This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D7263 − 09 (Reapproved 2018)´2

Standard Test Methods for

Laboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil
Specimens1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7263; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

ε1 NOTE—Editorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.

ε2 NOTE—Changes were editorially made in June 2018.

1. Scope 1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
1.1 These test methods describe two ways of determining guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
the total/moist and dry densities (unit weights) of intact, Practice D6026.
disturbed, remolded, and reconstituted (compacted) soil speci- 1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
mens. Density (unit weight) as used in this standard means the calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
same as “bulk density” of soil as defined by the Soil Science the accuracy with which the data can be applied in design or
Society of America. Intact specimens may be obtained from other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using
thin-walled sampling tubes, block samples, or clods. Speci- this standard is beyond its scope.
mens that are remolded by dynamic or static compaction 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
procedures may also be measured by these methods. These safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
methods apply to soils that will retain their shape during the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measurement process and may also apply to other materials priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
such as soil-cement, soil-lime, soil-bentonite or solidified mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
soil-bentonite-cement slurries. It is common for the density 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
(unit weight) of specimens after removal from sampling tubes dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and compaction molds to be less than the value based on tube ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
or mold volumes, or of in situ conditions. This is due to the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specimen swelling after removal of lateral pressures. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1.1 Method A covers the procedure for measuring the Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
volume of wax coated specimens by determining the quantity
2. Referenced Documents
of water displaced.
1.1.1.1 This method only applies to specimens in which the 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
wax will not penetrate the outer surface of the specimen. D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.1.2 Method B covers the procedure by means of the direct Fluids
measurement of the dimensions and mass of a specimen, D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
usually one of cylindrical shape. Intact and reconstituted/ istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600
remolded specimens may be tested by this method in conjunc- kN-m/m3))
tion with strength, permeability (air/water) and compressibility D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
determinations. Water Pycnometer
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are (2,700 kN-m/m3))
provided for information only and are not considered standard. D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of
Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2166/D2166M Test Method for Unconfined Compressive
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture,
2
Plasticity and Density Characteristics of Soils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009 as D7263–09. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7263–09. DOI: 10.1520/D7263-09R18E02. the ASTM website.

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 D7263 − 09 (2018)´2
Strength of Cohesive Soil dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) reliable results. Reliable results depend on several factors; Practice D3740
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
(Visual-Manual Procedures)
D3550/D3550M Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split 5. Apparatus
Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils 5.1 For Method A the following apparatus are required:
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies 5.1.1 Balance—All balances must meet the requirements of
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Specification D4753 and this section. A Class GP1 balance of
Used in Engineering Design and Construction 0.01 g readability is required for specimens having a mass up
D4220/D4220M Practices for Preserving and Transporting to 200 grams and a Class GP2 balance of 0.1 g readability is
Soil Samples required for specimens having a mass over 200 grams. For
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and method A, the balance must be capable of measuring the mass
Plasticity Index of Soils of the specimen suspended in water. This is usually accom-
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal- plished by a weighing hook built into the balance for that
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and purpose, or a yoke assemblage is placed upon the pan which
Construction Materials Testing suspends a thin, non-absorbent string or wire, that is, a nylon
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical line, etc., below the balance into the water reservoir.
Data 5.1.2 Drying Oven—A thermostatically controlled, prefer-
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom- ably of the forced-draft type, capable of maintaining a uniform
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids temperature of 110 6 5°C throughout the drying chamber.
2.2 Other Reference: 5.1.3 Wax—Non-shrinking, paraffin and/or microcrystalline
Soil Science Society of America Glossary of Soil Science wax that has a known and constant density, ρρ, to four
Terms3 significant figures and that does not change after repeated
melting and cooling cycles.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—The waxes generally used are commercially available and
3.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this have density values in the range of 0.87 to 0.91 g/cm3 or Mg/m3.
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
5.1.4 Wax-Melting Container—Used to melt the wax, but
4. Significance and Use should not allow the wax to overheat. A container heated by hot
water, preferably thermostatically controlled, is satisfactory.
4.1 Dry density, as defined as “density of soil or rock” in The wax should be heated to only slightly above the melting
Terminology D653 and “bulk density” by soil scientists, can be point to avoid flashing of the wax vapors and to permit quickly
used to convert the water fraction of soil from a mass basis to forming a uniform surface coating of wax. Warning—Vapors
a volume basis and vise-versa. When particle density, that is, given off by molten wax ignite spontaneously above 205°C
specific gravity (Test Methods D854) is also known, dry (400°F) and should not be allowed to come in contact with the
density can be used to calculate porosity and void ratio (see heating element or open flame.
Appendix X1). Dry density measurements are also useful for 5.1.5 Wire Basket—A wire basket of 3.35 mm or finer mesh
determining degree of soil compaction. Since moisture content of approximately equal width and height of sufficient size to
is variable, moist soil density provides little useful information contain the specimen. The basket shall be constructed to
except to estimate the weight of soil per unit volume, for prevent trapping air when it is submerged. The basket is
example, pounds per cubic yard, at the time of sampling. Since suspended from the balance by a fine thread or string. A hairnet
soil volume shrinks with drying of swelling soils, bulk density may also be used in lieu of the basket for smaller soil
will vary with moisture content. Hence, the water content of specimens.
the soil should be determined at the time of sampling. 5.1.6 Container—A container or tank of sufficient size to
4.2 Densities (unit weights) of remolded/reconstituted contain the submerged basket and specimen.
specimens are commonly used to evaluate the degree of 5.1.7 Specimen Container—A corrosion-resistant container
compaction of earthen fills, embankments, etc. Dry density of sufficient size to contain the specimen for water content
values are usually used in conjunction with compaction curve determination.
values (Test Methods D698 and D1557). 5.1.8 Thermometer—Capable of measuring the temperature
4.3 Density (unit weight) is one of the key components in range within which the test is being performed graduated in a
determining the mass composition/phase relations of soil, see 0.1 degree C division scale and meeting the requirements of
Appendix X1. Specification E2251.
NOTE 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is 5.1.9 Container Handling Apparatus—Gloves or suitable
holder for moving and handling hot containers.
5.1.10 Miscellaneous—Paintbrush, trimming tools, speci-
3
Available online: www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary men containers, and data sheets provided as required.

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 D7263 − 09 (2018)´2
5.2 For Method B the following apparatus are needed: being pulled out should be patched carefully with material
5.2.1 Balance—See 5.1.1. from the trimmings. Handle specimens carefully to minimize
5.2.2 Drying Oven—See 5.1.2. disturbance, change in shape, or change in water content.
5.2.3 Specimen-Size Measurement Devices—Devices used Typically, for most samples, changes in water content are
to determine the height and width or diameter of the specimen minimized by trimming specimens, in a controlled
shall measure the respective dimensions to four significant environment, such as a controlled high-humidity room/
digits and shall be constructed so that their use will not indent enclosure.
or penetrate into the specimen. 7.2.4 Determine and record the moist mass of the soil
NOTE 3—Circumferential measuring tapes are recommended over
specimen (Mt) to four significant figures in g or kg.
calipers for measuring the diameter of cylindrical specimens. 7.2.5 Cover the specimen with a thin coat of melted wax,
either with a paintbrush or by dipping the specimen in a
5.2.4 Apparatus for Preparing Reconstituted or Remolded
container of melted wax. Apply a second coat of wax after the
Specimens (Optional)—Such apparatus is only required if these
first coat has hardened. The wax should be sufficiently warm to
types of specimens are being tested.
flow when brushed on the specimen, yet it should not be so hot
5.2.5 Miscellaneous Apparatus—Specimen trimming and
that it dries the soil.
carving tools including a wire saw, steel straightedge, miter
box and vertical trimming lathe, specimen containers, and data NOTE 4—If overheated wax comes in contact with the soil specimen, it
sheets shall be provided as required. may cause the moisture to vaporize and form air bubbles under the wax.
Bubbles may be trimmed out and filled with wax.
6. Samples and Test Specimens 7.2.6 Determine and record the mass of the wax-coated
6.1 Samples—Intact samples shall be preserved and trans- specimen in air (MC) to four significant figures in g or kg.
ported in accordance with Practice D4220/D4220M Groups C 7.2.7 Determine and record the submerged mass of the
and D soil. Compacted or remolded specimens shall be wax-coated specimen (Msub) to four significant digits in g or
preserved in accordance with Practice D4220/D4220M Group kg. This is done by placing the specimen in a wire basket
B soil. Maintain the samples that are stored prior to testing in hooked onto a balance and immersing the basket and specimen
non-corrodible airtight containers at a temperature between in a container of water. In order to directly measure the
approximately 3° and 30°C and in an area that prevents direct submerged mass of the wet soil and wax, the balance must have
contact with sunlight. been previously balanced (tared to zero) with the wire basket
completely submerged in the container of water. Make sure
6.2 Specimens—Specimens for testing shall be sufficiently that the specimen and basket is fully submerged, and that the
cohesive and firm to maintain shape during the measuring basket is not touching the sides or bottom of the container.
procedure if Method A is used, see 1.1.1.1. Specimens shall 7.2.8 Record the temperature of the water to 0.1 degrees C.
have a minimum dimension of 30 mm (1.3 in.) and the largest
particle contained within the test specimen shall be smaller NOTE 5—Maintain water bath temperature and submerged basket depth
than one-tenth of the specimen’s smallest dimension. For the same as when calibrated or zeroed.
specimens having a dimension of 72 mm (2.8 in.) or larger, the 7.2.9 Remove the wax from the specimen. It can be peeled
largest particle size shall be smaller than one-sixth of the off after a break is made in the wax surface.
specimen’s smallest dimension. If, after completion of a test on 7.2.10 Determine the water content to the nearest 0.1
an intact specimen, visual observations indicate that larger percent in accordance with Method D2216.
particles than permitted are present, indicate this information in NOTE 6—The water content may be determined from an adjacent piece
the remarks section of the report of test data. of soil or from trimmings if appropriate, for example, if the wax becomes
difficult to remove from the specimen. Note in the report if water content
7. Procedure is not from the specimen itself.
7.1 Record all identifying information for the specimen, 7.3 Method B—Direct Measurement:
such as project, boring number, depth, sample type (that is, 7.3.1 Intact Specimens—Prepare intact specimens from
tube, trimmed, etc.), visual soil classification (Practice D2488), large block samples or from samples secured in accordance
or other pertinent data. with Practice D1587/D1587M or other acceptable tube sam-
7.2 Method A—Water Displacement: pling procedures, such as Practice D3550/D3550M. Specimens
7.2.1 Determine, if not previously established, the density can be obtained from intact block samples using a sharp cutting
of the wax to be used to four significant digits (see 5.1.3). ring. Handle samples/specimens carefully to minimize
7.2.2 Prepare specimens in an environment that minimizes disturbance, changes in cross section, or change in water
any changes in water content. For some soils, changes in water content, see 6.1. Specimens are usually cubical or cylindrical in
content are minimized by trimming specimens in a controlled shape.
environment, such as a controlled high-humidity room/ NOTE 7—Core sampling might be difficult or impossible in gravelly or
enclosure. hard dry soils. Wet soils tend to be more plastic and subject to
7.2.3 If required, cut a specimen meeting the size require- compression.
ments given in 6.2 from the sample to be tested. If required, 7.3.1.1 Specimens obtained by tube sampling may be tested
trim the specimen to a fairly regular shape. Re-entrant angles without extrusion except for cutting the end surfaces plane and
should be avoided, and any cavities formed by large particles perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sampling tube. The

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 D7263 − 09 (2018)´2
height and inner dimensions of the tube may be taken to ρρ = density of wax, g/cm3 or Mg/m3,
represent specimen dimensions. ρw = density of water at test temperature, g/cm3 or Mg/m3,
NOTE 8—Some soils may expand into the sampling tube with a resultant (see Test Methods D854, Table 1), and
change in volume from the original in situ condition. ρm = density of total (moist) soil specimen, g/cm3 or
Mg/m3.
7.3.1.2 Trim specimens in an environment that minimizes
any change in water content, see 7.2.2. Where removal of 8.2.2 Method B—Direct Measurement:
gravel or crumbling resulting from trimming causes voids on ρ m 5 ~ M t /V ! (2)
the surface of the specimen, carefully fill the voids with
remolded soil obtained from the trimmings. When the sample where:
condition permits, a vertical trimming lathe may be used to V = volume of moist soil specimen, cm3.
reduce cylindrical specimens to a uniform diameter. 8.2.2.1 Cylindrical Shape:
7.3.1.3 After obtaining uniform dimensions, place the speci-
V 5 ~ π d 2 h ! /4000 (3)
men in a miter box or trimming collar (especially for friable
soils) and cut the specimen to a uniform height with a wire saw where:
or other suitable device, such as a sharpened steel straightedge. d = average specimen diameter, mm, and
Perform one or more water content determinations on material h = average specimen height, mm.
obtained during the trimming of the specimen in accordance
with Test Method D2216 for the estimated water content(s). 8.2.2.2 Cubical Shape:
Final water content shall be performed on the whole specimen l 3w 3h
V5 (4)
or representative slice (if other testing such as plasticity limits, 1000
Test Methods D4318, are required) at the end of the test. where:
Determine and record the mass (g) and dimensions (mm) of the
specimen to four significant digits using the applicable appa- l = average length, mm,
w = average width, mm, and
ratus described in 5.2. A minimum of three height measure-
h = average height, mm.
ments (approximately 120° apart if three, 90° apart if four, etc.)
and at least three diameter measurements at the quarter points 8.3 Calculate the dry density for either method A or B as
of the height shall be made to determine each the average follows:
height and diameter of cylindrical specimens. A minimum of ρ d 5 ρ m / ~ 11w/100! (5)
three measurements each of length, width and height shall be
made to determine the volume of cubical specimens. where:
ρd = dry density of soil, g/cm3 or Mg/m3, and
NOTE 9—Test Method D2166/D2166M, section 6.2, describes a proce- w = water content of soil specimen (in percent), to nearest
dure for preparing intact test specimens for strength testing.
four significant digits.
7.3.2 Remolded/Reconstituted (Compacted) Specimens—
Specimens shall be prepared as prescribed by the individual 8.4 Calculate the moist/total and dry unit weights to four
assigning the test or as prescribed by the applicable related test significant figures for either method A or B as follows:
procedure. After a specimen is formed, trim (if necessary) the γ m 5 62.428 ρ m in lbf/ft3 and γ d 5 62.428 ρ d in lbf/ft3 (6)
ends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, remove the mold,
and determine the mass and dimensions of the test specimens γ m 5 9.80665 ρ m in kN/m 3 and γ d 5 9.80665 ρ d in kN/m 3
in accordance with 7.3.1.3. The height and inner dimensions of where:
the mold may be taken to represent specimen dimensions. γm = moist/total unit weight of specimen, and
NOTE 10—It is common for the density (unit weight) of the specimen γd = dry unit weight of soil specimen.
after removal from the mold to be less than the value based on the volume
of the mold. This occurs as a result of the specimen swelling after removal 9. Report: Test Data Sheet(s)/Form(s)
of the lateral confinement due to the mold.
9.1 The report (data sheet) shall contain the following (see
8. Calculations Appendix X2 and Appendix X3):
9.1.1 Identification of the sample (material) being tested,
8.1 Water Content, w—Calculate in accordance with Test
such as project, boring number, sample number, test number,
Method D2216 to four significant digits.
container number, etc.,
8.2 Calculate the moist density to four significant figures as 9.1.2 Sample depth in meters (feet) below ground surface or
follows: elevation in meters (feet) (if applicable),
8.2.1 Method A—Water Displacement: 9.1.3 Classification of soil by Practice D2487, if
ρ m 5 M t / @ ~~ M c 2 M sub! /ρ w ! 2 ~~ M c 2 M t ! /ρ ρ ! # (1) determined, or visual classification of soil (group name and
symbol) as determined by Practice D2488,
where: 9.1.4 Moist/total and dry density (unit weight), to four
Mt = mass of moist/total soil specimen, g, significant digits,
Mc = mass of wax-coated specimen, g, 9.1.5 Water content (in percent), to four significant digits,
Msub = mass of submerged wax-coated specimen, g,
9.1.6 Method used (A or B), and

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9.1.7 Whether the specimen was intact, disturbed, 10.2 Bias—Since there is not an accepted reference material
remolded, or reconstituted (compacted). suitable for measuring the bias for this procedure, a statement
on bias cannot be made.
10. Precision and Bias
10.1 Precision—The precision of the procedure in this test 11. Keywords
method for measuring the density (unit weight) of cohesive soil
specimens is being determined. In addition, Subcommittee 11.1 density; porosity; saturation; specimen; unit weight;
D18.03 is seeking pertinent data from users of the test method. void ratio

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOIL PHASES; POROSITY, VOID RATIO, & SATURATION USING METRIC UNITS

X1.1 Let: Md
V2
Vv V 2 Vs Gs e
n = porosity, %, n5 3 100 5 3 100 5 3 100 5 3 100
V V V 11e
e = void ratio,
(X1.1)
S = saturation, %,
V = volume of soil specimen, cm3, Md
V2
Vv = volume of voids in soil specimen, cm3, Vv V 2 Vs Gs n G sw
Vs = volume of solids in soil specimen, cm3, e5 5 5 5 5 (X1.2)
Vs Vs Md 100 2 n S
w = water content of soil specimen, %, Gs
Gs = specific gravity of soil solids in soil specimen as
wGs ρ d G sw
determined by Test Methods D854, S5 5 (X1.3)
ρd = dry density of soil specimen, Mg/m3, and Gs 2 ρd e
Md = dry mass of soil in soil specimen, g.
X1.2 Then:

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 D7263 − 09 (2018)´2

X2. EXAMPLE DATA SHEET

DISPLACEMENT METHOD—A

UNIT WEIGHTS, VOID RATIO, POROSITY, AND DEGREE OF SATURATION

(DISPLACEMENT METHOD—A)
NAME DATE JOB NO.
LOCATION
BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH/ELEV.
DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLE
WATER CONTENT
SAMPLE OR SPECIMEN NO.
TARE NO.
TARE PLUS WET SOIL
TARE PLUS DRY SOIL
MASS
WATER Mw
IN GRAMS
TARE
DRY SOIL Md
WATER CONTENT w % % % %
WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONS
SAMPLE OR SPECIMEN NO.
TEST TEMPERATURE OF WATER, T, °C
SOIL AND WAX IN AIR
WET SOIL Mt
MASS
WAX
IN GRAMS
WET SOIL AND WAX IN WATER
DRY SOILA Md
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOIL Gs
B
WET SOIL AND WAX
VOLUME WAX
IN CC WET SOIL V
DRY SOIL M d /G s Vs
LBS PER WET UNIT WEIGHT s M t /V d 362.4 γm
CU FT DRY UNIT WEIGHT s M d /V d 362.4 γd
VOID RATIO s V2V s d /V s e
POROSITY,% f s V2V s d /V g 3100 n % % % %
DEGREE OF SATURATION f V w / s V2V s d g 3100 S % % % %
VOLUME OF WAX = WEIGHT OF WAX / SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WAX =
VOLUME OF WATER = Vw = Mw / SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATERC
A
IF NOT MEASURED DIRECTLY, MAY BE COMPUTED AS FOLLOWS: M d 5M t / s 110.01w d
B s WT OF WET SOIL & WAX IN AIRd 2 s WT OF WET SOIL & WAX IN WATERd
VOLUME OF WET SOIL AND WAX DENSITY OF WATER AT TEST TEMPERATURE
C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATER IN METRIC SYSTEM = 1 (APPROX)
REMARKS COMPUTED BY CHECKED BY

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X3. EXAMPLE DATA SHEET

VOLUMETRIC METHOD—B

UNIT WEIGHTS, VOID RATIO, POROSITY, AND DEGREE OF SATURATION

(VOLUMETRIC METHOD—B)
NAME DATE JOB NO.
LOCATION
BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH/ELEV.
DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLE
WATER CONTENT
SAMPLE OR SPECIMEN NO.
TARE NO.
TARE PLUS WET SOIL
TARE PLUS DRY SOIL
MASS
WATER Mw
IN GRAMS
TARE
DRY SOIL Md
WATER CONTENT w % % % %
WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONS
SAMPLE OR SPECIMEN NO.
CYLINDER NO.
HEIGHT OF CYLINDER H
CENTIMETERS
INSIDE DIAMETER OF CYLINDER D
WET SOIL AND TARE
MASS TARE
IN GRAMS WET SOIL Mt
DRY SOILA Md
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOIL Gs
VOLUME WET SOIL (VOLUME OF CYLINDER)
IN CC DRY SOIL M d /G s Vs
LBS PER WET UNIT WEIGHT s M t /V d 362.4 γm
CU FT DRY UNIT WEIGHT s M d /V d 362.4 γd
VOID RATIO s V2V s d /V s e
POROSITY,% f s V2V s d /V g 3100 n % % % %
DEGREE OF SATURATION f V w / s V2V s d g 3100 S % % % %
VOLUME OF CYLINDER, V = (πD2H) / 4
VOLUME OF WATER = Vw = Mw / SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATERB
A
IF NOT MEASURED ON ENTIRE SPECIMEN, MAY BE COMPUTED AS FOLLOWS: M d 5M t / s 110.01w d
B
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF WATER IN METRIC SYSTEM = 1 (APPROX)
REMARKS COMPUTED BY CHECKED BY

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