Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ca 8336
Ca 8336
C.A 8336
WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator must refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears.
The product is declared recyclable following a life cycle analysis in accordance with standard ISO 14040.
The CE marking indicates conformity with European directives, in particular LVD and EMC.
Chauvin Arnoux has adopted an Eco-Design approach in order to design this appliance. Analysis of the complete
lifecycle has enabled us to control and optimize the effects of the product on the environment. In particular this appliance
exceeds regulation requirements with respect to recycling and reuse.
The rubbish bin with a line through it indicates that, in the European Union, the product must undergo selective disposal
in compliance with Directive WEEE 2012/19/EU. This equipment must not be treated as household waste.
This device is compliant with safety standard IEC 61010-2-030, the leads are compliant with IEC 61010-031, and the current
sensors are compliant with IEC 61010-2-032, for voltages up to 600 V in category IV or 1,000 V in category III.
Failure to observe the safety instructions may result in electric shock, fire, explosion, and destruction of the instrument and of the
installations.
The operator and/or the responsible authority must carefully read and clearly understand the various precautions to be taken
in use. Sound knowledge and a keen awareness of electrical hazards are essential when using this instrument.
If you use this instrument other than as specified, the protection it provides may be compromised, thereby endangering you.
Do not use the instrument on networks of which the voltage or category exceeds those mentioned.
Do not use the instrument if it seems to be damaged, incomplete, or poorly closed.
Do not use the instrument if the terminals or keyboard are wet. Dry it first.
Before each use, check the condition of the insulation on the leads, housing, and accessories. Any item of which the insulation
is deteriorated (even partially) must be set aside for repair or scrapping.
Before using your device, check that it is perfectly dry. If it is wet, it must be thoroughly dried before being connected or being
operated in any way.
Use only the leads and accessories supplied. Using leads (or accessories) of a lower voltage or category reduces the voltage
or category of the combined instrument + leads (or accessories) to that of the leads (or accessories).
Use personal protection equipment systematically.
Keep your hands away from the terminals of the device.
When handling the leads, test probes, and crocodile clips, keep your fingers behind the physical guard.
Use only the mains power adaptor and battery pack supplied by the manufacturer. They include specific safety features.
Some current sensors must not be placed on or removed from bare conductors at hazardous voltages: refer to the sensor
manual and comply with the handling instructions.
2
CONTENTS
3
1. GETTING STARTED
1.1. UNPACKING
➀ ➆ 11
➇
➄
12
➈
➁ ➅
C.A 8336
POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER 13
➂
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➉
en Disconnect the leads or the test accessories.
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es Desconecte los cables o accesorios de prueba.
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it Disinserite i cordoni o gli accessori di test.
da Tag testledninger og ekstraudstyr af.
lt /DLGXVDUEDQG\PǐSULHGXVDWMXQNLWH
de Leitungen bzw. Zubehör abnehmen.
hu Feszültségmentesítse a vezetékeket és tartozékokat.
nl Maak de testsnoeren of -accessoires los.
ro 'HFRQHFWDĠLFDEOXULOHVDXDFFHVRULLOHGHWHVWDUH
no Kople fra testledningene eller tilbehøret.
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pt Desconecte os cabos ou acessórios de teste.
sv Koppla ur testledningarna eller testtillbehören. ? W
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QUALISTAR +
7 Sets of inserts and rings for marking the leads and current sensors according to phase. 12
9 Checking attestation. 1
12 Battery. 1
4
1.2. CHARGING THE BATTERY
Install the battery in the device (see quick start guide or § 17.3). Before the first use, start by fully charging the battery.
120 V ± 10 %, 60 Hz
230 V ± 10 %, 50 Hz
C.A 8336
Remove the cover from the receptacle and connect the plug
of the specific power supply unit to the device. Connect the
POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER
? W
QUALISTAR +
Press the yellow key on the device corresponding to the desired language.
5
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE
2.1. FUNCTIONS
The C.A. 8336 (Qualistar+) is a three-phase network analyzer with colour graphic display and built-in rechargeable battery.
The measurement uncertainty of the device is better than 1% (not counting the uncertainties due to the current sensors). The
device is also very flexible, with a choice of sensors allowing measurements ranging from a few milliamperes (MN93A) to several
kiloamperes (AmpFlex®).
The C.A 8336 is intended for the technicians and engineers of electrical installation and network inspection and maintenance teams.
6
2.1.2. DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
7
2.2. OVERALL VIEW
Measurement connection
terminals (see §2.6.1)
Display
(see §2.4)
USB socket
Function keys (see §2.6.2)
(yellow keys)
(see §2.5.1)
Connector for the
mains power unit/
Return /previous key battery charger
(see §2.5.2) (see §2.6.2)
Configuration key
(see §2.5.4) Confirm/Enter key
(see §2.5.2)
Pressing the switch again turns the device off. If the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms,
and/or inrush current acquisition, it requests confirmation.
Select Yes or No on the corresponding yellow keys, then press the key to validate.
If No is selected, recording will continue.
If Yes is selected, the data recorded until that point are finalized and the device is turned off.
8
2.4. DISPLAY
2.4.1. PRESENTATION
The backlit 320x240 (1/4 VGA) pixel graphic TFT displays all measurements with their curves, the parameters of the unit, the
curves selected, the instantaneous values of the signals, and the type of measurement selected. When the device is powered up,
it automatically displays the Waveform screen. Information about this screen can be found in §7.
Function keys.
The management of switching off of the screen is chosen by the user in the Display Configuration Mode menu (see §4.4.3).
The display uses the following icons for the yellow function keys:
9
Icons Designation Icons Designation
Item Function
10
2.5.3. MODE KEYS (VIOLET KEYS)
These give access to specific modes:
Waveform acquisition mode, with two sub-modes: transients mode (blackouts, interference, etc.) §5
and inrush current mode (starting of motor).
Harmonic curves display mode: representation of voltage, current, and power harmonics, order §6
by order; determination of harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads, analysis of problems
caused by harmonics according to their order (overheating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.).
Display of voltage and current waveforms, display of minima and maxima of summary tables, §7
determination of phase rotation.
Alarm mode: list of recorded alarms exceeding the thresholds programmed in the configuration; §8
recording of network blackouts with half-cycle resolution (Vrms, Arms, Urms), determination of
energy consumption overshoots, monitoring of compliance with a power supply quality contract.
Trend mode: recording of the parameters selected in the Configuration menu. §9
In each of these modes, the coloured circles on a white ground , in which the channel numbers or types are entered, are indicators
of saturation: the ground of the circle is coloured when the channel measured is potentially full .
When the identification disc corresponds to a simulated channel (for example in 4-wire three-phase with selection V1V2, 2½-element
method, or in 3-wire three-phase with selection A1A2, 2-element method; see connections in §4.6), this channel is potentially full
if at least one channel used in calculating it is potentially full.
Similarly, if the saturation disc corresponds to a phase-to-phase voltage channel, it is potentially full if at least one of the phase-
to-neutral voltage channels used in calculating it is potentially full.
Configuration key. §4
Snapshot of current screen and retrieval of screens already stored. § 11
Help key: provides information about the functions and the symbols used for the current display § 12
mode.
11
2.6. CONNECTORS
2.6.1. CONNECTION TERMINALS
Located on the top of the device, these connectors are distributed as follows:
4 current input terminals for current sensors (MN clamp, C 5 voltage input terminals.
clamp, AmpFlex®, PAC clamp, E3N clamp, etc.).
E/GND L2/B
Mains power connector: Recharges the battery and allows operation on mains
power.
Battery charged.
Low battery.
Mobile bars: battery charging.
A red bar: the condition of the battery is unknown because it has never been fully charged.
The device is connected to mains without the battery.
When the battery level is too low, the following message is displayed:
Press to confirm the information. If you do not connect the device to mains, it switches itself off one minute after this message.
It is therefore necessary to start charging it as soon as possible.
12
2.8. THE STAND
A retractable stand on the back of the Qualistar+ can be used to hold the device in a tilted position.
Retractable stand.
Battery.
2.9. ABBREVIATIONS
Prefixes of International System (SI) units
milli m 10-3
kilo k 103
Mega M 106
Giga G 109
Tera T 1012
Peta P 1015
Exa E 1018
13
Meanings of the symbols and abbreviations used:
14
3. USE
3.1. START-UP
To switch the device on, press the button. It lights when pressed, then goes off if the mains power unit is not connected to the
device.
After the software check, the home page is displayed, then the information screen that indicates the software version of the device
and its serial number.
3.2. CONFIGURATION
To configure the device, proceed as follows:
Press . The configuration screen appears.
Press or to select the parameter to be modified. Press to enter the selected sub-menu.
Then use the arrow keys ( or and or ) and the key to validate. For more details, see §§4.3 to 4.10.
15
The following points must be checked or adapted for each measurement:
Define the parameters of the calculation methods (see §4.5).
Select the distribution system (single-phase to five-wire three-phase) and the connection method (2 wattmeters, 2 ½ elements,
standard) (see §4.6).
Program the current ratios according to the type of current sensor connected (see §4.7).
Program the voltage ratios (see §4.7).
Define the triggering levels (transients mode and inrush current capture) (see §4.8).
Define the values to be recorded (trend mode) (see §4.9).
Define the alarm thresholds (see §4.10).
E/GND L2/B
Clip rings of the same colour to the ends of the lead you will be connecting to the terminal.
Twelve sets of rings and inserts of different colours are provided to enable you to harmonize the device with any of the phase/
neutral colour codes in force.
E/GND L2/B
Remember to define the transformation ratios of the current sensors and of the voltage inputs (see §4.7).
16
To make a measurement, you must program at least:
the calculation method (see §4.5),
the connection (see §4.6)
and the ratios of the sensors (see §4.7).
The measuring leads must be connected to the circuit to be measured as shown by the following diagrams.
Figure 11: 2-wire split-phase connection Figure 12: 3-wire split-phase connection Figure 13: 4-wire split-phase connection
Figure 14: 3-wire three-phase Figure 15: 4-wire three-phase Figure 16: 5-wire three-phase
connection connection connection
In the case of a three-phase network, you are not obliged to connect all of the terminals in voltage or in current.
For 3-wire three-phase, indicate the current sensors that will be connected: all 3 sensors (3A) or only 2 (A1 and A2, or A2 and A3,
or A3 and A1).
For 4- and 5-wire three-phase, indicate the voltages that will be connected: all 3 voltages (3V) or only 2 (V1 and V2, or V2 and
V3, or V3 and V1).
17
3.3.4. CONNECTION PROCEDURE
Switch the instrument on.
Configure the device for the measurement to be made and the type of network concerned (see §4),
Connect the leads and current sensors to the unit.
Connect the earth and/or neutral lead to the network earth and/or neutral (when it is distributed) and connect the corresponding
current sensor,
Connect the L1 phase lead to the network L1 phase and connect the corresponding current sensor.
If applicable, repeat the procedure for phases L2 and L3 and for N.
Note: complying with this procedure reduces connection errors to a minimum and avoids wasting time.
Disconnection procedure:
Proceed in the reverse of the order of connection, always finishing by disconnecting the neutral (when distributed).
Disconnect the leads and switch the device off.
You can press the help key at any time. The help screen will inform you about the functions and the symbols used for the
current display mode.
You can display the measurements of the true RMS value (see §7.1), the measurements of the total harmonic distortion (see §7.2),
the measurements of the peak factor (see §7.3), the extreme values in voltage and current (see §7.4), several values at once (see
§7.5), or the Fresnel diagram (see §7.6).
You can configure the alarm mode (see §8.1), program an alarm campaign (see §8.2), look it up (see §8.4), or erase it (see §8.6).
3.4.5. RECORDING
With the device powered up and connected to the network, press .
You can configure recordings (see §9.2) and program them (see §9.1). You can also look up or erase recordings (see §4.11).
18
4. CONFIGURATION
The Configuration key is used to configure the device. This must be done before each new type of measurement. The
configuration remains in memory, even after the device is switched off.
Most of the time, confirmation ( ) is necessary for the changes made by the user to be applied.
The return key ( ) is used to return to the main menu from a sub-menu.
4.3. DATE/TIME
The menu defines the system date and time. The display is as follows:
With the Date/Time field highlighted in yellow, press . To change a value, press or . To move from one field to another,
press or . To confirm, press .
Proceed in the same way for the dating system (DD/MM/YY or MM/DD/YY) and the time system (12/24 or AM/PM). You see the
effect immediately in the display of the date.
Note: The date and time parameters cannot be configured while the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients,
alarms, and/or inrush current acquisition.
19
4.4. DISPLAY
4.4.1. BRIGHTNESS
The menu is used to define the brightness of the display unit. The display is as follows:
4.4.2. COLOURS
The menu is used to define the colours of the voltage and current curves. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.
There are 15 colours available: green, dark green, yellow, orange, pink, red, brown, blue, turquoise blue, dark blue, very light grey,
light grey, grey, dark grey, and black.
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to change the assignments of the colours.
To return to the Configuration menu, press .
Use the arrow keys (,) to choose the screen switching off mode: Automatic or Never.
20
The Automatic mode is used to save the battery. The display screen is switched off automatically after five minutes without action
on the keys if the device is powered only by its battery and if recording is in progress and after ten minutes if no recording is in
progress. The On/Off button blinks to indicate that the device is still in operation. Pressing any key on the keypad relights the
screen.
The menu is used to change to night mode. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.
Use the navigation keys (,) to activate or deactivate night mode. The screen then changes to reverse video and all colours
are changed.
Then validate with the key. The device returns to the Configuration menu.
Note: The modification is impossible if the device is recording, metering energy, and/or searching for alarms.
21
4.5.2. CHOICE OF UNIT OF ENERGY
The Wh menu defines the unit of display of energies.
Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Configuration menu.
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to fix the value of coefficients q and e:
q: exponential constant that depends on the type of winding and the frequency.
The value of q can range from 1.5 to 1.7. The value of 1.7 is suitable for transformers having round or square conductors, in
all types of winding. The value of 1.5 is suitable for those in which the low-voltage windings are in tape form.
e: ratio between the losses linked to eddy currents (at the fundamental frequency) and resistive losses (both evaluated at the
reference temperature). The value of e can range from 0.05 to 0.1.
The default values (q = 1.7 and e = 0.10) are suitable for most applications.
Then validate with the key. The device returns to the Configuration menu.
Note: The modification is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.
22
4.5.4. CHOICE OF REFERENCE OF THE LEVEL OF HARMONICS OF THE PHASES
The %f-%r menu defines the reference for the level of harmonics of the phases.
Figure 23: the Choice of Reference for the Level of Harmonics menu
Use the arrow keys (,) to fix the reference for the level of harmonics:
%f: the reference is the value of the fundamental.
%r: the reference is the total value.
Then validate with the key. The device returns to the Configuration menu.
In the case of the level of harmonics of the V-h, A-h, and U-h phases, the fundamental and total values are RMS values. In the
case of the level of harmonics of the S-h phases, the fundamental and total values are apparent power values.
Note: The modification is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.
Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Configuration menu.
Note: The modification is impossible if the device is recording and/or searching for alarms.
23
4.6. CONNECTION
The menu is used to define how the device is connected, according to distribution system.
L1
L2
L1
3-phase open star 2-wire
L2
24
Distribution system Source
L1
L2
N)
L2
L2
L1
25
Distribution system Source
L3
L1
L2
L3
L3
L2
L3
L2
26
Distribution system Source
L3
and N)
L1
L2
L3
V3 and V1).
L2
L2
L3
L2
L3
Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Configuration menu.
Note: It is impossible to select a new connection if the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms,
and/or inrush current acquisitions.
27
4.7. SENSORS AND RATIOS
Note: The ratios cannot be changed if the device is recording, metering energy, or searching for transients, alarms, and/or inrush
current acquisitions.
Figure 25: Current clamp and ratios screen in the Sensors and ratios menu
In the case of a 3-wire three-phase set-up where only two of the three current sensors required are connected, if these two sensors
are of the same type and have the same ratio, the device simulates the third sensor by assuming the same characteristics as for
the two others. The third sensor will be shown in the list as being simulated, or impossible to simulate otherwise.
If an MN93A clamp (5A range) or an Adapter is used, the current ratio setting is proposed automatically.
If an MN93A clamp (5A range), an Adapter, an AmpFlex®, a MiniFlex®, or an E3N clamp is used, adjustment of the ratio, of the
range, or of the sensitivity is proposed automatically.
Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to define the transformation ratios between the primary current (1A to 60,000A) and the secondary
current (1A, 2A or 5A), then validate with the key.
The programming of the ratio or ratios can be different or the same for all or for some channels.
The ratios to be programmed are phase-to-neutral voltage ratios when there is a neutral and phase-to-phase voltage ratios when
there is not.
28
Figure 26: the Voltage Ratios screen in the Sensors and Figure 27: the Voltage Ratios screen in the Sensors and
ratios menu in the case of a set-up without neutral ratios menu in the case of a set-up with neutral
Use the arrow keys (,) to choose the configuration of the ratios.
3U 1/1 or 4V 1/1: all channels have the same 1/1 ratio.
3U or 4V: all channels have the same ratio, to be programmed.
Press the key, then use the , keys to highlight the ratio in yellow.
Press the key, then use the ,, and keys to change the ratio. The primary voltage is in kV and the secondary
voltage is in V.
3V + VN: all channels have the same ratio and the neutral has a different ratio.
Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation twice.
U1+U2+U3 or V1+V2+V3+VN: each channel has a different ratio, to be programmed.
Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times.
Note: the primary and secondary voltages can each be configured with a multiplier factor of 1/√3.
A first screen, displayed by pressing the V icon (or U, for set-ups without a neutral), is used to configure the voltage thresholds.
The thresholds programmed can be the same for all channels or different for some or all of them.
Figure 28: the Current thresholds screen in the Transient Mode menu
29
4V or 3U: all channels have the same threshold.
Press the key, then use the , keys to highlight the value of the threshold in yellow.
Press the key, then use the ,, and keys to change the threshold. The unit can be the V or the kV.
3V + VN: all channels have the same ratio and the neutral has a different ratio.
Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation twice.
V1+V2+V3+VN or U1+U2+U3: each channel has a different ratio, to be programmed.
Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times.
Note: Changing the thresholds in the transient mode is impossible if the device is searching for transients.
A second screen, displayed by pressing the A icon, is used to configure the current thresholds (independently of the current
sensors detected by the device).
The thresholds programmed can be the same for all channels or different for some or all of them.
Figure 29: the Voltage thresholds screen in the Transient Mode menu
Press the key, then use the ,, and keys to change the threshold. The unit can be the A, the kA or the mA.
3A + AN: all current sensors have the same threshold and the one connected to the neutral has a different threshold.
Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation twice.
A1+A2+A3+AN: each current sensor has a different threshold, to be programmed.
Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times.
Note: Changing the thresholds in the transient mode is impossible if the device is searching for transients.
30
4.8.3. CURRENT THRESHOLDS OF THE INRUSH CURRENT MODE
A third screen, displayed by pressing the icon, is used to define the inrush current thresholds. This involves programming
the triggering threshold and the inrush current capture stopping threshold (the stopping threshold being the triggering threshold
less the hysteresis).
Figure 30: the Inrush Current Thresholds screen in the Inrush Current Mode menu
Notes: for more information on the hysteresis, refer to §16.3. Configuring the hysteresis at 100% is equivalent to not having a
stop threshold (see §16.7).
Changing the thresholds in inrush current mode is impossible if the device is in inrush current capture.
Press the key of the Configuration mode and select the Trend Mode sub-menu.
Figure 31: The first screen of the Trend mode Figure 32: The second screen of the Trend mode
There are 4 possible programmable configurations , , and independent of one another. To go from one to the
other, use the or key.
To select the parameter to be recorded, move the yellow cursor to this parameter using the ,, and keys then validate with
the key. The selected parameter is identified by a red spot. The frequency (Hz) is always selected (black spot).
Note: If a quantity is displayed in red, it means that it is incompatible with the configuration chosen (connection selected, sensors
connected, ratios programmed, reference of the level of harmonics of the phases, breakdown of the non-active quantities).
For example, if no current sensor is connected, all current quantities will be in red.
31
To change configuration pages, press the or key.
Unit Designation
32
The four last lines involve the recording of the harmonics of U, V, A and S. You can select a range of orders of the harmonics to be
recorded (between 0 and 50) for each of these quantities, and within this range, if desired, only odd harmonics.
Note: The level of harmonics of order 01 will be displayed only if they concern values expressed in % r.
To change an order of harmonic, first select the parameter to be recorded (identified by a red spot), then move the yellow cursor to
this figure using the ,, and keys, then validate with the key. Change the value using the and keys, then validate
with the key.
Figure 33: The second screen of the Trend Mode during modification
Note: If a recording is in progress, the associated configuration cannot be modified and the selected values are identified by black
spots.
To activate an alarm, move the yellow cursor to its number using the , keys, then validate with the key. The active alarm is
identified by a red spot. An alarm that is not programmed (“?”) cannot be activated.
To program the alarm, move the yellow cursor using the ,, and keys, then validate with the key. Change the value, then
validate again.
Alarms active.
Alarm inactive.
33
To set an alarm, program the following values:
The type of alarm.
The order of the harmonic (between 0 and 50), for |S-h|, A-h, U-h and V-h only.
The target of the alarm:
3L: 3 phases monitored individually,
N: monitoring of neutral,
4L: 3 phases and neutral monitored individually,
Σ: surveillance of the value of the complete system.
The direction of the alarm (>or <) in the case of Hz, Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|, |Vpk-|
and |Apk-|.
The triggering threshold of the alarm (value and unit for Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|,
|Vpk-|, |Apk-|, |P|, |Pdc|, |Q1| or N, D and S).
The triggering delay, or minimum duration above or below the alarm threshold: in minutes or seconds or, in the case of Vrms,
Urms and Arms (excluding the neutral), in hundredths of a second.
The hysteresis: 1%, 2%, 5% or 10% (see §16.3).
Notes: The display in red of an alarm line means that the programmed quantity and/or target is incompatible with the configuration
chosen (connection selected, sensors connected, ratios programmed, calculation methods chosen).
The alarms on the level of harmonics of order 01 concern only the values expressed in % r.
If a search for alarms is in progress, the activated alarms cannot be modified and are identified by black spots. However,
new alarms (not yet programmed or not activated) can be activated.
To select an item to be erased, move the yellow cursor to it using the ,, and keys, then validate with the key. The item
to be erased is identified by a red spot.
To proceed with the erasure, press the key , then confirm with the key.
Note: Which erasures are possible depends on the recordings in progress (recording, metering of energy, search for transients,
alarms, and/or inrush current acquisition).
34
4.12. ABOUT
The About screen displays information concerning the device.
35
5. WAVEFORM CAPTURE
The Waveform capture mode is used to display and to capture transients and inrush currents.
To select a sub-mode, move the yellow cursor to it using the and keys, then validate with the key.
36
5.1.1. PROGRAMMING AND STARTING A SEARCH
To program a search for a transient, enter the start date and time, the stop date and time, the number of transients to search for,
then the name of the search.
To change an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the and keys, then validate with the key. Change the value using the
,, and keys, then validate again.
The name can be at most 8 characters long. Several searches can bear the same name. The available alphanumeric characters
are the uppercase letters from A to Z and the digits from 0 to 9. The last 5 names given (in the transient, trend, and alarm modes)
are kept in memory. When a name is entered, it may then be completed automatically.
Notes: The start date and time must be later than the current date and time.
The stop date and time must be later than the start date and time.
Once the programming is done, start the search by pressing the key. The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that the
search has been started. The key replaces the key and can be used to stop the search before it is finished.
The message Detection on standby is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Detection in
progress. When the stop time is reached, the Detection schedule screen returns with the key . It is then possible to program
another search.
During a search for transients, only the stop date field can be modified. It is automatically highlighted in yellow.
If the stop date is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed:
either because of a power supply problem (battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only),
or because the number of transients has been reached, thereby ending the search.
37
To select a search for transients, move the cursor to it using the and keys. The selected search is bolded. Then validate with
the key. The device then displays a list of transients.
Figure 40: The Transient list screen in the case of a 5-wire three-phase set-up
To select a transient, move the cursor to it using the and keys. The selected field is bolded. Then validate with the key.
The device displays the transients in the form of curves.
Note: The curves to be displayed selection filter is dynamic and depends on the connection chosen. For example, it proposes
(3U, 3A) for a 3-wire three-phase set-up
38
5.2. INRUSH CURRENT MODE
Still in the mode, the sub-mode is used to capture (record) inrush currents (voltage and current waveforms, network
frequency, half-cycle RMS voltages and currents except for the neutral) and to view and delete the recordings.
To start recording rapidly, press the key. Recording starts immediately with a current threshold of 0 A and a hysteresis of 100%.
Attention: The rapid starting of an inrush current modifies the configuration of the current threshold.
To program a capture, enter the triggering filter (3A, A1, A2, or A3), the start date and time, and the recording mode (RMS + PEAK
or RMS only).
The RMS + PEAK recording mode is used to produce a trend recording of the half-period RMS values and a trend recording
of the samples (envelopes and waveforms). The maximum duration of such a recording depends on the frequency network
and is on average about one minute.
In the RMS only recording mode, the recording of the samples is eliminated in favour of a longer maximum capture duration.
This mode records only the half-period RMS values and its maximum duration is about ten minutes.
To modify an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the and keys, then validate with the key. Change the value using the
,, and keys, then validate again.
Once the programming is done, start the capture by pressing the key. The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that the
capture has been started. The key replaces the key and can be used to stop the capture before it is finished.
Attention: The voltage must be present before the inrush current strictly speaking for a stable and correct frequency lock.
The message capture pending is displayed until the start time is reached and the triggering conditions are satisfied. It is then
replaced by the message Capture in progress. The memory occupation indicator appears at the top of the screen. The indicator
disappears when the capture is completed.
If the capture is completed with a stop event (see conditions in §16.7) or if the recording memory of the device is full, the capture
stops automatically.
Note: The device can keep in memory only a single inrush current capture. If you wish to make another capture, first delete the
previous one.
39
5.2.2. DISPLAYING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAPTURE
To display the characteristics of the capture, press . The Capture parameters screen is displayed.
If a capture duration is displayed in red, it means that it has been cut short:
because of a power supply problem (battery low),
or because the memory is full.
or because of a measurement error.
or because of an incompatibility between the quantity monitored and the configuration of the device (for example withdrawal
of a current sensor).
Choose the type of display, RMS or PEAK, by pressing the yellow key corresponding to the icon. The device then displays the curves.
Note: the PEAK key is not displayed when the inrush current capture recording mode is RMS only.
5.2.3.1. The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral
t: relative time position of the cursor A1, A2, A3: RMS values of currents
(t=0 corresponds to the start of the 1, 2, and 3 in the half-cycle at the
inrush current capture). position of the cursor.
Figure 44: The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral
40
5.2.3.2. The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral
Figure 45: The 3A RMS display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral
5.2.3.3. The L1 RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral
Figure 46: The L1 RMS display screen for a three-phase connection with neutral
Note: Filters L2 and L3 are used to display the recording of the true half-cycle RMS current and voltage of phases 2 and 3. The
screen is identical to the one displayed for filter L1.
The , , and keys are used to go to the first occurrence of a minimum or maximum voltage or current value.
5.2.3.4. The RMS display screen in Hz for a three-phase connection without neutral
Figure 47: The Hz RMS display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral
The and keys are used to go to the first occurrence of a minimum or maximum frequency value.
41
5.2.4. INSTANTANEOUS INRUSH CURRENT
The PEAK mode is used to display the envelopes and waveforms of the inrush current capture.
The PEAK display of an inrush current capture provides two possible representations:
envelope
waveform.
The change from one of these representations to the other is automatic, as a function of the zoom level. If the zoom in is high
enough, the representation is of the “waveform” type.
Figure 48: The 4A PEAK display screen for a 5-wire three-phase connection
Figure 49: The 3A PEAK display screen for a 3-wire three-phase connection
42
5.2.4.3. The A1 PEAK display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral
In the case shown, there is enough zoom out to force the envelope type of representation.
Figure 50: The A1 PEAK display screen for a three-phase connection without neutral
Note: Filters A2 and A3 display the record of the current envelope of phases 2 and 3. The screen is identical to the one displayed
for filter A1.
43
6. HARMONIC
The Harmonic mode displays a representation of the harmonic levels of the voltage, current, and apparent power, order by
order. It can be used to determine the harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads and analyze problems caused by harmonics
according to their order (overheating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.).
Analysis of the apparent power of the Select the filters and the expert mode
harmonics (see §6.3). (see §6.5). Use the or key to
select the display.
Analysis of harmonics of the current
(see §6.2).
Analysis of the harmonics of the
Analysis of harmonics of the phase- phase-to-phase voltage (see §6.4).
to-neutral voltage (see §6.1).
The choice of curves to be displayed depends on the type of connection (see §4.6):
Single-phase, 2-wire: no choice (L1)
Single-phase, 3-wire: L1, N
Split-phase, 3-wire: 2L, L1, L2
Split-phase, 4-wire: 2L, L1, L2, N
Three-phase, 4-wire: 3L, L1, L2, L3, -,+
Three-phase, 5-wire: 3L, L1, L2, L3, N, -,+
The screen captures shown as examples are those obtained with a 5-wire three-phase connection.
44
6.1.2. THE L1 PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN
This information concerns the Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1, L2,
harmonic pointed to by the cursor. L3, N, or of the expert mode (three-
V-h03: harmonic number. phase connection only - see §6.5).
%: level of harmonics with the To select the display press or .
fundamental RMS value as reference
(%f) or the (total) RMS value as
reference (%r).
V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in The horizontal axis indicates the
question. orders of the harmonics. The level of
-143°: phase shift with respect to the the harmonic is given as a percentage
fundamental (order 1). with respect to the fundamental or to
max – min: maximum and minimum the total RMS value.
levels of the harmonic in question. DC: DC component.
They are reset when the harmonic 1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.
Harmonic selection cursor. Use the or key When the cursor exceeds order 25,
number is changed or the key is
to move the cursor. order 26 to 50 appears.
pressed.
THD: total harmonic distortion.
Vd: RMS distortion voltage. Indicator of the presence of non-zero
harmonics of order higher than 25.
Notes: Filters L2 and L3 display the harmonics of the phase-to-neutral voltage for phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is
identical to the one displayed for filter L1.
There is no phase shift or distortion value for the neutral channel.
6.2. CURRENT
The A sub-menu displays the harmonics of the current.
45
6.2.2. THE L1 CURRENT HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN
This information concerns the Display of the 3 phases 3L, of L1, L2,
harmonic pointed to by the cursor. L3, N, or of the expert mode (three-
A-h05: harmonic number. phase connection only - see §6.5).
%: level of harmonics with the To select the display press or .
fundamental RMS value as reference
(%f) or the (total) RMS value as
reference (%r). The horizontal axis indicates the
A: RMS current of the harmonic in orders of the harmonics. The level of
question. the harmonic is given as a percentage
+178°: phase shift with respect to the with respect to the fundamental or to
fundamental (order 1). the total RMS value.
max – min: maximum and minimum Rang DC: DC component.
levels of the harmonic in question. 1 to 25: harmonics of order 1 to 25.
They are reset when the harmonic Harmonic selection cursor. Use the or When the cursor exceeds order 25,
number is changed or the key is key to move the cursor. order 26 to 50 appears.
pressed
THD: total harmonic distortion.
Ad: RMS distortion current.
Notes: Filters L2 and L3 display the current harmonics of phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to the one displayed
for filter L1.
There is no phase shift or distortion value for the neutral channel.
The horizontal axis indicates the orders of the harmonics. The bars of the bar chart above the horizontal centreline signify harmonic
power consumed, those below it harmonic power generated.
46
6.3.2. THE L1 APPARENT POWER HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN
Note: Filters L2 and L3 display the apparent power of the harmonics for phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to
the one displayed for filter L1.
47
6.4.2. THE L1 PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN
Note: Filters L2 and L3 display the phase-to-phase voltage harmonics for phases 2 and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to
the one displayed for filter L1.
Note : The breakdown into sequences shown here is valid only in the case of a balanced load.
Figure 60: The phase-to-neutral voltage expert mode screen (three-phase set-ups with neutral)
For three-phase set-ups without neutral, the U sub-menu displays the influence of the harmonics of the phase-to-phase voltage
on the heating of revolving machines.
48
6.5.2. THE CURRENT EXPERT MODE DISPLAY SCREEN
The A sub-menu displays the influence of the harmonics of the current on the heating of the neutral and on rotating machines.
49
7. WAVEFORM
The Waveform key is used to display the current and voltage curves, along with the values measured and those calculated
from the voltages and currents (except for power, energy, and harmonics).
This is the screen that appears when the device is powered up.
The choice of curves to be displayed depends on the type of connection (see §4.6):
Single-phase, 2-wire or Split-phase, 2-wire: no choice (L1)
Single-phase, 3-wire:
For RMS, THD, CF, and : 2V, 2A, L1, N
For : no choice (L1)
Split-phase, 3-wire:
For RMS, THD, CF, and : U, 2V, 2A, L1, L2
For : 2V, 2A, L1, L2
Split-phase, 4-wire:
For RMS, THD, CF, and : U, 3V, 3A, L1, L2 N
For : 2V, 2A, L1, L2
Three-phase, 3wire: 3U, 3A
Three-phase, 4-wire: 3U, 3V, 3A, L1, L2, L3
Three-phase, 5-wire:
For RMS, THD, CF, and : 3U, 4V, 4A, L1, L2, L3 and N
For: 3U, 3V, 3A, L1, L2 and L3
The screen snapshots shown as examples are those obtained with a three-phase 5-wire connection.
50
7.1.1. THE 3U RMS DISPLAY SCREEN
This screen displays the three phase-to-neutral voltages of a three-phase system.
51
7.1.4. THE RMS DISPLAY SCREEN FOR THE NEUTRAL
This screen displays the neutral voltage with respect to earth and the neutral current.
Note: Filters L1, L2, and L3 display the current and voltage in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The screen is identical to the one
displayed for the neutral.
52
7.2.3. THE 4A THD DISPLAY SCREEN
This screen displays the phase current waveforms for one period and the total harmonic distortion values.
Note: Filters L1, L2, L3 and N display the total current and voltage harmonic distortion for phases 1, 2 and 3 and the neutral channel.
53
7.3.3. THE 4A CF DISPLAY SCREEN
This screen displays the current waveforms of one period and the peak factors.
Note: L1, L2, L3 and N display the current and voltage peak factors for phases 1, 2 and 3, respectively and the neutral channel.
Note: The MAX. and MIN. RMS measurements are calculated every half cycle (i.e. every 10 ms for a 50-Hz signal). The
measurements are refreshed every 250 ms.
The RMS measurements are calculated over one second.
54
7.4.2. THE 4V MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN
This screen displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS values and the positive and negative
peaks of the phase-to-neutral voltages and of the neutral.
Column of values for the neutral: RMS, PEAK+ and PEAK- parameters.
Column of values for the neutral: RMS, PEAK+ and PEAK- parameters.
The same information as for the phase-to-neutral voltage, but for the current.
Note: L2 and L3 display the RMS, maximum, minimum, and mean values and the positive and negative peak values of the phase-
to-neutral voltage and of the current for phases 2 and 3, respectively.
55
7.4.5. THE NEUTRAL MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN
This screen displays the RMS values and the positive and negative peaks of the neutral relative to earth.
Column of RMS and DC values along with the CF and the THD (%r) concerning
the neutral.
56
7.5.3. 4A SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN
This screen displays the RMS, DC (only if at least one of the current sensors can measure direct current), THD, CF, FHL and FK
values of the phase and neutral currents.
Column of RMS values and (if the current sensor allows) DC values along with the
CF and the THD (%r) concerning the neutral.
Note: To make it possible to adjust the zero of current sensors measuring DC, the DC values are never cancelled.
Notes: The DC value of the current of phase 1 is displayed only if the associated current sensor can measure direct current.
L2 and L3 provide the simultaneous display of the current and voltage for phases 2 and 3, respectively.
57
7.6. DISPLAY OF FRESNEL DIAGRAM
The sub-menu displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the voltages and currents. It indicates their associated
quantities (modulus and phase of the vectors) and the negative-sequence voltage and current unbalance rates.
Note: To allow the display of all vectors, those of which the modulus is too small to be pictured are shown even so, but their name
is followed by an asterisk (*).
The information displayed is identical to that described in §7.6.1 but relative to the phase-to-phase voltage.
The information displayed is identical to that described in §7.6.1 but relative to the current.
58
7.6.4. THE L1 FRESNEL DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN
In the presence of the neutral, this screen displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the phase-to-neutral voltages
and the currents of one phase. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the current and phase-to-neutral
voltage vectors). The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is the current vector.
Note: L2 and L3 display vector representations of the fundamentals of the phase-to-neutral voltages and the currents of phases
2 and 3, respectively. They indicate their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the current and phase-to-neutral
voltage vectors of phases 2 and 3, respectively). The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is the current
vector (A2 and A3, respectively).
59
8. ALARM MODE
The Alarm mode detects overshoots of thresholds on each of the following parameters:
Hz, Urms, Vrms, Arms, |Udc|, |Vdc|, |Adc|, |Upk+|, |Vpk+|, |Apk+|, |Upk-|, |Vpk-|, |Apk-|, Ucf, Vcf, Acf, Uthdf, Vthdf, Athdf, Uthdr,
Vthdr, Athdr, |P|, |Pdc|, |Q1| or N, D, S, |PF|, |cos F|, |tan F|, PST, PLT, FHL, FK, Vunb, Uunb (for a three-phase source without
neutral) Aunb, U-h, V-h, A-h and |S-h| (see the table of abbreviations in §2.9).
Stored alarms can subsequently be transferred to a PC via the PAT2 application (see §13). You can capture over 16,000 alarms.
To program an alarm campaign, enter the start date and time, the stop date and time, and the name of the campaign.
To modify an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the and keys, then validate with the key. Change the value using the
,, and keys, then validate again.
The name can be at most 8 characters long. Several campaigns may have the same name. The available alphanumeric characters
are the uppercase letters from A to Z and the digits from 0 to 9. The last 5 names given (in the transient, trend, and alarm modes)
are kept in memory. When a name is entered, it may then be completed automatically.
Notes: The start date and time must be later than the current date and time.
The stop date and time must be later than the start date and time.
It is not possible to program an alarm campaign if an inrush current capture is in progress.
Once the programming is done, start the campaign by pressing the key. The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that the
campaign has been started. The key replaces the key and can be used to stop the campaign before it is finished. Alarms
in progress (not yet ended) are recorded in the campaign if their duration is equal to or greater than their programmed minimum
duration.
60
The Campaign on standby message is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Campaign
running . When the stop time is reached, the Programming a Campaign screen returns with the key. You can then program
another campaign.
During an alarm campaign, only the stop date field can be modified. It is automatically highlighted in yellow.
If the stop date of the campaign is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed:
either because of a power supply problem (battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only),
or because the memory is full.
61
8.5. DELETING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN
When the list of campaigns performed is displayed (see figure 86), select the campaign to be erased. This is done by moving the
cursor to it using the and keys. The selected campaign is bolded.
62
9. TREND MODE
The Trend mode records changes to parameters previously specified in the Configuration / Trend mode screen (see §4.9).
This mode manages up to 2 GB of data.
To start a recording rapidly, press the key. Recording starts immediately; all measurements are recorded every second until
the memory or completely full. The configuration displayed is .
To program recording, before starting it, choose configuration to , enter the start date and time, the stop date and time,
the period, and the name of the recording.
To modify an item, move the yellow cursor to it using the and keys, then validate with the key. Change the value using the
,, and keys, then validate again.
The integration period is the time over which the measurements of each recorded value are averaged (arithmetic mean). Possible
values for the period are: 1 s, 5 s, 20 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min.
The name can be at most 8 characters long. Several recordings may have the same name. The available alphanumeric characters
are the uppercase letters from A to Z and the digits from 0 to 9. The last 5 names given (in the transient, trend, and alarm modes)
are kept in memory. When a name is entered, it may then be completed automatically.
Notes: The start date and time must be later than the current date and time.
The stop date and time must be later than the start date and time.
Once the programming is done, start recording by pressing the key. If not enough memory is available, the device so indicates.
The icon of the status bar blinks to indicate that recording has begun. The key replaces the key and can be used to
stop the recording before it is finished.
The Recording on standby message is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Recording
running . When the stop time is reached, the Program a Record screen returns with the key. You can then program a new recording.
During the recording of a trend, only the stop date field can be modified. It is automatically highlighted in yellow.
63
9.3. VIEWING THE RECORDING LIST
The submenu displays the recording list already made.
If the stop date is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed, because of a power supply problem
(battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only).
If a measurement does not appear in the tabs, it is because calculation of this measurement was incompatible with the configuration
chosen (connection, types of sensors, ratios programmed).
For example, if the calculation mode chosen during the programming is Non-active Quantities not broken down (see §4.5.1), the
D tab does not appear.
64
9.5.2. TREND CURVES
The display period of this curve is one minute. Since the period of the record is one second, each point of this curve corresponds
to a value recorded in a one-second window once a minute. There is therefore a substantial loss of information (59 values out of
60), but the display is rapid.
The display period of this curve is one minute. But with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode activated, each point of this curve represents the
arithmetic mean of 60 values recorded every second. This display is therefore more precise, because there is no loss of information,
but slower (see the table of figure 108).
Remarks: While MIN-AVG-MAX mode is being calculated, a progress bar is displayed for this calculation in the status strip instead
of the recording display window positioning bar.
The MIN-AVG-MAX mode is not available while a trend is being recorded.
To place the cursor on the first To place the cursor on the first
occurrence of the minimum value. occurrence of the maximum value.
Pressing the or key automatically sets the zoom in to the highest level (display period identical to the recording period)
and de-activates the MIN-AVG-MAX mode if it was activated.
65
Curve of the maxima.
The display period of this curve is one minute. Each point of the mean curve represents the arithmetic mean of 60 values recorded
every second. Each point of the curve of the maxima represents the maximum of the 60 values recorded every second. Each point
of the curve of the minima corresponds to the minimum of the 60 values recorded every second.
For each of the phases (L1, L2, and L3), at each recording of a value over one second (recording period), the device also records
the minimum half-cycle RMS value over one second and the maximum half-cycle RMS value over one second. These are the
three curves shown in the figure above.
This curve differs slightly from the previous one because, with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode, there is no loss of information.
66
Note: For the quantities (P, Pdc, VAR, S, D, PF, cos Φ and tan Φ) and for a three-phase source without neutral, only the total
quantities are represented.
Figure 97: tan Φ (L1) without MIN-AVG-MAX for a three-phase connection with neutral
For the energy curves, the quantities are expressed in Wh, J, toe, or BTU, depending on the unit chosen in the configuration of
the device (see §4.5.2).
This curve differs slightly from the previous one because, with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode, there is no loss of information.
The MIN-AVG-MAX mode can be activated for the powers to display, above the curve, the mean power value at the cursor date
along with the maximum and minimum power values in the display period. Note that, in contrast with the other quantities, only the
bar chart of mean values is represented.
67
Starting date of the selection. Date of the cursor (ending date of
the selection). Use the or keys
to move the cursor.
The display period of this bar chart is one minute. Since the recording period is one second, each bar of this bar chart represents
a value recorded in a one-second window once a minute.
The energy calculation mode determines the sum of the powers on the selected bars.
With the MIN-AVG-MAX mode activated, the display differs slightly from the previous one because there is no loss of information.
The period of display of this curve is two hours. Since the recording period is one second, each point of this curve represents a
value recorded every second taken every two hours. There is therefore a substantial loss of information (7,199 out of 7,200), but
the display is rapid.
68
This curve differs considerably from the previous one, because the MIN-AVG-MAX mode is activated. Each point of the mean
curve represents the arithmetic mean of 7,200 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the maxima represents
the maximum of the 7,200 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the minima corresponds to the minimum of
the 7,200 values recorded every second.
This display is therefore more precise, because there is no loss of information, but slower (see the table in figure 108).
Display of the record is not complete because construction was stopped before the end.
69
The following table indicates the time needed to display the curve on screen as a function of the width of the display window for
a recording period of one second:
These times can be long, so it has been made possible to stop the display at any time by pressing the key.
But note that this may restart the loading and/or calculation of the values from the beginning.
70
10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE
10.1. 3L FILTER
10.1.1. THE POWERS DISPLAY SCREEN
The W... sub-menu is used to display the powers.
Active power.
Reactive power.
Distortion power.
Apparent power.
Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the AR tab of the Calculation Methods menu of
the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the D label (distortion power)
would have disappeared and the Q1 label would have been replaced by the N label. This non-active power is unsigned and
has no inductive or capacitive effect.
Power factor.
71
10.1.3. THE ENERGIES CONSUMED DISPLAY SCREEN
The sub-menu displays the meters of energy consumed by the load.
Active energy.
Reactive energy.
Apparent energy.
Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu
of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the Dh label (distortion
energy) would have disappeared and the Q1h label would have been replaced by the Nh label. This non-active energy has
no inductive or capacitive effect.
Active energy.
Reactive energy.
Apparent energy.
Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu
of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the Dh label (distortion
energy) would have disappeared and the Q1h label would have been replaced by the Nh label. This non-active energy has
no inductive or capacitive effect.
Active power.
Power factor (PF).
DC power.
Fundamental power factor (also
Reactive power. called displacement factor - DPF).
Apparent power.
Phase shift of voltage with respect
to current.
Figure 113: the Powers and Associated Quantities display screen in L1
72
Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods
menu of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the D label (distortion
power) would have disappeared and the Q1 label would have been replaced by the N label. This non-active power has no
inductive or capacitive effect.
Filters L2 and L3 display the same information for phases 2 and 3.
ΦUA is displayed for the 2-wire two-phase set-up.
Active energy.
Reactive energy.
Apparent energy.
Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice «non-active quantities broken down» in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu
of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been «non-active quantities not broken down», then the Dh label (distortion
energy) would have disappeared and the Q1h label would have been replaced by the Nh label. This non-active energy has
no inductive or capacitive effect.
Filters L2 and L3 display the same information for phases 2 and 3.
10.3. FILTER Σ
10.3.1. THE TOTAL POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES DISPLAY SCREEN
The W... sub-menu displays the powers and associated quantities.
Figure 115: the Total Powers and Associated Quantities display screen in Σ
Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu
of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the D label (distortion
power) would have disappeared and the Q1 label would have been replaced by the N label. This non-active power has no
inductive or capacitive effect.
73
10.3.2. THE TOTAL ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN
The Wh... sub-menu displays the energy meters.
Figure 116: the Total Energies Consumed and Generated display screen in Σ
Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu
of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the Dh label (distortion
energy) would have disappeared and the Q1h label would have been replaced by the Nh label. This non-active energy has
no inductive or capacitive effect.
For the 3-wire three-phase set-up, only the display of total quantities is available, the method of calculation of the powers
used is the two-wattmeter method (with 2 sensors connected) or the three-wattmeter method with virtual neutral (with 3
sensors connected) (see Appendix, §16.1.4.3).
Note: The non-nullity threshold is 11.6 kWh for non-nuclear toe and 3.84 kWh for nuclear toe.
74
10.5. DISCONNECTION OF ENERGY METERING
To suspend energy metering, press .
A disconnection of the metering is not definitive. It can be resumed by pressing the key again.
Note: If no recording is in progress, then disconnecting the energy metering leads to the appearance of the blinking symbol in
the status bar (in place of the symbol). Disconnecting the energy metering also leads to the replacement of the key
by the key.
75
11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE
The key can be used to take up to 50 screen snapshots and display the recorded snapshots.
Saved screens may then be transferred to a PC using the PAT2 application (Power Analyser Transfer).
When a screen snapshot is taken, the icon of the active mode ( , , , , , , ) in the top strip of the display
unit is replaced by the icon. You can then release the key .
The device can record only 50 screen snapshots. If you want to record a 51st screen, the device informs you that snapshots must
be deleted by displaying the icon in place of .
Press to display the selected snapshot. The icon is displayed in alternation with the icon for the mode that was active when
the snapshot was taken ( , , , , , , ).
Press the key and validate by pressing . The snapshot then disappears from the list.
To cancel the deletion, press rather than .
76
12. HELP KEY
The key provides information about the key functions and symbols used in the current display mode.
Help page 1.
Figure 121: The help screen for the powers and energies mode, page 1
Figure 122: the screen of the help page for the powers and energies mode, page 2
77
13. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE
The PAT2 (Power Analyser Transfer 2) data export software supplied with the device is used to transfer the data recorded in the
device to a PC.
To install it, load the installation CD in the CD drive of your PC, then follow the instructions on screen.
Then connect the device to the PC using the USB cord supplied, after removing the cover that protects the USB port on the device.
C.A 8336
POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER
? W
QUALISTAR +
Switch the device on by pressing the key and wait for your PC to detect it.
The PAT2 transfer software automatically defines the communication rate between the PC and the device.
Note: All measurements recorded in the device can be transferred to the PC via the USB link, using the PAT2 program. The transfer
does not erase the recorded data unless the user explicitly asks it to.
The data stored in the memory card can also be read on a PC, using an SD card reader and the PAT2 program. For an
explanation of how to withdraw the memory card, refer to §17.5.
For directions for using the data export software, use its Help function or refer to its user manual.
78
14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
%RH
95
85
75 1 = Reference range.
2 = Range for use.
3 2 1 4 3 = Range for storage with batteries.
4 = Range for storage without batteries.
45
10
°C
-20 0 20 26 35 42,5 50 70
Caution: at temperatures above 40°C, the device must be powered by the battery alone OR by the mains power unit alone; use
of the device with both the battery AND the mains power unit is prohibited.
Altitude :
Use < 2 000 m
Storage < 10 000 m
Degree of pollution : 2.
Use indoors.
Tightness
IP53 per EN 60529 when the device is on its stand, with no lead connected, with the jack cover and the cap on the USB
connector in the closed position
IP20 at the level of the measurement terminals
IK08 per EN 62262
79
14.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Emissions and immunity in an industrial setting compliant with IEC 61326-1.
As regards electromagnetic emissions, the device belongs to group 1, class A, under standard EN55011. Class A devices are
intended for use in industrial environments. There may be difficulties ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments,
because of conducted and radiated disturbance.
As regards immunity to radio frequency fields, the device is equipment intended for use at industrial sites under standard IEC61326-1.
If the device is to be left unused for an extended period, remove the battery (see § 17.3).
14.5.3. CONSUMPTION
14.5.4. BATTERY LIFE
Battery life is 10 hours when the battery delivered with the device is fully charged, with the display screen on. If the display screen
is off (saving energy), battery life is more than 15 hours.
80
14.5.5. DISPLAY UNIT
The display unit is an active matrix (TFT) LCD type having the following characteristics:
5.7” diagonal
resolution 320 x 240 pixels (1/4 VGA)
colour
minimum luminosity 210 cd/m², typical 300 cd/m²
response time between 10 and 25 ms
angle of view 80° in all directions
excellent rendering from 0 to 50°C
81
15. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
82
15.3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
15.3.1. VOLTAGE INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Range for use: 0 Vrms to 1000 Vrms AC+DC phase-to-neutral and neutral-to-earth.
0 Vrms to 2000 Vrms AC+DC phase-to-phase.
(on condition of compliance with 1000 Vrms with respect to earth in Cat III).
Input impedance: 1195 kW (between phase and neutral and between neutral and earth).
Admissible overload: 1200 Vrms constant.
2000 Vrms for one second.
Flex® type current sensors (AmpFlex® and MiniFlex®) switch the current input to an integrator assembly (amplified or unamplified
Rogowski channel) capable of interpreting the signals from Rogowski sensors. The input impedance is reduced to 12.4 kW in this
case.
15.3.3. BANDWIDTH
Measurement channels: 256 points per period, i.e.:
At 50 Hz: 6.4 kHz (256 × 50 ÷ 2).
At 60 Hz: 7.68 kHz (256 × 60 ÷ 2).
83
15.3.4. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVICE ALONE (EXCLUDING THE CURRENT SENSOR)
Quantities concerning currents and voltages
Measurement range without ratio
(with unity ratio) Display resolution Maximum intrinsic
Measurement
(with unity ratio) error
Minimum Maximum
Frequency 40 Hz 70 Hz 10 mHz ±10 mHz
100 mV
±(0.5 % + 200 mV)
V < 1000 V
simple 2 V 1,000 V (1)
1V
±(0.5 % + 1 V)
RMS V ≥ 1000 V
voltage(5) 100 mV
±(0.5 % + 200 mV)
U < 1000 V
compound 2 V 2,000 V (2)
1V
±(0.5 % + 1 V)
U ≥ 1000 V
100 mV
±(1 % + 500 mV)
V < 1000 V
simple 2 V 1,200 V (3)
1V
Direct ±(1 % + 1 V)
V ≥ 1000 V
voltage
(DC)(6) 100 mV
±(1 % + 500 mV)
U < 1000 V
compound 2 V 2,400 V (3)
1V
±(1 % + 1 V)
U ≥ 1000 V
100 mV
V < 1000 V
simple 2 V 1,000 V (1)
±(0.8 % + 1 V)
1V
RMS ½ V ≥ 1000 V
voltage 100 mV
U < 1000 V
compound 2 V 2,000 V (2)
±(0.8 % + 1 V)
1V
U ≥ 1000 V
100 mV
V < 1000 V
simple 2 V 1,414 V (4) ±(3 % + 2 V)
1V
Peak V ≥ 1000 V
voltage 100 mV
U < 1000 V
compound 2 V 2,828 V (4) ±(3 % + 2 V)
1V
U ≥ 1000 V
See the
Severity of short-term flicker (PST) 0 12 0.01
corresponding table
Severity of long-term flicker (PLT) 0 12 0.01 Uncertainty of PST
±(1 % + 5 ct)
Peak factor (PF) CF < 4
1 9.99 0.01
(voltage and current) ±(5 % + 2 ct)
CF ≥ 4
(1) In 1,000 Vrms, category III, provided that the voltage between each of the terminals and earth does not exceed 1,000 Vrms.
(2) Two-phase (opposite phases) – same note as (1).
(3) Limitation of the voltage inputs.
(4) 1000 x √2 ≈ 1414; 2000 x √2 ≈ 2828;
(5) Total RMS value and RMS value of the fundamental
(6) DC harmonic component (n= 0)
84
Measurement range without ratio
(with unity ratio) Display resolution Maximum intrinsic
Measurement
(with unity ratio) error
Minimum Maximum
J93 clamp 3A 3,500 A 1A ±(0.5 % + 1 A)
100 mA
±(0.5 % + 200 mA)
C193 clamp A < 1000 A
1 A 1,000 A
PAC93 clamp 1A
±(0.5 % + 1 A)
A ≥ 1000 A
MN93 clamp 200 mA 200 A 100 mA ±(0.5 % + 200 mA)
10 mA
±(0.5 % + 20 mA)
E3N clamp (10 mV/A) A < 100 A
100 mA 100 A
MN93A clamp (100 A) 100 mA
±(0.5 % + 100 mA)
A ≥ 100 A
1 mA
±(0.5 % + 2 mA)
A < 10 A
E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 10 mA 10 A
10 mA
±(0.5 % + 10 mA)
RMS A ≥ 10 A
current(2) MN93A clamp (5 A)
5 A adapter 5 mA 5A 1 mA ±(0.5 % + 2 mA)
Essailec® adapter
1A
AmpFlex® A193 A < 10 kA
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 10 kA ±(0.5 % + 3 A)
(10 kA) 10 A
A ≥ 10 kA
100 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 1000 A
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 6,500 A ±(0.5 % + 3 A)
(6500 A) 1A
A ≥ 1000 A
10 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 100 A
MiniFlex® MA193 100 mA 100 A ±(3 % + 30 mA)
(100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
J93 clamp 3A 5,000 A 1A ±(1 % + 1 A)
100 mA
A < 1000 A
PAC93 clamp 1A 1,300 A (1) ±(1 % + 1 A)
1A
A ≥ 1000 A
Direct 10 mA
current A < 100 A
(DC)(3) E3N clamp (10 mV/A) 100 mA 100 A (1)
±(1 % + 100 mA)
100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
1 mA
A < 10 A
E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 10 mA 10 A (1)
±(1 % + 10 mA)
10 mA
A ≥ 10 A
85
Measurement range without ratio
(with unity ratio) Display resolution
Measurement Maximum intrinsic error
(with unity ratio)
Minimum Maximum
J93 clamp 1A 3,500 A 1A ± (1 % + 1 A)
100 mA
C193 clamp A < 1,000 A
1 A 1,200 A ±(1 % + 1 A)
PAC93 clamp 1A
A ≥ 1,000 A
MN93 clamp 200 mA 240 A 100 mA ±(1 % + 1 A)
10 mA
E3N clamp (10 mV/A) A < 100 A
0.1A 120 A ±(1 % + 100 mA)
MN93A clamp (100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
1 mA
A < 10 A
E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 10 mA 12 A ±(1 % + 10 mA)
10 mA
RMS ½ A ≥ 10 A
current MN93A clamp (5 A)
5 A adapter 5 mA 6A 1 mA ±(1 % + 10 mA)
Essailec® adapter
1A
AmpFlex® A193 A < 10 kA
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 10 kA ±(2.5 % + 5 A)
(10 kA) 10 A
A ≥ 10 kA
100 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 1000 A
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 6,500 A ±(2.5 % + 5 A)
(6500 A) 1A
A ≥ 1000 A
10 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 100 A
MiniFlex® MA193 100 mA 100 A ±(2.5 % + 200 mA)
(100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
J93 clamp 1A 4,950 A (1) 1A ±(1 % + 2 A)
1A
C193 clamp A < 1,000 A
1A 1,414 A (1) ±(1 % + 2 A)
PAC93 clamp 1A
A ≥ 1,000 A
MN93 clamp 200 mA 282.8 A (1) 100 mA ±(1 % + 2 A)
10 mA
E3N clamp (10 mV/A) A < 100 A
100 mA 141.4 A (1) ±(1 % + 200 mA)
MN93A clamp (100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
1 mA
A < 10 A
E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 10 mA 14.14 A (1)
±(1 % + 20 mA)
10 mA
Peak A ≥ 10 A
current (PK) MN93A clamp (5 A)
5 A adapter 5 mA 7.071 A (1) 1 mA ±(1 % + 20 mA)
Essailec® adapter
1A
AmpFlex® A193 A < 10 kA
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 14.14 kA (1)
±(3 % + 5 A)
(10 kA) 10 A
A ≥ 10 kA
100 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 1,000 A
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 9,192 kA (1)
±(3 % + 5 A)
(6500 A) 1A
A ≥ 1,000 A
10 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 100 A
MiniFlex® MA193 100 mA 141.4 A (1)
±(3 % + 600 mA)
(100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
(1) 3,500 x √2 ≈ 4,950; 1000 x √2 ≈ 1,414; 200 x √2 ≈ 282.8; 100 x √2 ≈ 141.4; 10 x √2 ≈ 14.14; 10,000 x √2 ≈ 14,140;
6,500 x √2 ≈ 9192;
86
Quantities concerning powers and energies
Measurement range without ratio
(with unity ratio) Display resolution
Measurement Maximum intrinsic error
(with unity ratio)
Minimum Maximum
±(1 %)
cos F ≥ 0.8
Excluding Flex®
±(1.5 % + 10 ct)
Active 0.2 ≤ cos F < 0.8
10 mW (3)
10 MW (4)
4 digits at most (5)
power (P) (1) ±(1 %)
AmpFlex® cos F ≥ 0.8
MiniFlex® ±(1.5 % + 10 ct)
0.5 ≤ cos F < 0.8
±(1 %)
sin F ≥ 0.5
Excluding Flex®
Reactive ±(1.5 % + 10 ct)
power (Q1) (2) 0.2 ≤ sin F < 0.5
10 mvar (3)
10 Mvar (4)
4 digits at most (5)
and non- ±(1.5 %)
active (N) sin F ≥ 0.5
AmpFlex®
MiniFlex® ±(2.5 % + 20 ct)
0.2 ≤ sin F < 0.5
±(4 % + 20 ct)
if ∀ n ≥ 1, τn ≤(100 ÷ n) [%]
or
Distortion power (D) (7) 10 mvar (3) 10 Mvar (4) 4 digits at most (5) ±(2 % +(nmax × 0,5 %) + 100 ct)
THDA ≤ 20 %f
±(2 % +(nmax × 0,7 %) + 10 ct)
THDA > 20 %f
Apparent power (S) 10 mVA (3) 10 MVA (4) 4 digits at most (5) ±(1 %)
DC power (Pdc) 20 mVA (8)
6 MVA (9)
4 digits at most (5)
±(1.5 %)
cos F ≥ 0.5
Power factor (PF) -1 1 0.001
±(1.5 % + 10 ct)
0.2 ≤ cos F < 0.5
±(1 %)
cos F ≥ 0.8
Excluding Flex ®
±(1.5 %)
Active 0.2 ≤ cos F < 0.8
energy (Ph) 1 mWh 9,999,999 MWh (6)
7 digits at most (5)
(1) ±(1 %)
AmpFlex® cos F ≥ 0.8
MiniFlex® ±(1.5 %)
0.5 ≤ cos F < 0.8
±(1 %)
sin F ≥ 0.5
Excluding Flex ®
Reactive ±(1.5 %)
energy 0.2 ≤ sin F < 0.5
(Q1h) (2) and 1 mvarh 9,999,999 Mvarh (6)
7 digits at most (5)
non-active ±(1.5 %)
energy (N) (2) AmpFlex ® sin F ≥ 0.5
MiniFlex® ±(2.5 %)
0.2 ≤ sin F < 0.5
±(5.5 %)
THDA ≤ 20 %f
Distortion energy (Dh) 1 mvarh 9,999,999 Mvarh (6)
7 digits at most (5)
±(1.5 %)
THDA > 20 %f
Apparent energy (Sh) 1 mVAh 9,999,999 MVAh (6) 7 digits at most (5) ±(1 %)
DC energy (Pdch) 1 mWh 9,999,999 MWh (10)
7 digits at most (5)
(1) The stated uncertainties on the active power and energy measurements are maxima for |cos F| = 1 and typical for the other phase differences.
(2) The stated uncertainties on the reactive power and energy measurements are maxima for |sin F| = 1 and typical for the other phase shifts.
(3) With MN93A clamp (5 A) or 5 A adapter or Essailec® adapter.
(4) With AmpFlex® or MiniFlex® for a 2-wire single-phase connection (phase-to-ground voltage).
(5) The resolution depends on the current sensor used and on the value to be displayed.
(6) The energy is equivalent to more than 114 years of the associated maximum power (unity ratios).
(7) nmax is the highest order for which the harmonic ratio is non-zero.
(8) With E3N clamp (100 mV/A)
87
(9) With J93 clamp, for a 2-wire single-phase connection (phase-to-ground voltage).
(10) The energy corresponds to more than 190 years at maximum power Pdc (unit ratios).
88
Quantities concerning the spectral composition of the signals
Measurement range
Measurement Display resolution Maximum intrinsic error
Minimum Maximum
0.1 %
1500 %f tn < 1000 %
Voltage harmonic ratio (tn) 0% ±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
100 %r 1%
tn ≥ 1000 %
0.1 % ±(2 % + (n × 0.2 %) + 10 ct)
Current harmonic ratio (tn) 1500 %f tn < 1000 % n ≤ 25
0%
(non-Flex®) 100 %r 1% ±(2 % + (n × 0.6 %) + 5 ct)
tn ≥ 1000 % n > 25
0.1 % ±(2 % + (n × 0.3 %) + 5 ct)
Current harmonic ratio (tn) 1500 %f tn < 1000 % n ≤ 25
0%
(AmpFlex® & MiniFlex®) 100 %r 1% ±(2 % + (n × 0.6 %) + 5 ct)
tn ≥ 1000 % n > 25
Total voltage harmonic distortion (THD)
0% 999.9 % 0.1 % ±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
(referred to the fundamental) of voltage
±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
if ∀ n ≥ 1. tn ≤ (100 ÷ n) [%]
Total current harmonic distortion (THD) or
(referred to the fundamental) of current 0% 999.9 % 0.1 % ±(2 % + (nmax × 0.2 %) + 5 ct)
(non-Flex®) nmax ≤ 25
±(2 % + (nmax × 0.5 %) + 5 ct)
nmax > 25
±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
if ∀ n ≥ 1. tn ≤ (100 ÷ n2) [%]
Total current harmonic distortion (THD) or
(referred to the fundamental) of current 0% 999.9 % 0.1 % ±(2 % + (nmax × 0.3 %) + 5 ct)
(AmpFlex® & MiniFlex®) nmax ≤ 25
±(2 % + (nmax × 0.6 %) + 5 ct)
nmax > 25
Total voltage harmonic distortion (THD)
(referred to the signal without DC) of 0% 100 % 0.1 % ±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
voltage
±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
if ∀ n ≥ 1. tn ≤ (100 ÷ n) [%]
Total current harmonic distortion (THD) or
(referred to the signal without DC) of 0% 100 % 0.1 % ±(2 % + (nmax × 0.2 %) + 5 ct)
current (non-Flex®) nmax ≤ 25
±(2 % + (nmax × 0.5 %) + 5 ct)
nmax > 25
±(2.5 % + 5 ct)
if ∀ n ≥ 1. tn ≤ (100 ÷ n2) [%]
Total current harmonic distortion (THD) or
(referred to the signal without DC) of 0% 100 % 0.1 % ±(2 % + (nmax × 0.3 %) + 5 ct)
current (AmpFlex® & MiniFlex®) nmax ≤ 25
±(2 % + (nmax × 0.6 %) + 5 ct)
nmax > 25
±(5 % + (nmax × 0.4 %) + 5 ct)
nmax ≤ 25
Harmonic loss factor (FHL) 1 99.99 0.01
±(10 % + (nmax × 0.7 %) + 5 ct)
nmax > 25
±(5 % + (nmax × 0.4 %) + 5 ct)
nmax ≤ 25
K factor (FK) 1 99.99 0.01
±(10 % + (nmax × 0.7 %) + 5 ct)
nmax > 25
Phase shifts of harmonics (order ≥ 2) -179° 180° 1° ±(1.5° + 1° x (n ÷ 12.5)
Note : nmax is the highest order for which the harmonic ratio is non-zero.
89
Measurement range
(with unity ratio) Display resolution
Measurement Maximum intrinsic error
(with unity ratio)
Minimum Maximum
100 mV
V < 1000 V
simple 2 V 1000 V (1)
±(2.5 % + 1 V)
RMS 1V
harmonic V ≥ 1000 V
voltage 100 mV
(order n ≥ 2) U < 1000 V
compound 2 V 2000 V (2)
±(2.5 % + 1 V)
1V
U ≥ 1000 V
100 mV
V < 1000 V
simple (Vd) 2 V 1000 V (1)
±(2.5 % + 1 V)
1V
RMS V ≥ 1000 V
distortion
voltage 100 mV
U < 1000 V
compound (Ud) 2 V 2000 V (2) ±(2.5 % + 1 V)
1V
U ≥ 1000 V
±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 1 A)
J93 clamp 1A 3500 A 1A
n ≤ 25
100 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 1 A)
C193 clamp A < 1000 A n ≤ 25
1 A 1000 A
PAC93 clamp 1A ±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 1 A)
A ≥ 1000 A n > 25
±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 1 A)
n ≤ 25
MN93 clamp 200 mA 200 A 100 mA
±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 1 A)
n > 25
10 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 100 mA)
E3N clamp (10 mV/A) A < 100 A n ≤ 25
100 mA 100 A
MN93A clamp (100 A) 100 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 100 mA)
A ≥ 100 A n > 25
1 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 10 mA)
RMS E3N clamp (100 A < 10 A n ≤ 25
10 mA 10 A
harmonic mV/A) 10 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 10 mA)
current A ≥ 10 A n > 25
(order n ≥ 2) ±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 10 mA)
MN93A clamp (5 A) n ≤ 25
5 A adapter 5 mA 5A 1 mA
Essailec® adapter ±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 10 mA)
n > 25
1A ±(2 % + (n x 0.3%) + 1 A + (Afrms(3) x 0.1%))
AmpFlex® A193 A < 10 kA n ≤ 25
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 10 kA
(10 kA) 10 A ±(2 % + (n x 0.6%) + 1 A + (Afrms(3) x 0.1%))
A ≥ 10 kA n > 25
100 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.3%) + 1 A + (Afrms(3) x 0.1%))
AmpFlex® A193 A < 1,000 A n ≤ 25
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 6,500 A
(6500 A) 1A ±(2 % + (n x 0.6%) + 1 A + (Afrms(3) x 0.1%))
A ≥ 1,000 A n > 25
10 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.2%) + 30 pt)
AmpFlex® A193 A < 100 A n ≤ 25
MiniFlex® MA193 100 mA 100 A
(100 A) 100 mA ±(2 % + (n x 0.5%) + 30 pt)
A ≥ 100 A n > 25
90
Measurement range
(with unity ratio) Display resolution
Measurement Maximum intrinsic error
(with unity ratio)
Minimum Maximum
J93 clamp 1A 3500 A 1A ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 1 A)
100 mA
C193 clamp A < 1000 A
1 A 1000 A ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 1 A)
PAC93 clamp 1A
A ≥ 1000 A
MN93 clamp 200 mA 200 A 100 mA ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 1 A)
10 mA
E3N clamp (10 mV/A) A < 100 A
0.1A 100 A ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 100 mA)
MN93A clamp (100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
1 mA
E3N clamp (100 A < 10 A
10 mA 10 A ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 10 mA)
mV/A) 10 mA
RMS A ≥ 10 A
distortion
current MN93A clamp (5 A)
(Ad) (1) 5 A adapter 5 mA 5A 1 mA ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 10 mA)
Essailec® adapter
1A
AmpFlex® A193 A < 10 kA
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 10 kA ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 1 A)
(10 kA) 10 A
A ≥ 10 kA
100 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 1,000 A
MiniFlex® MA193 10 A 6,500 A ±((nmax x 0.4%) + 1 A)
(6500 A) 1A
A ≥ 1,000 A
10 mA
AmpFlex® A193 A < 100 A
MiniFlex® MA193 100 mA 100 A ±(nmax x 0.5%) + 30 pt)
(100 A) 100 mA
A ≥ 100 A
(1) In 1,000 Vrms, category III, provided that the voltage between each of the terminals and earth does not exceed 1,000 Vrms.
100 9,999,900 x √3
Voltage
1,000 x √3 0,1
Current (1)
1 60,000 / 1
(1) Only for the MN93A clamp (5 A), the 5 A adapter and the Essailec® adapter.
91
Measurement ranges after application of the ratios
Measurement range
Measurement Minimum Maximum
with minimum ratio(s) with maximum ratio(s)
92
15.3.5. CURRENT SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS (AFTER LINEARIZATION)
Sensor errors are offset by a typical correction inside the device. This typical correction, applied to the phase and amplitude, depends
on the type of sensor connected (detected automatically) and the gain in the current acquisition channel used.
The RMS current measurement error and phase error are additional errors (which must therefore be added to the device errors),
indicated as influences on the calculations carried out by the analyser (powers, energies, power factors, tangents, etc.).
Type of sensor RMS current (Arms) Maximum error for Arms Maximum error for F
Note: This table does not take into account possible distortion of the measured signal (THD) because of the physical limitations
of the current sensor (saturation of the magnetic circuit or of the Hall-effect cell). Class B under standard IEC61000-4-30.
93
15.4. CLASS B UNDER STANDARD IEC 61000-4-30
15.4.1. CONFORMITY OF THE DEVICE
The device and its Power Analyzer Transfer 2 operating software are compliant with class B of standard IEC61000-4-30 for the
following parameters:
Industrial frequency,
Supply voltage amplitude,
Flicker,
Supply voltage brownouts,
Temporary overvoltages at industrial frequency,
Supply voltage blackouts,
Voltage transients,
Supply voltage unbalance,
Voltage harmonics.
Remark: To ensure this compliance, trend recordings (Trend mode) must be made with:
A recording period of one second,
The quantities Vrms and Urms selected,
The quantities V-h01 and U-h01 selected.
94
16. APPENDICES
This section presents the mathematical formulae used in calculating various parameters.
The instantaneous frequency is measured by analysing eight consecutive positive-going zero crossings on the signal in question
after digital low-pass filtering and digital suppression of the DC component (i.e. 7 periods filtered). The time of the zero crossing
is determined precisely by linear interpolation between two samples.
The device is capable of calculating an instantaneous frequency simultaneously on each of the 3 phases in voltage (phase-to-neutral
for distribution systems with neutral and phase-to-phase for distribution systems without neutral) or in current. It then chooses one
from among two or three of them as the official instantaneous frequency.
The network frequency over one second is the harmonic mean of the instantaneous frequencies.
The signals are acquired using a 16-bit converter and (for current acquisition) dynamic gain switches.
Notes: these values are calculated for each half-cycle so as not to miss any fault.
NechDemPer is the number of samples in the half cycle.
Minimum and maximum RMS phase-to-phase voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].
Umax [i] = max(Udem[i]), Umin[i] = min(Udem[i])
Note: The duration of the evaluation is left to the user’s discretion (reset by pressing the key in the MAX-MIN mode).
95
16.1.2.3. DC quantities (neutral included except Udc – reassessment every second)
Phase-to-ground DC voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ∈ neutral-ground voltage)
1 NechSec −1
Vdc[i ] = ⋅ ∑ V [i ][n]
NechSec n =0
The input values are half-period RMS voltages (phase-to-neutral for distribution systems with neutral, phase-to-phase for distribution
systems without neutral). Blocks 3 and 4 are generated digitally. The classifier of block 5 has 128 levels.
The value of PST[i] is updated every 10 minutes (phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]).
Note: The user can reset the PST calculation by pressing the key in the Summary mode. It is important to note that the
10-minute intervals do not necessarily start on an integer multiple of 10 minutes of universal time coordinated (UTC).
3 ∑ PST [i][n]3
PLT [i ] = n =0
12
12
The values of PST[i][n] are consecutive and 10 minutes apart. The value of PLT[i] (phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]) calculated in a two-
hour window is updated either:
every 10 minutes (Sliding long-term flicker – Configuration >Calculation methods >PLT)
or every 2 hours (Non-sliding long-term flicker – Configuration >Calculation methods >PLT)
Note: The user can reset the PLT calculation by pressing the key in the Summary mode. It is important to note that the
2-hour intervals do not necessarily start on an integer multiple of 10 minutes (sliding PLT) or of 2 hours (non-sliding PLT)
of universal time coordinated (UTC).
16.1.2.6. Peak values (neutral included except Upp and Upm – reassessment every second
Positive and negative phase-to-neutral peak voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).
Vpp[i] = max(V[i][n]), Vpm[i] = min(V[i][n]) n ∈ [0; N]
Positive and negative phase-to-phase peak voltages of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2].
Upp[i] = max(U[i][n]), Upm[i] = min(U[i][n]) n ∈ [0 ; N]
Positive and negative peak currents of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).
App[i] = max(A[i][n]), Apm[i] = min(A[i][n]) n ∈ [0; N]
Note: The duration of the evaluation is left to the user’s discretion (reset by pressing the key in the MAX-MIN mode).
96
16.1.2.7. Peak factors (neutral included except Ucf – over one second)
Peak factor of phase-to-neutral voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).
max( Vpp[i] , Vpm[i] )
Vcf [i ] =
NechSec−1
1
NechSec
⋅ ∑V [i][n]
n =0
2
Note: NechSec is the number of samples in the second. The duration of evaluation of the peak values here is one second.
16.1.2.8. Rms values (neutral included except Urms – over one second)
RMS phase-to-neutral voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral).
NechSec −1
1
Vrms[i ] =
NechSec
⋅ ∑ V [i][n]
n =0
2
2π
j
Note: The operations are vector operations in complex notation with a = e 3
Positive-sequence fundamental symmetrical phase-to-ground voltage (vector) in a distribution system with neutral
1
Vrms + = (VFrms[0] + a ⋅ VFrms[1] + a 2 ⋅ VFrms[2])
3
Negative-sequence fundamental symmetrical phase-to-ground voltage (vector) in a distribution system with neutral
1
Vrms − = (VFrms[0] + a 2 ⋅ VFrms[1] + a ⋅ VFrms[2])
3
97
Negative-sequence unbalance factor of the phase-to-ground voltages in a distribution system with neutral
Vrms −
Vunb =
Vrms +
Remark: The following quantities are saved with the negative-sequence unbalance factor in a trend recording: Vns = |Vrms-|
and Vps = |Vrms+| (the norms of the negative-sequence and positive-sequence fundamental symmetrical components,
respectively).
Positive-sequence phase-to-phase fundamental symmetrical voltage (vector) in a distribution system without neutral
1
Urms + = ( UFrms[0] + a ⋅ UFrms[1] + a 2 ⋅ UFrms[2])
3
Negative-sequence phase-to-phase fundamental symmetrical voltage (vector) in a distribution system without neutral
1
Urms − = ( UFrms[0] + a 2 ⋅ UFrms[1] + a ⋅ UFrms[2])
3
Negative-sequence unbalance factor of the phase-to-phase voltages in a distribution system without neutral
Urms −
Uunb =
Urms +
Remark: The following quantities are saved with the negative-sequence unbalance factor in a trend recording: Uns = |Urms-|
and Ups = |Urms+| (the norms of the negative-sequence and positive-sequence fundamental symmetrical components,
respectively).
Remark: The following quantities are saved with the negative-sequence unbalance factor in a trend recording: Ans = |Arms-|
and Aps = |Arms+| (the norms of the negative-sequence and positive-sequence fundamental symmetrical components,
respectively).
98
16.1.3. HARMONIC MODE
16.1.3.1. FFT (neutral included except for Uharm and VAharm – over 4 consecutive periods every second)
These calculations are carried out by FFT (16 bits), 1024 points over four cycles, with a rectangular window (see IEC61000-4-7).
From the real parts bk and the imaginary parts ak, the harmonic factor is calculated for each order (j) and for each phase (i) Vharm[i]
[j], Uharm[i][j] and Aharm[i][j] with respect to the fundamental and the angles Vph[i][j], Uph[i][j] and Aph[i][j] with respect to the
fundamental. For the neutral-earth voltage and the neutral current, the level of harmonics is calculated for each order (j) Vharm[3]
[j] and Aharm[3][j] with respect to the total RMS value (AC+DC) of the complete signal (the harmonic angles are not calculated).
Note: The calculations are performed sequentially: {V1; A1} then {V2; A2} then {V3; A3} then {UN ; AN} then {U1; U2} and finally
{U3}. In the case of a 2-wire two-phase distribution source, the couple {V1; A1} is replaced by the couple {U1; A1}.
ck
The level in % with respect to the fundamental [% f] ⇔ τ k = 100
c4
ck
The level in % with respect to the total RMS value [% r] ⇔ τ k = 5050
100
∑C
m =0
2
4m
ak
The angle with respect to the fundamental in degrees [°] ⇔ ϕ k = arctan −ϕ4
bk
c = bk + ja = a k2 + bk2
k k
1024
1 kπ
bk
= ∑
512 s =0
Fs ⋅ sin
512
s +ϕk
with 1024
1 kπ
ak
= ∑
512 s =0
Fs ⋅ cos
512
s +ϕk
1024
c 1
0 = ∑
1024 s =0
Fs
k k
ck is the amplitude of the component of order m = with a frequency f k = f 4 .
4 4
Fs f
is the sampled signal at the fundamental frequency 4 .
co is the DC component.
k
k is the index of the spectral spike (the order of the harmonic component is m = ).
4
Note: The power harmonic factors are calculated by multiplying the phase-to-neutral voltage harmonic factors by the current
harmonic factors. The power harmonic angles (VAharm[i][j] and VAph[i][j]) are calculated by differentiating the phase-to-
neutral voltage harmonic angles with the current harmonic angles. In the case of a 2-wire two-phase distribution source,
the phase-to-neutral voltage V1 is replaced by the phase-to-phase voltage U1 and one obtains the harmonic power levels
UAharm[0][j] and the harmonic power angles UAph[0][j].
99
Total harmonic distortion of channel (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (THD-R).
50
50 50
50 50
50
Vthdr[i] = n=2
50
50
, Uthdr[i] = n=2
50
50
, Athdr[i] = n=2
50
50
n =1 n =1 n =1
The THD as a proportion of the RMS-AC value (THD-R) is also called the distortion factor (DF).
16.1.3.3. Harmonic loss factor (without neutral – over 4 consecutive periods every second)
Harmonic loss factor of the phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]
50
n =50
∑n ⋅ Aharm[i ][n]
2 2
FHL[i] = n =1
50
n =50
∑ Aharm[i ][n]
2
n =1
∑n ⋅ Aharm[i ][n]
q 2
e
FK [i] = 1 +
FK . n=2
1+ e 50
n =50
∑ Aharm[i][n]
2
n =1
1
2 ∑ Aharm[i][3 j + 2]
∑
j =0
Aharm − =
3 i =0
Aharm[i ][1]
1
2 ∑ Vharm[i][3 j + 2]
∑
j =0
Vharm − =
3 i =0
Vharm[i ][1]
1
2 ∑ Uharm[i][3 j + 2]
∑
j =0
Uharm − =
3 i =0
Uharm[i ][1]
Zero-sequence harmonics
7
1
2 ∑ Aharm[i][3 j + 3]
∑
j =0
Aharm 0 =
3 i =0
Aharm[i ][1]
100
Three-phase systems with neutral
7
1
2 ∑ Vharm[i][3 j + 3]
∑
j =0
Vharm 0 =
3 i =0
Vharm[i ][1]
1
2 ∑ Uharm[i][3 j + 3]
∑
j =0
Uharm 0 =
3 i =0
Uharm[i ][1]
1
2 ∑ Aharm[i][3 j + 4]
∑
j =0
Aharm + =
3 i =0
Aharm[i ][1]
1
2 ∑ Vharm[i][3 j + 4]
∑
j =0
Vharm + =
3 i =0
Vharm[i ][1]
1
2 ∑ Uharm[i][3 j + 4]
∑
j =0
Uharm + =
3 i =0
Uharm[i ][1]
16.1.4. POWER
Powers without neutral – over one second
Reactive power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] (Non-active quantities broken down).
NechSec −1
1 NechPer
Q1 [i ] = VARF[i ] =
NechSec
⋅ ∑n =0
F [i ][ n −
V
VF
4
F [i ][n]
]⋅ A
AF
Distortion power of the phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] (Non-active quantities broken down).
D[i] = VA
AD [i ] = S[i] − P[i ] − Q1 [i ]
2 2 2
D
Non-active power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0;2] (Non-active quantities broken down).
N[i] = VAR
R [i] = S[i ] − P[i ]
2 2
A
101
Total active power
P[3] = W[3] = P[0] + P[1] + P[2]
Total DC power
Pdc[3] = Wdc[3] = Pdc[0] + Pdc[1] + Pdc[2]
The three-wattmeter method with virtual neutral is applied for the calculation of the total active power, of the total reactive power
and of the total DC power.
S( )
2 NechSec-1
P[3]=W[3]=
i=0
1
NechSec S n=0
V[i][n].A[i][n]
Total DC power.
2
Pdc[3]=Wdc[3]=
S
i=0
(Vdc[i].Adc[i])
S[3]=VA[3]=
1
√3
√ (Urms²[0]+Urms²[1]+Urms²[2])
√ (Arms²[0]+Arms²[1]+Arms²[2])
Note: This is the RMS total apparent power as defined in IEEE 1459-2010 for distribution systems without neutral.
Total reactive power (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration > Methods of calculation > var)
S( [ ] )
2 NechSec-1
Q1[3]=VARF[3]=
i=0
1
NechSec S
n=0
VF[i] n-
NechPer
4
. AF[i][n]
Total distortion power (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration > Methods of calculation > var)
Total non-active power (Non-active quantities not broken down – Configuration > Methods of calculation > var)
102
16.1.4.3. Three-phase system without neutral
Three-phase distribution systems without neutral are considered as a whole (no phase-by-phase power calculation). The device
therefore displays only the total quantities.
The two-wattmeter method (Aron method or two-element method) is applied for the calculation of the total active power, of the total
reactive power and of the total DC power.
a) Reference in L1
Active power, Wattmeter 1
1 NechSec −1
P[0] = W[0] = ⋅ ∑ U [2][n] ⋅ A[2][n]
NechSec n =0
DC power, Wattmeter 1
Pdc[0] = Wdc[0] = Udc[2] . Adc[2]
DC power, Wattmeter 2
Pdc[1] = Wdc[1] = Udc[0] . Adc[1]
b) Reference in L2
Active power, Wattmeter 1
1 NechSec −1
P[0] = W[0] = ⋅ ∑ U [0][n] ⋅ A[0][n]
NechSec n =0
DC power, Wattmeter 1
Pdc[0] = Wdc[0] = Udc[0] . Adc[0]
DC power, Wattmeter 2
Pdc[1] = Wdc[1] = Udc[1] . Adc[2]
103
c) Reference in L3
Active power, Wattmeter 1
1 NechSec −1
P[0] = W[0] = ⋅ ∑ − U [2][n] ⋅ A[0][n]
NechSec n =0
DC power, Wattmeter 1
Pdc[0] = Wdc[0] = -Udc[2] . Adc[0]
DC power, Wattmeter 2
Pdc[1] = Wdc[1] = Udc[1] . Adc[1]
Total DC power
Pdc[3] = Wdc[3] = Pdc[0] + Pdc[1]
Note: This is the total apparent RMS power as defined in IEEE 1459-2010 for distribution systems without neutral.
Total reactive power (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Methods of calculation >VAR)
Q1[3] = VARF[3] = Q1[0] + Q1[1]
Total distortion power (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
D[3] = VAD
D [3] = S[3] 2 − P[3] − Q1 [3]
2 2
A
Total non-active power (Non-active quantities not broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
N[3] = VAR
R [3] = S[3] − P[3]
2 2
A
104
Active power
1 NechSec −1
P[0] = W[0] = ⋅ ∑ U [0][n] ⋅ A[0][n]
NechSec n =0
DC power
Pdc[0] = Wdc[0] = Udc[0] . Adc[0]
Apparent power
S[0] = VA[0] = Urms[0] . Arms[0]
Reactive power (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
1 NechSec −1
NechPer
Q1 [0] = VARF[0] = ⋅ ∑ UF F [0][ n −
U F [0][n]
] ⋅ AF
A
NechSec n =0 4
Distortion power (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
Non-active power (Non-active quantities not broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
Fundamental power factor of phase (i+1) or cosine of the angle of the phase-to-neutral voltage fundamental of phase (i+1) with
respect to the current fundamental of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]
Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.
Tangent of phase (i+1) or tangent of the angle of the phase-to-neutral voltage fundamental of phase (i+1) with respect to the current
fundamental of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2]
105
With:
NechSec −1 NechSec −1 NechSec −1
P1 [3] = ∑VF
V
n =0
F [0][n] + ∑VF
F [0][n] ⋅ AF
A V F [1][n] + ∑VF
F [1][n] ⋅ AF
A
n =0
F [2][n] ⋅AF
V F [2][n]
A
n =0
NechSec −1 NechSec −1 NechSec −1
NechPer NechPer NechPer
Q1 [3] = ∑
n=0
F [0][ n −
VF
V
4
F [0][n] +
] ⋅ AF
A ∑
n=0
VF
F [1][ n −
V
4
F [1][n] +
] ⋅AF
A ∑
n=0
VF
F [2][ n −
V
4
F [2][n]
] ⋅ AF
A
Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.
Total tangent
Q1 [3]
Tan [3] =
P1 [3]
With:
S( S )
2 NechSec-1
P1[3]= VF[i][n].AF[i][n]
i=0 n=0
S( S [ ] )
2 NechSec-1
NechPer
Q1[3]= VF[i] n- . AF[i][n]
4
i=0 n=0
Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.
Total tangent
Q1[3]
Tan[3]=
QP1[3]
If reference on L2
NechSec −1 NechSec −1
1 1
P1 [3] =
NechSec
⋅ ∑ U [0][n]⋅ A[0][n] + NechSec ⋅ ∑ − U [1][n]⋅ A[2][n]
n =0 n =0
106
If reference on L3
NechSec −1 NechSec −1
1 1
P1 [3] =
NechSec
⋅ ∑n =0
− U [2][n]⋅ A[0][n] +
NechSec
⋅ ∑ U [1][n]⋅ A[1][n]
n =0
Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.
Total tangent
Q1 [3]
Tan [3] =
P1 [3]
Power factor
P[0]
PF [0] =
PF
S [0]
With:
NechSec −1
1
P1 [0] =
NechSec
⋅ ∑UF
F [0][n]⋅ AF
U
n =0
F [0][n]
A
Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.
Tangent
Q1 [0]
Tan [0] =
P1 [0]
107
16.1.6. ENERGIES
Energies excluding neutral – over Tint with refresh every second
108
Total consumed capacitive reactive energy
(Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
Q1C[0][3] = VARhC[0][3] = Q1C[0][0] + Q1C[0][1] + Q1C[0][2]
109
Total generated inductive reactive energy
(Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
Q1hL[1][3] = VARhL[1][3] = Q1hL[1][0] + Q1hL[1][1] + Q1hL[1][2]
Note: Two-phase distribution systems without neutral (2-wire two-phase) are treated as single-phase distribution system having
their voltage reference on L2 rather than N (neutral).
110
Total consumed non-active energy
(Non-active quantities not broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >VAR)
Tint
N [i ][n]
h [0][i ] = VARh[0][i ] = ∑
N
Nh
n 3600
111
16.2. DISTRIBUTION SOURCES SUPPORTED BY THE DEVICE
See connections in §4.6.
16.3. HYSTERESIS
Hysteresis is a screening principle that is often used after detection of a threshold stage in Alarm mode (see §4.10) and in
Inrush current mode (see §5.2). A correct hysteresis setting avoids repeated changes of state when the measurement oscillates
about the threshold.
Maximum
Threshold
Hysteresis
Return level
Duration
Duration
Return level
Hysteresis
Threshold
Minimum
16.4. MINIMUM SCALE VALUES FOR WAVEFORMS AND MINIMUM RMS VALUES
Minimum scale value
Minimum RMS values
(waveform mode)
Phase-to-neutral and phase-to-phase voltages 8 V (1) 2 V (1)
AmpFlex A193 (6500 A and 10 kA)
®
90 A 10 A
MiniFlex MA193 (6500 A et 10 kA)
®
90 A 10 A
AmpFlex® A193 (100 A) 800 mA 100 mA
MiniFlex® MA193 (100 A) 800 mA 100 mA
J93 clamp 30 A 3A
C193 clamp 8A 1A
PAC93 clamp 8A 1A
MN93 clamp 2A 200 mA
MN93A clamp (100 A) 800 mA 100 mA
E3N clamp (10 mV/A) 800 mA 100 mA
E3N clamp (100 mV/A) 80 mA 10 mA
MN93A clamp (5 A) 40 mA (1)
5 mA (1)
5 A and Essailec® adapter 40 mA (1) 5 mA (1)
(1) Value to be multiplied by the ratio in effect (if not unity).
16.5. FOUR-QUADRANT DIAGRAM
112
This diagram is used for power and energy measurements (see §9).
Figure 123: Four-quadrant diagram
Triggering event
to the threshold programmed in the Transient mode of the configuration (see §4.8).
113
Triggering filter Triggering and stop conditions
16.8. GLOSSARY
AC and DC components.
AC component only.
DC component only.
Inductive phase shift.
Capacitive phase shift.
° Degree.
-.+ Expert mode.
| | Absolute value.
ΦVA Phase shift of the phase-to-neutral (phase voltage) voltage with respect to the phase-to-neutral current (line current).
ΦUA Phase shift of the voltage phase-to-phase (line voltage) with respect to the phase-to-neutral current (line current). Two-
wire two-phase mode only.
Σ Value of the system.
% Percentage.
%f Fundamental value as reference (percentage of the fundamental).
%r Total value as reference (percentage of the total value).
A Phase-to-ground current (line current) or the unit “ampere”.
A-h Harmonic in current.
Acf Peak factor of the current.
Ad RMS distortion current.
Adc DC current.
Apk+ Maximum peak value of the current.
Apk- Minimum peak value of the current.
Arms RMS current.
Athd Total harmonic distortion of the current.
Athdf Harmonic distortion of the current with the RMS value of the fundamental as reference.
Athdr Harmonic distortion of the current with the total RMS value without DC as reference.
Aunb Negative-sequence current unbalance rate.
AVG Mean value (arithmetic mean).
Blackout: fall of voltage, at some point in the power network, to below a specified threshold.
BTU British Thermal Unit.
CF Peak factor (Crest Factor) in current or voltage: ratio of the peak value of a signal to the RMS value.
Channel and phase: a measurement channel corresponds to a difference in potential between two conductors. A phase is a single
conductor. In polyphased systems, a measurement channel may be between two phases, or between a phase and
neutral, or between a phase and earth, or between neutral and earth.
cos Φ Cosine of the phase shift of the voltage with respect to the current (displacement factor – DPF).
D Distortion power.
Dip threshold: specific voltage used to define the beginning and end of a voltage dip.
DC DC component (current or voltage).
Dh Distortion energy.
DPF Displacement factor (cos Φ).
114
E Exa (1018 )
FK K factor. Used to quantify the effect of a load on a transformer.
FHL Harmonic loss factor.
Flicker a visual effect of voltage variations.
Frequency number of full voltage or current cycles in one second.
Fundamental component: component at the fundamental frequency.
G Giga (109 )
Harmonics in electrical systems, voltages and currents at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Hysteresis difference between thresholds for reciprocal changes of state.
Hz Frequency of the network.
J Joule
k kilo (103 )
L Channel (Line).
m milli (10-3 )
ms millisecond.
M Mega (106 )
MAX Maximum value.
MIN Minimum value.
N Non-active power.
Nh Non-active energy.
Nominal voltage: Reference voltage of a network.
non-nuclear toe: non-nuclear tonne oil equivalent.
nuclear toe: nuclear tonne oil equivalent.
Order of a harmonic: ratio of the frequency of the harmonic to the fundamental frequency; a whole number.
P Peta (1015 )
P Active power.
Passband range of frequencies in which the response of a device exceeds some specified minimum.
Pdc DC power.
Pdch DC energy.
PF Power Factor: ratio of active power to apparent power.
Ph Active energy.
Phase temporal relationship between current and voltage in alternating current circuits.
PK or PEAK. Maximum (+) or minimum (-) peak value of the signal.
PLT Long-term severity. The device calculates its PLT over 2 hours.
PST Short-term severity. The device calculates its PST over 10 minutes.
Q1 Reactive power.
Q1h Reactive energy.
RMS RMS (Root Mean Square) value of current or voltage. Square root of the mean of the squares of the instantaneous
values of a quantity during a specified interval.
S Apparent power.
S-h Harmonics in power.
Sh Apparent energy.
Temporary surge at industrial frequency: temporary increase in voltage at some point in the power network, to above a specified
threshold.
t Relative date of the Time cursor.
T Tera (1012 )
tan Φ Tangent of the phase shift of the voltage with respect to the current.
toe Tonne oil equivalent (nuclear or non-nuclear).
THD Total Harmonic Distortion. The total harmonic distortion represents the proportion of the harmonics of a signal with
respect to the fundamental RMS value (%f) or with respect to the total RMS value without DC (%r).
U Phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
U-h Harmonics in phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
Ucf Peak factor of the phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
Ud Phase-to-phase RMS distortion voltage (line voltage).
115
Udc Phase-to-phase DC voltage (line voltage).
Uh Harmonic of the phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
Upk+ Maximum peak value of phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
Upk- Minimum peak value of phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
Urms Phase-to-phase RMS voltage (line voltage).
Uthd Total harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
Uthdf Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage) with the RMS value of the fundamental as reference.
Uthdr Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage) with the total RMS value without DC as reference.
Uunb Negative-sequence unbalance rate in phase-to-phase voltage (line voltage).
V Phase-to-neutral voltage or the unit “volt”.
V-h Harmonics in phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Vcf Peak factor of the phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Vd Phase-to-neutral RMS distortion voltage (phase voltage).
Vdc Phase-to-neutral DC voltage (phase voltage).
Vpk+ Maximum peak value of the phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Vpk- Minimum peak value of the phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Vh Harmonic of the phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Voltage dip: temporary fall of voltage, at some point in the power network, to below a specified threshold.
Voltage unbalance in a polyphased electric power network: state in which the RMS voltages between conductors (fundamental
component) and/or the phase differences between successive conductors are not all equal.
Vrms RMS phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Vthd Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Vthdf Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage) with the fundamental RMS value as reference.
Vthdr Total harmonic distortion of phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage) with the total RMS value without DC as reference.
Vunb Negative-sequence unbalance rate in phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
Wh Watt-hour.
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17. MAINTENANCE
Except for the battery and the memory card, the instrument contains no parts that can be replaced by personnel
who have not been specially trained and accredited. Any unauthorized repair or replacement of a part by an “equivalent”
may gravely impair safety.
Use a soft cloth, dampened with soapy water. Rinse with a damp cloth and dry rapidly with a dry cloth or forced air. Do not use
alcohol, solvents, or hydrocarbons.
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Turn the device over and hold the battery as it slides out of its compartment.
Disconnect the battery connector without pulling on the wires.
Note: The Qualistar+ preserves the date-time function for approximately 4 hours without the battery.
The Qualistar+ preserves an inrush current capture for approximately 2 hours without its battery.
Spent batteries must not be treated as ordinary household waste. Take them to the appropriate recycling collection point.
Warning: If the battery is disconnected, it must then be fully recharged, even if it is not replaced, so that the device will know the
battery charge condition (this information is lost when the battery is disconnected).
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17.5. MEMORY CARD
The device accepts SD (SDSC), SDHC, and SDXC type memory cards.
Before withdrawing or inserting the memory card, make sure that the device is disconnected and off. Write-protect the memory
card when you withdraw it from the device. Cancel the write protection before putting the card back into its space in the device.
LOCK
LOCK
Memory card protected
To withdraw the memory card from its space, proceed as for the replacement of the battery, described in §17.3.
Once the battery has been withdrawn from its compartment, push the tab out of the way, then push the memory card out of the device.
To put the card back in place, slide it horizontally into its space until it is home and the tab is back in position.
Then replace the battery and the battery compartment cover as explained in §17.3.
Our site:
www.chauvin-arnoux.com
In “Support”, click on “Download our software” and enter the name of the instrument “C.A 8336”.
Connect the device to your PC using the type A-B USB cord provided.
The embedded software update requires compatibility with the hardware version of the device, indicated in the About sub-menu
of the Configuration menu (see figure 36 above).
Warning: the update of the embedded software erases all data (configuration, alarm campaigns, snapshots, inrush current capture,
transient detection, trend recordings. Save any data you want to keep to a PC using the PAT2 software (see §13) before
updating the embedded software.
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18. WARRANTY
Except as otherwise stated, our warranty is valid for three years starting from the date on which the equipment was sold. Extract
from our General Conditions of Sale provided on request.
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19. TO ORDER
19.2. ACCESSORIES
5 A adapter (three-phase)
Essailec® 5A adapter (three-phase)
MN93 clamp
MN93A clamp
PAC93 clamp
C193 clamp
AmpFlex® A193 450 mm
AmpFlex® A193 800 mm
MiniFlex® MA193 250 mm
MiniFlex® MA193 350 mm
E3N clamp
E3N clamp adapter
Mains power unit + E3N clamp
Dataview software
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© Chauvin Arnoux - All rights reserved and reproduction prohibited
694060A02 - Ed. 6 - 09/2019
FRANCE INTERNATIONAL
Chauvin Arnoux Group Chauvin Arnoux Group
190, rue Championnet Tél : +33 1 44 85 44 38
75876 PARIS Cedex 18 Fax : +33 1 46 27 95 69
Tél : +33 1 44 85 44 85
Fax : +33 1 46 27 73 89 Our international contacts
info@chauvin-arnoux.com www.chauvin-arnoux.com/contacts
www.chauvin-arnoux.com