e.
230V,50HZ THIS CAN BE USED FOR MANY PURPOSE.
1. LIGHT UP LED’S
2. CAN BE USED FOR CHARGING MOBILES
3. THIS PROTOTYPE CAN BE CARRIED ANYWHERE AND CAN BE USED
ANYWHERE WHERE SUNLIGHT IS SUFFICIENT TO CHARGE UP THE
MODULE.
 PENDING WORKS &
EXPECTED DATE OF
COMPLITION
1. CONVERTER AND INVERTER STAGE IS 50% DONE
2. INPUT SOURCE IS READY
{SOLAR PANEL IS USED TO CHARGE THE BATTERY AND BATTERY IS
USED TO INPUT TO THE MODULE}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:230V,50HZ
DATE OF COMPLETION: APRIL END{LAST WEEK}
 REFERENCES
• W. Yu, J.S.Lai, H.Qian, and C.Hutchens,“High-efficiency MOSFET inverter
with H6-type configuration for photovoltaic non-isolated AC-module
applications,” IEEETrans.PowerElectron.,vol.26,no.4,pp.1253–1260, Apr. 2011.
• T. Kerekes, R. Teodorescu, and U. Borup, “Transformer less photovoltaic
inverters connected to the grid,” in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf.,
2007, pp. 1733–1737.
• Q.Li and P.Wolfs, “Recent development in the topologies for photovoltaic
module integrated converters,”in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec.Conf., 2006,
pp. 1–8.
• L. Gao, R. A. Dougal, S. Liu, and A. P. Iotova, “Parallel-connected solar PV
system to address partial and rapidly fluctuating shadow conditions,” IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1548–1556, May 2009.
• M.Veerachary,T.Senjyu,andK.Uezato,“Maximumpowerpointtracking control of
IDB converter supplied PV system,” IEE Proc.—Electr. Power Appl., vol. 148,
no. 6, pp. 494–502, Nov. 2001.