AAE 556 - Aeroelasticity: Professor Terrence A. Weisshaar Purdue University Spring 2000

AAE 556 - Aeroelasticity
Professor Terrence A. Weisshaar

Purdue University
Spring 2000
weisshaa@ecn.purdue.edu
Grissom 375
494-5975
Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-1

Aeroelasticity definition & effects
Aeroelasticity is a design activity
concerned with interactions between
aerodynamic forces and structural
deformation, both static and
dynamic, and the influence of these
interactions on aircraft performance.
•Aerodynamic load and structural deflection interaction

•Static stability
•Control surface effectiveness
•Flutter and dynamic response

Lecture purposes
• What is aeroelasticity?
• When is it important?
• Features of an aeroelastic analysis
• Reading assignments

Modeling and simulation
• Identify problem parameters - assign symbols

• Eliminate less important factors (judgmental)
• Identify important physical constraints &
boundary conditions
• Identify the problem physics - develop math
expressions describing behavior
• Solve - interpret the results

Modeling and information
Features of good models
• Realistic predictions of physical phenomena

• Minimal math complexity
• Algebraic terms for effects (structures, aero..)
• Manageability of math task and results
• Ease of relating math to experimental results
• Look at how simple models are developed
and how they can help us.

Example - aerodynamic concepts
lift and pitching moment coefficients
Hypothetical lift curve
20
L = qSC L = qSC L α
CL*5 = 5 times the lift coefficient
α
10
0
M ref = qScCMref
-10 CL = (0.95343*alpha
+ 0.0012411*alpha^3
- 0.0000060698*alpha^5 )/5
-20
-20 -10 0 10 20
alpha, angle of attack (degrees)

Application
Aero-structural interaction
1903
• Langley Aerodrome
• Potomac River test
• Wing failed during
catapult launch
• Broke by moving
downward

Historical example - 1911
The Bleriot XI monoplane
• Externally braced
monoplane wings
twist off at high
speeds - they • Suspect torsional
shouldn't. strength or flexibility
• interaction between
wing lift and twist

Structural twist model
unswept semi-moncoque wings
• Torsional stiffness -
2
Bredt-Batho theory 4A
GJ =
ds
∫ Gt
for closed thin-wall
cells
• Example -
2
rectangular box with 2Gtbh
thickness, t, height, GJ =
1+ h
h, and width, b b

Aero/structural interaction model
L = qSC L (α o + θ )
• Requirements -
– simplicity α
– manageability lift
airspeed
– realism
e Torsion spring
θ KT
TYPICAL SECTION
One degree of freedom

Center of pressure vs. aerodynamic
center
Choose an origin
locate a position x,
sum moments
Lx + M o = M ref
center of pressure definition

M ref = 0
So that
− Mo
xcp = = f (α )
L
aerodynamic center definition
Examine changes ∂M AC
in moments with =0
angle of attack ∂α
∂L ∂M o
x AC + =0
∂α ∂α
∂M o
∂α ∂M o
x AC =− =−
∂L ∂L
∂α

Write equation for moment
equilibrium in terms of displacement
Le + M AC = KTθ
K Tθ = qSeC L (α o + θ ) + qScC MAC

α
collect terms
(KT − qSeCLα )θ = qSeCLαα o + qScCMAC

Solve for twist angle θ
 

qSeC L α o +
c C MAC 
α e CL 
θ=  α 
K T − qSeC L
α

Lift equation
  c C  
 qSeC Lα  α o + MAC  
  e C  
L = qSCLα  α o +  Lα  
 K T − qSeC Lα 
 
 
Write this equation over a

common denominator

The final equation for lift
  
 o T Lα (
 α K − qSeC + qSeC  α + c CMAC
Lα
 o e CL
) 

L = qSCLα   α 
 KT − qSeCL 
 α

 
 
 qScC 
 αo + MAC 
 KT 
L = qSCL  
α qSeCL
 1− α 
 
 KT 
Lecture 1 - summary
• Aeroelasticity is concerned with interactions between

aerodynamic forces and structural deformation
• Features of good models - simple and easy to interpret
• Aerodynamic concepts
• Structural twist model - unswept semi-moncoque wings
• Center of pressure vs. aerodynamic center
• Aero/structural interaction model

AAE 556 - Aeroelasticity: Professor Terrence A. Weisshaar Purdue University Spring 2000

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AAE 556 - Aeroelasticity

Professor Terrence A. Weisshaar

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-1

•Aerodynamic load and structural deflection interaction

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-2

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-3

• Identify problem parameters - assign symbols

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-4

• Realistic predictions of physical phenomena

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-5

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-6

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-7

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-8

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-9

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-10

center of pressure definition

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-12

K Tθ = qSeC L (α o + θ ) + qScC MAC

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-13

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-14

Write this equation over a

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-15

• Aeroelasticity is concerned with interactions between

Copyright © 2000 by Terrence A. Weisshaar. All rights reserved. Lecture 1-17

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