A SYNOPSIS REPORT

ON
Speed control of dc motor using Arduino microcontroller board
and pwm
Submitted to
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
MUMBAI - 400051

FOR THE FULFILLMENT OF DIPLOMA IN,

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
BY
1. Suraj Sudhakar Khobragade (2015430244)
2. Ishwar Laxan Pote (2015430240)
3. Bhavesh Jaykaran Raut (2015430239)
4. Buddhashil Bandu Ramteke (2015430242)
5. Ritesh Vijay Teltumbade (2015430242)
6. Tejas Gurudeo Wasekar (2015430241)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE of

PROF. SANDEEP THAKRE

H.O.D

PROJECT GUIDE ELEECTRICAL ENGE RINGDEPARTMENT

SANDEEP THAKRE
 BALLARPUR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

BALLARPUR SESSION (2021) -(2022)

BALLARPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BALLARPUR

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Session (2021-2022)

This is to certify that the project entitle towards the partial fulfillment for the requirements of
awards of polytechnic (Electrical engineering MSBTE)

This is the pre-thesis synopsis and accordingly, the Project work should be carried
out exclusively on the line proposed here. The work shall be original and exclusive to be carried
out by the candidate under my supervision shall not be used for any other degree.

Sr. No. Name of the student Signature

1 Kalyani R. Pohane
2 Harsh K. Kayarkar
3 Chetan N. Nikhure
4 Yash G. Dhanorkar
5 Vishal R. Sangam

6 Saikumar S. Engadhlawar

Prof. Sandip Thakre Prof. Dipak Tathod

Project Guide H.O.D

Date: Electrical engineering Dept

Place: Ballarpur institute of technology

 ABSTRACT
DC motor is widely used for its easy speed
control and load characteristics as it is effective and provides
precise output, which results in the application of DC motor
in large scale for commercial purposes. Speed control of DC
motor is very crucial in applications where large variation of
speed is required. Here initiative has been adopted to control
the speed of DC motor using Pulse With Modulation (PWM)
method by embedding a control system into a DC motor
using Arduino UNO R3, 100k Potentiometer, to fulfill the
requirements for controlling and measuring the speed of a
DC motor.

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
The electric drive systems used in many
industrial applications require higher performance,
reliability, variable speed due to their ease of
controllability. The speed control of a DC motor is
crucial in applications where precision and protection
are essential. The purpose of a motor speed controller
is to take a signal representing the required speed and
to drive a motor at that speed. Microcontrollers can
provide easy control of a DC motor. A
microcontroller-based speed control system consists of
an electronic component and a microcontroller. There
are many applications of DC motor drives that use
power electronics to control the voltage and
consequently the speed or position of the motor. For
large motors it is highly economical to use power
electronics, in order to minimize the power loss and the
size of the motor. DC choppers are easily implemented.
In this project, an Arduino UNO system
(microcontroller) was used for the control signal. The
DC motor fed by a DC chopper that was driven by the
Arduino UNO microcontroller. The chopper is driven by
a high frequency PWM signal. Controlling the PWM
duty cycle is equivalent to controlling the motor
terminal voltage, which in turn directly adjusts the
motor speed. This work is a practical one and highly
feasible from an economic and accuracy point of view.
The desired objective is to achieve a system running on
a desired constant speed at any load condition. That
means the motor will run on a fixed speed instead of
varying with the amount of load.

CHAPTER-2
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Functional block diagram of AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT (DIY)
 CHAPTER-3

WORKING PRINCIPAL:

Digital output is good for digital devices but

sometimes we need the analog output. In such a
case the PWM is very useful. In the PWM,
output signal switches between zero and one, on
high and fixed frequency.
The duty cycle is the fraction of one Time
period. Duty cycle is commonly expressed as a
percentage or a ratio. A period is the time it
takes for a signal to complete an on-and-off
cycle. As a formula, a duty cycle may be
expressed as:
 DUTY CYCLE = (Ton ÷ T) x100 %

CHAPTER 4
COMPONET
 An Arduino Uno
 A transistor
 A DC motor
 A diode
 A 10k Potentiometer
 A 2.2k ohm resistor
 Jump wires

COMPONET DISCRIPTION

Arduino microcontroller board

Arduino consists of both a physical
programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your
computer, used to write and upload computer code to the
physical board.

PNP 2N2222 transistor

The 2N2222 is a common NPN
bipolar junction transistor (BJT) used for
general purpose low-power amplifying or
switching applications. It is designed for low to
medium current, low power, medium voltage,
and can operate at moderately high speeds. It
was originally made in the TO-18 metal can as
shown in the picture.
DC motor
A DC motor is any of a class of
rotary electrical motors that converts direct
current electrical energy into mechanical
energy. The most common types rely on the
forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all
types of DC motors have some internal
mechanism, either electromechanical or
electronic, to periodically change the direction
of current in part of the motor.

DC motors were the first form of motor widely

used, as they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution
systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled
over a wide range, using either a variable supply
voltage or by changing the strength of current in
its field windings. Small DC motors are used in
tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor
can operate on direct current but is a lightweight
brushed motor used for portable power tools and
appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used
in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and
hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The
advent of power electronics has made
replacement of DC motors with AC motors
possible in many applications.

Diode
A diode is a two-terminal electronic
component that conducts current primarily in
one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has
low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction,
and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other.
A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a
vacuum tube with two electrodes, a heated
cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow
in only one direction, from cathode to plate. A
semiconductor diode, the most commonly used
type today, is a crystalline piece of
semiconductor material with a p–n junction
connected to two electrical terminals.[4]
Semiconductor diodes were the first
semiconductor electronic devices.
Potentiometer
Potentiometers are used to vary the
resistance in a circuit by turning a rotary knob.
Potentiometers have three pins. Between the
two side pins, there is a strip of resistive
material and this material creates resistance. The
middle pin is the wiper. This wiper connection
is somewhere on the strip between the two ends.
You can move the point where the wiper
connects to the resistive material by turning the
shaft of the potentiometer. When moving the
wiper to the left side, there is a decrease in
resistance between the middle pin and the left
pin. Then, the resistance between the middle pin
and the right pin increases upon moving the
wiper to the left side.

Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal
electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages,
bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other uses. High-power resistors
that can dissipate many watts of electrical power
as heat may be used as part of motor controls, in
power distribution systems, or as test loads for
generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that
only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage.

CHAPTER 5

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES AND

APPLICATIONS:
ADVANTAGES:
 The consumption of power to the motor is very less.
 Due to heat there is a less amount of energy is
decreased.
 It will allow the fine motor control.
 The efficiency is up to 90%

DISADVANTAGES:

 The pulse width modulation circuit is complex.

 Radio frequency interface.
 Voltage spikes.

APPLICATION:
 Can be used in homes as a night lamp by using bulb of
small wattage.
 As the name suggest this can be used in street lights
where it is difficult to reach like mountainous regions.
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE:

CONCLUSIONS:
The speed control of Dc motor is achieved by using the
microcontroller which is programed by using embedded c.
The concept of PWM i.e pulse width modulation is
introduced and briefly explained about it.

FUTURE SCOPE:
The future work can a automatic speed
control system based on the present concept but using
additional feed back system. The same concept can be
implemented in industries with better controlling unit.

CHAPTER 7
RESULTS
The speed control of dc motor can be seen as input to the
microcontroller is given
The variation in speed is proportional to the input provided.

REFFERENCE:
1) Suraj Sudhakar Khobragade - 2015430244

2) Ishwar Laxan Pote - 2015430240

3) Bhavesh Jaykaran Raut - 2015430239

4) Buddhashil Bandu Ramteke - 2015430238

5) Ritesh Vijay Teltumbade - 2015430242

6) Tejas Gurudeo Wasekar - 2015430241