Meiosis BIOLOGY Form 4 Chapter 5 Cell Division

SULIT 4551/2
Chapter 5:Cell division
5.1 Mitosis
The meaning and significance of mitosis
(a) State three importance of mitosis to living organism 3m
(b) Explain the important of the process (mitosis) to the living thing Essay & Structure
(c) Give two significant of mitosis
(d) Where do processes (mitosis) occur in an animal?/ Name the type of cell in human where
mitosis take place
(e) Give three example of cells named in (c)
Chromosomes and chromosomal number Selangor 2008
(a) Trial Johor 2011
65
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State the chromosomal number of each daughter cell produced at the end of the division shown
in diagram 3
(b) Based on your biological knowledge, give a reason for answer
(c) The chromosome number in somatic cell of this organism is 12 state the chromosome number
in each of the daughter cell in Z
The Cell Cycle
(a)
Phase V
Phase V
Name phase U and V

Phase U:
Phase V:
(b) Phase U is further divided into three sub phases, X, Y and Z. Describe what
Happens at sub phases X, Y and Z.
X:
Y:
Z:
(c) The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a somatic cell is 6.
Diagram 2.2 shows a stage of cell division to produce gametes.
Complete the diagram to show the chromosomes for a daughter cell produced

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Chapter 5:Cell division 2014
at the end of sub-phase Q 2
(d)
Name stage Q
1 1
(e) Explain the importance of stage Q 2/State what happen in cell during U phase
Interphase
G1
Name phase P and state the process that occurs in this phase 2
67
S phase Describe what happens at S phase
G2 Describe what happens at G2

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The phase of mitosis in animal cells
(a) What is meant by Mitosis
(b) State the type cell division involved in the cell cycle/ What type of nuclear division is
(c) State one reason for your answer(refer to the question got answer there) e.g. mitosis occur in
root cell /somatic cell
(d) State two characteristic of daughter cell when parent cell undergoes P(mitosis)
(e)
In diagram 2 which chromosomes labeled A,B,C,D is homologous to chromosomes x
(f) Explain why root tip is used for preparing slide to shows this cell cycle. (2M)
(g)
Arrange the stages in Diagram 1 according to the correct sequence of events during cell 68
division.
(h) State one organs where this type of cell division occurs

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Trial Kedah 2008

Name the stages labeled L/ What stage of nuclear division is
State the characteristic of the of phase (prophase)
Explain what happen at stage L
Name the stages labeled N/ What stage of nuclear division is
Explain the behavior of chromosomes during stages K and N./ Give a

reason for your answer
Explain the chromosomal behavior in stage Q
For a plant cell where 2n=4, draw three separate diagram to show
Metaphase, mitosis
State the important of the chromosomal behavior in mentioned in (b) (i)
Name the stages labeled K/ What stage of nuclear division is
Explain the behavior of chromosomes during stages K and N. 69

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Name the stage Y
Name the stages labeled M / What stage of nuclear division is
Draw the chromosomes in daughter cell I and daughter cell II produced 1 1 through
mitosis
Draw a daughter cell of cell P after both cells have completed the cell
division. in the boxes provided below 2
70
State the number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes

(i) Number of daughter cells
(ii) Number of chromosomes

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Cytokinesis
(a) Structure v is form during cytokenesis bur in animal cell, actin filament in cytoplasm contract
to pull a ring of the plasma membrane inward forming a groove. Name the groove
(b) Explain the process (cytokinesis) occurs (plant cell)
(c) Describe how cytokinesis occurs in plant and animal cells to produce two daughter cells.
10
Cytokinesis takes place both in animal cell and plant cell
State two similarity and one different between the cytokinesis in animal cell and plant cell
during mitosis 71

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The effect of uncontrolled mitosis Trial Melaka 2009 Trial Melaka 2008
No Marking scheme Marks

(a) Diagram 2.1 shows the formation of tumor in lungs. Trial Kedah 2008
Tumor is an abnormal mass of cells that can invade and destroy neighboring cells.
Explain the formation of tumor
(b) Explain one activity that can cause tumor in lung.
(c) Cancer is genetic disease caused by uncontrolled mitosis. Name two chemical substances
which cause a cancer
(d) Name the process occurred and state a factor that causes it 72
Process deletion Factor

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(e) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.
(f) Ahmad has been exposed to gamma rays which results in the failure of
structure R to be formed
(g) Which process related to the formation of cancerous cells?
(h) Explain how cancerous cells are formed in human body.
(i) State two ways to prevent from being exposed to factor you have named in above
Cloning Trial Johor 2010

(a) Define cloning
(b) Explain the principles used in the cloning technique
73

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(c) Based on Diagram 2, state the meaning of cloning.
(d) Name the type of reproduction shown in Diagram 2.

Give a reason for your answer.
(e) Describe why a mature intestinal cell is used in this experiment
(f) Based on Diagram 2, name the species of frog that will be produced at the endof the experiment
(g) Explain your answer in (g) (i).
(h) Describe a cloning technique in a production of dairy cow.
74

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Tissue culture

(a) Trial melaka2007 essay
Explain how the plant being cloned
Technique-tissue culture
(b) Diagram 6.3 shows an experiment to show the different between two ginger plants which is
obtained from tissue culture and are planted in two different environment
A piece tissue is taken

from the parent plant
Plantlet is planted in the open Plantlet is planted in flower pots

ground (loam soil),spaced 30 (sandy loam soil), spaced 10 cm
cm apart and exposed to apart and place under the tree
bright sunlight. the plantlet is shade. The plantlet is watered on
watered on alternative days alternate days
75
Explain the role of tissue culture in this experiment 2

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(c)
Diagram 6.1 is a new variety of vegetable which has a great commercial value
Diagram 6.2 is the original parent of the plant
Based on the above diagram and with your biological knowledge, explain how a farmer can
propagate this variety to give a large scale of yield and at the same tome maintain its quantity
6 1
P1-the technique used is issue culture technique
P2-A piece of tissue / explants is taken from the young part of the parent plant eg. Root and cut 1
into smaller pieces
P3-The tissue are sterilized (with dilute sodium hypochlorite solution o prevent the growth of 1
pathogens /bacteria/fungus
P4-Each pieces of sterilized tissue ia placed onto a growth medium / gel containing nutrient 1
(eg. Glucose, amino acids, mineral etc.) And hormone/ auxin with optimum pH level
P5-The apparatus and culture, medium used must be in sterile condition and keep under the
suitable temperature/30oC-35oC 1
P6-the tissue cells then divide repeatedly by mitosis to produce mass of undifferentiated 1
cell/callus
P7-After several weeks, callus differentiated to produce shoots and roots /organogenesis 1
P8-once the roots grow , the plantlets/ little plant removed and transferred t the soil for growth 1
into the adult plant
P9-the plantlets produce this way are genetically identical and known as clones
P10-Therefore, all adults’ plans that develops from them fruits 1
1 10
Advantage of cloning Trial Johor 2010 Trial Melaka 2009

(a) State one advantage of cloning
76
(b) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of banana plants for commercial production. Suggest a
suitable method to be used and explain how the method named can increase the crop yield. 3

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(c) A farmer wants to breed a good variety of pineapple plants for commercial production
Suggest a suitable method to be used which is involved the cell cycle in diagram 2.1
cloning
Explain how the method named can increase the crop yield
Disadvantage of cloning Trail Johor 2010 Trial Melaka 2009

(a) State one disadvantage of cloning
(b) State a problem that can occur when using this method(cloning)
5.2 Meiosis
The significant of meiosis

(a) State the importance of processes P and Q.
(b) Name two cells produced through meiosis in humans
(c) Where do processes P (meiosis) occur in an animal?
77
The necessity for the production of haploid gametes the type of cells that undergoes meiosis

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(a) Trial Kedah 2012 Trial Pahang 2008 Trial PP 2012 Trial SBP 2012
Based on diagram 3.1, name the type of cell division / What type of nuclear division is
(b) State your reason
(c)
Membrane V
(a) Name the structure labeled P, Q and membrane V.
(d) State the function of centromere
(e) What happen to the homologous chromosomes in

(i)First cytoplasmic division
(ii)Second cytoplasmic division
The stage of meiosis I Trial Pahang 2008 Trial PP 2012 Trial SBP 2012 Trial selangor 2010
Phase Marking scheme Marks

Prophase I Name stage X/ Name phase X
Explain one important event that takes place using stage X(Prophase I) / Explain 78
the chromosome behaviour during this phase

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Trial Johor 2011 Explain how the chromosome behavior contributes to the survival of animal
Trial Kedah 2012 species
Trial Selangor 2010
State the event that occur during stage X in diagram 3.1

1 1
Explain one important event in stage X ( crossing over)
Explain the process /chromosome behavior that occur in stage X

Essay & Structure
Metaphase I Name stage /phase Y// Describe the behavior of chromosomes in X and Y
Explain the chromosomal behavior during phase T
Explain events during metaphase I which contribute to variation in organism
Trial Johor 2011

Trial Kedah 2012 Draw the chromosome behaviour in stage Y
For a plant cell where 2n=4, draw three separate diagram to show Metaphase I,
meiosis, and
Anaphase I Describe the chromosomes behavior in stage R

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State one significance of the movement of the chromosomes in Cell B.
Explain the process that occurs in stage

Stage S:
The stage or meiosis II Trial selangor 2010
Phase Marking scheme Marks

Prophase II Draw the chromosome behavior in stages D and E in the space provided
D:
Anaphase II For a plant cell where 2n=4, draw three separate diagram to show Metaphase, meiosis
in three different cells of the same plant.
Telophase II State the occurrence at Telophase II

Trial Kedah 2012
Trial Melaka 2008 80
Selangor 2008

SULIT 4551/2
Trial Johor 2011
Based on diagram 3, draw one of the cell daughter cells produced at the end of the
division
Draw the possible chromatids that occur after the non disjunction in diagram 3.1
81

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Draw a daughter cell of cell P and Q after both cells have completed the cell
Division. in the boxes provided below
NOTE: Number of chromosome, 2n = 4.

The type (color) of chromosomes
The different between meiosis I and meiosis II

(a) Trial Johor 2011 Selangor 2008
Based on diagram 3, state two different between the chromosomal behaviour in stage X and Y
Prophase I Metaphase I
1
1 2
(b) Meiosis consists of two spate division; meiosis I and meiosis II .there are a lot of different between both
division .Give two differences between prophase I and Prophase II
Prophase Prophase II
1 82
1 2

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(c) State the different between meiosis I and meiosis II based on stage P, Q, R dan S.
Stage Meiosis I Meiosis II
Prophase
1
P
Metaphase 1
Q
Anaphase
1
R
Telophase
1 4
The differences and similarity between mitosis and meiosisTrial Melaka 2008 Kelantan 2008

(a) Trial Melaka 2008
Diagram 3.1 shows cell P and cell Q undergoes one of the stages for two types of
cell division
(a) (i) State the type of cell division shown in diagram 3.1
(b) According to the stage metaphase anaphase telophase in the cell division , differentiate the
event happening during mitosis and meiosis
Stage Mitosis Meiosis
Metaphase 1
83
Anaphase
1

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Telopase
1
4
1m each= max 4 marks
(c) State a function of the two cell divisions mentioned in (a)(i).
P: 1
Q: 1 2
State one differences between process P (meiosis) and Q (mitosis).
1
1
1 1
State the different processes U (Meiosis) and V (Mitosis) 2
1
1
1 2
(b) Explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis, by using appropriate diagram
Mitosis Meiosis
84
1

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Diagram: 4 Exp: 6 = Max: 10

10
The important of meiotic cell division

(a)
85
Explain why the sperm has 24 chromosomes P1-Homologous 1

chromosome fail to separate equally(during anaphase I)

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P2-due to exposure to mutagen //any example of mutagen 1 2

(b) Explain the genetic disease faced by offspring P
1
1
1
1 2
(c) Trial melaka2007
Mitosis, differentiation and
growth
Juvenile (2n)
Mitosis differentiate Adults (2n)

and growth
Zygote (2n)
Meiosis
Meiosis
Sperm (n)
Fusion to form
Haploid stages
zygote
Egg (n) diploid stages
Explain the importance of meiosis in maintaining the number of chromosomes in human in

diagram 7.1
The important of cell division
P1-Meiosis is the process of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells 1
//meiosis halved the number of chromosomes in the parent cell
P2-Meiosis produce haploid reproductive cell or gamete 1
P3-each gamete receive one chromosomes from every pairs of homologous chromosomes 1
P4-the gamete contain only 23 chromosomes/haploid number of chromosomes 1
P5-sexual reproduction involved the fusion of two haploid gamete during the fertilization 1
P6-this result in the formation of a diploid zygote with 46 chromosomes (similar number of 1 4
chromosomes with parent)
(d) Explain briefly how meiosis involved in genetic variation.
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E1 – at metaphase I the homologous pairs of chromosomes arranged on the metaphase plate at 10

random
E2 – each homologous pair of chromosomes is positioned relative to the poles of the cell
independent of other pairs
E3 – there is independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes into daughter cells
E4 – result in a variety of gametes each with different combinations of maternal and paternal
chromosome
5.3 Appreciating the movement of chromosome during mitosis and meiosis Trial Kedah 2012

(a) Trial Johor 2011
Explain what will happen in human if the chromosomes fail to separate during stage Y 2
1
1 3
(b) Name the disorder that may occur when normal gamete fertilize with the no disjunction
affecting human chromosomes 21that occur as in diagram 3..2
1 1
(c) This child is suffering from a type of genetic disorder/ he has a moon face , slated eye, a short
neck and protruding tongue/ Uncontrolled meiosis leads to gamete produced both abnormal
number of chromosomes .Name one disease caused by uncontrolled meiosis 1 1 1
(d) Based on the information above , name the type of genetic disorder shown by the child
1 1
(e) The ovum in diagram 22 carrier 24 chromosomes. Which chromosomes has an extra copy
Chromosomes number 21
Explain how the abnormal chromosomal number in the ovum can cause the genetic disorder
mentioned in
1
1
87
1 3

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SULIT 4551/2

Chapter 5:Cell division

The meaning and significance of mitosis

(a) State three importance of mitosis to living organism 3m

(c) Give two significant of mitosis

(e) Give three example of cells named in (c)

Chromosomes and chromosomal number Selangor 2008

(a) Trial Johor 2011

Module Biology Trial paper collection

4551/2 ®All Right Reserved SULIT

(b) Based on your biological knowledge, give a reason for answer

The Cell Cycle

Name phase U and V

Module Biology Trial paper collection

4551/2 ®All Right Reserved SULIT

at the end of sub-phase Q 2

G2 Describe what happens at G2

Module Biology Trial paper collection

4551/2 ®All Right Reserved SULIT

The phase of mitosis in animal cells

(a) What is meant by Mitosis

In diagram 2 which chromosomes labeled A,B,C,D is homologous to chromosomes x

Module Biology Trial paper collection

4551/2 ®All Right Reserved SULIT

Trial Kedah 2008

State the characteristic of the of phase (prophase)

Explain what happen at stage L

Name the stages labeled N/ What stage of nuclear division is

Explain the behavior of chromosomes during stages K and N./ Give a

Explain the chromosomal behavior in stage Q

State the important of the chromosomal behavior in mentioned in (b) (i)

Name the stages labeled K/ What stage of nuclear division is

Explain the behavior of chromosomes during stages K and N. 69

Module Biology Trial paper collection

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Name the stage Y

Name the stages labeled M / What stage of nuclear division is

State the number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes

(ii) Number of chromosomes

Module Biology Trial paper collection

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(b) Explain the process (cytokinesis) occurs (plant cell)

Module Biology Trial paper collection

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No Marking scheme Marks

Explain the formation of tumor

(b) Explain one activity that can cause tumor in lung.

Module Biology Trial paper collection

4551/2 ®All Right Reserved SULIT

(e) Explain how radiotherapy affected cell cycle in cancer treatment.

(g) Which process related to the formation of cancerous cells?

(h) Explain how cancerous cells are formed in human body.

Cloning Trial Johor 2010

No Marking scheme Marks

(b) Explain the principles used in the cloning technique

Module Biology Trial paper collection

4551/2 ®All Right Reserved SULIT

(c) Based on Diagram 2, state the meaning of cloning.

(d) Name the type of reproduction shown in Diagram 2.

(e) Describe why a mature intestinal cell is used in this experiment