Developing a new perspective on Child Labour

Exploring the aftermath of Mumbai raids conducted from 2008 onwards

Chapters 1-6 with Annexures

By
INDEX

Chpt. No. Chapter Title Page No.

1 Foreword 1

2 Acknowledgements 2

3 Executive Summary 3

4 Introduction and Methodology 10

5 Demographic Data 22

6 Situation Prior to the Rescue 34

7 Experience of the Rescue and Post Rescue Processes 42

8 Analysis of Data from Other Sources 58

9 Conclusion and Recommendations 70

10 List of Tables 5

11 List of Figures 6

12 List of Annexures 8

13 Glossary 9

14 Abbreviations 77
FOREWORD
India has 12.6 million child labourers in the age group of 5 departments viz police, judiciary, education, child welfare
to 14 years as per the National Census 2001. Our country committees to come together and address the issue of res-
is yet to commit itself towards elimination of child labour. cue, repatriation and rehabilitation in a sustainable manner
Despite the ratification of the United Nations Convention on so as to ensure that the child does not return to the same
the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1992, and having legisla- vulnerabilities.
tions such as Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act,
1986, child labour still widely exists all over the country. It is Today there is an immediate need to ensure that a robust
unfortunate that children in India comprise a large part of child protection structure and mechanism is in place. It is
the entire labour market. important for legislations such as Child Labour (Prohibition
and Regulation) Act 1986, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protec-
The issue of child labour can never be seen in isolation. It tion) Act 2000 and schemes such as Integrated Child Protec-
occurs due to a web of issues such as lack of food security, tion Scheme (ICPS) to be effectively implemented at the
scarce livelihoods and inaccessibility to essential socio eco- ground level. Child Labour and Child Rights violation should
nomic security provisions. These underlying issues require to become a matter of concern for everyone and as a society.
be constantly taken up by direct engagement with parents, It is high time we develop zero tolerance towards the same.
community leaders and children’s collectives where they are It is therefore critical to time and again look at how child
repeatedly made aware about exercising rights of children. protection schemes work on ground and give policy level
Along with working on the various ‘push factors’, it is equally recommendations to the government in order to bring about
important to work on the ‘pull factors’ i.e. Child’s Right to change in addressing the elimination of child labour. With
Education and Participation. Continuous work at commu- this as an aim in mind Child Rights and You (CRY) supported
nity level with schools, school management committees the study ‘Exploring the aftermath of Mumbai Raids from
and other related agencies ensure children’s regularity and 2008 onwards’ to gain deeper insight into understanding
retention in school is one of the key strategies which keeps what happens to children once they are rescued from labour
children away from labour. Over 30 years of CRY’s experi- situation. This study attempts to understand the child’s world
ence in working with children it has been proven that chil- before the rescue phase, what happens during rescue and
dren’s collectives have tremendous potential and strength their lives post rescue from child labour. CRY’s implementing
in influencing out of the school children to get to school and partner research organization – Committed Action for Relief
thus shift from labour to education. Children’s collectives are and Education (CARE) has done seminal work by studying the
also extremely instrumental in voicing their opinion to deci- situation of children rescued in child labour raids carried by
sion makers on issues related to child labour and child rights the government from 2008 onwards. CRY sincerely thanks
in general. Mr. Vikas Sawant and Dr. Yamini Suvarna for their exception-
al efforts for putting this research piece together.
Child labour, is a multifold issue which is integral to concerns
of child protection, right to education and social security. It This study very well narrates children’s situation and also
calls for convergence from all stakeholders the state, indus- points to existing gaps in the process of rescue and reha-
try and community while taking up the issue. Whilst each bilitation. I am certain this study will create new insights
government ministry has its own mandate; it is imperative and contribute immensely to the discourse on rescue and
that all ministries institutionalize mechanisms of working rehabilitation of child labour and at the same time will be
together to address multiple issues that result in child labour. instrumental for advocacy with the state.
It is crucial for the various arms of the state and government
Komal Ganotra
Director
Policy, Research, Advocacy and Documentation (PRAD)
Child Rights and You (CRY)

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The successful completion of this research project does data collection processes. But for their dedicated efforts
much credit to Committed Action for Relief and Education and the commitment of their team, it would not have
(CARE) and is indeed a matter of pride for CARE and the been possible to collect such rich data.
CARE team. However, like all successful projects, this one
too could not have been accomplished with the commit- We also thank Ms. Surkhekha Surve for her efforts in the
ted efforts and support of a number of individuals in their collection of the qualitative data. We are grateful to Ms.
varied capacities. We would like to express our deepest Kimya Mhatre for her assistance in completing the data
gratitude and appreciation to each of them. entry.

First and foremost, our thanks to all the trustees of CARE A special work of thanks to Mr T.T. Surenkumar for editing
for their faith, understanding and full support during the the research document.
period of this project
Last but not the least, a heartfelt thanks and deepest
We are grateful to Ms. Vijayalakshmi Arora and Ms. Anuja gratitude to all our respondents, especially those little
Shah of CRY for being active sources of support and souls who work tirelessly in their thankless jobs. We hope
encouragement. We also appreciate their suggestions that this report succeeds in drawing attention to their
feedback and advice throughout the project. plight and leads to ushering in the much needed change
with respect to child labour.
We would like to express our gratitude to Ms. Neeta Goel
for her role in preparing the tools for data collection. Dr. Yamini Suvarna
Mr. Pankaj Sharma and Mr. Navnath Kamble deserve a Research Consultant and Trustee, CARE
special mention for their efficient coordination of the

2
Executive Summary

Developing a New Perspective on Child Labour – Key study findings:

Exploring the aftermath of Mumbai raids conducted Status of children at the time of the study (October
from 2008 onwards – December 2013)

June 2014 In the study the total number of children covered was 85
(Boys:78, Girls:7). Out of this, 45 children were also invited
Recent estimates reveal that world over, 218 million to express their experiences through drawings. Findings
children are involved in child labour, of which about 126 of the study revealed that nearly all the children continue
million children are engaged in hazardous situations such to work with most continuing to work in the same sector
as working in mines, working with chemicals and pesti- for the same owner.
cides in agriculture or working with dangerous machin- More than half of the children belonged to the 11- 13 age
ery. Newspaper reports reveal that government statistics group and most of the children hailed from UP, Bihar and
on the child labour population show that India has over Rajasthan. Hotels, leather factories and zari workshops
20 million child labourers. NGO estimates are higher and were the three sectors of work where most of the chil-
these suggest that this number is as high as 60 million dren worked full time leaving them no time for education
and can extend upto a 100 million if all out of school or other recreation.
children are part of the labour force. Less than a fifth combined work with education, most of
whom attended Hindi medium municipal schools. There
Poverty, low levels of literacy, debts incurred by parents was only one child who was found studying and not work-
are some of the causes of child labour. Also the absence ing while three other children were currently at home;
of social security systems in India also contributes to neither working nor studying. Interestingly most of the
child labour as does the indifferent and difficult to ac- children expressed an interest in pursuing their educa-
cess educational system. There are a plethora of laws to tion.
stop child labour and raids are carried out to rescue the
children. Yet, children continue to be employed and little Status of Children prior Rescue (prior 2008 raids)
is known about what happens to the children post the A large majority of the children worked more than 10
rescue and rehabilitation process. hours a day, 6 days a week and earned between 501and
Rs 2000 per month. Most children were either not provid-
With the aim of exploring what happens to children after ed access or had limited access to basic amenities. None
the rescue and rehabilitation process, CRY commissioned of the children were studying. Very few had their health
a Study along with research partner Committed Action for check up done. One third of the children didn’t get two
Relief and Education (CARE), Mumbai. The study sought proper meals in a day and did not get any clothes from
to find out what happened to selected children who were the owner. Drinking water facility was available in most of
rescued during the raids conducted in 2008. the cases. What is most disturbing is children were sub-
jected to physical and verbal abuse. Two of the children
The study was an exploratory study which used a mixed were also subjected to sexual abuse at the work place.
methodology of quantitative and qualitative methods.
Four police zones in Mumbai Dharavi, Byculla, Chembur Status of Children during Rescue and Post Rescue
and Antop Hill (Sion) were selected where maximum Processes
raids were conducted. The primary data was collected Most children revealed that the rescue operation was
using survey questionnaire with 85 rescued child work- confusing and scary. Adult co-workers or employers ac-
ers, drawings from 45 rescued child workers, focus group companied most of the children to the police station and
discussions with members of four communities where the were able to threaten the children with dire consequenc-
raids were conducted and unstructured interviews using es if they spoke to the police. Some children had been
a guideline with four employers/owners of commercial so influenced by the owners /adult co-workers that they
units where raids were conducted. Additionally data from were more afraid of the policemen than their employer.
77 First Information Reports (FIRs)from 38 police stations Around a quarter of the children were released by the
were analyzed for the purpose of this study. police to the owners or parents from the police station
itself. No FIRs were filed for these children who never
came into the system post the rescue.

3
 Moreover, these children were never presented before perceived holistically. Police and public partnerships
the Child Welfare Committee (CWC). should be encouraged so that members of the commu-
Many children indicated that they were not happy with nities in which the commercial establishments function
their interactions with the CWC members. The facilities can establish a ‘neighborhood watch’ to track and report
offered at the Children’s Homes were not good as was child workers.
indicated by the children’s negative opinions of these.
There were no systems set up to help reintegrate or re-
habilitate the children once they were released from the
Children’s Homes. No monitoring systems are in place. No
jobs were offered to their parents post the repatriation of
the children.

Findings from interaction with community members

and owners
Community members: All the communities had work-
shops and factory units in their locality where children
continued to be employed in some of the industries.
Many of the industries in all four communities were
located in rented premises and very few industries across
the four communities had licenses.

Owners: All four owners were arrested and their case is

still pending in the criminal court. The owners insisted
that they had employed children between the ages of 14
and 16 when they were raided due to which the labour
court had dismissed the cases against them. None of the
four employers employ any children currently. Three of
the owners stated that they did not have a license to ply
their trade.

Findings from the FIRs (First Information Reports)

from police stations
Only 77 FIRs were registered covering a total of 366
industrial units, implying that multiple units were cov-
ered in each of the FIRs which were registered across 38
police stations in Mumbai. A large majority of employers
against whom FIRs were registered have stopped employ-
ing children. Many cases have not come up for hearing
at the courts and Judgments have been announced in
extremely few cases. None of the FIRs provided any infor-
mation related to the different forms of abuse faced by
the children at their workplace.

Concluding Remarks
A variety of interventions need to be developed and
existing systems either modified or changed if we are to
stop children from working; including long term interven-
tions, interim interventions and immediate interventions.
Training of the different personnel who come in contact
with the rescue child workers should be taken up on a
war footing. State needs to ensure convergence between
the different government departments and commit-
tees related to children so that children’s issues can be

4
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

1 Distribution of Industrial Units across Police Stations 15 - 16

2 Details of Industrial Units in Any Other Category in Table 1 17 - 18

3 Overview of data collection 20

62 Occupation and Income of the Respondent Children (All) 36

143 Comparison of Type of Work Prior to Rescue and Current 53

145 Comparison of Employment Areas as portrayed in the Drawings 55

Before and After the Rescue

146 Details of Industries in the Four Communities 59

148 Employment patterns across the Industries in the Four Communities 60

149 Details of the Units of the Owner Respondents 64

150 Comparison of Payment made to Adult workers and Profit margin 64

151 Facilities provided by the Owners 65

153 Distribution of Number of Children Employed across the Industry units 67

5
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No. Title Page No.

1 Distribution of Respondents across Gender 23

2 Distribution of respondent children across Gender and Age 23

3 Distribution of Respondent Children across Gender and Occupation 24

4 Distribution of Respondent Children across Gender and Occupation 24

5 Person with whom Respondent Child is currently Residing 25

6 Details of Parents Residing with the Respondent Child 25

7 No of rooms in the Houses where Respondent Children Reside 26

8 Percentage of Respondent Children who had kitchen and bathing 27

area facilities available within the house

9 Type of Toilet facilities available to the Respondent Children 27

10 Details of Water Sources Available 27

11 Quality of Water Available 28

12 Percentage of Respondent Children with Electricity and Ration Cards 28

13 Educational Status of Respondent Children 29

14 Current Status of Respondent Children 29

15 Medium of Instruction in Schools 30

16 Assistance Required for Continuing Education for those who are 31

currently studying

17 Assistance Required for Continuing Education for those who are 31

not studying Currently

18 Type of Health Facility Available to the Respondent Children 32

19 Distance of Health Facility 32

20 Percentage of Respondent Children covered under the RSBY 33

21 Distribution of Respondent Children across Gender and Occupation 35

prior to Rescue

22 Top Three Occupations 37

6
 23 No. of Days worked Across Top Three Occupations 38

24 No. of Hours worked Across Top Three Occupations 38

25 Income across the Top Three Occupations 38

26 No. of Meals across the Top Three Occupations 39

27 Details of Self- Employed Children 39

28 People Involved in the Rescue process 45

29 Mode of transport to Police Station 45

30 Facilities available at the Police Station 46

31 Place to which Respondent Children were sent from the Police Station 47

32 Respondent Children who were presented before the CWC in 47

less than 24 hours

33 Mode of Transport of Respondent Children who were presented 47

before the CWC

34 Details of Home to which Respondent Children who were sent 47

35 Time Spent at the Children’s Home 48

36 Perception on Facilities available at the Children’s Homes 48

37 Perception on Recreational and Educational Activities at 49

Children’s Home

38 Perception on Overall Condition of Children’s Home 49

39 Person who took custody of Respondent Child 50

40 Persons who took custody of Respondent 51

41 Place to which the Respondent Child was sent after being released 51
by the CWC

42 Rehabilitation Assistance 51

43 Number of Respondent Children working for same owner 52

44 Number of Respondent Children working in same industry 52

45 Details of images drawn by Respondent Children in the sections 54

46 Status of Child Employment amongst Owners against whom FIRs 66

were Filed

7
 47 Distribution of Employment Patterns across Work Sectors after 67
filing of FIRs

48 Total Number of children employed in the work sectors 68

49 Current Status of the Industrial Units against which the FIRs 68

were filed

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Serial No. Name of Annexures Page No.

1 Consent letter 78 - 81

2 Survey questionnaire for Child Workers 82 - 93

3 Focus Group Discussion Guide for Community Members including 94 - 97

the Quantitative Checklist

4 Unstructured interview Guide for Owners of Commercial Units 98 - 105

including the Quantitative Checklist

5 Tables from Chapter 2 Demographic Data (Tables 4 – 56) 106 - 125

6 Tables from Chapter 3 Situation Prior to Rescue (Tables 57 – 95) 126 - 143

7 Statements made by children related to treatment by Employers 144 - 149

8 Tables from Chapter 4 Rescue and Post Rescue Processes 150 - 167
(Tables 96- 144)

9 Drawings made by the Children 168 - 171

10 Tables from Chapter 5 Analysis of Data from Other Sources 173

(Tables 147- 154)

11 FGD Summaries Translated into English 174 - 177

12 Owner Narratives (One translated into English and three in Hindi) 178 - 188

13 Notes 189

8
Glossary

Madarsas
are educational institutes that are associated with mosques. These usually impart education in Urdu or Arabic and
tend to cater mainly to those from the Islamic faith.

Pani-puri
is also known as golgappas, gupchup or phuchka in other parts of India. It is a popular street savory snack with a
round crisp hollow puri which is filled with water, masala, boiled potatos and sprouts or chick peas. The puris are
pre-made and sold in packets. The child workers in this study are involved in the processes of making the puris
(kneading the dough, rolling the puris, frying and packing the puris).

Tiffin dabbas
is the local (Mumbai) term for packed lunch services which include delivery to customers. Child workers are involved
in assisting with making the items for the tiffin dabba as well as in the packing and the delivery of these.

Zari
refers to fine thread work made of gold or silver thread. Pieces made from zari are used to add beauty and grandeur
to traditional Indian garments like sarees, salwar kamees, kurtas and dhotis. Child workers are preferred for such
work as it is believed that they have deft fingers and clear sight most suited for this delicate and fine work.

9
 CHAPTER 1
Introduction and Methodology

10
Recent estimates reveal that world over, 218 million sexual. Thus, ensuring that children do not work in
children (5-17 years, excluding child domestic labour) exploitative conditions is essential to safe guard their
are involved in child labour, of which about 126 million rights and assure them of a secure childhood.
children are engaged in hazardous situations such as Although there are a number of laws that relate to the
working in mines, working with chemicals and pesticides prevention of child labour in India, children labour continues
in agriculture or working with dangerous machinery 4. to thrive. The Commission on Child Labour states:
In Asia, one out of every five children between 5 and 14
years of age is involved in child labour. That amounts to “No economic or social issue has been of such compeling
a staggering 150 million child labourers between the concern to the Commission as the persistence, fifty
ages of 5 and 14 is Asia region alone5. years after Independence, of widespread child labour
Newspaper reports reveal that government statistics on in our country. It prevails, despite articles 23, 24, 39(e)
the child labour population show that India has over 20 & (f), 41, 45 and 47 of the Constitution and despite the
million child labourers. NGO estimates are higher and passing of various legislations on the subject between
these suggest that this number is as high as 60 million 1948 and 1986. It has defied the terms of six Conven-
and can extend upto a 100 million if all out of school tions of the International Labour Organization to which
children are part of the labour force6. India is a party and the Convention on the Rights of
the Child, in addition. Despite the announcement of a
The UNICEF definition for child labour is drawn from National Child Labour Policy in 1987, the subsequent
Article 32 of the Convention on Rights of the Child constitution of a National Authority for the Elimination
(CRC), which states that child labour is any work that of Child Labour (NAECL) and the undertaking of National
is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s Child Labour Projects (NCLP) in an increasing number
education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or of areas of our country, the goal of ending child labour
physical, spiritual, moral or social development7. remains elusive, even in respect of the estimated two
million children working in hazardous industries who
The causes and consequences of child labour are well were to be freed from such tyranny by the year 2000”10.
known and documented. Poverty, low levels of illiteracy,
debts incurred by parents are some of the causes of child
labour8. The absence of social security systems in India In addition to Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian
also contributes to child labour as does the indifferent Constitution which safeguard a child below the age
and difficult to access educational system9. Child labourers of 14 from being in factories, mines11 and any other
are often made to work for long hours and poor pay. hazardous employment and give the child a right
Although information on the repercussions of child labour not to be used in “forced” or “bonded” labour12,
is difficult to find, it is well known that that child workers a number of laws have been enacted to curtail the
are more vulnerable to abuse. Migrant child workers spread of child labour, the most important of these
do not have family support and are isolated; enhancing being ‘The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
their vulnerability and emphasizing their helplessness. Act, 1986’. Section 3 of this Act focuses on the
Moreover, children who live away from their families in prohibition of employment of children in certain
the commercial units where they work are more vulnerable occupations and processes. Other laws that relate
to abuse in all its forms- verbal, physical, emotional and to the prevention of child labour include:

4
UNICEF (2006) ‘Child Protection Information Sheet: Child Labour’ 7
Khanna, P. (n.d) Combating Child Labour in India taken from
taken from http://www.unicef.org/protection/files/ Child_la- http://www.unicef.org/india/child_protection_1726.htm
bour.pdf and http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childla- 8
Breaking free from child labour taken from http://www.unicef.org/
bour.html india/child_protection_274.htm
Plan (2005) ‘Growing up in Asia: Plan’s Strategic framework for fight-
5 9
Child Labour in India taken from http://www.childlineindia.org.in/
ing child poverty in Asia 2005-2015’ Plan Ltd: Thailand p. 42 child-labour-india.htm
6
Over 60 million child labourers in India! taken from http://www.in- 10
National Initiative for Child Protection, 2000 taken from
diatribune.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=2884:over- http://nhrc.nic.in/hrissues.htm#no8
60-million-child-laborers-in-india&Itemid=400 11
http://www.indiana.edu/~aid/files/child_labour.html
12
http://www.indiana.edu/~aid/files/child_labour.html

11
 Additionally, twenty-two children were rescued from
• Amendment to the Central Civil Services (Conduct) eateries and jewellery shops in Girgaum.
Rules 1964 and the All India Services (Conduct)
Rules, 1968 in 2007 Mahesh Patil, deputy commissioner of police stated
• Amendment to The Child Labour that most of the children were “…aged between eight
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 in Oct 2006 and 15, mostly natives of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and
• Bonded Labour System Act, 1976 West Bengal”14.
• Bidi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966
• Labour Law Apprentice Act, 1961 He added that the children were made to put in 12 hour
• Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 shifts and paid an average of Rs 2500 per month. This
• Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 raises a few pertinent questions
• Amendment to the Mines Act 1952
• Plantation Labour Act, 1951 • Why do establishments that employ children as labour
• Factories Act, 1948 ers flourish in certain geographic parts of Mumbai like
• Indian Ports Act, 1908 Madanpura and Nagpada despite the regular raids
• Employment of young persons on dangerous carried out in these areas?
machines
• Prohibition of employment of women and children • Why are children from states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
near cotton-openers Orissa and West Bengal repeatedly coming to Mumbai?
• Mumbai shops and establishment act 1948
• Juvenile justice Act 2000 • Does the arrest of the owner serve as a deterrent to his
• Indian Penal Code (IPC) Act 1860 re-employing children?

• What are the gaps in the rehabilitation services which

Despite such laws, child labour continues to loom large in lead the children to re-employment?
Indian society. Raids are conducted regularly in Mumbai,
the commercial capital of India. The first round of the This study seeks to find out the answers to some of
Mumbai raids was conducted in 2008 where over 400 these questions.
children were rescued in a single raid. The sample for this As part of the background for this study, it is essential
study has been taken from the children rescued during that a clear understanding of the Standard Operating
those raids. Since then, raids have been conducted in al- Procedure related to the rescue and rehabilitation of
most every year in different geographic area of Mumbai. child labourers is developed.
In June 2012, raids were conducted in several small-scale
units at Dagar Chawl in the Madanpura area of Nagpada, Protocol on Prevention, Rescue, Repatriation and
Mumbai. Over a hundred children were rescued from Rehabilitation of Trafficked and Migrant Child Labour
twenty units that included zari, bag manufacturing, jewel-
lery and shoe making units. Senior inspector Vinayak Following the raids and rescues conducted in Mumbai in
Sawade of the Nagpada police was quoted in newspapers 2006, a strong need was felt to create a standard set of
stating that most of the rescued children were aged guidelines that would form the framework for any raid-
between eight and fourteen years of age and were not rescue and rehabilitation in any district in Maharashtra.
native to Maharashtra or Mumbai, hailing from Bihar, To this end, in 2006 itself, UNICEF (Maharashtra) took the
Orissa and other states 13. More recently, in March 2014, initiative and got together expert personnel from NGOs,
raids were conducted yet again in Byculla and Madanpura Police, Labour Department and the DWCD to combine
areas of Mumbai. Around 125 children were rescued from their experiences and develop a Standard Operating
leather goods factories and jewelry shops. Around the Guideline that would serve as a base for all operations
same time, Nagpada police rescued six child labourers centered on rescue and rehabilitation of working children.
from three different establishments in Madanpura and The Government of Maharashtra was the first to put these
arrested three employers. SOPs into practice in 2008. A few months later, in 2008
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_106-child-labour-
13 the Central Government put together the currently used
ers-saved-from-nagpada-units_1702426
Standard Operating Guidelines to be followed for the
14
http://www.fashionunited.com/fashion-news/apparel/fur-
release, restoration and rehabilitation of child labour
ther-raids-on-india-factories-20141303494909

12
The protocol has been divided into eight chapters which During and post the rescue operation, the rescued child
are summarized in the following paragraphs. worker should be physically separated from the employer
or other adult co-workers. It is the responsibility of
In the first introductory chapter, crucial areas which the concerned officers to ensure that the child is not
required attention have been identified. These are exposed to the employer or his agents.

• Better co-ordination amongst key players The nodal department is responsible for arranging to
• Strict enforcement of laws transport the rescued children to temporary shelter
• Long drawn repatriation process homes/drop-in centres. They should also make adequate
• Cross border trafficking arrangements for their food and refreshment. It is
essential that the details of every child must be included
This chapter also presents the rationale behind developing in the FIR. Finally, every rescued migrant or trafficked
the protocol. child labour, including bonded child labour, has to be
presented before the Child Welfare Committee.
Chapter 2 details the constitutional provisions and
international conventions that have a bearing on child Chapter 7 deals with the post- rescue and repatriation
labour while processes. It states that every rescued child should be
examined by a medical team within 24 hours after the
Chapter 3 focuses on the existing Indian legal framework. rescue to report any evidence of physical and sexual
abuse which could be used as supportive evidence
Chapter 4 discusses the various government programs against the employers/owners of the commercial
and policies that relate to child labour while establishments. It designates the Child Welfare Committee
as the guardian of the child and gives them the right to
Chapter 5 provides operational definitions of key terms make decisions in the best interest of the child. It is the
and concepts used in the protocol. duty of the nodal Department to monitor the children till
they are restored to their families. If the child belongs to
Chapter 6 covers the pre-rescue and rescue processes. some other State, the child shall be restored to the family
It states that the District Labour Department must by coordinating with State Resident Commissioners, local
necessarily be part of any rescue operation and adds that administration of the district as well as the CWC of the
where possible, the assistance of social organisations or destination district. This chapter also provides guidelines
NGOs should be sought in both the rescue and post on the legal action to be taken and on the evidence to
rescue operations. be collected.
The composition of the rescue team may include members
from the following Chapter 8 sets out the rehabilitation services and steps
to be taken to prevent the child from re-entering the
• The Department of Labour; labour force. The rehabilitation plan has two components
• The Police; • educational rehabilitation for the child and
• The Municipal Corporation or the local self-government • economic rehabilitation for the family.
like the Zilla
• Parishad or panchayats as the case maybe; The responsibility and roles of concerned players are
• Social Welfare Officer/Probation Officer/DM’s nominee/ clearly set out in this chapter.
CWCs; and Preventive strategies which include awareness building,
• NGOs, social organizations, trade unions or other sensitizing the concerned officials, identifying and pun-
responsible citizens. ishing the middle men, creating monitoring and vigilance
• Doctor with first aid kit. committees both in the source and demand areas, es-
• Lady Police/volunteers when rescuing girls. tablishing a State level Core Committee on Child Labour,
ensuring that different Government Departments and
Prior to the rescue, all the members of the rescue team other stakeholders, including Child Welfare Committees,
should be given an orientation to the laws related to child the State Children’s Commission, the State Human Rights
labour. They should also be sensitized as to how to deal Commission and NGOs work in coordination to eliminate
with the children so that their trauma is minimized. child labour and capacity building of all concerned stake-
holders are detailed in this chapter.

13
 The subsequent section introduces the Rashtriya labour force once again? What needs to be done to ensure
Swasthya Bima Yojana, a health insurance scheme that these children and others like them do not slip out of
offered to below poverty level (BPL) households is also the protective net yet again? What is the conviction rate
explained as it is one of the few insurance schemes that amongst those arrested for ‘The Child Labour
provide cover for multiple members of a household. (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986’? What can be
done to enhance it? What steps need to be taken to ensure
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) that employers refrain from employing children? Can
the community (where the units are based) be involved
This is a health insurance scheme launched by Ministry of in reducing child labour? What needs to be done in the
Labour and Employment, Government of India to provide source areas (where the children originate) to retain the
health insurance coverage for Below Poverty Line (BPL) children there and reduce their migration to metro cities
families to provide security to BPL households from like Mumbai for work? Can the local communities in the
financial expenses that they incur for ailments that source areas be involved in preventing children from
involve hospitalization. Under this scheme, beneficiaries are migrating for employment?
entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs. 30,000/- for
most of the diseases that require hospitalization. There is There are no easy answers; in fact most of these
no age limit and pre-existing conditions are provided questions have no answers – so far the quest to end child
coverage from day one. The scheme extends coverage labour stops with the rescue and the restoration of the
to five members of the family including the head of rescued children. Yet, as can be seen, rescue and
household, spouse and up to three dependents. The cost restoration alone do not seem to act as a deterrent to
to beneficiaries is extremely low (a registration fee of child labour. Hence, it is essential that we seek answers to
Rs. 30/- only) as the premium is paid for by the Central some of the questions raised above as these may lead to
and State Government directly to the selected insurer. new insights and enable the development of strategies to
Since this is a family health insurance scheme, the child reduce and eventually end child labour.
respondents were asked if they were covered under
this scheme. This study also examines the extent to which the provisions
The next section presents the rationale of the study. set out in the above Protocol have been followed.

Rationale of the Study Aims

Not much is known about the fate of rescued children
post restoration. A number of questions spring to mind 1. To study the current status of those arrested for
Are the rescued child labourers now attending school and the violation of JJ Act and Indian Penal Code The
enjoying a carefree childhood or have they entered the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
during the raids conducted from 2008 onwards in
Mumbai.

2. To determine the extent to which the penalty of

Rs. 20000 as directed by the Supreme Court has
been collected from the owners of units with child
laborers.

3. To assess whether the collection of up to Rs. 20000

penalty as directed by Supreme Court in keeping
with the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act,
1986 from some of these owners acts as a deterrent
to the employment of children.

4. To examine the current status of selected

communities in Mumbai where the raids were
conducted from 2008 onwards.

14
 from these police stations. These covered a total of 366
5. To ascertain the current status of a selected sample of industrial units. This means that a single FIR covered
children rescued post the 2008 raids Mumbai. more than one industrial unit. This ensured that the
police stations continued to be the central unit for the
6. To study emerging trends across selected study as planned. Following the collection of data on the
geographic areas in Mumbai and map anti child labour FIRs, the data collectors visited each of the factories/
initiatives in these areas. commercial units mentioned in the FIRs to ascertain
whether children were currently employed in these units.
Methodology This would help determine whether filing FIRs proved to
be a deterrent to employing children. Since there was no
This is an investigative cum exploratory study which legal data, the involvement of the lawyer was minimal
made use of a mixed methodology drawing from both and the data was analysed jointly by Project Coordinator
quantitative and qualitative methods. One advantage of and Research Consultant. Please see Chapter 5 for data
mixed methods is that it allows for flexibility and changes related to this.
in the methodology during the study. This means that the
methodology can be modified in response to challenges Of the 77 FIRs that were filed on 366 establishments,
that may occur at the field level during the data collection. only 209 (57%) have been produced in front of the apex
court. Judgments have been passed in only three cases.
Indeed, a number of changes were made in the The remaining cases are currently subjudice. Similarly,
methodology during the process of data collection. The data related to these 77 cases was obtained from the
first related to the legal data. The original plan was to Labour court. No judgments had been pronounced on
collect the cases filed in the court and analyse these with any of these cases. Since these cases are now subjudice,
the help of a lawyer. However, most of the cases were we were unable to access any information on them. This
currently being heard in the court which meant that it in turn implies that no data was available for any of these
was not possible to access data regarding the cases. cases with regard to the penalty as these cases are still
When a matter is subjudice, it is not permitted to discuss being tried.
the same or provide information regarding the same to
people who are not directly involved in the case. Instead, Please see Tables 1 and 2 below for a distribution of
FIRs were collected from 32 police stations across Mumbai. A industrial units against whom FIRs were filed across of
total of 77 FIRs (First Information Reports) were obtained FIRs collected the police stations.

Table 1 Distribution of Industrial Units across Police Stations

Sr. No. Police Station Hotel Leather Shops Zari work Any other Total

1 Agripada 0 38 0 0 0 38
2 Antop hill 1 0 0 0 0 1
3 Bangur Nagar 1 0 0 0 0 1
4 Bhandup 10 0 0 0 1 11
5 BKC 4 0 0 0 1 5
6 Chembur 3 0 5 0 1 9
7 Dahisar 3 0 0 0 0 3
8 Dharavi 24 6 1 8 6 45
9 Dongri 28 1 2 0 2 33
10 Dr. D.V. Marg 1 0 0 0 0 1
11 Fort 5 0 0 0 0 5

15
 Sr. No. Police Station Hotel Leather Shops Zari work Any other Total

12 Girgoan 7 0 1 0 0 8
13 GTB Nagar 1 0 0 0 0 1
14. Kandiwali 0 0 0 0 2 2
15. Kasturba Marg 1 0 0 0 0 1
16. Kurar 3 0 0 0 0 3
17. L. T. Marg 0 6 0 0 0 6
18. Mahim 0 0 0 1 0 1
19. Malad 1 0 0 0 2 3
20. Malvani 3 0 1 0 0 4
21. Meghwadi 4 0 0 0 0 4
22. MHB Colony 2 0 0 0 0 2
23. MIDC 3 0 0 0 0 3
24. Nagpada 8 69 0 1 0 78
25. Nehru Nagar 4 9 2 0 15
26. Oshiwara 5 0 0 0 3 8
27. Paydhuni 3 0 0 0 0 3
28. Powai 2 0 1 0 1 4
29. RCF 0 0 0 0 1 1
30. Sakinaka 8 0 0 0 0 8
31. Samta Nagar 0 0 0 0 1 1
32. Shahu Nagar 12 3 0 0 0 15
33. Shivaji Nagar 15 0 0 10 3 28
34. Sir J.J. Marg 5 0 0 0 0 5
35. Tardeo 1 4 0 0 0 5
36. Trombay 3 0 0 0 0 3
37. Wanrai 0 0 0 0 1 1
38. Worli 0 0 0 0 1 1

Total 171 136 13 20 26 366

16
Primary data was collected from three groups of provided the child’s perception to enable new insights
respondents, all of whom were located in the four police into what needs to be changed during the rescue process
zones of Dharavi, Byculla, Chembur and Antop Hill (Sion) so that the best interest of the child is at the foci of the
through which the maximum number of raids were rescue process. Data on the proceedings after the rescue
conducted. Since the topic was a sensitive one, informed was also collected as was their current status with a view
consent was sought from all the respondents. To this end, to understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the
a consent letter (in Hindi) was read to all the respondents. existing rehabilitative measures and provide suggestions
Through the consent letter, the respondents were provided on the way forward.
information about the study. Moreover, the reason for Identifying the children was a time consuming process
collecting data was explained to them. since most of the children who participated in the survey
were working and many resided with the employers or in
The respondents were assured that their personal the unit/factory where they worked. Collecting data from
details including their names would be kept confidential them proved to be extremely challenging. The data col-
and that no one other than the researchers will have lectors had to make multiple trips to collect data from a
any access to this information. All the respondents were single child. It also took time to win the trust of the child
told that they could choose not to answer any question and enable him (most of the respondents were boys) to
and that their choice would be respected All this was talk freely. Moreover, the data collection process was
extremely essential to enable the child workers and the interrupted by the arrival of the owner/employer which
employers feel at ease. It also helped create a safe and acted as a check on the child, preventing him from talking
emphathetic atmosphere for the child workers to share freely. Due to these constraints, the data collection took
their stories. Finally, all respondents were informed that more than two months. The findings from the survey are
the data collected from them would be compiled into a presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4.
report which would then be published. However, they Please note that the data collectors took care not to
were assured that every care would be taken to protect ask the children questions related to the abuse they
their identity and to ensure that no one would be able to faced because these could cause the children emotional
identify them from the information given in the report. trauma. The tool (provided in the Annexure 2) did not
Please see Annexure 1 for the consent form. have any questions that related to the abuse faced by
the children. However, some of the children spoke about
The groups of respondents include the abuse on their own accord, without any prompting.
The data collectors gave the children a hearing and the
• Children who were rescued during the 2008 raids children too spoke about the incidences in passing. No
special emphasis was placed on this information during
Survey questionnaire which contained a mix of quantita- the data collection. The data collectors were not qualified
tive close ended questions and qualitative open ended to counsel the children and none of the children asked for
ones. This is in keeping with the mixed method research help regarding this.
design. The number of children rescued during these
raids is approximately 2225. Keeping in mind that 80 per- Drawings The use of drawings to elicit the feelings, thoughts
cent of the children involved in child labour are migrant and memories of respondents is often used in qualitative or
children from outside of Mumbai, only approximately 425 mixed method research. These are extremely suitable for
children (the remaining 20%) are residents of Mumbai children who sometimes find it easier to communicate
and hence formed the universe for the study. A total of through drawings than through words and language15. A
85 children (20% of 425) were covered as part of the total of 45 children took part in this exercise. It was envis-
survey. Demographic data related to the children, their aged that 42 (10% of 425) children would be part of this;
parents and siblings was collected as part of the survey however, four other children wanted to join in and so the
to provide a clear picture of the socio-economic, numbers were increased to 45. These children comprised
educational and health status of children and see if this the 85 children who participated in the survey.
had a bearing on their being asked to work. The children The original plan was to bring all the children to a central
were also asked questions related to their employment location and conduct the drawing workshop. However,
prior to the rescue and the rescue process. This data since most of the children were currently working

Mitchell, C, Theron, L, Stuart, J, Smith, A & Campbell, Z (2011) Drawings as Research Method in L. Theron, A. Smith & J. Stuart (Eds) Picturing
15

Research: Drawing as Visual Methodology (pp.19- 36). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers

17
 this was not possible. Moreover, the owners were unwilling Focus group discussion (FGDs) with members of the
to give permission for the children to leave the factory communities where the raids were conducted. A focus
premises. Hence, the data collectors had no other option group discussion guide was developed, translated into
but to visit the children individually (often at the workplace) Hindi and used for this purpose. Please see Annexure 3
and got them to draw. This influenced the drawings as for the FGD guide. The results of the FGDs are presented
can be seen in Chapter 5 which presents the interpretation of in Chapter 5.
the drawings. Moreover, most children found it extremely
difficult to decide what to draw and hence the facilitators Unstructured interviews were conducted with four
suggested that they divide the drawing into three sections employers/owners of workshops/factories where raids
and draw scenes that depicted were conducted. A guideline was used for the unstructured
 Their lives before the rescue, interviews (attached in Annexure 4) to ensure uniformity
 The actual rescue and across the four interviews with the owners. For the
 Their current life. results of these interviews, please refer to Chapter 5.

Please also see Table 3 below for an Overview of the

Data Collection.

Table 3 Overview of data collection

Total Number of
Sr. No. Tool Used Respondent Group
respondents

1 Survey tools Working children 85

who were rescued

2 Drawings Working children 45

who were rescued

3 Focus Group Members of the community 29

where raids were conducted

4 Unstructured Owners of commercial 4

units where the raids
were conducted

Total 13 163

Analysis The qualitative data from the survey questionnaires and

Quantitative data from the survey questionnaires with the FGDs was analyzed using an overhead grid or a matrix as
rescued child labourers were analyzed using Excel work- per Knodel (1993, p. 47)16 . As per Knodel (1993, p. 47-48),
sheets following which the data was tabulated using statis- a matrix is a grid with topic headings on one axis and focus
tical calculations such as frequencies and cross tabulations. group sessions on the other. Each cell contains summaries

Knodel J (1993) ‘Design and Analysis of Focus Group Studies in D. L. Morgan (Ed) Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the State of the Art
16

p. 35- 50. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

18
of a particular FGI relevant to the respective topic heading. categories and themes while the data from the unstructured
These matrices were created on Excel sheets. The drawings interviews were subject to category analysis.
collected from the children were examined for emergent

Overview of the Report

This report contains six chapters. This chapter, Chapter 1 is the introductory chapter which gives the context for
the study and details the research design.

Chapters 2 gives information on the demographic data on the respondent children and their families. Data on
access to basic amenities is also discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 3 provides details of the life of the child prior to the raid and the rescue. It includes information on the
type of work done, the facilities at the work place, salaries and hours worked as well as treatment by employer.

Chapter 4 expounds data on the rescue/raid operation and the proceedings thereafter. Information on the
rehabilitation efforts and current status of the child are also detailed therein. The analysis of the qualitative data
from the drawings made by the children is also presented in this Chapter.

Chapter 5 covered data collected from other sources (not working children). Qualitative primary data in terms
of the FGDs and Unstructured Interview is analysed in this chapter. The quantitative secondary data from the FIRs
collected from the police station is also discussed here.

Chapter 6 is the concluding chapter which highlights the key findings and presents suggestions and
recommendations to reduce child labour.

19
 CHAPTER 2
Demographic Data

20
This chapter provides data on the age, occupation and Age, occupation and state of origin of
state of origin of the children as well as their siblings. It respondent children
also provides information on the type of housing as well This section provides information on the
as the basic amenities available to the children. Access respondent children in terms of their gender, age,
to educational and health facilities are also discussed in occupation and state of origin. Cross tables have been
this chapter. Please refer to Annexure 5 for all the tables provided where appropriate.
related to this chapter.

Fig 1 Distribution of Respondents across Gender

8% Girls

92% Boys

N=85
Figure 1 above shows that a majority of the respondents were boys; a total of 85 children were covered in the survey of
which 07 were girls and 78 were boys.

Fig 2 Distribution of Respondent children across Gender and Age

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%
Girls
50.00%
Boys
40.00%
Total
30.00%

20.00%
10.00%
00.00%
N=85
As is seen in Figure 2 above, most of the girls were 13 years of age while one each reported being 11 and 12 years old.
The ages of the boys in the survey ranged from 9 to 17. Around one fifth of the boys were 12 and 13 years old each
(20.51%, 16 of 78 each) while a sixth of the boys each were 14 and 15 years old (12.82%, 10 of 78 each). Nine boys were
over 16 years of age while two were 17 years old. The remaining six boys were 10 years (04) and 09 years (02) of age.
Please also refer to Table 5 in annexure for more details.

21
 Fig 3 Distribution of Respondent children across Gender and Occupation

50.00%
45.00% Girls
40.00%
35.00% Boys
30.00%
25.00% Total
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%

Delievering Tiffin
Hotel

Metal Work
Street Vending
Leather Factory

Pani Puris

Begging

Not Applicable
Ragpicking
Zari Work

Making gold
Making and

Ornaments
N=85

The occupations of the children were also varied. All seven girls stated that they were currently employed while all except
four of the boys (94.87%, 74 of 78) reported that they were currently working. Amongst the girls, three were rag pickers
while two others worked in hotels. The other occupations in which one girl was employed included begging and
making puris in the pani puri industry. Four of the boys stated that they were currently not working, of which three were
at home while one was studying. One fifth of the boys (21.791%, 17 of 78) worked in hotels and other eateries followed by
leather factories (17.95%, 14 of 78) and zari workshops (16.67%, 13 of 78). One eights of the boys (12.82%, 10 of 78) stated
that they sold things on the streets (street vendors). Other areas of work included making puri in the pani puris industry
(7.69%, 06 of 78), metal work and rag picking (5.13%, 04 of 78 each). A smaller number of boys were employed in
the following
• Making and delivering tiffin dabbas (02)
• Begging (02)
• Making gold ornaments (02)
Please also refer to Table 6 in annexure for more details.

Fig 4 Distribution across Gender and State of Origin

41.18%

36.47%

9.41%
5.88%
3.53%
1.18% 1.18% 1.18%

Assam Bihar Gujarat Maharashtra Rajasthan UP West Jharkhand

Bengal

N=85

22
Two fifths of the children (41.18%, 35 of 85; 03 girls and to sisters who were working, one (aged 21) was employed
32 boys) reported that they originally hailed from UP as a domestic help while the occupations of the other
while a third were from Bihar (36.47%, 31 of 65; 03 girls three (aged 11, 12 and 17) were not known. Please also
and 28 boys). Slightly less than ten percent (9.41%, 08 of refer to Table 11 in Annexure for more details.
65, all boys) stated that they were from Rajasthan. Other
stated included Details on parents of respondent children
• Jharkhand (05 boys)
• West Bengal (03 boys) Fig 5 Person with whom Respondent Child is
• Assam (01 boy) and Currently Residing
• Maharashtra (01 girl).
Please also see Table 7 in annexure for more details.
es
elativ
R
Age, education and occupation of siblings of 7%
respondent children
Parents
The 85 children surveyed had total of 172 siblings whose 51%
Owner
ages ranged from 3 to 22 years. As can be seen from
42%
Table 3 in annex, eight of these siblings (05 girls and 03
boys) were less than six years of age while four (03 girls
and 01 boys) were more than 16 years old. Around an
eight of the siblings were each aged 10 (13.95%, 24 of
172; 09 girls and 15 boys) and 11 years (12.21%, 21 of 172;
The data revealed that more than half of the children
08 girls and 13 boys). Please refer to Table 8 in
resided with their parents (50.59%) while two fifths
annexure for more details.
(42.35%) lived with the owners of the workshops.
The remaining (7.06%) stated that they lived with
EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF SIBLINGS
relatives. Please see Figure above and refer to Table 12
in Annexure for more details.
More than half of the siblings (51.16%, 88 of 172, 44
girls and boys each) had never been enrolled in schools.
Fig 6 Details of parents Residing with the
Information on the educational status of one sixth of the
Respondent Child
siblings (15.11%, 26 of 172; 15 girls and 11 boys) was not
known. Please see Table 9 in annexure for more details.
ly
On her
A third of the siblings (33.72%, 58 of 172, 28 girls and t
Mo 6%
30 boys) were currently studying. Two sevenths of these 1
(29.31%, 17 of 58, 10 girls and 07 boys) were currently
pursuing their primary education (up to Std 4th) while Both Parents
close to two fifths (41.38%, 24 of 58, 09 girls and 15 boys) Only Father 53%
were attending upper primary school (Standards) 4th to 30%
7th. Thirteen (08 girls and 05 boys) were in secondary
school (Standards 7 to 10) while three (01 girl, 02 boys)
had completed their SSC and one (a boy) had completed
his XI standard exams. Please see Table 10 in annexure N = 43 no of children who resided with their parents.
for more details.
More than half the children reported that they lived with
EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF THE SIBLINGS their parents (50.59%, 43 of 85). More than half of these
(53.49%, 23 of 43) stated that both parents resided with
Surprisingly, the data showed that extremely few of the them while close to a third reported that only their father
siblings (04 girls and 03 boys) were working. All the (30.23%, 13 of 43) stayed with them and around a sixth
brothers who were employed were over sixteen years of (16.28%, 07 of 43) revealed that their mother resided
age; the occupations of two were not known while the with them. Please see Figure 6 above and refer to Table
third (aged 21) was a construction worker. When it came 13 in Annexure for more details.

23
 As per the data, a large majority of the children mentioned Details of Housing and Amenities Available to
that they had a father (88.57%, 71 of 85) while nearly Respondent Children
all (90.59%, 77 of 85) reported having a mother. Twelve While all those who lived with the owners reported living
children stated that they had lost one parent to death in permanent structures which belonged to the owner,
(09 lost fathers while 03 lost their mothers). Five the status of residence of children who lived with their
children did not provide details regarding their parents. parents in Mumbai was different. Two children stated that
Please see Table 14 in Annexure for more details. they lived on the streets with their parents and so had
no shelter or structure protecting them while two others
EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF PARENTS added that they stayed in homes owned by their parents- one
in a semi-permanent dwelling and the other in a permanent
Many of the children mentioned that they did not know house. However, more than 90 percent (90.69%, 39 of
about the educational status of their fathers (74.65%, 53 43) explained that they along with their parents resided
of 71) and mothers (62.34%, 48 of 77). More than a third in rented homes. Please also refer to Table 18 in
(37.66%, 29 of 77) added that their mothers had received Annexure for more details.
no education at all while this was true of a sixth of the fa-
thers (15.49%, 11 of 71). A total of seven children reported Close to three fifths (58.97%, 23 of 39 those in rented homes
that their fathers had received some education as below in Mumbai) added that their houses were temporary in
nature, while a fifth each resided in semi-permanent and
• One each had completed Standard II and III permanent structures (20.51%, 08 of 39 each). Please also
• One each had completed Standard V, VI and VII refer to Table 19 in Annexure for more details.
• One each had competed Standard X and XII
Please also see Table 15 in annexure for more details. Fig 7 No of rooms in the Houses where Respondent
Children Reside
EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF PARENTS
No Room
Nearly all the children stated that their mothers were not 2%
employed (92.21%, 71 of 77) while more than half of the
Two Room
children reported that their fathers were not employed
70%
(56.34%, 40 of 71). Of the six mothers who were working,
one was working in the agricultural sector while two were
employed as domestic workers. Three children explained One Room 70%
that they did not know the details of their mother’s em-
ployment. The data showed that 31 fathers were currently
working. The details of the sectors of work are as below

• Agriculture (01) N=85

• Casual Labour (11)
• Construction work (08) A large majority of the children (69.41%, 59 of 85) lived
in single room houses while two sevenths (28.24%, 24 of
Eleven children added that they did not know where their 85) resided in two room houses. Two children who lived
fathers were employed. The low percentage of parental on the streets with their parents stated that they did not
employment could well be a reason for the respondent have any structure and hence this question was not
children to continue working despite being rescued applicable to them. Please also see Table 20 in annexure
once. Please also see Table 16 and 17 in Annexure for for more details.
more details.
Since a majority of the children lived in one room homes
it follows that most did not have a separate kitchen
bathing area or a toilet in their place of residence.

24
Fig 8 Percent of Respondent Children who had Fig 9 Type of Toilet facilities available to the
kitchen and bathing area facilities available within Respondent Children
the house NA
64.71%
2%

27.06%

Kitchen Bathing Area In Open

38%
N=85

60 children (70.59%) stated that there was no separate Common Toilet

kitchen while 55 (64.71%) added that although their 59%
residences did not have a separate room for bathing, a
small area had been allocated for this purpose in their
Toilet in house
home. 16 children reported that a small kuccha area had
been build outside the house for bathing (15 of these
1% N=85
children lived with the owner while one resided with his Only one child who lived with his parents reported having
parents) while the remaining 14 mentioned that they a toilet in the home while 50 others (58.82%) made use
bathed in an open spaces outside the house. Please also of common toilets. The remaining 34 (40.00%) revealed
see Figure 8 above. that they used open public spaces. Please refer to
Tables 21, 22, 23 and 24 in Annexure for details.

Details of Basic Amenities available to the respondent children

Basic amenities such as water sources for drinking/cooking as well as cleaning/bathing, availability of electricity and ration
cards are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Around two thirds of the children (64.71%, 55 of 85) mentioned that they got water for drinking and cooking from government
taps while a third used hand pumps (34.12%, 29 of 85) and a quarter made use of wells (25.88%, 22 of 85). One tenth of the
children (9.41%, 08 of 85) added that tankers were also used. Please note that children gave more than one source of water
and hence the totals will exceed 100 percent. Please also see Tables 25 and 26 in Annexure for more details.

Fig 10 Details of Water Sources Available

64.71% 67.06%

34.12% 34.12%
25.88% 25.88%
9.41% 5.88%

Government Tap Hand pump Well Tanker

For bathing and cleaning For drinking and cooking

25
 Similar trends were seen when it came to water source for More than four fifths of the children (82.35%, 72 of 85)
bathing and cleaning with more than two thirds (67.06%, reported that the water was clear and free from impurities
57 of 85) stating that they got water from government taps while about 15 percent (15.29%, 13 of 85) observed that the
while a third (34.12%, 29 of 85) added that hand pumps water used for drinking and cooking was yellowish in colour.
were used for getting water. A quarter mentioned wells One eights of the children added that the water was smelly
(25.88%, 22 of 85) while around six percent (5.88%, 05 of (12.94%, 11 of 85) while seven percent noted particles
85) spoke about getting water for bathing and cleaning floating in the water (7.06%, 07 of 85). Two children also
from tankers. Please note that many children mentioned felt that the water had a bad smell. Please note that some
more than one source of water for bathing and cleaning children gave more than one response for the quality of
and hence the total will exceed 100 percent. Please also water and hence the totals will exceed 100 percent. Please
see Table 27 in Annexure for more details. also see Table 28 and 29 in Annexure for more details.

Fig 11 Quality of Water Available

100.00%

90.00%
80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%
10.00%
00.00%
Clear Muddy Smelly Yellowish Particles
Floating

Percentage of quality of water for drinking and cooking Percentage of quality of water for bathing and cleaning

Ninety percent of the children (90.59%, 77 of 85) reported opined that it was muddy (2.35%). Please note that some
that the water was clear and free from impurities. Seven children gave more than one response for the quality of
children (8.24%) observed particles floating in the water water and hence the totals will exceed 100 percent.
while five (5.88%) added that it was yellowish in colour. Please also see Table 30 in Annexure for more details.
Four children felt that the water smelt bad (4.71%) and two

Fig 12 Percent of respondent children with Electricity and Ration Cards

94.12%

51.76%

Electricity Ration Card N=85

26
Nearly all children (94.12%, 80 of 85) reported having had orange cards (Above poverty line) and one had a white
electricity in their residences while more than half (51.77%, ration card (Income above 1 lakh). Seven children did not
44 of 85) stated that they had ration cards. Of these, 21 know whether their families had ration cards while 34 de-
were unable to provide information on the colour of the clared that they did not have any ration cards in Mumbai.
card while 15 had yellow cards (Below Poverty Line), 07 Please also refer to Tables 31, 32, 33 and 34 in Annexure.

Fig 13 Educational status of the respondent children

50.00%
45.00% Girls
40.00%
35.00% Boys
30.00%
25.00% Total
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
2

Never been
to School
Do not
know
N=85

None of the girls received an education beyond sixth standard. Two informed that they had completed sixth standard,
one had passed fifth standard and three had only completed the basic primary schooling till standard fourth. One girl
added that she had never been enrolled in school. More than a third of the boys had never been to school (34.62%, 27 of
78). More than 45 percent (46.15%, 36 of 78) had not received an education beyond fifth standard. Only three had com-
pleted their upper primary education (beyond 7th standard). The average age of a seventh standard student in India is
12 years and three fourths of the children (78.82%)covered as part of this survey aged 12 and above; yet only 07 children
had completed their seventh standard, of which two completed eight standard and one ninth. None of the children sur-
veyed had completed their Class 10 partly due to the fact that only 19 of them were old enough to have written this exam.
Please also see Table 35 in Annexure.

Fig 14 Current status of respondent children

76.92%
71.43% 76.47%

Girls Boys Total

28.57% 17.95%
18.82%
3.85% 3.53%
1.28% 1.18%
0.00% 0.00%

Working Working and Studying Neither

Studying

27
 When asked about what they were doing currently, over Eight (all boys) of the eleven children opined that
three fourths (76.47%, 65 of 85; 05 girls and 65 boys) they faced problems due to the teacher.
reported that they were currently working full time while These included
slightly less than a fifth (18.82%, 16 of 85; 02 girls and 14
boys) stated that they were working and studying simultane- • Teacher not teaching properly (03)
ously- which meant that they attended school and worked • Teacher not being present in the classroom (02)
in the hours that they were not in school. One boy was • Being afraid of the teacher (02)
studying and not working while three others (all boys) were • Teacher beating the students (01)
at home- neither working nor studying. Of the seventeen
who were pursuing education (16 were also working and In the words of one boy
one was only studying), sixteen (94.12%, 16 of 17) attended The teacher is usually not in the classroom; she is
municipal schools while one attended a Hindi medium outside talking to other teachers. Even on the rare
private school. It was interesting to note that the child who occasions when she does come, she does not teach
attended a private school did so whilst working. Please also properly. She gives us work and leaves. The children
see Table 36 in Annexure. then fool around and create havoc. The teacher told
us that what is the need to teach till Standard 8,
Fig 15 Medium of instruction in schools anyway all children will pass- there is a no detention
policy.

Urdu Four children (all boys) mentioned access and

25% infrastructure related problems which included

Marathi • The absence of potable drinking water in school (02)

12% • Not able to avail of books (both text and note book)
Hindi 63%
(01)
• The distance between school and home being too
much (01)

Three children (01 girl and 02 boys) felt that it was

difficult to understand what was being taught in
N=16 No. of respondent children attending municipal schools
school. The girl who was currently in 10th standard
statedI am in 10th Standard and face a lot of
A majority of those who attended municipal schools were difficulties because I do not always understand what
studying in Hindi medium (62.50%, 10 of 16; 02 girls and is being taught.
08 boys), two boys attended a Marathi medium school
while four (all boys) attended Urdu medium schools. Please One boy who was studying in a private school added
also see Table 37 in Annexure. I do not understand what is being taught in school
and so I go for tuitions.
Eleven of the children (64.71%, 11 of 17 who attended
schools; 01 girl and 10 boys) stated that they faced Two boys added that the long break (due to work)
problems in the schools. Ten of these attended Hindi caused them problems in school as they found it hard
medium schools (01 girl and 09 boys) while one boy was to restart studying and get used to the routine of the
in a Marathi medium school. None of the children who school. Please note that the children mentioned more
attended Urdu schools mentioned facing problems. Please than one problem and hence the total number of
also see Tables 38 and 39 in Annexure. children will exceed 100%. Please also see Table 40
in Annexure for more details

28
Fig 16 Assistance required for Continuing Education for those who are currently studying

50.00%
45.00%
40.00% Percentage
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Infrastructure

Books

Food

Daycare for Siblings

Financial Help

Good teachers

Tuition Classes

Uniforms
N=15 No of respondent children who stated that they needed help to continue with their education

When asked about the assistance required, more than two fifths of the children (who were currently studying) stated that
they wanted good teachers in schools who would help them learn (46.67%, 7 of 15; 01 girl and 06 boys) while a slightly
smaller number (40.00%, 06 all boys) mentioned that they needed financial assistance. A third (33.33%, 05 all boys)
wanted text books as well as note books while two children each (again all boys) wanted uniforms, food (a mid-day snack)
and tuition classes (to help them study when back at home). One boy added that a day care center for siblings would
enable them to focus on their studies while another wanted better benches in the school. Please note that the children
mentioned more than one problem and hence the total number of children will exceed 100%.

Fig 17 Assistance required for Continuing Education for those who are not studying currently
22.06%

20.59%

20.59%

16.18%

11.76%

8.82%

7.35%

7.35%

4.41%

2.94%

2.94%

2.94%

1.47%

1.47%

1.47%
Not Interested

Needs Assistance

Provide Books

Economic Assistance

Provide Teacher

Provide Tuitions

Did not tell

Need Opportunity

Assistance for

Better job for parent

Initiate classes after

Daycare for siblings

Place to study in peace

Vocational Classes

Initiate an ‘Earn and...

N = 68 Children who were not studying currently

29
 Most of the children (80.00%, 68 of 85; 05 girls and 63 4 Initiate classes after working hours (02 boys)
boys) revealed that they were not currently studying. 5 Start day care centers for siblings (02 boys)
When asked what form of help they would require so that 6 Provide a place where the child can study in peace
they could study, over a fifth (22.06%, 15 of 68; 01 girl and (01 boy)
14 boys) declared that they were no longer interested in 7 Initiate vocational classes (01 boy)
studying. Another fifth each responded that they would be 8 Initiate an “earn and learn” program (01 boy)
interested in studying if provided assistance (20.59%, 14
of 68; 01 girl and 13 boys) and books (20.59%, 14 of 68; 01 For more details, please also refer to Table 42 in
girl and 13 boys). One boy explained Annexure.
I would like to study in a residential school near my
village. I do not want to work. I wish someone would Health status and access to health services
explain things to my parents.
Fig 18 Type of Health Facility available to the
Three more boys added that they would like to learn to respondent Children
maintain accounts and also learn to read and write. One
83.53%
expressed I want to learn to maintain accounts, to read
and write so I can fulfill my dreams.
48.24% 47.06%
Yet another boy opined I wish someone would come to
the factory and teach me. Even one hour a day would 16.47% 16.47%
be enough.

One girl added I am very keen to study and learn. I know

that if I do not get educated, I will not be able to go far in
Primary Community Government Private Private
life and will not be able to fulfill my responsibilities.
Health Health Hospitals Clinic Hospital
Care Care
Eleven boys (16.18%) indicated that they needed economic
assistance while eight (11.76%, all boys) wanted teachers. N=85
Six children (8.82%, 01 girl and 05 boys) felt that tuition When asked about the availability of health services,
classes were essential to enable them to re-start their edu- over four fifths of the children stated that there was
cation. Five children (01 girl and 04 boys) did not provide a municipal hospital in their area (83.54%, 71 of 85)
any details as to the assistance that they would require in while two fifths each added that there was a Com-
order to résumé their education. The other areas of help munity Health Center (48.24%.41 of 85) and a private
as mentioned by the respondent children included clinic (47.06%, 40 of 85) in their area. Only a sixth
1 Creation of opportunities for education (05 boys) each reported that there was a Primary Health Center
2 Assistance for enrollment in school (03 boys) and Private Hospital in their area (16.47%, 14 of 85
3 Help parent get a better job (02 boys) each). Please note that this was a multiple response
question and hence the total percentages will exceed
100%. Please also see Table 43 in Annexure.
Fig 19 Distance of health facility
1 Km or less

100.00% 1-3 Km
80.00%
3-5 Km
60.00%
Don’t Know
40.00%
More than 5 Km
20.00%

0.00%
Primary Community Govt Hospital Private Clinic Private Hospital
Health Health
Care Care N=85

30
Of those who indicated that a health facility was available in their locality, a large majority stated that this facility was
located within 1 km from their residence
• Primary Health Center within 1 Km of residence (85.71%, 12 of 14)
• Community Health Centre within 1 Km of residence (90.24%, 37 of 41)
• Private Clinic within 1 Km of residence (82.50%, 33 of 40)
• Private Hospital within 1 Km of residence (57.14%, 08 of 14)

More than two fifths of the children added that the municipal hospital was located less than 3 km from their residence
(46.48%, 33 of 71). Thus the data reveals that most of the children had access to health facilities in their neighborhood.
Please also see Tables 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 in Annexure for more details.

Fig 20 Percentage of Respondent Children covered under the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana

Yes 5% Four of the children (17.39%) had themselves been ill while
in three cases, the siblings (02 brothers and 01 sister) had
No been unwell. The most common illnesses were related to
25%% the eye (03, 01 respondent child and 02 family members)
and lungs (03, all family members). Two family members
Don’t Know each suffered from heart troubles, TB, stomach pains and
70% diabetes. One respondent child each complained of weak-
ness (01 boy), back pain (01 boy) and burning sensation in
the hand (01 girl). One family member each suffered from
cancer, headaches, body pain and a fracture (hand). The
children reported that all except two had opted for treatment.
N = 85 One child did not want to talk about the treatment or the
illness as he had lost his father due to the illness while
The children were asked if they were covered by the another child stated that no treatment was taken. Of the
Rashtriya Swasthya BimaYojna (RSBY). Around five sev- 20 who had opted for treatment, 17 had gone to municipal
enths responded that they did not know anything about hospitals (13 in Mumbai and 04 in the village) while the
this program (70.59%, 60 of 85) and hence were unable remaining two had approached private hospitals (01 each
to tell whether they were covered by it or not. Close to a in Mumbai and the village). One child stated that the father
quarter of the children (24.71%, 21 of 85) replied in the was taken to a hospital in Mumbai for treatment but was
negative and only four (all boys, 4.71%, 04 of 85) stated unable to specify whether the hospital was a private or a
that they were covered by this program. However, they municipal institute. Sixteen of the twenty did not know how
were unable to provide any details about how they program much the treatment had cost. Two of the children informed
worked and who helped them enroll in this program. that the treatment cost Rs 1500 and Rs 3000 each; in both
Please also see Table 50 in annexure. these cases the families of the children paid the money on
their own as they did not require any financial assistance.
When asked about the health problems faced by the The treatment of one sister in a municipal hospital in Mumbai
respondent children and their family members in the past cost Rs 10000 for which the family received financial
two years, less than two sevenths (27.06%, 23 of 85) indi- assistance from the social worker in the hospital. One
cated that they or their family members had been ill in the child’s father had problems in the lungs and the treatment
past two years. Two fifths (45.88%, 39 of 85) clearly stated cost Rs 80000. This family received financial help from the
that neither they nor their family members had fallen doctors. Please also refer to Tables 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 and
ill in this time frame while the remaining two sevenths 56 below for more details.
(27.06%, 23 of 85) stated that they had not fallen ill and
were unaware of the health of their family members as
they resided in Mumbai with the owners of the units where
they worked. Of those who had faced health issues in the
given time frame, two thirds (69.57%, 16 of 23) stated that
their parents (10 fathers and 06 mothers) had been ill.

31
 CHAPTER 3
Situation Prior To The Rescue

32
This chapter presents data on the life of the child in the workplace prior to the raid and the rescue. It includes information
on the type of work done, the facilities at the work place, salaries and hours worked as well as treatment by employer.
Please refer to Annexure 6 for all the tables related to this chapter.

Occupation prior to rescue

More than a third of the children (35.29%, 28 boys and 02 girls) stated that they were working in a hotel or other eatery
prior to being rescued while less than a fifth (17.65%, 15 boys) were employed in the zari industry. An eighth (12.94%, 11 boys)
were working in leather factories while under a tenth (9.41%, 07 boys and 01 girl) were employed in the pani puri making
industry. Other areas of work included

• Selling items on the streets (06 boys)

• Rag picking (02 boys and 02 girls)
• Making gold ornaments (03 boys)
• Begging (02 boys and 01 girl)
• Metal work and making as well as delivering Tiffin dabbas (02 boys each)

Please also refer to Table 57 in Annexure for more details.

Fig 21 Distribution of Respondent Children across Gender and Occupation prior to the Rescue

50.00%
45.00% Girls No
40.00%
35.00% Boys No
30.00%
25.00% Total %
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Hotel or other eater

Leather Factory

Pani Puri Making

Street vending

Making and Delievering

Ragpicking
Zari Work

Making gold
Ornaments

Metal Work
Begging

N=85

Income and Occupation

Tables 58, 59, 60 and 61 present data on the income earned by the respondents across occupation and gender. As can be
seen from these tables, less than ten percent of the children earned more than Rs. 2000 per month (8.24%, 07 of 85, all
boys). More than two fifths (45.88%, 39 of 85; 03 girls and 36 boys) reported earning between Rs 501- 1000 per month
while around a third (36.47%, 31 of 85; 01 girl and 03 boys) earned between Rs 1001 – 2000 each month. Less than ten per-
cent (9.41%, 08 of 85, 03 girls and 05 boys) stated that they earned a monthly salary of Rs 500 or less. There did not appear
to be any direct relationship between the income and work done (please also refer to Table 50 for details). The following
paragraphs examine the facilities and working conditions of the children across gender and income groups.

33
 Table 62 Occupation and Income of the Respondent Children (All)

Amount earned per month in Rs.

Sr. Type of
No. Below 500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-4000 Total
Employment
No % No % No % No % No %

1 Begging 1 1.18% 2 2.35% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 3 3.53%

2 Hotel & other Eatery 1 1.18% 14 16.47% 14 16.47% 1 1.18% 30 35.29%

3 Leather factory 0 0.00% 5 5.88% 3 3.53% 3 3.53% 11 12.94%

4 Making & Delivering 0 0.00% 2 2.35% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.35%

Tiffin Dabbas

5 Making Gold 0 0.00% 1 1.18% 1 1.18% 1 1.18% 3 3.53%

ornaments

6 Metal Work 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.35% 0 0.00% 2 2.35%

7 Making Puris 0 0.00% 4 4.71% 4 4.71% 0 0.00% 8 9.41%

for PaaniPuris

8 Rag picking 4 4.71% 0 0.00% 1 1.18% 0 0.00% 5 5.88%

9 Street Vending 0 0.00% 5 5.88% 1 1.18% 0 0.00% 6 7.06%

10 Zari Work 2 2.35% 6 7.06% 5 5.88% 2 2.35% 15 17.65%

Grand Total 8 9.41% 39 45.88% 31 36.47% 7 8.24% 85 100.0%

34
Respondent children who earned Rs 500 or less while two boys worked 16 hours (01 each from leather
factories and zari workshops) and one boy worked for 18
Five of those (03 girls and 02 boys) who earned less than hours each day in a zari workshop. More than half of the
Rs 500 a month worked 5- 6 hours while one boy each children (51. 28%, 20 of 39; 01 girl and 19 boys) reported
worked for 14 (hotel), 15 and 16 hours (both in the zari that they worked all seven days of the week and did not
industry) respectively. The children who worked less than have any holidays. These included
six hours were either involved with rag picking (02 girls
and 02 boys) or begging (01 girl). All four of the children • Begging (02 boys)
who were working as rag pickers, the boy working in • Hotels and eateries (09 of 12 boys, the remaining 04
the hotel as well as one of the boys working in the zari boys and 01 girl had a weekly off)
industry stated that they had one day off each week. The • Leather factories (01 of 05 boys)
girl who was involved in begging and one of the boys in • Making and delivering tiffin dabbas (01 of 02 boys)
the zari industry did not have any day off and worked • Making puris for panipuris (01 girl and boy each; two
all seven days in the week.All eight children were given other boys reported having one day off per week)
access to drinking water but none had access to any • Street vending (02 of 05 boys)
educational facilities or health facilities. The children who • Zari workshops (03 boys; the remaining 03 boys had a
worked as rag pickers (02 girls and 02 boys) and beggars weekly off)
(01 girl) were not given any meals by their employers
while the others (01 boy in hotel and 02 in zari industries) All except for four children (all boys) had access to drink-
got two meals a day from their employer. Tea was provided ing water when working. Of the four, two worked as ven-
to three children (01 girl in begging, 01 boy in hotel and dors on the streets while the other two were involved in
01 boy in zari industry) during the working hours; the begging. Five sevenths of the children (71.79%, 28 of 39;
other five (02 girls and 02 boys in rag picking as well as 03 girls and 25 boys) mentioned that they were given tea
01 from zari industry) were not given any tea. Only two of during the working hours while the rest (11 boys) report-
the boys were given clothes, that too once a year. One of ed that they did were not given any tea. The ones who did
these boys worked in a hotel while the other was employed not receive tea included the boys involved in begging (02)
in the zari industry. The children who worked as rag pickers and vending items on the streets (05) as well as one each
and beggars did not get clothing and neither did one of from the following sectors
the boys working in the zari industry. Please see Tables
63, 64, 65, 66 and 67 in Annexure for more details. • Hotels and eateries
• Leather factories
Respondent children who earned Rs 501 – Rs 1000 • Making gold ornaments and
• Zari work
A total of 39 respondent children earned between Rs 501
and Rs 1000. Of these, five worked for less than 6 hours Six boys (02 in begging and 04 in street vending sec-
per day (02 in begging and 03 sold items on the streets tor) added that they were not given any meals by the
and pavements, all boys). More than two thirds of the employer while another six (all boys) stated that they
children reported working between 9 and 13 hours got one meals a day from their employer (one each from
(27 of 39; 69.23%) in the following sectors Hotels, Making and delivering tiffin dabbas, Making puris
for panipuris and Street Vending sectors and 02 working
• Hotels and other eateries (02 girls and 10 boys) in Leather factories). The remaining 24 children (03 girls
• Leather factories (02 boys) and 21 boys) reported being given two meals per day.
• Making and delivering tiffin dabbas (02 boys) Only three respondent children indicated that they underwent
• Making puris for panipuris (01 girl and 03 boys) health checkups at their previous jobs (prior to the res-
• Making gold ornaments (01 boy) cue). All three (01 girl and 02 boys) worked in hotels. The
• Vending items on the streets (02 boys) rest of the children did not undergo any health checkups
• Zari workshops (04 boys) at all.
Seventeen children (01 girl and 16 boys) revealed that
Moreover, four boys worked for 14 hours each day (01 they did not get any clothes from their employers at all.
in hotels, 02 in leather factories, 01 in a zari workshop) The sectors in which they worked are as follows

35
 • Begging (02 boys) • Hotels and eateries (07)
• Hotels and eateries (01 boy) • Leather factories (02)
• Leather factory (01 boy) • Making gold ornaments (01)
• Making and delivering tiffin dabbas (02 boys) • Making puris for panipuris (04)
• Making puris for panipuris (01 girl and 03 boys) • Street vending (01)
• Street vending (04 boys) • Zari workshops (02)
• Zari workshop (01 boy)
Around a third (35.48%, 11 of 31) worked for more than
Fifteen children (all boys) informed that they got clothes 14 hours daily; of these five worked 14 hours (1 girl and
once a year and they worked in the following 04 boys), two boys worked 15 hours and the remaining
four (also boys) worked 16 hours each day. The sectors of
• Hotels and eateries (08 boys) work comprised
• Leather factory (02 boys)
• Making gold ornaments (01 boy) • Hotels and eateries (05)
• Street vending (01 boy) • Leather factories (01)
• Zari workshop (03 boys) • Metal work (01)
• Rag picking (01 girl)
The remaining seven children (02 girls and 05 boys) • Zari workshops (03 boys)
remarked that they were given clothes twice a year.
The sectors in which they worked include Only three boys stated that they worked less than 8 hours
per day; two worked in a hotel for four hours and five
• Hotels and eateries (02 girls and 01 boy) hours each while the third was employed to do metal work
• Leather factory (02 boys) for eight hours per day. Slightly less than five sevenths of
• Zari workshop (02 boys) the children (70.97%, 22 of 31) reported that they worked
six days in a week which meant that they got one day off
Nineteen children (01 girl and 18 boys) had worked in every week. The nine who worked all seven days were all
the place of employment for between 1 and 2 years prior boys and were employed in the following sectors
to their rescue while thirteen (02 girls and 11 boys) had
been employed for less than 1 year. Seven boys stated • Hotels and eateries (07)
that they had been working for more than 2 years when • Metal work (01)
they were rescued. Please also see Tables 68, 69, 70, • Zari workshops (01 boy)
71, 72, 73and 74 in Annexure for more details.
All the children (31) mentioned that they had access to
Respondent children who earned Rs 1001- 2000 drinking water during work hours while close to three
quarters (74.19%, 23 of 31; 01 girl and 22 boys) revealed
A total of 31 children reported earning between Rs 1001 that they got tea during working hours. The eight children
and 2000, of these only one was a girl who was involved (all boys) who did not get tea during working hours
in rag picking. The remaining children (30, all boys) worked in the following
worked in the following sectors
• Hotels and eateries (03)
• Hotels and eateries (14) • Leather factories (01)
• Leather factories (03) • Metal work (01)
• Making gold ornaments (01) • Street vending (1)
• Metal work (02) • Zari workshops (02)
• Making puris for panipuris (04)
• Street vending (01) More than four fifths of the children (80.65%, 25 of 31; 01
• Zari workshops (05) girl and 24 boys) added that they were given two meals
every day. Five boys (02 working in hotels and one each
More than half of the children (54.84%, 17 of 31; all boys) working in workshops where they did made gold orna-
stated that they worked 10 to 12 hours per day. Their area ments, did metal work and made puris for panipuris)
of work included claimed that they did not get any meals at all. One boy

36
who worked in a hotel added that he was given one meal they were given tea when at work, of which three worked
on a daily basis. None of the 31 children had any access in leather factories and one was employed in a zari
to educational facilities. Most of the children (87.01%, 27 workshop. The three children who did not get tea were
of 31; 01 girl and 26 boys) revealed that they were never each working in a hotel, a zari workshop and involved
given a health check-up when they were working. Only in making gold ornaments. Five of the seven reported
four boys mentioned that they underwent health check- getting two meals each day. These children worked in the
ups; of which two were involved in zari work, one in metal following sectors
work and the remaining one was working in a hotel.
Nine children stated that they were never given clothes • Hotels and other eateries (01 boy)
during the period of their employment; of these five were • Leather factories (02 boys)
working in hotels, three in the pani-puri industry while • Zari workshops (02 boys)
one was involved in metal work. Three boys employed
in zari workshops said that they got clothes two times a The child who made gold ornaments did not get any
year while the majority (61.29%, 19 of 31; 01 girl and 18 meals at all while one of the children working in a leather
boys) mentioned that they were given clothes on an factory was given one meal daily. Only one child (making gold
annual basis. ornaments) stated that he was given a health checkup.
Two thirds of the children (67.74%, 21 of 31; 01 girl and 20 All seven children mentioned that they were given
boys) reported that they had been working for between clothes once a year by their employer. Two of the children
1 and 2 years before they were rescued. The sectors that who worked in the zari workshops had worked there for
they worked in included between 1 and 2 years while the remaining five had been
employed in the following sectors for more than 2 years
• Hotels and eateries (11)
• Leather factories (02) • Hotels and other eateries (01 boy)
• Making gold ornaments (01) • Leather factories (03 boys)
• Metal work (01) • Making gold ornaments (01 boy)
• Making puris for panipuris (03)
• Rag picking (01 girl) Please also see Tables 83, 84, 85 and 86 in Annexure
• Zari workshops (01 boy) for more details.

Five boys mentioned that they had worked for less than 1 Comparison of data across the top three work sectors
year (01 each from hotels, metal work industries, panipuri
industries, zari workshops and street vending) while five The data showed that the top three sectors of work both
boys clarified that they had been working for more than prior to the rescue and current are hotels and eateries,
2 years (two each from hotels and zari workshops as well zari workshops and leather factories. Nearly two thirds
as one from a leather factory). of the children (65.88%, 56 of 85) worked in these three
Please also refer to Tables 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81 and sectors prior to being rescued. Of these, only two were
82 in Annexure for more details. girls who were employed in hotels and other eateries;
the remaining 54 were boys.
Respondent children who earned Rs 2001 – Rs 4000
Fig 22 Top three Occupations
Seven children (all boys) earned between Rs 2001 and
Rs 4000. One of them worked 10 hours per day (in a zari 19.64%
workshop) while two others worked for 12 hours every
day (01 in leather factory and 01 making gold orna- 53.57%
26.79%
ments). Three children worked for 14 hours daily (01 in
hotel, 01 in leather factory and 01 in a zari workshop)
and one child put in 18 hours each day toiling in a leather
factory. All seven children reported that they worked
Hotel / other eatery Leather Factory Zari Workshops
six days a week and got a day off every week. All seven
children stated that they had access to drinking water N = 57 number of respondent children working in hotels/
when at work. Four of the seven children informed that other eateries, zari workshops and in leather factories

37
 Figure 22 overleaf shows the distribution of respondent Despite the long hours of work that they put in, around
children across the top three sectors of employment. As two fifths of the children in each of these sectors
can be seen from this figure, around half of the children (46.67%, 14 of 30 in hotels; 45.45%, 5 of 11 in leather
worked in hotels or other eateries (30 of 56) while two factories and 40.00%, 6 of 15 in zari workshops) earned a
eighths (15 of 56) worked in zari factories and less than a meagre monthly salary of Rs 501- 1000. Please see Figure
fifth (11 of 56) were employed in leather factories. Please 25 below for more details on the income and also refer to
see Table 87 in Annexure. Tables 88 and 89 in Annexure.

Fig 23 No. of days worked across top Three Occupations Fig 25 Income across the top Three Occupations

Hotel / other Eatery 50.00%

100.00%
Zari Work 40.00%
80.00%
Leather Factory 30.00%
60.00%
20.00%
40.00%
10.00%
20.00%
0.00%
0.00% Below 501- 1001- 2001-
6 days 7 days 500 1000 2000 4000
Hotel / other Eatery Zari Work Leather Factory
n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15
for those in zari workshops and 11 in leather factories; n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for
N = 57 those in zari workshops and 11 in leather factories; N = 57

The figure above shows that although a majority of chil- From the above figure, it can be observed that the same
dren in the leather (10 of 11) and zari (10 of 15) industries number of children working in hotels and other eater-
had a weekly day off, this was not true of more than half ies each earned Rs 501 - Rs 1000 (46.67%, 14 of 30) and
of those working in hotels (16 of 30). Moreover, nearly Rs 1001 and Rs 2000 (46.67%, 14 of 30). Two fifths of
all children in these three areas worked a minimum of 9 the children in zari workshops earned Rs 501 - Rs 1000
hours per day (54 of 57 children working in these three (40.00%, 06 of 17) while a third earned Rs 1001 and
areas) and two fifths of these (42.59%, 23 of 54) put in a Rs 2000 (33.33%, 05 of 17). Amongst the children who
work day of 14 hours or more. Please see Figure 24 below worked in the leather factories, more than two fifths
(45.45%, 05 of 11) earned Rs 501 and Rs 1000 while
for more details.
about two sevenths each earned Rs 1001- 2000 (27.27%,
Fig 24 No. of hours worked across top Three Occupations 03 of 11). The percentage of children who earned more
than Rs. 2000 was highest in the leather factories
Hotel / other Eatery
70.00% (27.27%, 03 of 11), followed by zari workshops (11.76%, 02
Zari Work of 17). Only one child (3.45%, 01 of 29) working in a hotel
60.00% was paid more than Rs. 2000. Please also refer to Table
Leather Factory
90 in Annexure for more details.
50.00%

40.00% When it came to health, three children each working in

hotels and zari workshops indicated that they had under-
30.00% gone health checkups. Finally, a large majority of these
children (65.45%, 36 of 55) reported getting clothes
20.00% only once a year. All 56 children working in these three
10.00% sectors reported that they had access to drinking water
when at their workplace.
0.00%
Less than 9-13 Hrs More than
6 hrs 14 Hrs
n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for
those in zari workshops and 11 in leather factories; N = 57

38
Fig 26 No. of Meals across the top Three Occupations Figure 27 shows that seven children (03 girls and 04
boys) stated that they were self-employed and did not
have an employer. The children were either involved in
100.00% begging (02 boys and 01 girl) or rag picking (02 girls
and 01 boy). All the three girls and two boys (both in rag
80.00%
picking) earned less than Rs 500 per month while the
60.00% other two boys (involved in begging) earned less than Rs
1000. The four children involved in rag picking (02 girls
40.00% and 02 boys) mentioned that they had a weekly off while
20.00% the three children involved in begging (01 girl and 02
boys) revealed that they worked all seven days. Six of the
0.00% children stated that they worked six hours per day while
No One Two
the seventh (a girl involved in begging) stated that she
Meals Meal Meals
worked all seven days of the week. Since they were self-
Hotel / other Eatery Zari Work Leather Factory employed, none of the children had access to free tea,
meals, clothes or medical check-ups. Despite being self-
employed, none of the six children went to school or had
n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for
access to educational systems. Five of the six children
those in zari workshops and 11 in leather factories; N = 57
(all three girls and both the boys in rag picking) reported
As can be seen from the figure above, all the children carrying drinking water with them when working; the two
working in the leather factory got two meals a day while boys who were involved in begging stated that they could
a majority of those working in hotels/other eateries not carry water and so did not have access to water when
(86.67%, 26 of 30) and zari workshops (72.73%, 08 of 11) at work. Please also refer to Table 92 in Annexure.
mentioned that they were given two meals a day. Five
children (02 working in hotels/other eateries and 03 in Treatment by Employer/Owner
zari workshops) stated that they got only one meal a day.
Two of the children working in hotels/other eateries add- The respondent children were asked to talk about the
ed that they were not given any meals by the owner of treatment meted out to them by their employer/ owner
the hotel and that they had to pay for their food. Please of the workshop or factory where they worked. This ques-
also see Table 91 in Annexure for more details. tion was asked in two different forms (Q 33 and Q 70) to
ensure that the responses got from the children were
reliable. Q 33 was a qualitative one (Table 93) where the
Fig 27 Details of self Employed Children
children could provide details as per their wishes while
Q 70 was a quantitative one (Table 94) in which children
6
were asked to answer Yes or No in response to whether
5 they had been treated badly by their employer. In both,
No. of children

4 more than two fifths of the children (42 of 85, 49.41% in

3 Table 93 and 34 of 85, 40.00% in Table 94) indicate that
2 they had been treated badly by the owners.
When the statements made by the children are examined
1
(Please see Annexure 7 for this), one can see how this
0 difference arises. Some of the children have mentioned
Male
Female
Less than 500
501- 1000

Got weakly off

6 hrs
7 hrs

Got tea
Drinking Water
Less than 1 year

1-2 Years

that their owner is good but hits them when they make
mistakes or yells at them. This indicates confusion in the
minds of the children as to what is ‘good’ or ‘acceptable’
behavior on the part of the owner.

Begging Ragpicking

N = 7 Number of self-employed children

39
 Some statements by the children are given below to I heard one of the other boys who was my age cry out. I
illustrate this saw that one of the adult workers was doing bad things to
him. I was terrified and tried to go back to sleep. But one
My employer was good to me although he hit me or of them came and touched me. I tried to scream but he
screamed at me when I made mistakes Boy working in covered my mouth, took off my clothes and did the same
a zari workshop bad things to me. I was really very scared and was in a lot
of pain as well. But I was helpless and had to sleep with
My employer was good but hit me when I made mistakes the pain that night. The next morning, I told the owner all
Boy working in a zari workshop. this but he told me that nothing had happened. I told him
that I wanted to go home but he refused to let me leave.
My employer was good natured but did not pay me on He swore at me and at the worker who had done all those
time Boy working as a street vendor. things to me. Luckily for me, the factory was raided the
next day and I felt very happy. Boy working in a
My employer was good but used to yell at us Boy working zari workshop.
in a leather factory.
My employer was not good. He would yell for every
My employer was good but he gave me too much work mistake and though we had an off on Sunday, he made us
Girl working in a hotel. work for half the day. Boy working in a leather factory.

My employer was kind and peace loving when sober but A few children also complained that the owners of the
he would scream at us and beat us when he was drunk industrial units where they worked troubled them in the
Boy working in a pani puri making factory. following ways

No matter what figures we take, it is obvious that over • By giving them too much work (01 girl working in a
two fifths of the children claimed to have been treated hotel and 07 boys- 02 in zari workshops, 02 in leather
badly by their employer/owner. They suffered verbal (01 factories, 02 in pani puri making and 01 in hotel)
girl and 24 boys), physical (01 girl and 17 boys) and even • By not paying them on time (04 boys- 02 street
sexual abuse (01 girl and 01 boy) at the hands of the em- vendors, 01 zari workshop and 01 hotel) and
ployer and other adult co-workers. Please see Table 95 in • By not providing them opportunities to fulfill their rights
annexure for more details. (06 boys)
Some of the terrible experiences narrated by the children • Not allowing the child to speak to family members (02
are given below boys- 01 in zari workshop and 01 in pani poori making)
• Not letting the child rest (01 boy in zari workshop)
My employer was a terrible man (harami). He used to hit • Not giving food (01 boy in zari workshop)
us if we mad any mistakes. He would stay with us (two of • Not allowing the child to go out (01 boy in hotel)
us) in the factory in the night and make us watch dirty • Not allowing the child to take a day off (01 boy in
movies and show us dirty pictures. He would do bad leather factory)
things to us and would tell the other adult worker to do
the same. I used to want to run away but not able to do Please also see Table 93, 94 and 95 in Annexure for
because owner is so powerful Girl working in a panipuri more details.
making factory.
Despite the bad treatment meted out by the owners, ten
My employer was a very dangerous man. I was scared of children (01 girl and 09 boys) continued to work with
him. Anytime we made a mistake, he would yell at us and the same owner. The girl was employed to make puris in
even swear Boy working in a zari workshop. the pani puri making industry and faced verbal, physical
and sexual abuse at the hands of the owner and other
My employer was not a good man. He would use bad co-workers. She stays with her parents and continues to
language and swear at us. He would go home but nine of work for the same owner. The units where the boys who
us lived in the workshop itself. We were four children and faced abuse continued to be employed included
five adult workers. One night I woke up suddenly because

40
• Hotels and other eateries (04 boys)
• Leather factory (02 boys)
• Metal work, street vending and making gold ornaments
(01 boy each)

Conclusion

As per Mahatma Gandhi National Rual Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), from 2013 April onwards, adult
unskilled workers in Maharashtra were to be paid a daily wage of Rs 162. The data shows that over four fifths of
all the respondent children (82.35%, 70 of 85) earned between Rs 501 and Rs 2000 per month and worked more
than 10 hours per day (83.53%, 71 of 85). Moreover, nearly two thirds (65.88%, 56 of 85) worked six days a week.
The payment to the children is far less than that made to an unskilled adult worker which is Rs 162 per day in
Maharashtra as per MGNREGA http://www.spipa.gujarat.gov.in/Images/pdf/Amendment-Wage-Rate13.pdf.
This is probably one of the reasons for the high rate of re-employment of the children. The cost benefits appear
to counter the fear of arrest and raids.

Moreover, the facilities provided to the children too are meagre; none of the children had access to education
and only eight (01 girl and 07 boys) underwent a health check-up during the time that they were employed. More
than a third (37.65%, 32 of 85) were never given clothes by the employer and five sevenths (70.59%, 60 of 85)
were given two meals a day. None of the children got three meals per day (breakfast, lunch and dinner) which is
a basic requisite for growing children especially in the adolescent ages which comprised most of the respondent
sample. Additionally, close to a third (31.76%, 27 of 85) explained that they did not get tea during the working
hours. Although a vast majority (91.76%, 78 of 85) had access to drinking water, it is a matter of concern that
seven children reported that they did not have access to drinking water during their working hours. All these
seven children were self –employed- that is they worked as rag pickers, street vendors or were involved in beg-
ging. The data thus shows that the working conditions and hours of work as well as the payment made to the
children prior to the rescue all indicated that the children were being subject to exploitation.

41
 CHAPTER 4
Experience of the Rescue and the
Post rescue Process

42
This chapter details the rescue process as well as the social workers and 49 others (the respondent children
events that followed the rescue. It also presents data on were not sure who these were- police in plain clothes,
the rehabilitation efforts made available to the children social workers or others) were involved in the 85 rescue.
and their current status. The drawings by the children are Please also see Table 96 in Annexure for more details.
also interpreted in this chapter. Please refer to Annexure
8 for all tables related to this chapter. That day, four people came to the factory unexpectedly. A
policeman was with them. Some of the people were from
Rescue process Pratham and they took me and the other children work-
ing with me to the police station. They caught the owner
None of the respondent children were aware that they and took him also Boy working in leather factory.
were being rescued. Most did not know any of the people
who came to rescue them although a few (03) stated that I had finished selling my stuff on the train that afternoon
they knew the bhaiya from Pratham who accompanied and was waiting for another train at Kurla station when
the police. These three children (all boys) mentioned that three or four people in plain clothes came up to me.
they recognized the bhaiya as the person who came from There was a policeman with them. They caught me and
Pratham to teach them at their workplace. The remaining took me to the police station Boy working as a street
children revealed that they did not recognize any of the vendor.
people involved in the rescue process. Around half the
respondent children (50.59%, 43 of 85) stated that the That day, two men came to our factory – I was working
rescue operation involved the police who came to their and did not know them. They came and spoke to me-
place of work, spoke to them (to get the background asked me my name, where I live. Then they asked me
information about the child in terms of their age, name about the owner. After some time, two more men came
and address) and then took the respondent child to the to the factory and a policeman was with them. They took
police station. me and an adult worker to the police station Boy working
in a leather factory.
When I was working, police men came there and took me
and the owner to the police station I was working in the hotel that afternoon. A few people
Boy from zari workshop. came to the hotel. They took me and a few other children
working there to the police station in a bus Girl working
I was working in the factory when policemen came and in a hotel.
spoke to me. They asked me a lot of questions and then
took me to the police station. There they asked me the One child added that he was taken to the police station
name and other information about the owner. After a by a person from an NGO.
while, they brought the owner to the police station I was out begging and social workers from an NGO came
Boy working in a pani poori factory. and took me to the police station
Boy involved in begging.
The police came at 11 in the morning and took me to the
police station along with the owner of the hotel One child’s narration revealed abuse by the police
Girl working in a hotel. constable
I was selling things on the platform at Chembur station
Less than a third of the respondent children (29.41%, 25 when a policeman caught me and took me aside. He
of 85) explained that people in civil clothes came to their asked me how much money I had. I had only Rs 150 with
work place, struck up a conversation with the child and me and told him that. He then told me to give him Rs
then took them to the police station. They were accom- 100 or else he would put me in jail. I told him I could not
panied by police men who came in later or were waiting do so as my employer would beat me if he found out I
in the police van which took them to the police station. had given away the money. The policeman got angry. He
Eight of the respondent children asserted that the people slapped me a few times – I cried a lot but he still took me
who came to their workplace in civil clothes were social to the police station. I was made to sit on the floor. When
workers while seventeen were unsure who these people the inspector came, the policeman who bought me to the
were. The data showed that a total of 43 policemen, 12 station told him that he saw me getting off from a moving

43
 train and seeing me fall he bought me to the police and would give it to the policeman by the next week. The
station. He also said that I was a pick pocket who stole policeman insisted that he wanted the money by even-
when selling things on the train. I was in tears and I ing. My employer convinced him to wait till morning and
protested that I only sold things on the train. I had never that he would give the money by then. The policeman
done pickpocketing. They then sent me to the children’s agreed. He asked the rickshaw driver to stop and asked
home in a police van accompanied by a policewoman. us to leave. We left. My employer told me, “You go home
Now I feel that I should have given the money to the po- now and don’t come to work until I call you back”. So I
liceman and had I done that, I would have been free went home and told me mother the whole story. She said
Boy working as a street vendor. “Don’t worry. We will find something else for you to do.
Don’t go back there.
Seven children also reported that the police asked for Boy working to deliver the tiffin dabbas.
bribes and handed over the children to the owner or
parent when these were paid. These children were not That day I was begging when suddenly three men came
brought to the Child Welfare Committee’s attention at all. up- one of them was a policeman. They spoke to me very
kindly and even gave me something to eat. They told me
I was sitting at a railway station with all my materials to that I should not beg but should go to school and study.
be sold. A policeman caught me and took me to the po- I liked talking to them, it made me feel good. They then
lice station at the railway station itself. He kept me there took me to the police station and left me with the police-
for 1 hour and then let me go after making me give him men. After some time, my mother came and took me
Rs 200 Boy working as a street vendor. home after paying the policemen some money
Girl working as a beggar.
I had gone to deliver the tiffin boxes to the zari fac-
tory. I left the dabbas there and was coming down the One child spoke about his happiness at being rescued as
steps when a policeman and two others entered the zari he would not be subject to sexual abuse post the rescue.
factory. They started taking the children working in the However, his happiness was short lived when the adult
factory out. I stood to a side on the stairs, not understand worker who perpetuated this crime was taken to the
what was happening. Seeing the policeman, I felt scared. police station with him.
Some children lifted the roof (made of patra) and tried
to run away from there. I was totally confused and did I was in a lot of pain as I sat down to eat breakfast that
not know what to do. The men then caught the owner morning and so decided to go to the toilet. As I was
of the factory and beat him- they said that “You are not leaving the toilet to come back, I heard my employer
ashamed of employing children and are encouraging shout, “Run. The police is here.” As I ran down the lane,
them to run away. What if one of them had fallen off a policeman caught me and put me in a van. I was afraid
the roof” The policeman managed to catch three to four but when I saw many other children in the van, my fear
children and caught me as well. I told them, “I don’t work left me and I was glad that I would be spared the horrible
here”. They then asked me details of who my employer things that were done to me at night. Feeling happy, I sat
was and where I worked. They sent a man and a police- quietly when a policeman brought the very man who did
man with me and asked me to go to my factory. When we the bad things to me to the van! The policeman asked
reached there, the owner was also there. The policeman me, “Is this your employer?” I was about to say no when
caught him and took both of us to the police station in a the worker made his eyes large and glared at me. I got
rickshaw. On the way, my employer spoke to the police, “I scared and said, “Yes.” The policeman then pushed the
am sorry. I will never make such a mistake again. Please worker into the van. Once inside, the worker threatened
let us go.” The policeman refused, “It is a big thing. I me. He said that if I even spoke about those things, he
cannot do that.” My employer gave him some money and would kill me Boy working in a zari factory
the policeman refused the money. Then my employer
gave him some more money- the policeman looked at Please note that seven children preferred not to discuss
the money and said, “Only 3000 rupees the punishment the rescue and hence were not pressed to do so.
for this is a penalty of rupees 20000 and three years
in prison. You must give me at least rupees 10000.” My
employer explained that he did not have the money then

44
Fig 28 People involved in the rescue process Fig 29 Mode of transport to Police Station

50 80.00%
Girls
40
70.00%
30 Boys

20 60.00%
Total
10 50.00%
0
40.00%
Begging
Hotel & other Eatery
Leather Factory
Making & Delievering

Making Gold Enviornment

Metal work
Making puris for pani puris

Rag picking
Street vending
Zari work
30.00%

20.00%
10.00%
00.00%

Police van

Bus

Taxi / Auto

Walk
Did not tell Social workers

Not sure / Others Police

At the Police Station

N = 85 Five sevenths of the respondents (71.43%, 37 of 85; 05

girls and 37 boys) revealed that they spent between 2 and
Most of the respondent children (90.59%, 77 of 85) stated 4 hours at the police station while two sevenths (29.41%,
that they were taken to the police station. Seven children 25 of 85; 01 girl and 24 boys) remained at the police sta-
did not want to answer this question while one returned tion for 4 to 6 hours. Eight boys were made to stay at the
home without going to the police station police station for more than six hours while less than a
(see narrative above). Two fifths of the children (43.53%, sixth (15.29%, 13 of 85; 01 girl and 12 boys) were detained
37 of 85) added that the owner was taken to the police at the police station for less than 1 hour. This question
station with them while just under a quarter each added was not applicable to the child who was released to the
that other child workers (23.53%, 20 of 85) and an adult owner on the way to the police station. One boy chose
worker (23.53%, 20 of 85) accompanied them to the not to respond to this question. Two children mentioned
police station. Please also see Table 97 in annexure for that they had been beaten by the police when at the
more details. police station. Please also refer to Table 99 in Annexure
Nearly three fourths of the respondent children stated for details.
that they were taken to the police station in a police
van (74.12%, 63 of 85; 05 of 07 girls and 58 of 78 boys). Less than half the children (48.24%, 41 of 85; 37 boys
Around a tenth (11.76%, 10 of 85; 01 girl and 09 boys) and 04 girls) reported that a policewoman was present
reported travelling by taxis or autos while the six children at the police station when they were detained there
each travelled by bus (01 girl and 05 boys) or walked while around a quarter (23.53%, 20 of 85, 01 girl and
(all 06 boys). Please also see Table 98 in Annexure for 19 boys) stated that there was no policewoman at the
more details. police station during their time there. More than a
quarter (27.06%, 23 of 85; 02 girls and 21 boys) did not
know whether a police woman was present at the police
station and this question was not applicable to one child
who was not taken to the police station at all. A girl who
was involved in rag picking added that the policewoman
spoke (to me) in an angry manner. Please also see Table
100 in Annexure for details.

45
 Fig 30 Facilities available at the Police Station 15 of 83; 01 girl and 14 boys) opined that no toilet facili-
ties were available to them. Two ninths of the respondent
100% children (22.89%, 19 of 83; 01 girl and 18 boys) indicated
90% that they were unaware of the availability of toilet facili-
ties. Most of the respondent children (95.18%, 79 of 83;
80% 07 girls and 72 boys) said that they were not give the
70% freedom to move around the police station and had to sit
in one place. Please also see Tables 101, 102, 103, 104
60% and 105 in Annexure for more details.
50%
When asked where they were made to wait, half the
40% children (50.00%, 42 of 84; 01 girl and 41 boys) replied
that they waited in the same room in which the police
30% were working. Around two sevenths (28.57%, 24 of 84;
20% 05 girls and 19 boys) mentioned that they were asked to
wait in a separate room while the remaining (21.43%, 18
10% of 84; 01 girl and 17 boys) were made to wait in a corridor
0% or passage. Two fifths of the children reported sitting on
benches (40.48%, 34 of 84; 03 girls and 31 boys) while a
Less than 1 hr

2-4 hrs

4-6 hrs

More than 6 hrs

third sat on the floor (34.52%, 29 0f 84; 02 girls and 27

boys). Thirteen children (02 girls and 11 boys) mentioned
sitting on mats on the floor while eight (all boys) stated
that they sat on chairs. When asked whether they were
made to wait in the same room as their employer, half
Food Tea Water of the respondent children (50.00%, 42 of 84; 03 girls
and 39 boys) replied in the affirmative while the rest
Freedom to move around Toilet facilities (50.00%, 42 of 84; 04 girls and 38 boys) informed that
they were not in the same room as their employers.
More than a third of the respondent children (38.55%, 32 Similarly, half the children reported that they were made
of 83; 03 girls and 29 boys) reported that they were given to sit in the same place as other accused (50.00%, 42 of
food during their wait at the police station. Although 84; 01 girl and 41 boys) while the other half stated that
almost two fifths (39.76%, 33 of 83; 01 girl and 32 boys) there were no other accused in the place where they
spent more than four hours at the police station, less were waiting (50.00%, 42 of 84; 06 girls and 36 boys).
than half(48.48%, 16 of 33, all boys) mentioned being Please also see Tables 106, 107, 108 and 109 in
give food and only two (both boys) were given tea. Half of Annexure for more details.
the respondent children who were detained at the police
station for more than six hours (04 of 08, all boys) were Experiences related to the Child Welfare Committee
given food. Fewer respondent children (40.63%, 13 of 37;
03 girls and 10 boys) who had been at the police station Once the proceedings in the police station were completed
for between two and four hours affirmed that they were more than three fourths of the children (77.38%, 65
given food while five of these children (01 girl and 04 of 84; 04 girls and 61 boys) were sent to government
boys) reported getting tea. All the girls (07) and most children’s homes. Thirteen children (03 girls and 10 boys)
of the boys (92.11%, 70 of 76) stated that they had been were handed over to their parents and were not brought
given water at the police station, although two thirds of to the Child Welfare Committee while two children (both
the respondent children (69.88%, 58 of 84) added that boys) were given into the custody of the owner. One boy
they were given water when they asked for it. Around 60 revealed that he just walked out of the police station and
percent of the children (59.04%, 49 of 83; 05 girls and 44 no one stopped him. Three boys spent the night at the
boys) revealed that the police station had toilet facilities police station before being handed over to the parents.
which they were able to use while two elevenths (18.07%, Please also see Table 110 in Annexure for more details.

46
Fig 31 Place to which Respondent children were sent Fig 33 Mode of transport of Respondent children who
from the police station were presented before the CWC

Private bus BEST bus

2% 1%

Sent to children’s
home 77%
Police van
97%

Just left 1% Handed over to owner 2%

Handed over to parents Stayed at police station

16% 4%
All 65 children (04 girls and 61 boys) were sent to
government run Children’s Homes by the CWC. Two fifths
Nearly all the respondent children (92.31%, 60 of 65;
of the children revealed that they were sent to the home
02 girls and 58 boys) stated that they were produced in
at Mankhurd (41.54%, 27 of 65; 02 girls and 25 boys)
front of the Child Welfare Committee (CWC) in less than
while a third was sent to the Dongri home (36.92%, 24
24 hours while the remaining five (02 girls and 03 boys)
of 65; all boys). Around a fifth (21.54%, 14 of 65; 02 girls
responded that they were bought in front of the CWC but
and 12 boys) declared that they did not remember the
after 24 hours. Please note that the nineteen children (16
name of the home to which they were sent. Please also
handed over to the parents, 02 to owners, 01 who left
see Table 114 in Annexure for more details.
and 01 who was never even bought to the police station)
never came into the judicial system and were not pre-
sented before the CWC at all. Please also see Table 111 Fig 34 Details of home to which Respondent children
and 112 in Annexure for more details. who were sent

Fig 32 Respondent children who were presented before

the CWC in less than 24 hours Don’t know
22% Mankhurd
No home 41%
8% Dongri home
37%

Yes 92%

Over 90 percent of the children (96.92%, 63 of 65; 04

girls and 59 boys) confirmed that they were taken to
meet the CWC members by police van while one boy each
added that they traveled by BEST bus and private bus.
Please also see Table 113 in Annexure for more details.

47
 Interactions with the CWC Perceptions regarding the Children’s Home

More than two thirds of the children (68.23%, 45 of 65; Two fifths of the children (40.00%, 26 of 65, all boys)
04 girls and 41 boys) confirmed that they met the mem- spent between one and six months at the Children’s home
bers of the CWC only once while three elevenths (27.69%, while a quarter (24.62%, 16 of 65, all boys) spent between
18 of 65, all boys) stated that they had been presented 7 months and 1 year there. Fifteen percent of the children
before the CWC two times. Two boys added that they met (15.38%, 10 of 65; 01 girl and 09 boys) spent less than
the CWC members more than three times. More than a month at the home while two girls and one boy spent
two fifths of the respondent children (46.15%, 30 of 65; only one day there. Five boys spent a week at the home
01 girl and 29 boys) claimed to have spoken to the CWC while three others (all boys) spent between 1 and 2 years
members once while a third declared (35.38%, 23 of 65; there. One boy added that he had stayed at the home for
03 girls and 20 boys) that they had never spoken to any more than 2 years. Please also see Table 118 below for
of the members of the CWC. Eleven boys revealed that more details.
they spoke to the CWC members twice while one boy
added that he spoke to them each time he was brought Fig 35 Time spent at the Children’s Home
in front of them. The respondent children did not appear
More than
to rate their interactions with the CWC highly. More than 2 years 1%
three sevenths of the respondents (44.62%, 29 of 65; 02
r s 1 day
girls and 27 boys) stated that they were not happy with 1-2 y 1 week
their interactions with the members of the CWC. 7 months-1 year
25% Less than 1
month
The members of the CWC did not talk properly. No one 15%
spoke to me and I was not given an opportunity to speak
Boy from leather factory. 1-6 months
40%

The people at the children’s court were not nice. I was

scared of them. Boy working in a hotel

The environment at the children’s court was not good.

Seeing all the people, I got scared. Girl involved in rag
picking Fig 36 Perception on facilities available at the
Children’s Homes
A third (35.38%, 23 of 65; 02 girls and 21 boys) had posi-
tive memories of their interactions with the CWC. Some of Not good/ not clean
their statements are included below 70.77% 73.85%
80%
The people at the children’s court were very nice. They
60% 55.38%
spoke to me in an affectionate and kind manner. They
38.46%
asked me what work I did and gave me every opportunity 40%
to speak. Boy working in a hotel. 20%
0%
The people at the court were friendly. They spoke kindly
food

clothes

undergarments

matresses

to me and listened to my story. They also advised me.

Boy working in a pani puri making unit.
Please refer to Tables 115, 116 and 117 in Annexure for
more details.

N = 65, children who were bought before the CWC

48
The children’s perception regarding the Children’s Homes was not positive. Five sevenths of the children (70.77%,
46 of 65; 03 girls and 43 boys) stated that the food was not good while a slightly larger number (73.85%, 48 of 65,
04 girls and 44 boys) opined that the clothes given to them at the home were unclean. Just under half the children
(49.23%, 32 of 65; 02 girls and 30 boys) did not receive undergarment from the Children’s Homes. Of those who
received the undergarments, three quarters (75.76%, 25 of 33; 02 girls and 23 boys) declared that these were unclean.
Two sevenths of the children (27.69%, 18 of 65; 01 girl and 17 boys) revealed that they were not given any mattresses.
However, three fourths of those who received mattresses (76.60%, 36 of 47; 03 girls and 33 boys) opined that these
were unclean. Overall four fifths 81.92%; 213 of 260) child respondents had a negative opinion regarding the food,
clothes, undergarments and mattresses provided at the Children’s Homes. Please see Tables 119, 120, 121 and 122 in
Annexure for more details.

More than half the respondents (56.92%, 37 of 65; 04 girls and 33 boys) claimed that they disliked the recreational
activities conducted at the Children’s Homes while almost two thirds (64.62%, 42 of 65; 04 girls and 38 boys) did not
like the educational activities conducted at the Homes. Thus, it can be inferred that more than half (60.77%, 79 of
130) child respondents held a negative opinion of the educational and recreational activities offered at the Children’s
Homes. Finally, around two thirds of the children (64.62%, 42 of 65; 03 girls and 39 boys) opined that the Homes were
unclean. Please also refer to Tables 123, 124 and 125 in Annexure for more details.

Fig 37 Perception on Recreational and Educational activities at Children’s Home

70.00%
60.00%
Recreational Activities
50.00%
40.00%
Educational Activities
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Liked Did not Did not Do not
like attend know

Fig 38 Perception on overall condition at Children’s Home

No response 5%

Clean 31%

Unclean 64%

49
 Close to two thirds of the respondent children (63.08%, Four boys opined that the interactions were alright while
41 of 65; 02 girls and 39 boys) informed that the social two added that the doctors got angry (01) and yelled at
worker took their statement while a third (35.38%, 23 of him (01). One boy confessed that his interaction was not
65; 02 girls and 21 boys) added that the probation officer positive at all
was the person who took their statement. One boy stated The doctor was reluctant to touch me. He covered his
that his statement was taken by the police. However, nose with a handkerchief.
when it came to discussing their feelings, only a third
(33.85%, 22 boys) affirmed that they spoke to someone Please also refer to Table 127, 128, 129 and 130 in
about their feelings. It appeared that none of the girls Annexure for details.
discussed their feeling with anyone. Most of the boys
(86.36%, 19 of 22 boys) revealed that they spoke to the The data from the respondent children revealed that
social worker while two boys discussed their feeling with a third of the children (32.31%, 21 of 65; 02girls and19
the superintendent. One boy stated that he discussed his boys) had been given into the custody of their father who
feelings with the probation officer. Additionally, two boys was accompanied by the owner. A sixth had been handed
each mentioned that they discussed their feelings with over to fathers accompanied by their mothers (16.92%,
the cook and the watchman. When it came to the doctors 11 of 65, all boys). Six children each were collected by the
and nurses, once again none of the girls mentioned in- father accompanied by a relative (9.23%, all boys) and
teracting with them. 15 boys (23.08%, of 65) clarified that the mother unaccompanied by anyone (9.23%, 01 girl
they interacted with the doctors. Three of the boys were and 05 boys). In the case of five children each, the
happy with the interaction and declared that the doctor owners accompanied both parents (7.69%, 05 all boys)
had been kind in dealing with them. and the mother (7.69%, 01 girl and 04 boys). The data
further revealed that the father was given custody in
One added: 48 cases (73.85%), the owner was present for 35 cases
The doctor spoke to me nicely. He asked me about my (55.38%) and the mother for 25 cases (38.46%). Please
home and family and also why I work. He explained also refer to Tables 131 and 132 in Annexure for
things to me in an affectionate manner and checked my more details.
health too.

Fig 39 Person who took custody of Respondent Child

Mother with Owner Owner with

Mother with Villager 1% Alone 2% relative 2% Relative Alone2% Father Alone2%
Relative 3%
Mother with
Owner 8% Father with
Mother 17%
Mother alone
9%
Father with
Mother and Owner 8%
Father with owner
32%
Father with
Relative 9%
Father with
Relative and
Owner 3% Father with
Villager 1%

50
Fig 40 Person who took custody of Respondent Child travelling back to his native place. The amount of money
column graph received ranged from Rs 3000 to Rs 16000. Two boys
each stated that they had been given Rs 3000 and Rs 6000
80.00% respectively while three boys declared that an amount of
Rs 5000 had been given to them. One boy added that he
70.00%
had received Rs 16000. The sole girls and eleven remain-
60.00% ing boys opined that they were not aware of the amount
50.00% of money given. When asked who had taken the NSC,
seven boys each clarified that the NSC was with their
40.00% father and mother. One girl added that her employer had
30.00% taken the NSC. The remaining six children did not know
who had taken the NSC. Please also refer to Tables 134,
20.00%
135 and 136 in Annexure for more details.
10.00%
Fig 42 Rehabilitation efforts made available to the
0.00%
Respondent Children
Father

Mother

Owner

Relative

Villager

100.00% 90.77% 92.31%

80.00%
Most of the children reported that they went home,
either to their house in Mumbai (40.00%, 26 of 65; 04 60.00%
girls and 22 boys) or in the village (26.15%, 17 of 65, all
40.00%
boys). Close to a third (29.23%, 19 of 65, all boys) stated
that they went directly to their workplace while three 20.00% 9.23% 7.69%
boys mentioned that they went to the house of a
0.00%
relative in Mumbai. Please also see Table 133 in Yes No
Annexure for more details.
School Admission Employment for parent

Fig 41 Place to which the Respondent Child was sent

The data showed that extremely few children received
after being released by the CWC
assistance for admission in schools (9.23%, 06 of 65; 02
girls and 04 boys) and even fewer parents were offered
jobs (7.69%, 05 of 65 , all boys). NGOs played a large role
in providing this assistance with four children stating
Workplace
Home in that NGOs assisted them in school admission (01 girl and
29%
Mumbai 40% 03 boys) and all five boys declaring that jobs that were
offered to their parents were through the offices of the
NGOs. Two children (01 girl and 01 boy) added that they
Home in
were assisted by a local school teacher in getting admis-
Village 26%
sion to the school. The data thus indicates the efforts to
rehabilitate rescued children are skeletal and need to be
developed if child labour is to be truly abolished. Please
Relative’s home
also refer to Tables 137, 138, 139 and 140 in Annexure
in Mumbai 5% for more details.

Only a third of the respondent children (32.31%, 21 of 65;

01 girl and 20 boys) affirmed that they/their parents
received monetary help when they left the Children’s
home. All of them had received National Savings Certificate
(NSC) and one had additionally been given money for

51
 Current Status of children Fig 44 Number of Respondent Children working in
same industry
A quarter (25.88%, 22 of 85; 02 girls and 20 boys) of
the children stated that they currently worked for the Not Working
same owner who had employed them prior to the res- 5%
cue while three fifths (61.18%, 52 of 85; 02 girls and 50
boys) claimed to have changed employers. Nearly three No
fourths of the children (72.94%, 62 of 85; 06 girls and 56 22%
boys) indicated that they continued to work in the same
industry while two ninths (22.35%, 19 of 85; 02 girl and 18
boys) affirmed that they had changed the area of work.
Four boys were currently not working. Please also see Yes
Tables 141 and 142 in Annexure for more details. 73%

Fig 43 Number of Respondent Children working for

Same Owner

NAP (self-employed)
8% A comparison of the type of work done by the children
prior to rescue and now reveals that fewer children now
Yes
work in hotels and zari factories than before. However,
26%
the number of children working in leather factories has
gone up as has the number of children who are now
involved in rag picking and metal work. Please also see
No Table 125 below for more details.
61%

52
Table 143 Comparison of Type of Work Prior to Rescue and Current

Sr. No. Type of Work Before Rescue Current

1 Hotel/ other eatery 30 19

2 Zari work 15 14
3 Leather factory 11 14
4 Panipuri making 8 7
5 Street vending 6 10
6 Rag picking 5 6
7 Making gold ornaments 3 2
8 Begging 3 3
9 Metal work 2 4
10 Making and delivering 2 2
Tiffin dabbas
11 Not working 0 4
Grand Total 85 85
N=85

Drawing analysis and wrote that he works and studies), 27 are working while
three are at home (neither working nor studying). There is
Drawings were collected from 46 children. Four of the an apparent variance in the findings from the two data
drawings were incomplete and one child had depicted sets with one (survey) showing that close to 20 percent
a boy working in dabha with the sun rising in the back- combined working with studies while the drawings show
ground. There was not much scope to analyse these four that only one child (2.44%) did the same. Moreover, the
drawings. The rest of the drawings (41) were examined to quantitative data (survey) points only one child (1.18%)
identify emerging trends and patterns. was studying and not working while the qualitative data
(drawings) show that eight (19.51%) were studying and
The 41 drawings were clearly divided into three sections not working. The drawings were interpreted based on
and many of the children had labeled the sections as 1, themes that emerged from the pictures made by the
2 and 3. In all 41 drawings, section 1 depicted the work children. The nine children had drawn schools in Section
done by the child prior to the rescue while the images in 3 and only one had added a line explaining that he was
section 3 in 39 cases depicted the current status of the studying while working. This implies that the rest were
child (working, studying, both or at home). Two children studying and not working. It could be that the eight
depicted a children’s home in section 3. The images in children did not have the time to add a line explaining
section 2 were varied and depicted a police station (25), that they were working and studying; alternatively the
children’s home (12) or school (3) implying that this drawings could indicate their wishes and dreams which
section was related to the raid/rescue and post rescue are related to education. Please note that since drawings
procedures. One child drew a boy begging on the road in involve the imagination, there may be discrepancies
section 2. As per the drawings, eight children are currently between the results of these and the results of the survey.
studying, one is studying while working (drew a school Please see Table 144 in Annexure for more details.

53
 Fig 45 Details of images drawn by Respondent Children
in the sections

60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Work

Police Station

Children’s Hpme

School

Home

The children had provided details of their work through

their drawings. Two children depicted children’s homes in
Section 3. However, none of the children who participated
in the drawing analysis were currently in the children’s
homes, hence these have been ignored. The sectors
of work depicted in the drawings included hotels and
other eateries, begging, rag picking, vending, domestic
work, physical work (lifting heavy loads), zari workshops,
bangle making, carpentry and making ornaments. As
mentioned previously, the number of working children
appeared to decrease from 41 to 27 since 12 children had
drawn schools in Section 3 and 02 children had depicted
Children’s Homes in Section 3. The drawings of 13 chil-
dren indicated that they continued to work in the same
industry, which are as follows

• Seven children continued to work in Hotels and other

eateries, of which five worked for the same employer as
previously (i.e. before the raids and rescue)
• Three children continued in the Domestic work sector
• One child each continued to Beg and be involved in
Physical Labour (lifting weights)

The drawing of the remaining 14 children showed a

different work sector in Section 3. Please refer to Table
145 for more details.

54
Table 145 Comparison of Employment Areas as portrayed in the Drawings Before and After the Rescue

Sr. Employment Before After Remarks

No. Sectors Countinued to work Countinued in the Moved into Came from
in the same trade for same trade for different another
same owner different owner trade trade

1. Tea stalls, hotels 19 10 05 02 Vendor (05) 3

and other eateries Bangle making (01)
Lifting loads (02)
School (02)
Begging (01)
Staying at home (01)

2. Rag picking 3 0 0 0 Vendor (01)

School (02)

3. Boot polish 1 0 0 0 Vendor (01)

4. Vendors 2 8 0 0 Hotel (01) 8

Staying at home (01)

5. Begging 1 2 1 0 0 1

6. Bangle factory 3 1 0 0 School (02) 1

Staying at home (01)

7. Zari workshop 1 0 0 0 Vendor (01) 0

8. Carpentry 1 0 0 0 Hotel (01) 0

9. Physical labour 2 3 1 0 School (01) 2

lifting heavy items

10. Domestic work 5 3 3 0 Hotel (01)

School (01) 0

11. Making ornaments 1 0 0 0 School (01) 0

12. At home 0 3 0 0 Home (03) 0

13. Going to school 0 8 0 0 School (08) 0

14. Working and school 0 1 Lifted loads before the raid and rescue, did not depict
current employment

Total 39 39

N = 39 two children who depicted Children’s home in last (third) section have not been included.

55
 Perceptions of police and Children’s Homes based on the drawings

14 children (12 in section 2 and 02 in section 3) had drawn a picture of the children’s homes. 8 of these showed buildings.
One of the buildings (in section 3) was a bungalow type house, five of the buildings had grilled and barred windows indicat-
ing loss of freedom while the other two had window without bars or grills. It was not clear whether these windows were
open or closed. The remaining six children depicted figures. One showed members of the CWC who were smiling while one
each depicted happy and sad children. One child (section 3) drew a boy sweeping and added that we were made to sweep
and mop the rooms at the Children’s Home. Two children had drawn a teacher teaching alphabets on a board with children
learning, thus indicating that educational activities were conducted at the Children’s homes. Thus it appeared that seven
children had a negative perception of the children’s home (05 barred and grilled windows, 01 made to work and 01 sad face)
which is half of those who portrayed the children’s home in their drawings. This is similar to the findings from the survey
where 40 percent had a negative perception of the CWC and more than two thirds had a negative opinion of the Children’s
Home and its facilities.

25 children had drawn something related to the police in Section 2 of their drawings. Three had drawn police vans illustrat-
ing the manner in which they had been brought to the police station. Two had shown the policemen talking to the owners
and one had penciled in that I was sent back with the employer after a while. Two had depicted policemen holding guns
while two had shown a policewoman as being present in the police station. Only two drawings showed police stations with
sad faced children while in two drawings it was not possible to discern the expression on the faces of the children. Twelve
drawings showed children with smiling faces in the police station. Thus it can be inferred that close to half the children were
happy to be rescued by the police and their smiling faces indicated their hopes for the future.

Other remarks on the drawings

Most of the drawings were stark and done in pencils. The children had been offered sketch pens and crayons but only four
made use of different colours while one child used two colours (blue and black) and three used black sketch pens along
with pencil.

56
Conclusion

Most children revealed that the rescue operation was confusing and they were scared.

A few who were abused were happy to be rescued but the happiness disappeared when they realized that they
were accompanied to the police station by their employer or other adult co-workers. Moreover, the owners and
adult co-workers had ample opportunities when being taken to the police station and at the police station itself to
convince the child respondents to keep quiet and not speak up. A few children had been so influenced by the
owners /adult co-workers that they were more afraid of the policemen than their employer.

It was shocking to discover that close to a quarter of the children were never presented before the CWC. The
perceptions of respondent children with regard to the CWC members were not positive. Considering that the CWC
members are meant to be child friendly and focused on the best interests of the child, this was surprising. It
indicates that even CWC members may need to learn to interact with children. The facilities offered at the
Children’s Homes were not good as was indicated by the children’s negative opinions of these. There were no
systems set up to help reintegrate or rehabilitate the children once they were released from the Children’s Homes.
Thus the data clearly points out that much needs to be done post the rescue to ensure that children do not
re-enter the labour force.

57
 CHAPTER 5
Analysis of Data from
Other Sources

58
This chapter presents all the results of the data that Data from the community members
was collected from sources other than the children. This Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected from
includes both primary and secondary data. Primary data the members of the four communities located in Antop
was collected in two ways Hill, Byculla, Chembur and Dharavi. A checklist was used
to collect quantitative data while qualitative data was col-
•Focus group discussions with members of four commu- lected through Focus Group Discussions.
nities where workshops which were raided were located.
Quantitative data related to the workshop located in the Quantitative data
community was also collected from the respondents. The quantitative data collected from the community lead-
ers revealed that seven different categories of industries
•Unstructured interviews with four owners of units where plied their trade in these four communities. Hotels (and
the raids were conducted. Quantitative data related to other eateries) as well as shops were found in all four
the workshop was also collected from the owners. communities while leather factories were present in all
Secondary data refers to the First Information Reports excluding the one from Antop Hill. Please see Table 146
(FIRs) collected from the police stations and quantitative below for more details on the type of industries found in
data collected from the Labour Courts. Please refer to these four communities.
Annexure 10 for all tables related to this chapter.

Table 146 Details of Industries in the Four Communities

Hotels and Leather Making Making and

Sr. No. Communities Zari Work delivering Metal work
other factories puris for Shop
eateries panipuri tiffin
industry dabbas

1 Antop Hill Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes

2 Byculla No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
3 Chembur No Yes Yes No No No Yes
4 Dharavi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

Many of the industries in all four communities were located in rented premises. Making the landlord an accessory
to child labour could be one way to reduce the spread of child labour. Only a few industries across three communi-
ties (Byculla, Chembur and Dharavi) were licensed to carry out their work while none of the industries located in the
Antop Hill community had licenses. This implies that most were illegal businesses and that the system was conniving
with them to help them exist. Many of the industries in all four communities were semi-pucca building. Such build-
ings could to be deterrent to the safety of the children working here. Please also see Table 147 in Annexure for more
details.

Children continued to be employed in all four communities, although not in a majority of the industries. The respondents
from Byculla added that children in their community were employed in bag making units in their community. Please
also see Table 148 below for more details.

59
 Table 148 Employment patterns across the Industries in the Four Communities

Sr. No. Communities Mostly Adults Mostly Children Both

1 Antop Hill 200 to 500 60 -100 50 - 60

2 Byculla 200 Few, not sure of nos 30
3 Chembur 150 – 200 90 – 100 50
4 Dharavi 1000 -1500 20 -25 60

Qualitative data unions! They cannot raise their voices and demand their
rights. They are forced to work as they are helpless. For
A total of 29 people from across four communities par- example, a child can lift weights of upto 50kgs while an
ticipated in this study. The geographic areas where these adult man will not lift anything heavier than 40 kgs. So it
communities are located included is obvious that an owner will employ the child and not the
adult since the child can do more work. Child labour has
• Antop Hill (07 respondents) become a business and children are now the victims of
• Byculla (08 respondents) this business. Respondents from a community
• Chembur (08 respondents) in Chembur
•Dharavi (06 respondents)
Employers take full advantage of child labour, they get
All respondents understood that child labour is bad for children to work for 12-15 hours and pay them a monthly
children and that child labourers are deprived of the joys salary of just Rs 1200-1500. Thus children are forced to
of childhood. work at the age that they should be playing and enjoying
themselves. Respondents from a community in Dharavi
They explained that children are employed because they
can be made to work for longer hours but be paid lesser Other reasons that cause children to work as enumerated
than adults. by the respondents include

The reasons for child labour include family circumstances, • To keep the child from getting into bad company
scarcity of money and sometimes children’s disinterest in Children who work are usually from the lower and middle
studying. Respondents from a community in Antop Hill economic strata. Making a child work from childhood
helps to keep him from getting into bad company in
“Children are employed because, first of all, children are his youth. Respondents from a community in Chembur
paid less and one can make them work for longer hours
than adults. It is necessary to change the mindset of the • Poverty
owners so that they stop employing children. Children are • Absence of employment opportunities for parents and
forced to work due to difficult circumstances at home. children in native places
Middlemen see this and usually target those children • Lack of parental support and guidance (either orphans
whose parents are in debt by saying that send you child or alcoholic parents)
to work and your debt will be considered as paid”. • Ignorance
Respondents from a community in Byculla • Illiteracy
• Increasing population
Children are employed as they have the capacity to work Child labour has increased due to the increasing
for longer hours than adults without taking a break. population. The family planning program which had the
Also no matter what happens, children cannot form any tag line “Hum do hamare do” should be revived.

60
Respondents from a community in Antop Hill

• Rising costs and inflation which forces parents to send their children to work
Since things are so expensive, the poor do not have sufficient money to educate their children. In such a scenario,
what else can they do but send their children to work?
Respondents from a community in Chembur

The respondents from two communities (Dharavi and Byculla) mentioned that children migrate from other states in
search for work.
90 percent of the children migrate to Mumbai from other states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Less than
10 percent of the children are natives of Maharashtra- most of these hail from Mumbai itself while smaller numbers
come from other parts of the state. Respondents from a community in Dharavi

Children who come for work usually come from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and other such states. Many of the children who
come to Mumbai undergo many difficulties before even reaching Mumbai and then are forced to work here. There are
also children who come to Mumbai to work to fulfill their wants and needs. Many children come to Mumbai because
they can get all facilities at one place such as food, clothing and even shelter by working here.
Respondents from a community in Byculla

All the groups felt that landlords should be held responsible if their tenements were used for workshops/factories
which employed child labour. Respondents from two groups (located in Byculla and Chembur) added that landlords
should be punished. Respondents from two communities (located Byculla and Antop Hill) also spoke about the impor-
tance of creating awareness regarding the laws.
Landlords should be aware of what is happening in their tenements. They should keep a watch to find out if child
labour is used in the factory units that run in their tenements.
Respondents from a community in Dharavi

When we give our tenement on rent, we should be aware of the laws that relate to renting. Most people do not know
about the laws, they do not know that a residential place cannot be rented out as a factory unit or workshop. They
need to be made aware of these. Landlords should also be punished; those who give their rooms on rent should en-
sure that the owners of the factory units do not employ children.
Respondents from a community in Byculla

We know that a workshop or an economic unit cannot be located in a residential tenement. We feel that the landlords
should also be eligible for punishments as they should keep a track of what is happening once their tenements are
rented out and put a stop to the employment of children.
Respondents from a community in Chembur

We do not know much about the laws related to renting out rooms. It is necessary that everyone knows these laws.
You should work to create awareness on these laws and the responsibilities of the landlords and also to change the
mindset of the people so that they do not employ children. Landlords should not give their rooms to those who
employ children.
Respondents from a community in Antop Hill

The respondents from all four communities declared that the middle men who bring the children to cities like Mumbai
for work should also be punished.
The middlemen should also be punished. Everyone knows that it is illegal to make children work so those who bring
children to work should definitely be punished.
Respondents from a community in Antop Hill

61
 Suggestions to reduce child labour Suggestions for the Police

The respondents provided many suggestions which ac- The respondents opined that police should have a sepa-
cording to them would help reduce child labour. These rate department that would focus on inspecting factory
have been categorized as below units and ensuring that they do not employ child labour.
Moreover, the police should be aware of the number
Suggestions for the State Government of workshops in their beat and also of the employment
patterns therein. They added that police should work on
The respondents stated that the state government should improving their relationship with the people.
work towards improving access to schools so that all “Respondents from a community in Dharavi”
children have schools in close proximity to their homes.
These schools should have vocational education which If child labour is to stop, police have to be more vigilant
will help the children get employment on completion of and work in a more effective manner.
their schooling. Moreover, the state government should Respondents from a community in Byculla
ensure that all amenities are available to children within
the state itself so that the child can learn and work in Police should make effort to improve and strengthen
his/her native state itself. The respondents also felt that their relationship with the common man so that they (the
it was essential to ensure that law and order was main- police) can truly serve the people.
tained in the state and that if this was done, the child Respondents from a community in Antop Hill
labour rate would decrease.
Policy related Suggestions
“Children should have access to schools where they get
education and also get vocational education so that they Every workshop/factory/Industrial ancillary unit should
can get jobs later. The state government should take on have a letter from the police stating that they are free
the responsibility of ensuring that children can avail of of child labour. Licensing procedures should be more
education along with vocational education in their state detailed and these should be periodically checked. In the
itself- some schemes that help children earn when they cities, there are many tiny workshops which are located in
learn would also be useful. If these steps are taken, we huts and other temporary dwellings that do not have any
can stop children from coming to Mumbai for work. license.
Development of rural areas is also essential to Respondents from a community in Dharavi
stop migration”.
Respondents from a community in Dharavi

It is the responsibility of every state government to en-

sure that all amenities are available to children within the
state itself so that the child can learn and work in his/her
native state itself.
Respondents from a community in Byculla

The state government should take on the responsibility

of ensuring law and order in their state. This will help
reduce child labour.
Respondents from a community in Antop Hill

62
Suggestions for NGOs Data from Employeers

The respondents felt that NGOs could play an important Four employers participated in the unstructured
role in reducing child labour. They could create aware- interviews. Their details are as follows
ness regarding the schemes provided by the government
for them as well as the laws related to child labour. Some 1 Hotel owner from Dharavi
added that NGOs should provide educational scholarships 2 Zari factory owner from Antop Hill
and subsidies to children which would make it easier for 3 Zari factory owner from Chembur and
them to study. 4 Leather factory owner from Byculla.

NGOs should create awareness regarding the various Quantitative data from the Employers
schemes available to poor people so that they can benefit
from these and not force their children to work. Only one employer (hotel) owned the premises where the
Respondents from a community in Dharavi economic activity was conducted. The other three (02 zari
workshop and 01 leather factory) stated that they rented
Children should get scholarships and financial assistance the premises. The hotel was a pucca structure while the
so that they can study. But most children do not get other three (02 zari workshop and 01 leather factory)
these. Studying in big and good schools is very were semi pucca structures. None employed children
expensive. Children should be given funding to pursue currently. Only the hotel had a license; the rest did not
higher education. In today’s world, every child should have any licenses. The number of adults employed had
have the opportunity to study. NGOs can provide increased in both the zari workshops and the leather
subsidies and assistance to children and enable them to factory to compensate for the non-employment of
study without any difficulty. children. Please also refer to Table 149 for details.
Respondents from a community in Chembur

NGOs should work towards creating awareness amongst

the people regarding the laws and rules that relate to or
concern them.
Respondents from a community in Antop Hill

Suggestions for the Communities

The respondents felt that creating community groups to

monitor and track child labour in their areas would help
being down the number of working children.
Each community should form a committee with about
5-10 members who would take on the responsibility of
ensuring that no child works in any of the workshops in
their community.
Respondents from a community in Byculla

Creating community groups who can help keep a track of

child labour in their community and helping rescue the
child could definitely reduce child labour.
Respondents from a community in Antop Hill

63
 Table 149 Details of the Units of the Owner Respondents

Adult Adult Children Children

Type of Status of Type of
Sr. No. employed employed employed employed
Industry Workshop Workshop
now previously now previously

1 Hotel Owned Pucca 2 2 0 3

2 Zari workshop Rented semi pucca 4 2 0 6
3 Zari workshop Rented semi pucca 5 3 0 5
4 Leather factory Rented semi pucca 8 3 0 4

The payment of all adult workers was increased marginally since after the raids as can be seen in Table 150 below.
The profit margins had decreased in the two zari workshops, remain the same in the hotel and had increased in the
leather factory. Please see Table 150 below for more details.

Table 150 Comparison of Payment made to Adult workers and Profit margin

Type of Payment Payment Profit Profit

Sr. No.
Industry adult now adult prior Now previously

1 Hotel 7000 5000 - 6000 12000 12000

2 Zari workshop 6000 5000 6000 – 8000 10000 – 11000
3 Zari workshop 7500 6000 7000- 9000 15000- 16000
4 Leather factory 6500 5000 25000- 30000 10000-12000

The data showed that all four provided their employees with tea and drinking water. The hotel owner was the only
one who provided his workers three meals a day; the other three (02 zari workshops and 01 leather factory) provided
only two meals a day. Three owners gave the employees a weekly half day off while the hotel workers worked all
seven days. Clothes were provided by all employers except for the hotel owner while all provided a TV for recreation.
Educational facilities and health facilities were also provided by all except the hotel owner. Please also see Table 151
for more details.

64
Table 151 Facilities provided by the Owners

Break Tea Water to Weekly Education Health No. of Clothes Recrea-

Type of
Sr. No. at every drink off checkup meals tional
Industry
three
hours

1 Hotel No Yes Yes No No No 3 No Yes

2 Zari workshop No Yes Yes yes but Yes No 2 Yes Yes
half day
3 Zari workshop No Yes Yes yes but Yes Yes 2 Yes Yes
half day
4 Leather factory No Yes Yes yes but No No 2 Yes Yes
half day

Qualitative data from the Employers distinction in the law. All four owners affirmed that they
no longer employ children as their experiences of being
All four employers were arrested during the raids arrested and having to be present at the courts for the
conducted at their workplace and all of them reported hearings have convinced them that the repercussions of
that their case was still pending in the criminal court. All employing children far outweigh the benefits.
four insisted that they had employed children between
the ages of 14 and 16 when they were raided and hence An abridged narrative of one owner is included in the
the labour court had dismissed the cases against them. following paragraphs. Please refer to Annexure for the
As proof of this, they showed the data collector copies detailed narratives of all owners. Only one of the
of the letter from the Labour Court. As per the Child narratives has been translated into English so that it
Labour Law, only children below the age of fourteen are could be included in the text of the document. However,
prohibited from working. Since the children were over the flavor and the essence of the narratives do not come
14 years of age, the labour court dismissed the cases. out well in the translation. Hence the other three
However, the criminal courts use the JJ Act 2000 which narratives are presented in Hindi, the language in which
defines a child as person who has not completed his/ the un-structured interviews were conducted and are
her 18th year of age and hence cannot be employed. included in the Annexure.
All the owners declared that they were unaware of this

65
 Employer 1 who owns a Hotel in Dharavi Data from the FIRs collected from the Police Station

Two raids were carried out at my hotel. The first time, A total of 366 industrial units were covered by the 77 FIRs
I was not in Mumbai and so nothing happened but I was (First Information Reports) registered across 38 police
caught the second time in 2007 and spent six days in jail. stations in Mumbai. The industrial units covered in these
I had never employed any person below 14 years of age. FIRs include
In fact when the second raid was conducted, the boys
who were in my employment were aged between 14 and • Bakery
16. The labour court dismissed the case against me. I did • Begging
not know that it was illegal to employ children below the • Domestic work
age of 18. I found that out only after I was arrested. The • Garment
case (in criminal court) is still pending and I have to close • Garage
my hotel to attend the court hearing. Each time, I lose • Hotel and Eatery
one working day. So far, about six or seven hearings have • Leather Work
been held in the (criminal) court. • Metal Work
On the day of the raid, I was in the hotel with two boys • Pani Puri making
who worked for me. One was 15 years old and the other • Plastic Factory
was 16 years old. Two policemen, two men from the • Printing Press
labour department and two agents (gumust) came to • Shops
my hotel. They took the younger boy (15 years old) and • Zari Work
me to the police station. An FIR was filed against me. My
boy was taken along with 60 other children to the Dongri Fig 46 Status of Child Employment amongst Owners
home. After I got out of jail, I helped the father get his against whom FIRs were filed
son back from the Children’s Home. For about one year,
I had to go and do ‘hazari’ every week at the police sta-
tion. Now I do not have to do that. I paid Rs 20000 to the Yes 14%
tehilsdar – it was a cheque payment. I also had to give
Rs 3000 for Indira Awaas Patra for the child. I feel that
children should be educated and that parents should
make sure that they educate their child. The government No 86%
should provide financial support to needy children till
they are 22 years old so that they can get a good
education and a good job.
Now I feel that it is not worth it to employ children. Now
all my workers are over 18 years of age. I do not want to
go through the terrible experience of being raided again.
More than four fifths of the owners (86.07%, 315 of 366)
against whom FIRs had been registered did not employ
children currently. Just under a seventh (13.93%, 51 of
366) continued to employ children despite having an FIR
filed against them. The industrial units owned by these
employers included

• Hotels and other eateries (9.56%, 35 of 366)

• Leather factories (3.83%, 14 of 366) and
• Bakeries (0.55%, 02 of 366)

66
 Fig 48 Total number of Children employed in the Fig 49 Current state of the Industrial units against
work sectors which the FIRs were filed
50
45 Under 14 Not Owner
40 found changed his
35 Over 14 Use for Closed 1%
10% business 1%
30 residential 2%
25 Shop Owner
20 left
15 Shifted 1%
10 1%
5
0
Hotel or Leather Bakeries
Running
other eateries Factories
84%
Of the 77 FIRs that were filed on 366 establishments,
only 209 (57.10%) have been produced in front of the
apex court. The remaining 157 (42.90%) have not even
come up for hearing. Judgments have been passed in
only three cases. The remaining cases are currently sub As can be seen from the Figure above, over four fifths
judice. Only 58 of the cases for which the FIRs were filed of the industrial units (84%) are still functioning while a
have reached the apex court. Judgments have been tenth (10%) have shut down. Two percent of the premises
pronounced in three cases; two of the employers were are currently used as residences. One percent of the units
deemed innocent and hence let off without any have shifted while one percent of the owners have opted
punishments while the third was found guilty and to run a different business. One percent of the owners
sentenced to simple imprisonment for 15 days. He have left the city and returned to their native places.
also had to pay a fine of Rs 3000 only.

67
Conclusion

This chapter presents an analysis of data collected from community members, owners and the police stations. The
data revealed that despite the raids, other industrial units in the area continue to employ children though most
owners and employers who have been arrested and had an FIR filed against them displayed reluctance to re em-
ploy children. Most of the industrial units were housed in rented premises, suggesting that laws need to be modi-
fied to include the landlord as an accessory to child labour. Moreover, the data pointed out that the court hearings
take an inordinately long time and the punishment meted out at the end of this long period is far from severe. In
some ways, this brings to mind the maxim, ‘Justice delayed is justice denied’. Indeed, the child worker not only
faces exploitation as part of his work but also in part from the slow and indifferent judicial and legal system.

68
 CHAPTER 6
Conclusion and Recommendations

69
This chapter presents the highlights of the study along Status prior to Rescue
with recommendations which can take things further.
• A large majority of the children earned between 501and
Highlights of the study Rs 2000 per month and worked more than 10 hours per
day.
The highlights have been divided into subsections based • A majority worked six days a week.
on the chapters from which they have been drawn. • None of the children had access to education.
• Few underwent a health check-up during the time that
Demographic Findings they were employed.
• More than a third were never given clothes by the
•A total of 85 children were covered as part of the survey. employer
• Seven were girls and 78 were boys. • None of the children got three meals per day (breakfast,
• Nearly all the children continue to work. lunch and dinner) and most were only given two meals
• Most children continued to work in the same sector. a day.
• Some continued to work for the same owner. • Around a third did not get tea during the working hours.
• More than half of the children belonged to the 11- 13 • Although a vast majority (91.76%, 78 of 85) had access
age group. to drinking water, it is a matter of concern that seven
• Hotels, leather factories and zari workshops were the children reported that they did not have access to
top three sectors of work. drinking water during their working hours.
• Most of the children hailed from UP, Bihar and Rajasthan. • Two children stated that they were subject to sexual
• Around half the children lived with their parents while abuse while verbal and physical abuse by the employer
two fifths resided in accommodation provided by and other adult co-workers was common.
the employer.
• A majority of the children lived in single room tenements. Rescue and Post Rescue
• Most residences did not have a separate kitchen or
bathing area. • Most children revealed that the rescue operation was
• Around half the children availed of communal toilets confusing and scary.
while two fifths defecated in open areas. • Adult co-workers or employers accompanied most of
• Most children had access to clear and clean drinking the children to the police station.
water. • Adult co-workers/employers had many opportunities to
• The residences of most children had an electricity speak to the children during the travel to the police
connection. station and at the police station. Some used this
• Half the children had ration cards. opportunity to threaten the children with dire conse
• Nearly half of the children had not completed their quences if they spoke to the police.
primary education. • A few children had been so influenced by the owners /
• Most children worked full time leaving them no time for adult co-workers that they were more afraid of the
education. policemen than their employer.
• Less than a fifth combined work with education, most of • Around a quarter of the children were never presented
whom attended Hindi medium municipal schools. before the CWC and were sent off from the police station
• One child was only studying and not working. itself which meant that no FIRs were filed in these cases.
• Three children are at home; neither working nor studying. • Many children indicated that they were not happy with
• A majority of the children who were not studying ex their interactions with the CWC members.
pressed an interest in pursuing their education. • The facilities offered at the Children’s Homes were not
• A large majority of the children stated that municipal good as was indicated by the children’s negative opinions
hospital in their area. of these.
• Most children had no knowledge of the Rashtriya • There were no systems set up to help reintegrate or re
Swasthya Bima Yojna indicating that they were not habilitate the children once they were released from the
covered by it. Children’s Homes. No monitoring systems are in place.
No jobs were offered to their parents post the
repatriation of the children.

70
 Findings from interaction with community members • Most of the owners insisted that they had employed
and owners children between the ages of 14 and 16 when they were
raided.
• All four communities had workshops and factory units. • They added that the labour court had dismissed the
• Children continued to be employed in all four cases against all four of them because the children were
communities, although not in a majority of the industries. aged between 14 and 16.
• Many of the industries in all four communities were • None of the four employers were aware that they could
located in rented premises. not employ children below the age of 18 years.
• Very few industries across the four communities had •None of the four employers employ any children currently.
licenses. • Most of the owners stated that they did not have a
• All FDG respondents understood that child labour is bad license to ply their trade.
for children and that child labourers are deprived of the • Most owners provided the employees two meals a day
joys of childhood. and a half day off per week.
• All the FGD respondents felt that landlords should be
held responsible if their tenements were used for work Findings from the FIRs (First Information Reports)
shops/factories which employed child labour. from police stations
• Some of the FGD respondents from two groups opined
that landlords should be punished • Only 77 FIRs were registered covering a total of 366
• All the FGD respondents stated that the middlemen industrial units, implying that multiple units were
should be punished. covered in each of the FIRs which were registered across
• The FGD respondents made the following suggestions: 38 police stations in Mumbai.
• A large majority of employers against whom FIRs were
o The state government should take the responsibility to registered have stopped employing children.
ensure that all amenities are available to children within • Many cases have not come up for hearing at the courts.
the state itself so that the child can learn and work in his/ • Judgments have been announced in extremely
her native state itself. few cases.
• None of the FIRs provided any information related to
o The police should have a separate department that the different forms of abuse faced by the children at
would focus on inspecting factory units and ensuring that their workplace. However, qualitative data from the child
they do not employ child labour. Police should be aware respondents indicated that cases of verbal and physical
of the number of workshops in their beat and also of the abuse were common.
employment patterns therein.

o Licensing procedures should be more detailed and

these should be periodically checked.

o NGOs should work on building awareness regarding

laws and existing schemes. They should also initiate
education related programs and provide financial
support to children who want to study.

o Each community should form a committee with about

5-10 members who would take on the responsibility of
ensuring that no child works in any of the workshops in
their community.

• All four owners were arrested and their case is still

pending in the criminal court.

71
Comparison of guidelines provided in the Protocol on as establishment license and electricity bills which would
Prevention, Rescue, Repatriation and Rehabilitation facilitate formulation of a case against them and effective
of Trafficked and Migrant Child Labour (2008) with prosecution and conviction. However, as information in
the Findings of the Current Study this current research shows, none of the FIRs include any
sections from Bombay Shop and Establishment Act 1948
The National Protocol states that prior to the rescue, all for operating without a license. Moreover, no action has
the members of the rescue team should be given an ori- been taken against the establishment or owner of the
entation to the laws related to child labour. They should tenement for running establishment without license and/
also be sensitized as to how to deal with the children so or using residential premises for commercial purposes.
that their trauma is minimized. However, the findings
of this study show that most children found the rescue The national Protocol clearly sets out that the rescued
process to be scary and confusing. child should be examined by a medical team within 24
hours after the rescue to report any evidence of physical
As per the Protocol, transportation, food and refreshments and sexual abuse which could be used as supportive
must be provided to the rescued children. The Protocol evidence against the employers/owners of the commercial
holds the nodal department (usually the Labour establishments. Implicit in this is the expectation that the
Department) is responsible for this. The Protocol for the doctors and others on the medical team should be sensi-
Rescue, Repatriation and Rehabilitation of Child Laborers tive to the child and treat the child well. However, more
adopted by the Maharashtra State Government further than three fourths of the children (76.92%) stated that
adds that no child should be transported in a police van. they had no interactions with the doctors or anyone else
However, the findings of the current study show that on any medical team. Of the children who interacted with
nearly three quarters of the respondent children were the doctors and nurses, only a fifth (20.00%) stated that
taken to the police station in a police van. Moreover, less these interactions were good. Further, none of the FIRs
than two fifths (38.55%) were given food and only seven made any mention of physical injuries or sexual abuse,
(of 83) were given tea during their time at the although a fifth (21.12%) of the children mentioned being
police station. physically abused while two stated that they were subject
to sexual abuse.
Central & State Protocols lay great emphasis on the
importance of physically separating the rescued children Both the Protocols provide detailed guidelines on the
from their employers or other adult co-workers in order repatriation and rehabilitation of the rescued child.
to avoid intimidation. However, the findings of the current Providing educational assistance to the child and
study indicate that not only were more than half the children employment generation opportunities to parents should
(50.59%) made to wait in the same room as their form the curx of the rehabilitation strategy as per both
employers when at the police station but also that more Protocols. The State Protocol further suggests that
than two thirds (67.06%) were accompanied by their counselling be provided to the parents along with sensitizing
employers and other adult co-workers when traveling to them about the hazards of child labor, their responsibilities
the police station, often in the absence of any police or and the importance of education so that children are not
NGO personnel. sent back to work but are instead sent to schools. Sadly,
the findings show that less than a tenth of the children
Both the Protocols specify that separate FIRs need to received assistance for admission to schools (9.23%)
filed for each individual child. However the data shows and even fewer mentioned that their parents were given
that 77 FIRs were registered covering a total of 366 employment (7.69%).
industrial units. This means that FIRs were not filed for
each individual child. It also implies that FIRs were not This comparison indicates that much needs to be done
even filed against each employer separately. to ensure that the Protocols are implemented fully so
that rescued child workers benefit from the guidelines
Both Protocols call for a thorough verification of all legal provided therein.
documents of the employer including documents such

72
 Suggestions and way forward

• As per the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation •Most children meet the members of the CWC only once
Act) 1986, only children below the age of fourteen are and many did not get a chance to talk to them even once.
prohibited from working. When the owner proves that a As per the JJ Act, the rescued child is supposed to be
rescued child is aged 14 years or more, the labour court brought in front of the CWC once every 15 days during
dismisses the case. However, the criminal courts use the his/her stay in the Children’s Home. It is necessary to set
JJ Act 2000 which defines a child as a person who has up systems to ensure this.
not completed 18 years (Section 2 k) and hence cannot
be employed. Amending the Child Labour law so that it • The facilities provided at the Children’s Homes are far
is in sync with the JJ Act is necessary to ensure that the from satisfactory. Regular inspections are necessary to
employers are punished though the labour court as well. upgrade and maintain the Children’s Homes. Moreover,
efforts should be made to enhance the quality of services
• FIRs appear to be a deterrent to employing children. provided in the Children’s Homes such as education,
Ensuring that police register an FIR for every rescued recreation and counselling.
child is one way to reduce child labour. Educating the
police on the importance of FIRs could be the first step. • There is no system to track or trace the child once s/he
is released from the Children’s Homes. Setting up a
• Currently, the FIRs only use Section 3 of CLPRA (Child system to track and monitor the progress of the child
Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986) which post release would help prevent the child from re-
deals with the prohibition of the child workers in named entering the labour force.
hazardous industries. None of the other sections such as
7 and 8 which give guidelines for regulating the • The current efforts to rehabilitate the child appear
number of days and hours of work (for child workers in skeletal and welfare oriented. Child labour is an
non-hazardous work and in hazardous work when aged infringement of the rights of a child and rehabilitative
over 14 years) are applied when filing the FIR. Section 9 efforts need to reflect this. It needs to be holistic and
emphasis that the owner/occupier of a commercial child centered.
establishment must give notice to the concerned inspector
providing the name, nature and place of establishment,
as well as names and ages of all workers. Section 11
states that every owner/occupier must maintain a
register with the above details. Section 13 deals with
health and safety precautions that need to be followed.
This study has shown that none of the industrial units
covered here have followed these guidelines. Moreover,
FIRs must also include Sections from the JJ Act namely
23 (Punishment for exposing child to cruelty and causing
mental or physical suffering), 24 (Punishments to em-
ployers) and 26 (Punishment for Exploitation of Child).
Including all these sections in the FIR is essential to
strengthen the case against the owners.

• The perceptions of respondent children with regard to

the CWC members were not positive. Considering that the
CWC members are meant to be child friendly and focused
on the best interests of the child, this was surprising. It
indicates that even CWC members may need to learn to
interact with children. Training programs to sensitize the
CWC members are essential.

73
Final word giving them a chance to get educated.

A variety of interventions need to be developed and • The licensing process needs to be reviewed. Conducting
existing systems either modified or changed if we are to a study to understand the problems and pitfall related to
stop children from working. These can be categorized as licenses could be the first step towards this.
long term interventions and immediate interventions and
are explained below • Create an integrated rehabilitation program for the
child which will come into effect from the day the child
Long term interventions is rescued. This program should be developed within a
child rights perspective and the best interest of the child
• The systems with which a child comes into contact should be central to it. Ensure that the Integrated Child
like the police, the legal system, the CWC and Children’s Protection Scheme (ICPS) takes the lead role in
homes to which the child is sent need to be made child this process.
centered and child friendly. Their practice should
reflect this. • Changes in policies and laws related to child labour
need to be reviewed and revised from a child
• Affirmative action by the state is essential to reduce the rights perspective.
entry of children into the labour force. Rural develop-
ment is the key to this. Central and State Governments Interim intervention
need to make a strong commitment to children and the
protection of their rights and implement this in practice, • Ensure access to education for all children with a special
more so in states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan focus on children rescued from the labour force. Provide
from where most children hail. the necessary support (both financial and non-financial)
•Ensure convergence of the different district level com- needed to make sure that these children continue to study.
mittees related to children so that children’s issues can
be perceived holistically. • Develop systems that would ensure regular interactions
between the rescued child and the CWC members as per
• Work towards changing mindset of adults to enable the guidelines in the JJ Act.
them to view children as individuals with rights
and dreams. • Ensure that the State Advisory Board monitors and
supervises the working of the Probation Officers and
• Assign up a special judge or a fast track court within Superintendents of Children’s Home as well as the CWC
labour court that will focus only on child labour on a regular basis by providing the necessary support.
violations. Current conviction rates are very poor due to
the inordinately long trials and delays in court hearings. •Create systems that can track and monitor the children
Speeding up the process could result in more convictions post their release from the Children’s Homes. This would
which could serve as a deterrent to other employers. include creating networks and communication channels
This could be linked to the children’s courts which have between the CWCs and Children’s Homes across the dif-
already been set up under the purview of the JJ Act. ferent states. Ensure that the Integrated Child Protection
• Set up residential schools in cities like Mumbai (or on Scheme (ICPS) takes the lead role in this process.
outskirts of these cities) for local children with a special
focus on child workers who reside in these cities with
their parents. In addition to lowering the rate of child
workers, such schools would serve the dual purpose of
providing children a safe and secure environment by
keeping them off the streets whilst at the same time

74
 Immediate intervention

• Conduct dissemination workshops on data based on this premises that are used for commercial purposes without
study for district level officers to familiarize them with following the proper proceedings.
the problems related to child labour.
• Police should trace the middle men who procure the
• Provide training to all personnel who come in contact children and file criminal cases against them.
with children during and post the rescue (including the • Lobby with the concerned government authority to
CWC members) to ensure that they are sensitive to the make it compulsory for all commercial rent agreements
child, to prevent further violation of the rights of the to include a no child labour clause.
child in keeping with the guidelines set by the National
Protocol on Prevention, Rescue, Repatriation and • As per the Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act
Rehabilitation of Trafficked and Migrant Child Labour 1986, the responsibility for implementing the provisions
(2008). The training will also ensure that the legal made by the act rest with Labour Department. This Act
provisions/guidelines relating to the handing over process clearly states that child workers are not to be employed in
and rehabilitation of the child as enshrined in the JJ Act certain named hazardous industries whilst also emphasizing
and the Standard Operating Process for Child Welfare that the non-hazardous industries where child workers are
Committee (2009) are followed. employed must be subject to regular inspections and strict
scrutiny with a view to slowly but steadily reducing the
• Ensure that FIRs are filed for every child who is rescued number of child workers over the years. However, in the
as FIRs have proved to be an effective method to stop ensuing years since its inception in 1986 to date (2014), it
owners from continuing to employ children. Moreover, has been seen that this Act has not been implemented or
these would also provide more detailed evidence in utilized in the spirit with which it was drafted. Moreover, the
court. Make sure that the Sections 7, 8, 917, 1118 and 13 number of child workers in hazardous industrial
from CLPRA, 1986 are invoked when filing the FIRs. Also establishments has increased. One reason for this increase
ensure that relevant sections from the IPC are included of child workers is the failure of the Labour Department
in the FIR as these would assist in providing evidence of which is woefully short staffed. However, the ICPS provides
exploitation and abuse faced by the child worker19. for the establishment of a child protection committee both
at the village level of the in rural areas and the ward level
• Conduct training programs for police at all levels start- in the cities. The Local Governments must ensure that such
ing from the Constable to the Assistant Commissioner of child protection committees are established in every
Police (ACP), the Special Juvenile Police Unit (SJPU) and village and every ward. These child protection committees
concerned people from the Labour Department to ensure can work towards achieving convergence between the
that they are aware of the minute details of the law. labour department, police and education department to
fill in the gaps that currently exist. The child protection
• File criminal cases against employers who abuse committees work with the members of the mohalla com-
children in keeping with the Protection of Children from mittees that are in existence in cities like Mumbai can
Sexual Offences Act. also to create awareness regarding child labour at the
grassroots levels. Further, the members of these commit-
• File criminal cases against landlords for allowing child tees can be provided training so that they can establish a
workers to be employed in tenements that belong to ‘neighborhood watch’ to track and report child workers.
them. Also file cases against landlords of residential

Section 9 of CLPRA states that owners must give details of child employees in prescribed format to the GOV inspectors within a month of
17

employing the child.

18
Section 11 declares that every employer must maintain a register which details the name, age (DOB), working hours and nature of work done.
19
Currently only Section 374 from IPC (regarding forceful labour) is being invoked in the FIRs.

75
Abbreviations

ACP Assistance Commissioner of Police

BPL Below Poverty Level
CARE Committed Action for Relief and Education
CLPRA Child Labour Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986
CRC Convention on Rights of the Child
CRY Child Rights and You
CWC Child Welfare Committee
DM District Magistrate
DWCD Department of Women and Child Development
FIR First Information Report
FGD Focus Group Discussion
ICPS Integrated Child Protection Scheme
IPC Indian Penal Code
JJ Act Juvenile Justice Act 2000
NAECL National Authority for the Elimination of Child Labour
NCLP National Child Labour Project
NGO Non Government Organisation
RSBY Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
SJPU Special Juvenile Police Unit
SOP Standard Operating Process/Protocol
UNICEF United Nation Children Fund

76
 Let me enjoy, let me play,
Don’t take my childhood away.
Let me go to school and learn,
Don’t force me to earn.
I don’t like to be alone
Don’t send me far from home.
I am a child, let me fly
Let me at least try
To spread my wings
Dream a thousand things
And do all that a child should
Not what an adult would.

By Yamini Suvarna

ANNEXURE 1
Consent Letter

77
78
79
80
 ANNEXURE 2
Survey Questionaire for
Child Workers

81
 CHILDREN’S SURVEY ब�च़� का स़व�
�े ण

1 Personal/Family details नीजी / पिरवािरक जानकारी

Name of Relationship Age Sex Education/Grade Living with Currently Type of Av Monthly
family to Child that you completed child Working working Income
members (Y/N, if yes,
where )
पिरवार के ब�चों के उ� िंलंग आपकी िश�ा कहा ब�चो के काम पर ब�चो के औसत
सद�यों के साथ िर�ता तक पूरी हुई है साथ रहते जाते हो ? साथ िर�ता मािसक
नाम हो? कहा ? आय

Self

2. Do your parents live with you? ( आप के माता-िपता/ c. Semi pucca or Semi- permanent houses: Houses with
अिभभावक आपके साथ रहते है? ) walls made of bricks or other permanent materials but
having temporary roofing (आधा पक्का और आधा �थाई
a. Both live with child. ( दोनों ब�चों के साथ रहते है) घर: ईंटों की बनी दीवार वाला घर और अन्य �थाई
b. Father lives with child. ( िपता ब�चों के साथ रहता है) साम�ाी लेिकन अ�थाई छत)
c. Mother lives with child. ( माँ ब�चो के साथ रहती है)
d. Neither lives with child. ( ब�चो के साथ कोई नहीं d. Any other (please specify):___________
रहता है ) (अन्य कोई (कृपया ��� करे):_____________)
e. Father passed away. (िपता गुजर गया है)
f. Mother passed away. (माँ गुजर गयी है) 5. No of rooms in the house: ________ (घर में िकतने
g. Any other (please specify): _______ (अन्य कोई कमरे है)
(कृपया ��� करे):_________)
6. Is there a separate kitchen? (घर में अलग रसोईघर है
3. House: (घर) क्याा ?)

a. Own (अपना) a. Yes (हाँ)

b. Rented (िकराये पर) b. No (नहीं)
c. Rent free (add details) (िबगर िकराये से (िववरण दे))
d. Any other (please specify):_______ 7. Is there a separate bathing area in the house?
(अन्य कोई (कृपया ��� करे):___________) (घर में अलग �नान घर है क्या?)

4. Type of house: (घर के �कार) a. Yes (हाँ)

b. No (where do they bathe?) (नहीं तो लोग कहाँ नहाते
a. Kuccha or Temporary House: Houses made है ?)
from made of plastic sheets and asbestos/ tin
sheets or tiles as roofs. (क�चा या अ�थाई 8. Type of Toilet facility available: (शौचालय के
घर: छतों के �प में �लाि�टक शीट और ए�बे�टोस / िलए िकस �कार की सिुवधाए उपलध है?)
िटन चादरें या टाइ�स से बना मकान)
b. Pucca or Permanent House: Houses made
from bricks, cement, concrete and tiles. (पक्का और �थाई
घर: ईंटों से बना घर, सीमेट ं , कंाक्रीट और टाइ�स)

82
 a. Toilet in house (शौचालय घर में है) (tick as many as applicable) यही पानी आप सफाई और
b. Common toilets (साव�जािनक शौचालय) �नान के िलए इ�तेमाल करते है (एक से अिधक उ�तर
c. No toilet facilities available (शौचालय की सुिवधा िजतने योग़्य है उसे िटक करे)ं
उपल�ध नहीं है)
d. Any other (please specify) …………………(अन्य कोई a. Clear (साफ)
(कृपया ��� करे):___________) b. Yellowish in colour (पानी का रंग पीले जैसा है)
c. Muddy (पानी गंदा है)
9. What is the source of water (for drinking and d. Smelly (पानी से बास आता है)
cooking)? (could be multiple response),पानी कहाँ से e. Has particles floating in it (पानी में कचरा िदखता है)
िमलता है (खाना पकाने और पीने के िलए)?( एक से f. Any other (please specify) ………………… (अन्य
अिधक उ�तर हो सकते है) कोई (कृपया ��� करे):__________)

a. Ground water (भूिमजल) 13. Do you have electricity connection in the

b. Govt. Tap (सरकारी / साव�जािनक नल) house? (आपके घर में िबजली की सिुवधा है ?)
c. Private Tap (�ाई�हेट नल) a. Yes (हाँ)
d. Ordinary well (साव�जािनक कुआ)ँ b. No (नहीं)
e. Hand pump (हाथ – प�प/ बोरवेल/ चापाकल)
f. Tankers (टैकं र) 14. Do you have a ration card in Mumbai?
g. Any other (please specify) ………………… (मुब
ं ईमे आपके पास राशन काड� है?)
(अन्य कोई (कृपया ��� करे):___________)
a. Yes (हाँ)
10. Is this water which you use for drinking and cooking b. No (नहीं)
(tick as many as applicable)
यही पानी आप पीने और खाना पकाने के िलए उपयोग 15. If yes, which type of ration card do you
करते है (एक से अिधक उ�तर िजतने योग़्य है उसे have? (अगर हाँ, तो िकस �कार का राशन काड� है)
िटक करे)ं
a. White (Income more than 1 lakh) सफ़ेद (आय
a. Clear (साफ) एक लाख से अधिक)
b. Yellowish in colour (पानी का रंग पीले जैसा है) b. Yellow (BPL) पीला (बी. पी. एल.)
c. Muddy (पानी गंदा है) c. Orange (APL) नारंगी (ए. पी. एल.)
d. Smelly (पानी से बास आता है) d. Red (Antyodaya) लाल (अन्तोदया)
e. Has particles floating in it (पानी में कचरा िदखता है)
f. Any other (please specify) ………………… (अन्य 16. Are you currently: (अभी आप......)
कोई (कृपया ��� करे):___________)
a. Working (काम कर रहे हो)
11. What is the source of water (for cleaning and bath- b. Studying (पढाई)
ing)? (tick as many as applicable) पानी कहाँ से िमलता c. Working and Studying (काम के साथ’ पढाई)
है (सफाई और �नान के िलए) ) (एक से अिधक उ�तर d. Neither please specify (कुछ नहीं) अगर दोनों भी
िजतने योग्य है उसे िटक करे)ं नही तो कृपया ��� करे
17. If you are currently studying, what is the
a. Govt. Tap (सरकारी/ साव�जािनक नल) type of school (अगर आप पढाई कर रहे हो,
b. Private Tap (�ाई�हेट नल) आपका �कूल का �कार)
c. Ordinary well (साव�जािनक कुआ)ँ
d. Hand pump (हाथ – प�प/ बोरवेल/ चापाकल)
e. Tankers (टैकं र)
f. Any other (please specify) ………………… (अन्य
कोई (कृपया ��� करे):____________

12. Is this water which you use for cleaning and bathing

83
a. Municipal (�य़�नि् सपल �कूल) वैदय
् िकय मदत के िलये आप और आपके पिरवार के
b. Private (�ाई�हेट �कूल) सद�य िकस तरह जाते हो?) (एक से अिधक उ�तर
c. Aided (सरकारी सहायता वाला)* िजतने योग़्य है उसे िटक करे)ं
d. Any other (please specify) ………………… (अन्य
कोई (कृपया ��� करे):___________) a. Walking (चल कर जाते है)
b. Bicycle (सायिकल)
18. If you are currently studying, what is the c. BEST bus (बे�ट बस)
medium of instruction? (अगर आप अभी पढाई d. Share rickshaw (शेयर िर�ा)
कर रहे हो तो िकस मा�यम मे?) e. Train (्�ने / रेल)
f. Motorized two wheelers (दुपिहया)
a. Marathi (मराठी) g. Tempos and trucks (टे�पो और �क्स)
b. Hindi (िहंदी) h. Any other (please specify) (अन्य कोई (कृपया
c. Urdu (उदू)� ��� करे):______________
d. Gujarati (गुजराती)
e. Tamil (तिमल)
f. Telegu (तेलगु)
g. Kannada (कन्नड़)
h. English (अंगज े� ी)

19. If you are currently studying, do you face any problems

in school? If yes, please provide details of the same.
(अगर आप पढाई कर रहे हो तो �कूल मे आपकों कोई
सम�या का सामना करना पड रहा है क्या? अगर हाँ,
तो उसे िव�तार में बताये? ं )

20. What kind of help would you like with relation to edu-
cation? (For those who are currently studying). Please note
down the answers point form.
पढाई के बारे मे आपको कौनसी मदत चािहए? (िसफ�
उनके िलए जो िफ़लहाल पढाई कर रहे है). उ�तर
िव�तार में बतायें |

21. Would you like to study (only for those who are cur-
rently not studying)? If yes, please let us know what help
you would need so that you can study. Please note
down the answers point form.
क्या आप पढना चाहते हो ( िसफ� वो जो अभी पढाई
नहीं कर रहे)? अगर हाँ, तो िकस तरह की मदद
चािहए िजससे आप पढाई कर सकते हो | उ�तर
िव�तार में बतायें |

22. Are you covered under Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna

(RSBY)? If yes, please tell how this has helped you?
(आपको रा��ीय �वा��य िबमा योजना की मदद िमलती
है ? अगर हाँ, आपको िकस तरह से मदद िमल रही है?

23. How do you/family members travel to the

medical facility? (Tick as many as applicable)

84
 24. Health facilities available in your area (आपके इलाके में उपल�ध �वा��य सुिवधाएँ)

Available (Yes/ No) Approx distance in kms

घरसे लगभग दूरी
उपल�ध (हाँ / नहीं)
Sr. No. Health Facilities (िकलोमीटर में)

1 Primary Health center

�ाथिमक �वा��य कें�
2 Community Health center
ब�ती �वा��य कें�
3 Municipal/Govt.Hospital
सरकारी अ�पताल
4 Private clinics
�ाई�हेट दवाखाना
5 Private Hospitals
�ाई�हेट अ�पताल
5 Any other (please specify)
अन्य कोई (कृपया ��� करे)

25. Health problems faced in the past two years (�वा��य सम�या िपछले दो साल में)

Name Illness Whether treatment Where was Expenditure Source of

was taken the treatment (approx.) fund
taken

नाम िबमारी इलाज िकया गया इलाज कहा िकया खचा� िनध��ााेत
क्या? गया है ? (लगभग)

85
Prior to rescue (काम से छुडानेसे पहले की जानकारी) के िदया, मुब
ं ई कैसे पहुच
ं ,े कारखाने तक कैसे पहुच
ं ,े काम
शु� करने से पहले घरवालों को पैसे िदये थे क्या, अगर
26. What work were you doing before being िदये तो िकतने िदये और िकसके पास और िकसने िदया.
rescued? (काम से छुडानेसे से पहले क्या काम कर रहे
थे) 29. How many hours/days do you work: (िकतने
घंटे काम करना पड़ता है)
a. Zari work (ज़री काम)
b. Working in a hotel or other eateries (होटल में a. Hours/day: (घंट/
े िदन)
और अन्य िकसी खान पान गृह मे)ं b. Days/week: (िदन/हफ़्ता)
c. Leather factory (belts, bags and footwear)
(चमडे के कारखाने में (बे�ट, बैग़स ् और च�पल) 30. What facilities did you have at work? (आपके काम के
d. Working in the puris (for panipuri) making �थान पर क्या सुिवधा है)
industry (पानीपूरी तैयार करने वाले कारखाने मे)ं
e. Working in an enterprise that makes and a. Break every 3 hours (हर ३ घंटे में छुटट
् ी)
delivers food in tiffin dabbas (खाने का ड�बा b. Tea (चाय)
बनाके पहुच ँ ाने का काम) c. Water to drink (पीने का पानी)
f. Street vendors/Selling goods on the roads/ d. Weekly off (हफ्ते में एक िदन छुटट् ी)
platforms/trains (र�ते/�लेटफाम�/�ेनस ् पर सामान e. Education classes (पढने वग�)
बेचना) f. Health checkups with doctors (डॉक्टर से साथ
g. Begging (िभख मांगना) �वा��य की जाँच)
h. Rag picking (कूड़ा कचरा चुनना)
i. Metal work (making bangles, ornaments) (धातु 31. How many meals did you get every day? (आप को
काम (बंगरी बनाना, गहने बनाना) िदन मे िकतने बार भोजन िदया जाता था?)
j. Making gold ornaments (सोने के गहने बनाना)
k. Any other (please specify) ………………… (अन्य a. One (एक)
कोई (कृपया ��� करे):____________ b. Two (दो)
c. Three (तीन)
27. How much did you earn per month when you were d. None (नही िदया जाता था)
working before being rescued? (Do not prompt but fit in a
category) 32. How frequently did you get clothes at work?
जभी आप काम करते थे तो महीने में आप िकतना (आपको को काम पर िकतने बार कपडे िदये
कमाते थे? जाते थे)

a. Below 500 (५०० से कम) a. Once a month (महीने में १ बार)

b. Rs 500- 1000 (५०० - १००० से कम) b. Once in 3 months (३ महीने में एक बार)
c. Rs 1000-2000 (१००० - २००० से कम ) c. Once in 6 months (६ महीने में एक बार)
d. Rs 2000-4000 (२००० - ४००० से कम) d. Once in a year (साल में १ बार)
e. More than Rs 4000 (४००० से अिधक) e. Never (कभी नहीं)

33. How long had you worked in your last job

28. Please tell the story of how you started working before being rescued? (आप िकतने समय से
(probe in terms of why s/he started to work, who took the काम कर रहे थे जभी आपको काम से छुडा या
decision, who helped find the job, how the child reached to गया था ?
Mumbai, who accompanied the child to Mumbai and the a. Less than one year (१ साल से भी कम)
workshop, mode of transport used, any money paid to your b. 1-2 years (१-२ साल)
parents before you started working)
आप अपनी आपकी कहानी बताये (आपने काम की
शु�आत कैसे की) (काम करने की वजह, िकसने काम ढंड ु

86
 c. 2 years and more (२ साल से भी अिधक) (आपको पुिलस �टेशन को कैसे ले गये?)

33. How were you treated in your previous jobs? (Please a. By police van (पुिलस वैन से)
keep in mind that we want to capture experiences of b. By private bus (�ाई�हेट बस से)
abuse/exploitation, also ask how frequently s/he was al- c. By train (�ेन से)
lowed to contact home, whether money was sent home) d. By BEST bus (BEST बस)
आपको काम से िकस तरह छुडाया गया उस बारे मे e. By Taxi/ Auto (Taxi/ Auto) (टैकस
् ी/ऑटो)
बताये | रेड िकसने िकया था| आप को उसके बारे मे f. Any other (please specify) ……………
�ाह़�
े ाेसे जानकारी थी क्या? उस समय क्या (अन्य कोई (कृपया ��� करे):__________)
हुआ| िव�तार मे बताये |
36. How much time did you spend in police station?
Rescue related questions (मुकत ् करने संबिं धत सवाल) (आपने पुिलस �टेशन में िकतना समय िबताया है?)

34. Please tell us how you were rescued(probe who con- 1. Less than 1 hrs (१ घंटे से कम)
ducted the raid, did s/he know about it previously, what 2. 2 – 4 hrs (२-४ घंट)े
actually happened on the day of the raid). 3. 4 - 6 hrs (४-६ घंट)े
कृपया हमे बताये आपको काम कों कैसे छुडाया गया? 4. More than 6 hrs (६ घंटे से जादा)
(जैसे छापे का आयोजन िकसने िकया? वा�तव में
छापे के िदन क्या हुआ, इसके बारे में पहले पता था)

35. How were you taken to the police station?

37. Which of the following were available in the police station? इनमें से पुिलस �टेशन मे क्या
उपल�ध थे?

Yes / No हाँ/नहीं Remark िट�पिणयाँ

1 Presence of lady constable

मिहला कां�टेबल की उपि�थती
2 Food भोजन
3 Water was provided when needed
जभी ज�रत पड़ी तभी पानी िदया गया
4 Tea चाय
5 Toilet facilities
शौचालय की सुिवधा

6 Given freedom to move around

यहाँ वहाँ घूमने की आझादी दी गयी थी

87
38. Where were you made to wait in the police station? िर�तेदारों को सौंप िदया)
(पुिलस �टेशन में आपको कहाँ इंतजार करने के िलए f. Any other (please specify) ……………… (अन्य कोई
िकए गए थे?) (कृपया ��� करे) ......................)

a. In a separate room (एक अलग कमरे मे)ं 43. Were you produced in front of the CWC within 24
b. In a corner of the room where the police were working hrs?
(पुिलस जहाँ काम कर रहे थे , उस कमरे के एक (आप 24 घंटे के भीतर CWC/ ब�चों के कोट� मे लाया
कोने मे)ं गया था?)
c. In a corridor/passage (कमरे के बाहर बरामदे मे)
d. Any other (please specify) …………………. (अन्य a. Yes (हाँ)
कोई (कृपया ��� करे) ......................) b. No (नहीं)

39. What was the seating arrangement? (बैठने 44. How were you taken to the CWC? (आप को
को �यव�था क्या था?) CWC/ ब�चों के कोट� मे कैसे ले जाया गया?)

a. I sat on a bench (मैं बेच

ं पर बैठा) d. By police van (पुिलस वैन से)
b. I sat on a chair (मैं कुसी� पर बैठा) 1. By private bus (�ाई�हेट बस से)
c. I sat on a mat on the floor (मैं फश� पर एक 2. By train (�ेन द्वारा)
चटाई पर बैठा) 3. By BEST bus (BEST बस से)
d. I sat on the floor (मैं फश� पर बैठा) 4. By Taxi/ Auto (टैकस ् ी / ऑटो से)
e. Any other (please specify) …………………. (अन्य 5. Any other (please specify) …………… (अन्य कोई
कोई (कृपया ��� करे) ......................) (कृपया ��� करे)......................)

40. Were you in the same room as the owners of the unit 45. Where did the CWC send you? (आपको
where you worked? CWC/ ब�चों के कोट� ने कहाँ भेजा)
आप जहां काम कर रहे थे वहाँ के मािलक भी एक ही
कमरे में रहते थे? a. Children Home (Name of Home) (बालगृह
(बालगृह का नाम)
a. Yes (हाँ) b. Handed over to parent/relatives (माता - िपता /
b. No (नहीं) िर�तेदारों को सौंप िदया)
c. Handed over to owner of unit where you
41.Were you in a room where there were other worked (आप जहां काम करते थे वहाँ के मािलक
accused / criminals? को सौंप िदया)
(जहाँ अन्य आरोपी थे उसी कमरे मे आप कों रखा था d. Any other (please specify) …………… (अन्य कोई
क्या?) (कृपया ��� करे)..................)

c. Yes (हाँ) 46. How many times were you produced before
d. No (नहीं) CWC? (आपको िकतने बार CWC/ ब�चों के कोट� मे लाया
गया ?)
42. After the proceedings were completed at a. Never (कभी नहीं)
the police station, where were you sent? b. One time (िसफ� एक बार)
(पुिलस �टेशन की सारी कारवाही होने के बाद आपको c. Two time (दो बार)
कहाँ भेजा गया?) d. More than 3 times (तीन बार से जादा)

a. Children Home (Name of Home) (बालगृह का नाम) 47. Have you talked with CWC MEMBERS?
b. Stayed at police station (पुिलस �टेशन मे
ह� �कवाया)
c. Handed over to parent/relatives (माता - िपता /

88
 (क्या आपने कभी CWC/ ब�चों के कोट� के सद�यों से 49. How many days did you stay at the children home?
बाते की है?) (बालगृह मे आप िकतने िदन थे?)
a. Never (कभी नहीं) a. A day (एक िदन)
b. One time (िसफ� एक बार) b. One week (एक स�ताह)
c. Two time (दो बार) c. One fortnight (एक रात के िलए)
d. More than 3 time (तीन बार से जादा) d. One month (एक मिहना)
e. Each time I was brought before them (हर e. 2 months to 4 months (दो से चार महीने)
बार, जब भी मुझे उनके सामने लाया गया था) f. 4 months to 6 months (चार से छे. महीने)
g. 7 months to 1 year (सात महीने से एक
48. Please tell us about the experience with the CWC? साल तक)
(Probe: were they friendly, did they listen to you, did they h. Between 1 and 2 years (एक और दो साल
encourage you to speak to them, did you go speak to them के बीच)
on your own?) CWC/ ब�चों के कोट� के सद�यो के साथ i. More than 2 years (दो साल से जादा)
आपके अनुभव के बारे में बताएं ? ( जांच: आपसे �यार j. Never went there (कभी वहा नहीं गया)
से खुलकर पेश आये, आपकी बाते �यान से सुन रहे थे,
आप उनसे खुलकर बात कर सके ऐसा माहोल बनाया
गया था, बात िकसने शु� की)

50. Facilities at children home (बालगृह मे उपल�ध सुिवधाए)

Sr. No. Statement Positive responses Negative responses Neutral or no response

तट�थ ��तिक्रया या
तपशील सकारा�मक ��तिक्रया ऩकारा�मक ��तिक्रया
कोई जवाब नहीं

1 Quality of food Good अ�छा Not good अ�छा नही कोई जवाब नहीं
भोजन की गुणव�ता
2 Condition of Clothes Clean साफ़ Unclean गंदा Did not receive
कपड़े की हालत नहीं िमला
3 Mattress/bedsheets Clean साफ़ Unclean गंदा Did not receive
चादर नहीं िमला
4 Under garments Clean साफ़ Unclean गंदा Did not receive
अंतर व�� नहीं िमला
5 Recreational activities Liked पसंद Disliked ऩापसंद Did not attend
मनोरंजन गितिवधी नहीं गया/ सुिवधा नही थी

* 6 Educational activities Liked पसंद Disliked ऩापसंद Did not attend

शै��णक गितिवधी नहीं गया/ सुिवधा नही थी

7 The condition of the

children’s home Clean साफ़ Unclean गंदा कोई जवाब नहीं
बालगृह की हालत

89
51. Who took your statement when you were in the a. Father (िपता)
children’s home? आप बालगृह में आपका बयान िकसने b. Mother (माँ)
िलया? c. Relative (िर�तेदार) (कृपया ��� करे)
d. Owner of the unit where I was working (जहां, मैं काम
a. Probationer officer (पिरवी�ााधीन अिधकारी) कर रहा था उसका मािलक/या अन्य)(��� करे)
b. Social Worker (समािजक काय�कता�) e. Villagers (गाँववाले)
c. Police (पुिलस) f. Any other (please specify) ………… (अन्य कोई
d. Any other (please specify) ……… (अन्य कोई (कृपया ��� करे) ......................)
(कृपया ��� करे) ......................)

52. Did anyone help you deal with your feelings? Did you 57. After all the processes were completed where you
talk to anyone about your feelings when at the children’s did you go? (सारी �ािक्रया पूरी होने के बाद आप कहाँ
home? गये?)
आपको जो महसूस हो रहा था उसके बारे मे बालगृह
मे िकसीसे बातचीत हुयी थी क्या? िकसीने मदत की a. Home in the village (गांव मे)ं
थी क्या? b. Home in Mumbai (मुब ं ई मे मेरे घर)
c. Again at work place (िफर काम के स्थान पर)
a. Yes (हाँ) d. At relative place (िर�तेदारों के जगह पर)
b. No (नहीं) e. Any other (please specify) ……………… (अन्य कोई
(कृपया ��� करे) ......................)
53. If, yes, who was it? (do not read the options, fit the
child’s answer into these) 58. Did you/your parent get any monetary help from the
अगर हाँ, वह कौन थे? (िवक�प पढ़ाना नहीं है ब�चा Children’s home when you were sent back home? (आप
जो जबाब दे उसे िन�न िलखीत पया�य पर िटक करे) जब घर वापस जा रहे थे तो बालगृह से आपको कोई
आिथ�क मदत िमली थी?)
a. Bade sir/madam (superintendent) (बड़े महोदय /
महोदया ( अधी�ाक ) a. Yes (हाँ)
b. Chotte sir/court mein le jaane wale sir (PO)(Chotte सर b. No (नहीं)
अदालत में ले जाने वाले ��मान (पीओ )
c. Didi/bhaiya (social workers) (दीदी भय़्या, समाज 59. If yes, which of the following did you get?
काय�कता�) अगर हाँ, तो िन�न में से कौनसी मदत िमली?
d. Any other (pl specify) (अन्य कोई (कृपया ���
करे) ......................) a. Money for travelling home (pl specify
amount) (घर जाने के या�ा के िलए (कृपया िकतनी
54. Did you meet any doctor or nurse when you were at राशी िमली वो बताये)
the children’s home? b. National Saving Certificate (NSC) (pl specify amount
जभी आप बालगृह में थे तभी िकसी डॉक्टर और नस� (रा��ीय बचत �ामाणप� (कृपया िकतनी राशी क़ा वो
को िमले? बताये)
c. Any other (pl specify) (अन्य कोई (कृपया ���
a. Yes (हाँ) करे) ......................)
b. No (नहीं)
60.If National Saving Certificate (NSC), who has the certifi-
55. If yes, how was their interaction with you? cate currently? (अगर रा��ीय बचत �ामाणप� िमला है,ं
(अगर हाँ, आप के साथ उनकी बातचीत कैसे थी?) तो वत�मान में

56. Who took your custody from children home? (बालगृह

से आप का ताबा िकसने िलया?)

90
 वह �ामाण प� िकसके पास है?) a. Corporator (नगर सेवक)
b. Collector (कलेकट् र)
a. Father (िपता) c. Labour department (�म िवभाग)
b. Mother (माँ) d. MLA (िवधायक)*
c. Relative (िर�तेदार) e. MP(सांसद)*
d. Owner of the unit where I was working
(उस दुकान का मािलक जहां, मैं काम कर रहा था) JUSTICE QUESTIONS (न्यायीक सवाल)
h. Villagers (गाँववाले)
e. Did not get from children’s home (बालगृह से 66. Generally, my experience is that the world is a just
नहीं िमला) place for children.
f. Do not know (नहीं जानते) जादा तर, मेरे अनुभव दुिनया ब�चों के िलए ऐसी
g. Any other (please specify) ……………… (अन्य कोई जगह है जहाँ ब�चों कों न्याय िमलता है .
(कृपया ��� करे) ......................) a. Strongly Agree (पूरी तरह सहमत)
b. Agree (सहमत)
61. Did the owner take certificate (NSC) money c. Neutral (पता नही )
from you or your family back? d. Disagree (सहमत नहीं हू)ँ
(क्या आपके पास से या आपके पिरवार से रा��ीय e. Strongly Disagree (पूरी तरह सहमत नही हू)ँ
बचत �ामाणप� या कोई पैसा मािलकने वापस िलया है,ं
67. Do you think it is fair for parents to make their chil-
a. Yes (हां) dren work instead of sending them to school?
b. No (ना) पालक ने ब�चों कों स्कल ु भेजने के बजह उसे काम
c. Don’t Know (नहीं जानते) करने के िलए मजबूर करवाना क्या आप कों ये सही
लगता है? ं
Rehabilitation (पुनव�सन)
a. If yes, why? (अगर हाँ, तो कारण बताये)
62. Once you reached back home, did you get any help in b. If no, why? (अगर नहीं, तो कारण बताये
getting admission in school? घर वापस आने के बाद, तो
�कूल में दाखला करने वक्त आपको िकसी तरह की मदद 68. When you were working, were you the only working
िमली? child in your family?
जब आप काम कर रहे थे , क्या आपके पिरवार से
a. Yes (हाँ) आप अकेले ब�चे थे जो काम कर रहे थे?
b. No (नहीं)
a. Yes (हाँ)
63. If yes, pl tell us who helped? (अगर हाँ तो b. No (SKIP to #69) (नहीं) (सीधे ��न क़्रमांक #69
कृपया बातये िकसने मदत की)(एक से अिधक उ�तर पूछ)े
िजतने योग्य है उसे िटक करे)ं
a. Corporator (िनगम – सद�य) 69. If yes (#67), did you think this was a fair
b. Local school teachers (�थानीय िवद्यालय के situation?
िश�ाकों) अगर हाँ (#67) , तो क्या आप कों यह सही लगता है? ं
c. NGO �वयं सेवीसं�था
d. Any other (िकसी भी अन्य) a. If yes, why? (यिद हाँ, तो कारण बताये
b. If no, why? (यिद नहीं, तो कारण बताये)
64. Did anyone offer your mother or father a
job? िकसी ने आपके माँ-िपताजी को काम के िलए पूछा
था क्या?
a. Yes (हाँ)
b. No (नहीं)

65.If yes, who? (अगर हाँ, तो िकसने)

91
70. Did your employer treat you badly? (काम पर आपके 75. Are poor people responsible for their own misfortune
साथ कोई बुरा व्यवहार हुआ था क्या?) and poverty? आपकी राय मे जो गरीब हैं क्या वाे अपनी
a. Yes (हाँ) गरीबी और दुभा�गय
् के िजम्मद े ार हैं ?
b. No (नहीं)
a. Yes, because ________________
71. When children are treated badly by adults, is it just for (हाँ, क्योंकी________________)
them to fight back? b. No, because_________________
बड़े जब ब�चों के साथ बुरा व्यवहार करते हैं तो क्या (नहीं क्योंकी______________)
ये सही हैं की ब�चे उनके िव�ध लढे?
76. When poor people are exploited by rich people, is it
a. Yes, because__________________ just for them to fight with the rich people?
(हाँ, क्योंिक___________) जभी जब गिरबों का अिमरो से शोषण होता है तो
b. No, because___________________ गरीबों का उनसे लढना झगडना सही क्या?
(नहीं, क्योंिक__________)
a. Yes, because______________________
(हाँ, क्योंकी________________)
72. Have you ever felt like physically/verbally fighting with b. No, because_________________________
others who are more privileged than you? (नहीं क्योंकी______________)
िजन ब�चों के पास आपसे जादा सुख सिुव�ााए हैं उनके
साथ कभी आपने मारपीट या झगडा करने की इ�छा हुयी
क्या?) Thank you!

a. Many times. (कई बार)

b. Often (अक्सर)
c. Sometimes. (कभी कभी)
d. Rarely (शायद ही कभी)
e. Never (कभी नहीं)

73. Have you ever been in situations where you have

physically/verbally fought with others who are more privi-
leged than you?
िजन ब�चोंं के पास आपसे जादा सुख सिुव�ााए हैं उनके
साथ कभी आपने मारपीट या झगडा िकया
क्या?)

a. Many times. (कई बार)

b. Often (अक्सर)
c. Sometimes. (कभी कभी)
d. Rarely (शायद ही कभी)
e. Never (कभी नहीं)

74. When you see other children living a comfortable life,

how do you feel? (Please write the response in detail)
जब आप दूसरे ब�चो कों सुख सुिवधा भरी िंज ं द
ं गी जीते
देखते है तब आप कों कैसा महसूस होता हैं ?
(कृपया िव�तार मे बताये)

92
 ANNEXURE 3
Focus Group Discussion Guide
for Community Members

93
Quantitative data from Community Members

1 Type of industries in your community (can tick more than one)

Sr. No. Type of Industry (Only hazardous one) Approx no of each in your area

a Zari work
b Hotel or other eatery
c Leather factory (belts, bags and footwear)
d Puris (for panipuri) making industry
e Enterprise that makes and delivers food in tiffin dabbas
f Rag picking
g Metal work (making bangles, ornaments)
h Making gold ornaments
i Any other (please specify)
j Total

2 Status of workshop/factory/workplace

Sr. No. Status of workshop/factory/workplace Approx no of each in your area

a Own
b Rented
c Rent free
d Any other (please specify):_______

3 Type of employees

Sr. No. No of employees Approx Nos of industries in your area

a Employ mostly adults

b Employ mostly children
c Employ both adults and children

94
 4 Type of workshop/factory/workplace

Sr. No. Type of workshop / factory / workplace Approx no of each in your area

a Kuccha or Temporary House: Houses made from made of

plastic sheets and asbestos/tin sheets or tiles as roofs.

b Pucca or Permanent House: Houses made from bricks

cement, concrete and tiles.

c Semi pucca or Semi- permanent houses: Houses with walls

made of bricks or other permanent materials but having
temporary roofing

d Any other (please specify):___________

5 As per your knowledge how many workshops have a license?

Sr. No. No. of workshops No. of workshops No. of workshops whose Total no of
with licenses without licenses license status is not known workshops

95
Guideline for Focus Group with Community Members

1 Can you please tell us a about your knowledge of the laws that should be followed when renting out premises
for factory/workshop (probe for knowledge on legal age of employment, residential premises cannot be leased
out for commercial purposes, contract should be signed between the owner and renter)

2 Why in your opinion do people employ children?

3 Why do you think children work in these workshops/factories? Please explain your answer with examples based
on your experience.

4 Many children migrate to cities like Mumbai for work. They are usually not allowed to meet and interact with
the residents of the community. All this makes them more vulnerable to abuse both by the owners and adult
co-workers (physical, verbal and sexual). What can the community do to ensure the safety and protection of the
children? (Imp: please ensure that all participants give their opinion for this)

5 Do you think raids are the best way of rescuing children from the factories and workshops? Please answer with
examples/based on your experience. (Imp: please ensure that all participants give their opinion for this)

6 Were you involved in the raid or the processes after the raid? Please provide details on what your involvement
and role. (probe about role in the raid, as a witness, experiences of interaction with the CWC and/or court,
custody of children)

7 Do you think the landlords should be punished for renting out the premises to someone who employs children?
Please answer with examples/based on your experience.

8 Do you think that the middle men/brokers involved in child labor should also be punished? Please answer with
examples/based on your experience.

9 What precautions can be taken by employers to make sure that they are not employing children?
(Imp: please ensure that all participants give their opinion for this)

10 What do you think community leaders like you can do to stop child labour? What support do you need to be
able to do this?

11 Would you be willing to put a no child labour clause in your rent agreements? Would you encourage others
(neighbours and friends) to do the same? Please answer with examples/based on your experience.

12 What steps can be taken by local community residents, NGOs and government to reduce the involvement
of children in child labour? (Imp: please ensure that all participants give their opinion for this)

Thank you!

96
 ANNEXURE 4
Unstructured Interview Guide
for Owners of Commercial Units

97
Quantitative data from Owners

1 Type of industry (all are hazardous industries)

Sr. No. Type of Industry Current Previously

k Zari work
l Hotel or other eatery
m Leather factory (belts, bags and footwear)
n Puris (for panipuri) making industry
o Enterprise that makes and delivers food in tiffin dabbas
p Rag picking
q Metal work (making bangles, ornaments)
r Making gold ornaments
s Any other (please specify)

2 Status of workshop/factory/workplace

Sr. No. Status of workshop / factory / workplace Current Previously

e Own
f Rented
g Rent free
h Any other (please specify):_______

3 Type of workshop/factory/workplace

Sr. No. Type of workshop / factory / workplace Current Previously

a. Kuccha or Temporary House: Houses made from made of

plastic sheets and asbestos/tin sheets or tiles as roofs.

b. Pucca or Permanent House: Houses made from bricks,

cement, concrete and tiles.

98
 c. Semi pucca or Semi- permanent houses: Houses with walls
made of bricks or other permanent materials but having
temporary roofing

d. Any other (please specify):___________

4 How many employees do you have?

Sr. No. No of employees Current Previously

d Adults
e Children (less than 18 years of age)

5A How many hours do they work every day?

Sr. No. Hours of work/day Current Previously

a Adults
b Children (less than 18 years of age)

5B How is the payment

Current Previously
Sr. No. Type of payment
Adult Children Adult Children

a Weekly
b Fortnightly
c Monthly

6 Is there any provision for incentives? Pl provide details for each of the initiatives mentioned.

For Adults For Children

99
7 Facilities at work

Current Previously
Sr. No. Facilities
Adult Children Adult Children

a Break every 3 hours

b Tea
c Water to drink
d Weekly off (pl specify day)
e Education/ classes
f Health check up with doctors

8 Food (Weekly- W/ Fortnightly- F and Monthly- M)

Current Previously
Sr. No. No. of meals/ day
Adult Children Adult Children

a One
b Two
c Three
Type of food
d Eggs W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
e Meat W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
f Fish W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
g Leafy vegetables W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
h Fruits W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
i Dal W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
j Chapati W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M
k Rice W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M W/F/M

100
 9 Frequency of giving clothes

Current Previously
Sr. No. Facilities
Adult Children Adult Children

a Once a month
b Once in 3 months
c Once in 6 months
d Once in a year
e No provision for giving clothes

77 Recreation facilities

Current Previously
Sr. No. Facilities
Adult Children Adult Children

a Television
b Radio/Music system
c DVD/VCD player
d Cards
e Books
f Magazines
g Go for outings/movies
h Time to do whatever they want
i Time for discussions
j Any other

78 What is your monthly profit (after taking out all your costs)
a Current _______________________
b Previously ___________________

101
79 Do you have a license?

Sr. No. License Current Previously

a Yes
b No

80 Who issued it?

Sr. No. Issuing the license Current Previously

a BMC
b Labour Department
c Both

81 Did anyone inspect your workshop?

Sr. No. Inspection Current Previously

a Yes
b No

82 If yes, who?

Sr. No. Issuing the license Current Previously

a BMC
b Labour Department
c Police

102
 83 Details regarding the child’s hours of work, years of work and payment

Sr. No. Number of years of work Hours per week Payment

a Less than 1 year

b 1 – 2 years
c 2 – 4 years
d More than 4 years

84 Age of entry of children (please round off to closest year)

Sr. No. Age at entry Number of children

a Less than 6 years

b 6 – 8 years
c 9 – 10 years
d 11 – 12 year
e 13- 14 years
f 15- 16 years
g 17 – 18 years

103
Guideline for Un-Structured Interviews with Owners

• Challenges faced (now and previously; difficulty in employing labour, problems due to the decrease in employment
of children, decrease in profit margins, marketing products, change in type of industry/market needs)

• Benefits of employing children to factory/workshop owner

• Processes involved in procuring children to work in factory/workshop (states where the children come from,
how they reach Mumbai- who comes with them, mode of transport used, money exchanged- who is paid
approximate amount

• Steps taken to ensure safety and protection of working children - to safeguard them from abuse (physical, verbal
and sexual) from co-workers.

• Opportunities given to children to enjoy their childhood (education, play, entertainment, keep in touch with
their families)

• Process followed during a raid as well as the number of times your workshop raided? (probe in terms of receiving
prior information about the raid, details of the informant, details of the processes of the raid, who was arrested,
when the owner was arrested, any violence meted out by the police, whom did you inform about the child being
taken into CWC custody)

• Post arrest proceedings (probe in terms of number of days held in custody, when bail was given, bail amount,
type of bail, time elapsed before charge sheet was filed,

• City civil Court proceedings (when was the first hearing, how many appearances, current status)

• CWC proceedings (number of appearances, CWC penalty, details of NSC certificate, custody of child)

• Labour court/department proceedings (notice from labour court, number of appearances, revoking of license -by
whom, reissue- by whom, problems and challenges faced in this process, inspections by labour officer/BMC post raid, )

• Interaction with child’s parents (during the period of employment of the child, immediately after the raid, after the
child was taken into CWC custody, after child was sent back with parents)

• Awareness on laws related to child labour

• Status of your factory in the past five years (details in terms of number of raids, protection money paid- whom and
how much, re-employment of children- reasons for that, problems faced with owner of workshop premises if rented,
rent agreement/contract)

• Punishment for middle men/brokers.

• Precautions owners can take to ensure that children are not employed (such as getting an age proof).

• Owner’s personal commitment to anti child labour practices.

•Steps that can be taken by local community residents, NGOs and government to reduce the involvement of children
in child labour.

Thank you!

104
 ANNEXURE 5
Table from Chapter 2

105
Table 4 Distribution of Respondents across Gender

Sr. No. Girls Boys Total

No % No % No %

Grand Total 07 8.24% 78 91.76% 85 100.00%

Table 5 Distribution of Respondents across Gender and Age

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Age
No % No % No %

1 9 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 2 2.35%

2 10 0 0.00% 4 5.13% 4 4.71%
3 11 1 14.29% 11 14.10% 12 14.12%
4 12 1 14.29% 16 20.51% 17 20.00%
5 13 5 71.43% 16 20.51% 21 24.71%
6 14 0 0.00% 10 12.82% 10 Previously
11.76%
7 15 0 0.00% 10 12.82% 10 11.76%
8 16 0 0.00% 7 8.97% 7 8.24%
9 17 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 2 2.35%
Grand Total 7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N=85

Table 6 Distribution of Respondents across Gender and Occupation

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Age
No % No % No %

1 Hotel 2 28.57% 17 21.79% 19 22.35%

2 Leather Factory 0 0.00% 14 17.95% 14 16.47%
3 Zari work 0 0.00% 13 16.67% 14 16.47%
4 Street vending 0 0.00% 10 12.82% 10 11.76%
5 Panipooris 1 14.29% 6 7.69% 7 8.24%
6 Metal work 0 0.00% 4 5.13% 4 Previously
4.71%
7 Ragpicking 3 42.86% 4 5.13% 6 7.06%
8 Making and delivering 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 2 2.35%
tiffin dabbas

106
 Girls Boys Total
Sr. No. Age
No % No % No %

9 Begging 1 14.29% 2 2.56% 3 3.53%

10 Making gold ornaments 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 2 2.35%
11 Not applicable 0 0.00% 4 5.13% 4 4.71%
Grand Total 7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N=85

Table 7 Distribution of Respondent Children across Gender and State of Origin

Sr. No. State Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Assam 0 1 1 1.18%
2 Bihar 3 28 31 36.47%
3 Gujrat 0 1 1 1.18%
4 Maharashtra 1 0 1 1.18%
5 Rajasthan 0 8 8 9.41%
6 UP 3 32 35 41.18%
7 West Bengal 0 3 3 3.53%
8 Jharkhand 0 5 5 5.88%
Grand Total 7 78 85 100.00%

N=85

107
Table 8 Distribution of Siblings of Respondent Children across Age and Gender

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Age
No % No % No %

1 3 1 1.15% 2 2.35% 3 1.74%

2 4 0 0.00% 1 1.18% 1 0.58%
3 5 4 4.60% 0 0.00% 4 2.33%
4 6 4 4.60% 3 3.53% 7 4.07%
5 7 9 10.34% 6 7.06% 15 8.72%
6 8 7 8.05% 9 10.59% 16 9.30%
7 9 14 16.09% 2 2.35% 16 9.30%
8 10 9 10.34% 15 17.65% 24 13.95%
9 11 8 9.20% 13 15.29% 21 12.21%
10 12 6 6.90% 10 11.76% 16 9.30%
11 13 10 11.49% 6 7.06% 16 9.30%
12 14 3 3.45% 5 5.88% 8 4.65%
13 15 3 3.45% 5 5.88% 8 4.65%
14 16 4 4.60% 1 1.18% 5 2.91%
15 17 1 1.15% 2 2.35% 3 1.74%
16 18 1 1.15% 4 4.71% 5 2.91%
17 19 1 1.15% 0 0.00% 1 0.58%
18 20 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
19 21 0 0.00% 1 1.18% 1 0.58%
20 22 2 2.30% 0 0.00% 2 1.16%
87 100.00% 85 100.00% 172 100.00%

N= 172 number of siblings of respondent children

108
 Table 9 Educational Status of Siblings of Respondent Children

Sr. No. Age Girls Boys Total

1 Never been to school 44 50.57% 44 51.76% 88 51.16%

2 Do not know 15 17.24% 11 12.94% 26 15.12%
3 Currently studying 28 32.18% 30 35.29% 58 33.72%
87 100.00% 85 100.00% 172 100.00%

N= 172 number of siblings of respondent children

Table10 Educational Status of Siblings of Respondent Children

Sisters Brothers Total

Sr. No. Standard
No % No % No %

1 1 1 3.57% 0 0.00% 1 1.72%

2 2 2 7.14% 6 20.00% 8 13.79%
3 3 7 25.00% 1 3.33% 8 13.79%
4 4 3 10.71% 6 20.00% 9 15.52%
5 5 2 7.14% 4 13.33% 6 10.34%
6 6 4 14.29% 5 16.67% 9 15.52%
7 7 5 17.86% 2 6.67% 7 12.07%
8 8 2 7.14% 1 3.33% 3 5.17%
9 9 1 3.57% 2 6.67% 3 5.17%
10 10 1 3.57% 2 6.67% 3 5.17%
11 11 0 0.00% 1 3.33% 1 1.72%
Grand Total 28 100.00% 30 100.00% 58 100.00%

N= 58 number of siblings of respondent children who were currently studying

109
Table 11 Employment Status of Siblings of Respondent Children

Sisters Brothers Total

Sr. No. Working
No % No % No %

1 Yes 4 4.60% 3 3.53% 7 4.07%

2 No 83 95.40% 82 96.47% 165 95.93%
Grand Total 87 100.00% 85 100.00% 172 100.00%

N= 172 number of siblings of respondent children

Table 12 Person with whom Respondent Child is currently residing

Sr. No. Living with No. of Children Percentage

1 Parents 43 50.59%
2 Owner 36 42.35%
3 Relatives 6 7.06%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N= 172 number of siblings of respondent children

Table 13 Details on parents who live with the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Living with No. Percent

1 Both Parents live with child 23 53.49%

2 Only Father lives with child 13 30.23%
3 Only Mother lives with child 7 16.28%
Grand Total 43 100%

N = 43 number of respondent children who live with their parents

110
 Table 14 Parents of Respondent Children

Sr. No. Parent Living Deceased Did not Tell Total

1. Father 71 9 5 85
2. Mother 77 3 5 85

N = 85

Table 15 Educational Status of Parents of Respondent Children

None Primary Upper Secondary Do not know Total

Sr. No. Parent Primary & more
No % No % No % No % No % No %

1 Father 11 15.49% 2 2.82% 3 4.23% 2 2.82% 53 74.65% 71 100.00%

2 Mother 29 37.66% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 48 62.34% 77 100.00%

Grand Total 40 27.03% 2 1.35% 3 2.03% 2 1.35% 101 68.24% 148 100.00%

N = 71 for Fathers and 77 for Mothers

Table 16 Employment Status of Parents

Yes No Total
Sr. No. Parent
No % No % No %

1. Father 31 43.66% 40 56.34% 71 100.00%

2. Mother 6 7.79% 71 92.21% 77 100.00%
Grand Total 37 25.00% 111 75.00% 148 100.00%

N = 71 for Fathers and 77 for Mothers

Table 17 Details of Sectors of Employment of Parents

Sr. No. Working Agriculture Casual Construction Domestic Do not know Total
Labour Work

1. Father 1 11 8 0 11 31
2. Mother 1 0 0 2 3 6
Grand Total 2 11 8 2 14 37

N = 71 for Fathers and 77 for Mothers

111
Table 18 Details of house

Sr. No. Details of house No. of Children Percentage

1 Rented 39 90.70%
2 On street 2 4.65%
3 Own house 2 4.65%
Grand Total 43 100.00%

N= 43 Respondent children who live with their parents

Table 19 Type of Rented House in which Respondent Children live with their Parents

Sr. No. Type of house No. of Children Percentage

1 Kuccha 23 58.97%
2 Pucca 8 20.51%
3 Semi-pucca 8 20.51%
Grand Total 39 100.00%

N = 39 Respondent children who lived in rented houses with their parents

Table 20 No of rooms in the Houses where Respondent Children Reside

Sr. No. No.r of Rooms No. of Children Percentage

1 NA 2 2.35%
2 1 59 69.41%
3 2 24 28.24%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 21: Facilities available in the Houses where Respondent Children Reside

Sr. No. No.r of Rooms No. of Children

1 Kitchen 27.06%
2 Bathing area 64.71%

112
 Table 22 Availability of a separate Kitchen in Residences of Respondent Children

Sr. No. No.r of Rooms No. of Children Percentage

1 Yes 23 27.06%
2 No 60 70.59%
3 NA 2 2.35%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 23 Availability of a Bathing Area in the Residences of Respondent Children

Sr. No. BATHING AREA No. of Children Percentage

1 Small area in house 55 64.71%

2 Small kuccha area outside 16 18.82%
the house
3 Open 14 16.47%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 24 No of Types of Toilet facilities available to the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Toilets No. of Children Percentage

1 Common Toilet 50 58.82%

2 Toilet in house 1 1.18%
3 In Open 32 37.65%
4 NA 2 2.35%
Grand Total 85 100.00%
N= 85

113
Table 25 Availability of water for drinking, cooking, bathing and cleaning to the respondent Children

Sr. No. Use of water Govt. tap Hand Pump Well Tanker

1 For drinking and cooking 64.71% 34.12% 25.88% 9.41%

2 For bathing and cleaning 67.06% 34.12% 25.88% 5.88%

N = 85

Table 26 Source of Water for Drinking and Cooking

Source of water for

Sr. No. drinking and cooking No. of Children Percentage

1 Government tap 55 64.71%

2 Hand pump 29 34.12%
3 Well 22 25.88%
4 Tanker 8 9.41%
Grand Total 114 134.12%

N= 85

Table 27 Source of Water for Bathing and Cleaning

Source of water for

Sr. No. bathing and cleaning No. of Children Percentage

1 Government tap 57 67.06%

2 Hand pump 29 34.12%
3 Well 22 25.88%
4 Tanker 5 5.88%
Grand Total 113 132.94%

N= 85

114
 Table 28 Quality of Water for Drinking and Cooking

Quality of water for drinking Quality of water for bathing

Sr. No. and cooking Percentage and cleaning Percentage

1 Clear 82.35% Clear 90.59%

2 Muddy 2.35% Muddy 2.35%
3 Smelly 12.94% Smelly 4.71%
4 Yellowish 15.29% Yellowish 8.24%
5 Particles floating 7.06% Particles floating 5.88%

Table 29 Quality of Water for Drinking and Cooking

Quality of water for

Sr. No. drinking and cooking No. of Children Percentage

1 Clear 70 82.35%
2 Muddy 2 2.35%
3 Smelly 11 12.94%
4 Yellowish 13 15.29%
5 Particles floating 6 7.06%
Grand Total 102 120.00%

N= 85

Table 30 Quality of Water for Bathing and Cleaning

Sr. No. Quality of Water No. of Children Percentage

1 Clear 77 90.59%
2 Muddy 2 2.35%
3 Smelly 4 4.71%
4 Has particles 7 8.24%
5 Yellowish 5 5.88%
Grand Total 95 111.76%

N= 85

115
Table 31 Basic amenities available cleaning to the respondent Children

Sr. No. Basic Amenities Percentage

1 Electricity 94.12%
2 Ration Card 51.76%

Table 32 No of Respondent Children whose residences had Electricity

Sr. No. Electricity No. of Children Percentage

1 Yes 80 94.12%
2 No 3 3.53%
3 NA 2 2.35%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 33 No of Respondent Children who had Ration Cards in Mumbai

Sr. No. Ration Card No. of Children Percentage

1. Yes 44 51.76%
2. No 34 40.00%
3. Do not know 7 8.24%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 34 Type of Ration Cards

Sr. No. Type of Ration Card No. of Children Percentage

1. Yellow 15 34.09%
2. Orange 7 15.91%
3. White 1 2.27%
4. Do not know 21 47.73%
Grand Total 44 100.00%

N = 39 Respondent children who lived in rented houses with their parents

116
 Table 35 Educational Status of Respondent Children

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Standard
No % No % No %

1 2 0 0.00% 4 5.13% 4 4.71%

2 3 0 0.00% 8 10.26% 8 9.41%
3 4 3 42.86% 14 17.95% 17 20.00%
4 5 1 14.29% 10 12.82% 11 12.94%
5 6 2 28.57% 5 6.41% 7 8.24%
6 7 0 0.00% 4 5.13% 4 4.71%
7 8 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 2 2.35%
8 9 0 0.00% 1 1.28% 1 1.18%
9 Do not know 0 0.00% 3 3.85% 3 3.53%
10 Never been to school 1 14.29% 27 34.62% 28 32.94%
Grand Total 7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 36 Current Status of Respondent Children

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Current Status
No % No % No %

1 Working 5 71.43% 60 76.92% 65 76.47%

2 Working and studying 2 28.57% 14 17.95% 16 18.82%
3 Studying 0 0.00% 1 1.28% 1 1.18%
4 Neither 0 0.00% 3 3.85% 3 3.53%
7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N= 85

117
Table 37 Medium of Instruction in School Attended by Respondent Children

Sr. No. Medium Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Hindi 2 9 10 62.50%
2 Marathi 0 2 2 12.50%
3 Urdu 0 4 4 25.00%
Grand Total 2 14 16 100.00%

N= 16 no of respondent children attending municipal schools

Table 38 Number of Respondent Children who faced Problems in School

Sr. No. Faced Problems Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Yes 1 10 11 64.71%
2 No 1 5 6 35.29%
Grand Total 2 15 17 100.00%

N = 17 total number of children who attended schools (16 municipal + 01 private)

Table 39 Medium of Instruction in School where Respondent Children faced Problems

Sr. No. Medium Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Hindi 1 9 10 90.19%
2 Marathi 0 1 1 9.09%
Grand Total 1 11 16 100.00%

N = 11 total number of children who faced problems in schools

Table 40 Details of Problems faced by Respondent Children

Sr. No. Medium Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Access and infrastructure 0 4 4 36.36%

2 Difficult to study after a long break 0 2 2 18.18%
3
Teacher related 0 8 8 72.73%
4 Difficult to understand what is being taught 1 2 3 27.27%
Grand Total 1 16 17 154.55%

N = 11 total number of children who faced problems in schools

118
 Table 41 Assistance Required for Continuing Education for those who are Studying

Sr. No. Help Required Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Infrastructure 0 1 1 6.67%
2 Books 0 5 5 33.33%
3 Food 0 2 2 13.33%
4 Day care for siblings 0 1 1 6.67%
5 Financial help 0 6 6 40.00%
6 Good teachers 1 6 7 46.67%
7 Tuition classes 0 2 2 13.33%
8 Uniforms 0 2 2 13.33%
Grand Total 1 25 26 173.33%

N= 15 No of respondent children who stated that they needed help to continue with their

Table 42 Assistance Required for Continuing Education for those who are not Studying

Sr. No. Help Required Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Not interested 1 14 15 22.06%

2 Needs Assistance 1 13 14 20.59%
3 Provide books 1 13 14 20.59%
4 Economic Assistance 0 11 11 16.18%
5
Provide teacher 0 8 8 11.76%
6 Provide tuitions 1 5 6 8.82%
7 Did not tell 1 4 5 7.35%
8
Need Opportunity 0 5 5 7.35%
9 Assistance for enrollment in school 0 3 3 4.41%
10 Better job for parent 0 2 2 2.94%
11 Initiate classes after working hours 0 2 2 2.94%
12 Day care for siblings 0 2 2 2.94%
13 Place to study in peace 0 1 1 1.47%
14 Vocational classes 0 1 1 1.47%
15 Initiate an 'Earn and learn' scheme 0 1 1 1.47%
Grand Total 5 85 90 132.35%

N= 68 No of respondent children who are not currently studying

119
Table 43 Type of Health Facility Available to the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Type of Health Facility No. of Children Percentage

1 PHC 14 16.47%
2 CHC 41 48.24%
3 Government Hospital 71 83.53%
4 Private Clinic 40 47.06%
5 Private Hospital 14 16.47%
Grand Total 180 211.76%

N = 85

Table 44 Distance of health facilities from resident to the Respondent Children

Govt. Pvt. Pvt.

Sr. No. Distance PHC CHC Hospital Clinic Hospital

1 1 km or less 85.71% 90.24% 22.54% 82.50% 57.14%

2 1- 3 km 14.29% 7.32% 46.48% 15.00% 21.43%
3 3 - 5 km 0.00% 0.00% 12.68% 0.00% 0.00%
4 More than 5 km 0.00% 2.44% 11.27% 0.00% 0.00%
5 Don’t Know 0.00% 0.00% 7.04% 2.50% 21.43%

N= 85

Table 45 Distance of PHC from Residence of the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Distance No. of Children Percentage

1 1km or less 12 85.71%

2 2km 2 14.29%
Grand Total 14 100.00%

N = 14 no of children for whom a PHC was available.

120
 Table 46 Distance of CHC from Residence of the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Distance No. of Children Percentage

1 1km or less 37 90.24%

2 1 to 2km 3 7.32%
3 More than 5 km 1 2.44%
Grand Total 41 100.00%

N= 85

Table 47 Distance of Government/Municipal Hospital from Residence of the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Distance No. of Children Percentage

1 1 km 16 22.54%
2 1- 3 km 33 46.48%
3 3 - 5 km 9 12.68%
4 More than 5 km 8 11.27%
5 Don’t Know 5 7.04%
Grand Total 71 100.00%

N = 71 no of children for whom a government/municipal hospital was available

Table 48 Distance of Private Clinic from Residence of the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Distance No. of Children Percentage

1 1 km 33 82.50%
2 1- 3 km 6 15.00%
3 Don’t Know 1 2.50%
Grand Total 40 100.00%

N = 40 no of children for whom a private clinic was available

121
Table 49 Distance of Private Hospital from Residence of the Respondent Children

Sr. No. Distance No. of Children Percentage

1 1 km 8 57.14%
2 1- 3 km 3 21.43%
3 Don’t Know 3 21.43%
Grand Total 14 100.00%

N = 14 no of children for whom a private hospital was available

Table 50 Respondent Children covered under the RSBY

Sr. No. Covered under RSBY No. of Children Percentage

1 Do not know 60 70.59%

2 No 21 24.71%
3 Yes 4 4.71%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N=85

Table 51 Incidence of Illness in the Past Two Years

Whether there was

Sr. No. illness in family No. of Children Percentage

1 Yes 23 27.06%
2 No 39 45.88%
3 Do not know 23 27.06%
Grand Total 85 100.00%

N=85

122
 Table 52 Details of Family Member who was Ill

Sr. No. Relation to Respondent Number Percentage

1 Father 10 43.48%
2 Mother 6 26.09%
3 Self 4 17.39%
4 Brother 2 8.70%
5 Sister 1 4.35%
Grand Total 23 100.00%
N = 23 No of Respondent Children who stated that there was illness in the family

Table 53 Details of Illness of Self and Family Members

Family
Sr. No. Help Required Self Members Total Percentage

1 Eye problems 1 2 3 13.04%

2 Problem with lungs 0 3 3 13.04%
3 TB 0 2 2 8.70%
4 Heart problems 0 2 2 8.70%
5 Stomach pain 0 2 2 8.70%
6 Diabetics 0 2 2 8.70%
7 Did not tell 0 2 2 8.70%
8 Weakness 1 0 1 4.35%
9 Back pain 1 0 1 4.35%
10 Burning sensation in hand 1 0 1 4.35%
11 Cancer 0 1 1 4.35%
12 Headaches 0 1 1 4.35%
13 Body pain 0 1 1 4.35%
14 Fracture of hand 0 1 1 4.35%
Grand Total 4 19 23 100.00%

N = 23 No of Respondent Children who stated that there was illness in the family

123
Table 54 Treatment taken

Sr. No. Treatment taken No. of Children Percentage

1. Yes 20 86.96%
2. No 2 8.70%
3. Did not answer 1 4.35%
Grand Total 23 100.00%

N = 23 No of Respondent Children who stated that there was illness in the family

Table 55 Medical Facility where Treatment was done

Sr. No. Relation to Respondent Number Percentage

1 Government Hospital in Mumbai 13 68.42%

2 Government Hospital in village 4 21.05%
3 Private Hospital in village 1 5.26%
4 Private Hospital in Mumbai 1 5.26%
5 Could not specify where in Mumbai 1 5.26%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

N = 20 No of people (including respondent child and family members) who underwent treatment

Table56 Cost of Treatment

Sr. No. Cost of Treatment No. of Children Person who helped pay

1 Rs 1500 1 Family
2 Rs 3000 1 Family
3 Rs 10000 1 Medical Social Worker
4 Rs 80000 1 Doctors
5 Did not know 16 NA
Grand Total 20

N = 20 No of Respondent Children who stated that the family members underwent treatment

124
 ANNEXURE 6
Table from Chapter 3

125
 Table 59 Occupation and Income of the Respondent Children (Girls)

Sr. No. Type of employment Amount earned per month in Rs.

Below 500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-4000 Total
No % No % No % No % No %

1 Begging 1 14.29% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1 14.29%

2 Hotel and other eatery 0 0.00% 2 28.57% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 28.57%

3 Leather Factory 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

4 Making and delivering 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

tiffin dabbas

5 Making gold ornaments 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

6 Metal work 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

7 Making puris for panipuris 0 0.00% 1 14.29% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 1 14.29%

8 Rag Picking 2 28.57% 0 0.00% 1 14.29% 0 0.00% 3 42.86%

9 Street vending 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

10 Zari work 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

Grand Total 3 42.86% 3 42.86% 1 14.29% 0 0.00% 7 100.00%

N = 7 no of respondent girls

Table 60 Occupation and Income of the Respondent Children (Boys)

Sr. No. Type of employment Amount earned per month in Rs.

Below 500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-4000 Total
No % No % No % No % No %

1 Begging 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.56%

2 Hotel and other eatery 1 1.28% 12 15.38% 14 17.95% 1 1.28% 28 35.90%

3 Leather Factory 0 0.00% 5 6.41% 3 3.85% 3 3.85% 11 14.10%

4 Making and delivering 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.56%

tiffin dabbas

5 Making gold ornaments 0 0.00% 1 1.28% 1 1.28% 1 1.28% 3 3.85%

6 Metal work 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.56% 0 0.00% 2 2.56%

7 Making puris for panipuris 0 0.00% 3 3.85% 4 5.13% 0 0.00% 7 8.97%

8 Rag Picking 2 2.56% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 2.56%

9 Street vending 0 0.00% 5 6.41% 1 1.28% 0 0.00% 6 7.69%

10 Zari work 2 2.56% 6 7.69% 5 6.41% 2 2.56% 15 19.23%

Grand Total 5 6.41% 36 46.15% 30 38.46% 7 8.97% 78 100.00%

N = 78 no of respondent boys

126
Table 61 Occupation and Income of the Respondent Children (All)

Sr. No. Type of employment Amount earned per month in Rs.

Below 500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-4000 Total
No % No % No % No % No %

1 Begging 1 33.33% 2 66.67% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 3 100.00%

2 Hotel and other eatery 1 3.45% 14 48.28% 14 48.28% 1 3.45% 30 100.00%

3 Leather Factory 0 0.00% 5 45.45% 3 27.27% 3 27.27% 11 100.00%

4 Making and delivering 0 0.00% 2 100.00% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 100.00%

tiffin dabbas

5 Making gold ornaments 0 0.00% 1 33.33% 1 33.33% 1 33.33% 3 100.00%

6 Metal work 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 2 100.00% 0 0.00% 2 100.00%

7 Making puris for panipuris 0 0.00% 4 50.00% 4 50.00% 0 0.00% 8 100.00%

8 Rag Picking 4 80.00% 0 0.00% 1 20.00% 0 0.00% 5 100.00%

9 Street vending 0 0.00% 5 83.33% 1 16.67% 0 0.00% 6 100.00%

10 Zari work 2 13.33% 6 40.00% 5 33.33% 2 13.33% 15 100.00%

Grand Total 8 9.41% 39 45.88% 31 36.47% 7 8.24% 85 100.00%

N = 85 total number of respondent children (percentages according to the row)

Table 62 Distribution of hours worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Occupation 5-6 Hrs 14 15 16 Hrs Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

2 Hotel 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

3 Ragpicking 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4

4 Zari work 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

Total 3 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 5 8

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

127
 Table 63 Distribution of days worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Occupation Six days Seven days Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

2 Hotel 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

3 Ragpicking 2 2 0 0 2 2 4

4 Zari work 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

Total 2 4 1 1 3 5 8

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

Table 65 Distribution of Tea given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Occupation Yes No Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

2 Hotel 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

3 Ragpicking 0 0 2 2 2 2 4

4 Zari work 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

Total 1 2 2 3 3 5 8

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

Table 66 Distribution of Meals given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Occupation 2 meals None Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

2 Hotel 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

3 Ragpicking 0 0 2 2 2 2 4

4 Zari work 0 2 0 0 0 2 2

Total 0 3 3 2 3 5 8

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

128
Table 67 Distribution of Clothes given to respondents across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Occupation Yes No Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

2 Hotel 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

3 Ragpicking 0 0 2 2 2 2 4

4 Zari work 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

Total 0 2 3 3 3 5 8

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

Table 68 No of years worked prior to rescue

Sr. No. Occupation Less than 1 year 1-2 years Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1. Begging 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

2. Hotel 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

3. Ragpicking 0 0 2 2 2 2 4

4. Zari work 0 2 0 0 0 2 2

Total 1 3 2 2 3 5 8

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

129
 Table 69 Distribution of hours worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of Employment 4-6 Hrs 9-11 Hrs 12-13Hrs 14Hrs 16Hrs 18 Hrs Total
Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1
Begging 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

2
Hotel and other 0 0 1 4 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 12 14

eatery

3
Leather Factory 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

tiffin dabbas

5
Making gold ornaments
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

6
Making puris for 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4

panipuris

7
Street vending 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5

8
Zari work 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 6 6

Grand Total 0 5 1 13 2 11 0 4 0 2 0 1 3 36 39

N = 39 no of respondent children who earned between Rs 501 and Rs 1000.

Table 70 No of days worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment 6 days 7 days Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

2 Hotel and other eatery 1 4 0 9 1 13 14

3 Leather Factory 0 4 0 1 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering tiffin dabbas 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

5 Making gold ornaments 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

6 Making puris for panipuris 0 2 1 1 1 3 4

7 Street vending 0 3 0 2 0 5 5

8 Zari work 0 3 0 3 0 6 6

Grand Total 1 18 1 19 2 37 39

N = 8 Respondent children who earned less than Rs 500 per month

130
Table 71 Distribution of Tea given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment Yes No Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

2 Hotel and other eatry 2 11 0 1 2 12 14

3 Leather Factory 0 4 0 1 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering tiffin dabbas 0 2 0 0 0 2 2

5 Making gold ornaments 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

6 Making puris for panipuris 1 3 0 0 1 3 4

7 Street vending 0 0 0 5 0 5 5

8 Zari work 0 5 0 1 0 6 6

Grand Total 3 25 0 11 3 36 39

N = 39 no of respondent children who earned between Rs 501 and Rs 1000.

Table 72 Distribution of Meals given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment One Two None Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

2 Hotel and other eatry 0 1 2 11 0 0 2 12 14

3 Leather Factory 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2

tiffin dabbas

5 Making gold ornaments 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

6 Making puris for panipuris 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 3 4

7 Street vending 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 5 5

8 Zari work 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 6

Grand Total 0 6 3 24 0 6 3 36 39

N = 39 no of respondent children who earned between Rs 501 and Rs 1000.

131
 Table 73 Distribution of Health Checkups given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment Yes No Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

2 Hotel and other eatery 1 2 1 10 2 12 14

3 Leather Factory 0 0 0 5 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering tiffin dabbas 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

5 Making gold ornaments 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

6 Making puris for panipuris 0 0 1 3 1 3 4

7 Street vending 0 0 0 5 0 5 5

8 Zari work 0 0 0 6 0 6 6

Grand Total 1 2 2 34 3 36 39

N = 39 no of respondent children who earned between Rs 501 and Rs 1000.

Table 74 Distribution of Clothes given to respondents across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment Once a yr. Twice a yr. never Total
Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

2 Hotel and other eatry 0 8 2 1 0 3 2 12 14

3 Leather Factory 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

tiffin dabbas

5 Making gold ornaments 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

6 Making puris for panipuris 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 3 4

7 Street vending 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 5 5

8 Zari work 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 6 6

Grand Total 0 15 2 5 1 16 3 36 39

N = 39 no of respondent children who earned between Rs 501 and Rs 1000.

132
Table 75 No of years worked prior to rescue

Sr. No. Type of employment Less than 1 year 1- 2 years More than 2 years Total
Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Begging 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2

2 Hotel and other eatery 1 1 1 10 0 1 2 12 14

3 Leather Factory
0 2 0 2 0 1 0 5 5

4 Making and delivering 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2

tiffin dabbas

5 Making gold ornaments 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

6 Making puris for panipuris 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 3 4

7 Street vending 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 5 5

8 Zari work 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 6 6

Grand Total 2 11 1 18 0 7 3 36 39

N = 39 no of respondent children who earned between Rs 501 and Rs 1000.

Table 76 No of hours worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment 4 hrs 5 hrs 8 hrs 10 hrs 12 hrs 14 hrs 15 hrs 16 hrs Total

Boys Boys Boys Boys Boys Girls Boys Boys Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 1 1 0 3 4 0 3 1 1 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

4 Metal work 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4

6 Rag picking 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

8 Zari work 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 5 5

Grand Total 1 1 1 9 8 1 4 2 4 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

133
 Table 77 No of days worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment 6 days 7 days Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 0 7 0 7 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 3 0 0 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

4 Metal work 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 0 4 0 0 0 4 4

6 Rag picking 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

8 Zari work 0 4 0 1 0 5 5

Grand Total 1 21 0 9 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

Table 78 Distribution of Tea given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment Yes No Total

Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 0 11 0 3 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 2 0 1 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

4 Metal work 0 1 0 1 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 0 4 0 0 0 4 4

6 Rag picking 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

8 Zari work 0 3 0 2 0 5 5

Grand Total 1 22 0 8 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

134
Table 79 Distribution of Meals given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment One Two None Total

Boys Girls Boys Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 1 0 11 2 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 0 3 0 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

4 Metal work
0
0 1 1 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 0 0 3 1 0 4 4

6 Rag picking
0
1 0 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

8 Zari work 0 0 5 0 0 5 5

Grand Total 1 1 24 5 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

Table 80 Distribution of Health Checkups given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment One Two Total

Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 1 0 13 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 0 3 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 0 1 0 1 1

4 Metal work 1 0 1 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 0 0 4 0 4 4

6 Rag picking 0 1 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending 0 0 1 0 1 1

8 Zari work 2 0 3 0 5 5

Grand Total 4 1 26 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

135
 Table 81 Distribution of Clothes given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment Never Once in a yr. Twice Total

Boys Girls Boys Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 5 0 9 0 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 0 3 0 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

4 Metal work 1 0 1 0 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 3 0 1 0 0 4 4

6 Rag picking
0
1 0 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

8 Zari work 0 0 2 3 0 5 5

Grand Total 9 1 18 3 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

Table 82 No of years worked prior to rescue across gender and occupation

Less than More than

Sr. No. Type of employment 1 yr.
1-2 yrs.
2 yrs.
Total
Boys Girls Boys Boys Girls Boys Total

1 Hotel and other eatery 1 0 11 2 0 14 14

2 Leather Factory 0 0 2 1 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

4 Metal work 1 0 1 0 0 2 2

5 Making puris for panipuris 1 0 3 0 0 4 4

6 Rag picking
0
1 0 0 1 0 1

7 Street vending
1
0 0 0 0 1 1

8 Zari work
1
0 2 2 0 5 5

Grand Total 5 1 20 5 1 30 31

N = 31 number of respondent children who earned between Rs 1001 and 2000.

136
Table 83 No of hours worked across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment 10 hrs 12 hrs 14 hrs 18 hrs Total

1 Hotels and other eateries 0 0 1 0 1

2 Leather factory 0 1 1 1 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 1 0 0 1

4 Zari workshop 1 0 1 0 2

Grand Total 1 2 3 1 7

N = 7 number of respondent children who earned more than Rs 2000.

Table 84 Distribution of Tea given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment Yes No Total

1 Hotels and other eateries 0 1 1

2 Leather factory 3 0 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 1 1

4 Zari workshop 1 1 2

Grand Total 4 3 7

N = 7 number of respondent children who earned more than Rs 2000.

Table 85 Distribution of Meals given across gender and occupation

Sr. No. Type of employment One Two None Total

1 Hotels and other eateries 0 1 0 1

2 Leather factory 1 2 0 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 0 1 1

4 Zari workshop 0 2 0 2

Grand Total 1 5 1 7

N = 7 number of respondent children who earned more than Rs 2000.

137
 Table 86 No of years worked prior to rescue

Sr. No. Type of employment 1-2 years More than 2 years Total

1 Hotels and other eateries 0 1 1

2 Leather factory 0 3 3

3 Making gold ornaments 0 1 1

4 Zari workshop 2 0 2

Grand Total 2 5 7

N = 7 number of respondent children who earned more than Rs 2000.

Table 87 Distribution of Child Respondents across the Top Three Occupations

Sr. No. Type of employment Number Percent

1 Hotel or other eatery 30 53.57%

2 Zari work 15 26.79%

3 Leather factory 11 19.64%

Grand total 56 100.00%

N = 56 number of respondent children working in hotels / other eateries, zari workshops and in leather factories

Table 88 Number of Days worked across the Top Three Occupations

Sr. No. Occupation 6 days 7 days Total

No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent

1 Hotel or other eatery 14 46.67% 16 53.33% 30 100.00%

2 Zari work 10 66.67% 5 33.33% 15 100.00%

3 Leather factory 10 90.91% 1 9.09% 11 100.00%

Grand Total 34 60.71% 22 39.29% 56 100.00%

n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for those in zari workshops and 11 in leather factories;
N = 57

138
Table 89 Number of Hours worked across the Top Three Occupations

Sr. No. Occupation Less than 6 hrs 9-13 hrs More than 14 hrs Total
No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent

1 Hotel or other eatery 2 6.67% 19 63.33% 9 30.00% 30 100.00%

2 Zari work 0 0.00% 5 45.45% 6 54.55% 11 100.00%

3 Leather factory 0 0.00% 7 46.67% 8 53.33% 15 100.00%

Grand Total 2 3.57% 31 55.36% 23 41.07% 56 100.00%

n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for those in zari workshops and 11 in leather
factories; N = 57

Table 90 Income across the Top Three Occupations

Amount earned per month in Rs.

Sr. No. Occupation Below 500 501-1000 1001-2000 2001-4000 Total
No % No % No % No % No %

1 Hotel or other eatery 1 3.33% 14 46.67% 14 46.67% 1 3.33% 30 100.00%

2 Zari workshops 2 13.33% 6 40.00% 5 33.33% 2 13.33% 15 100.00%

3 Leather factory 0 0.00% 5 45.45% 3 27.27% 3 27.27% 11 100.00%

Grand total 3 5.36% 25 44.64% 22 39.29% 6 10.71% 56 100.00%

n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for those in zari workshops and 11 in leather
factories; N = 57

Table 91 Number of meals given to respondent children across the Top Three Occupations

Sr. No. Occupation No meals One meal Two meals Total

No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent

1 Hotel or other eatery 2 6.67% 2 6.67% 26 86.67% 30 100.00%

2 Zari workshops 0 0.00% 3 27.27% 8 72.73% 11 100.00%

3 Leather factory 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 15 100.00% 15 100.00%

Grand Total 2 3.57% 5 8.93% 49 87.50% 56 100.00%

n = 30 for children working in hotels/other eateries, 15 for those in zari workshops and 11 in leather
factories; N = 57

139
 Table 92 Details of Self- Employed Child Respondents

Got a Access to Less than

Male Female Less than 501-1000 weekly 6 hrs 7 hrs Got tea drinking 1 year 1-2 years
500
off water

Rag picking 02 02 04 0 04 04 0 0 03 01 02

Begging 02 01 01 02 02 02 01 01 01 0 03

N = 7 no of children who stated that they were self employed

Table 93 Details of treatment by Employer/Owner (based on qualitative data)

Sr. No. Treatment by Employer Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 Good 1 6 7 8.24%
2 Ok 1 22 23 27.06%
3 Bad 2 40 42 49.41%
4 Did not tell 0 6 6 7.06%
5 NA (self-employed) 3 4 7 8.24%
Grand Total 7 78 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 94 Bad Treatment meted out by Employer/Owner

Sr. No. Bad Treatment by Employer Girls Boys Total Percentage

1 No 3 41 44 51.76%
2 Yes 1 33 34 40.00%
3 NA (self-employed) 3 4 7 8.24%
Grand Total 7 78 85 100.00%

N= 85

140
Table 95 Types of Abuse faced and Number of Respondent Children who continued to work for Abusive
Owner (from qualitative data)

Sr. No. Type of Abuse Working with the same owner

GIrls Boys Total GIrls Boys Total

1 Verbal 1 24 25 1 6 7

2 Physical 1 17 18 1 5 6

3 Sexual 1 1 2 1 0 1

4 Does not provide facilities/ 0 6 6 0 0 0

fulfill rights

5 Does not pay on time 0 4 4 0 1 1

6 Gives too much work 1 7 8 1 3 4

Total 4 59 63 4 15 19

N = 42 number of children who stated that the owners treated them badly, multiple response since some
children faced more than one type of abuse.

141
 ANNEXURE 7
Statement of Children Related to
Treatment by Employers

142
How employers treated in previous jobs

maalaIk kama kravaata qaa pr pOsaa jaldI nahI dota qaa È

maalaIk baUra qaa gaalaI dota qaa È

maora maailak bahUt Ktrnaak qaa maO Drta qaa ]sasao vaao mauJao maarta qaa AaOr izksao baat BaI nahI krta qaa AaOr isaf- kama kravaata qaa È

maO nahI batanaa cahata hÐU È

batanaa nahI cahata È

maailak izk hO pr bahut kama dota qaa È

maailak izk nahI qaa maarpIT krta qaa irStodaraoMsao baatcaIt nahI haotI qaI È

maailak izk nahI qaa maarpIT krta qaa AaOr DaTta qaa È

maalaIk izk qaa maO ]sako pasa rhta qaa AaOr kama krta qaa maora maailak gaava vaalaa qaa [sako bajah sao vaao jaada tklaIf nahI dota qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa [sanao kBaI hmao maara nahI pr ja$rt pDnao pr DaTta qaa Kanaa Ta[-ma pr imalata qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa hmaara Kyaala rKta qaa hmaaro saaqa hI rhta qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa È

maailak svaBaava sao AcCa hO pr pgaar va> pr nahI dota hO È

gaailayaa dota qaa kBaI maarta qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa kBaI kBaI galatI krnao pr gaalaI dota AaOr maarta qaa È

maailak bauZa AadmaI qaa vaao kBaI kBaI ja$r DaTta qaa pr kBaI mara nahI ]saka ek baDa baoTa qaa jaao jaada krko ha^Tola mao Aata qaa vaao hI ha^Tola
purI trhsao saMBaalata qaa hmao ]sanao bahut baara maara BaI qaa ek baar maOnao maoro iptajaI sao iSakayat kI qaI tao vaao baaolao galatI haonao pr maar KanaahI pDta
hO hma garIba laaoga hO hmao [sakI Aadt haonaI caaihe ifr maO kuC nahI baaolata qaa mauJao vaha kama krnaa AcCa nahI lagata qaa ikMtU garIbaI ko karNa maUJao
jabardstI jaanaa pDa maorI maa^M kaO AcCa nahI lagata qaa vaao khtI qaI Gar mao hI baOz jaava È

maailak gaailayaa dota qaa kBaI DaTta qaa iptajaI ko rhnao ko karNa maar nahI imalaa È

maailak Ktrnaak qaa kama samaya pr nahI huAa tao maarta qaa Kanaa nahI dota qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa iptajaI ko phcaana vaalaa qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa pr maailak sao \jaada hmaoSaa puilasa ka Dr rhta qaa ik jaba BaI vaao imalato hO tBaI ]nakaO pOsaa donaa pDta hO vanaa- vaao pkDkr
icalD/nsa haoma mao lao jaato hO È

nahI batanaa caahata È

maailak AcCa qaa È

143
 maailak AcCa qaa pr jaba galatI haotI tao maarta qaa È

maailak AcCa nahI qaa galatI haonao pr lakDIsao maarta qaa hmaaro karKanaomao ek laDka qaa jaao lagaBaga 12 saala ka haogaa ek idna maailak nao
]sakao eosaa maara kI ]saka hat tuT gayaa ifr ]sakao dvaa do kr gaa^Mva phuMcaa idyaa È

maailak ka svaBaava [tnaa izk nahI qaa jaba BaI jaada kama Aata qaa tBaI 16 sao 18 GaMTa kama krvaata qaa Cu+I nahI dota qaa AaOr icallaata BaI
qaa kBaI kBaI maarta AaOr gaalaI BaI dota qaa È

dukana ko maailak ka bata-va izkzak qaa bahut kama krnaa pDta qaa qaaoDa duphr mao samaya imalata qaa AaOr isaQao rat mao È

izk sao bata-va krto qao maailak bahut kMjaUYa qaa È

maailak maarta hO È

maailak AcCa qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa kBaI kBaI icallaata qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa È

maailak ka svaBaava izk zak nahI qaa ]sako mauZ ko ]pr qaa kBaI kBaI gaussaa BaI Aata qaa [tnaa jaada AaJaadI nahI dota qaa hmao Cu+I ko va> BaI
baahr nahI CaoDta qaa naa GarvaalaaoMsao baat krnao dota qaa È

maailak ka svaBaava izk nahI hO vaao icallaata hO jyaada AajaadI nahI hO majabaUrI mao kama krnaa pDta hO È

maailak caacaa ko phcaana vaalaa qaa DaTta qaa pr kBaI maara nahI È

maailak izk nahI qaa kuC kuC galatI huAa tao icallaata qaa Aarama bahut kma qaa rivavaar kI Cu_I dota qaa pr AaQaa idna kama krvaata qaa È

maailak ka svaBaava qaaoD izk qaa Pyaar sao baat krta qaa Gar pr baat krnao ka maaOka dota qaa È

maailak bahut icallaata qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa È

maailak bahut AcCa qaa Apnao baccao jaOsaa samaJata qaa È

nahI batanaa caahata È

nahI batanaa caahata È

sar AcCo qao maarto qao laoikna baDI galatI haonao pr È

AcCa bata-va krta qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa vaao izk sao baaticat krta qaa maoro mana sao kama krta qaa mauJao GarvaalaaoMsao baat krnao ka maaOka BaI dota qaa È

maailak ka svaBaava AcCa hO È

maailak AcCa qaa È

144
maailak AcCa nahI qaa kBaI kBaI gaailayaa BaI dota qaa hmaaro karKanao mao hma 9 jana rhto qao hmaara maailak hmaaro saaqa nahI rhta qaa ]nako f^imalaI
ko saaqa rhtoqao pr maO AaOr itna laDko jaao lagaBaga maoro ]mar ko hao AaOr 5 karagaIr rhto qao ek idna rat kao hma saba saaoyao qao ifr Acaanak maorI
inaMd KulaI @yaukI ek baccao kI Aavaaja saunaa[- id doKa tao karagaIr ]sako saaqa baDI gaMdI hrkt kr rha qaa maO Dr gayaa AaOr ifr saao gayaa tao
mauJao BaI ek nao haqa lagaayaa maO icallaanao kI kaoSaISa ikyaa pr karagaIr nao maoro mauh pr haqa ksa kr rKa AaOr maoro kpDo ]tarkr maoro saaqa BaI gaMdI
hrkt krnao lagaa maO bahUt Dr gayaa qaa AaOr dd- BaI hao rha qaa vaOsao hI rat kao saaonaa pDa ifr saubah jaba maailak Aayaa tao maOnao vaao maailak kao baao-
laa tao vaao baaolaa kuC nahI huAa caupcaap kama kr maOnao kha mauJao gaava jaanaa hO pr ]sanao mauJao nahI baaolaa AaOr gaailayaa id ifr maoro saamanao ]sa karaigar
kao BaI gaailayaa id eosao hI idna gayao ]sanao maoro saaqa ifr kaoSaIsa kI eosaa tIna baar huAa dUsari idna hmaaro karKanao mao roD huAI jaao mauJao pkDa gayaa
mauJao AcCa lagaa È

nahI isaf- icallaata qaa AaOr gaailayaa dota qaa È

bahut kama dota qaa Aarama nahI krnao dota qaa È

मािलक अ��ा था, �वभाव-िवचार वाला समझदार था

‌‌‌‌‍
मािलक अ��ा था सारे कारीगर लेबर से ठीक से बात करता था बहुत मदद भी िकया उसने घर में

मािलक बहुत बुरा है मैं डरता हूँ उससे हमेशा कुछ गलती हुआ तो पहले मरता है और गाल़ी भी देता है

मािलक थोडा खतरनाक था वो िच�लाता था जभी काम समय पर नहीं हुआ था कोइ कारीगर अगर आराम कर
रहा होगा तो भी

मैं इस काम में खुद से आई थी यहाँ मेरा कोई मािलक नहीं है मैं मेरे खुद की मािलक हूँ

मािलक �वभाव में अ��ा था वो हमेशा �यार से बात करता था कुछ नहीं आया तो बताया था

मािलक को काम समय पर चािहए काम समय पर नहीं हुआ तो वो पगार नहीं देता था हमेशा कुछ न कुछ गलती
िनकालकर मारता था

मािलक का बता�व अ��ा था वो ठीक से बातचीत करता था

काम पर अ��ा बता�व होता था मािलक जो था वो मेरा िर�तेदार था और वो आदमी �वभाव का अ��ा था िकसी भी
कारीगर से झ़गड़ा नहीं करता था

मेरा मािलक बहुत िच�लाता था हमेशा काम को लेकर गाली देना बहुत मारता भी था

मेरा मािलक बहुत गु�सेवाला है जभी सीजन आता है तभी बहुत जादा काम करना पड़ता था हमे िब�कुल आराम
नहीं देता है

िपछले काम पर मािलक का बता�व ठीक नहीं था वो काम से मतलब रखता था कभी कभी िच�लाता था

मैं मेरी मजी� से काम करने आई थी

िपछलेे काम पर मािलक अ��ा था वो कुछ नहीं बोलता था बेटे जैसा मानता था

मािलक अ��ा था उसका �वभाव बता�व अ��ा था दुसरे मािलक के जैसे गाली देना मारना नहीं करता था

मैं मेरी मजी� से घर की ख़राब पिरि�थती के कारण गया था सोचा घर में थोड़ी मदद हो जायेगी
मािलक अ��ा था

मािलक का �वभाव अ��ा था अ��े से बात करता था

145
 मेरा मािलक बहुत खतरनाक था कुछ गलती हुई तो हमेशा गाली देता था

मेरा मािलक अ��ा था उसका बता�व भी अ��ा था थोडा िच�लाता था गु�सा आने पर मारता था

मेरा मािलक अ��ा था पर काम के समय में िच�लाता था

मैं मेरे मजी� से काम कर रही थी क़्योंकी मुझे मेरे ज�रतों को पूरा करने को खुद से कमाना पड़ता है

मािलक अ��ा था बता�व ठीक था िसफ� कभी कभी थोडा िच�लाता था पर बाद में समझाता था

मािलक अ��ा था बस थोडा शराबी था पीने के बाद िच�लाता था होश में आने पर शांत रहता था �वभाव से
अ��ा आदमी था

मैं खुद की मजी� से काम करता हूँ

मािलक अ��ा था वो मुझसे अ��े से बात करता था

मािलक अ��ा था वो मुझसे अ��े से बात करता था

मािलक बुरा था पगार भी ठीक नहीं था और समय पर नहीं देता था

nahI batanaa caahata È

maailak izk qaa pr pgaar Ta[-ma pr nahI dota qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa madt krta qaa È

maailak AcCa qaa madt krta qaa È

maailak bahaot hramaI qaa maarta gaailayaa dota qaa vaao hmaaro saaqa hI karKanao mao rhta qaa bahUt kama rhnao pr kBaI mauJao karKanao mao hI rhnaa pDta qaa
maoro iptajaI kuC BaI kama nahI krto hO kBaI kBaI majadurI krto hO AaOr imalaa hUAa pOsaa da$ mao ]Da doto hO tao maO jaada tr karKanao mao hI saaotI qaI
maailak rat kao hma dao baccao qao daonaaoMkao gaMdo gaMdo ipccar idKata qaa kBaI kBaI gaMda isanaomaa BaI ifr rat kao hmaro saaqa gaMQaI hrkt krta qaa AaOr
ek baDa karagaIr haota qaa ]sakaoo BaI krnao kao baaolata qaa Baaganao ka mana krta qaa pr Dr lagata qaa maailak kI bahUt phcaana qaI È

maailak nahI maO Apnao Aap iBak maaMgata hUÐ È

maailak nahI maO Apnao Aap iBak maaMgata hUÐ È

146
 ANNEXURE 8
Table from Chapter 4

147
Table 96 People involved in the rescue operation

Social Not sure/ Did not

Sr. No. Type of Work Police Total
Workers Others chose to tell

1 Begging 1 1 0 1 3

2 Hotel and other eatry 18 4 18 1 41

3 Leather Factory 5 2 9 0 16

4 Making and delivering tiffin dabbas 2 0 2 0 4

5 Making gold ornaments 1 1 2 0 4

6 Metal work 1 0 2 0 3

7 Making puris for pani puris 5 2 4 0 11

8 Rag Picking 2 0 3 0 5

9 Street vending 4 1 1 2 8

10 Zari work 4 1 8 3 16

Grand Total 43 12 49 7 111

N= 85 multiple response question hence totals exceed 85.

Table 97 People taken to the Police Station after the Rescue

Sr. No. Type of Work Child Owner Other Child Other Adult Did not NA Total
Workers Co-Workers Tell

1 Begging 2 0 0 0 1 0 3

2 Hotel and other eatery 29 21 3 4 1 0 58

3 Leather Factory 11 2 5 7 0 0 25

4 Making and delivering tiffin dabbas 1 1 0 0 0 1 3

5 Making gold ornaments 3 1 2 2 0 0 8

6 Metal work 2 1 1 0 0 0 4

7 Making puris for pani puris 8 5 3 1 0 0 17

8 Rag Picking 5 0 3 0 0 0 8

9 Street vending 4 1 0 0 2 0 7

10 Zari work 12 5 3 6 3 0 29

Grand Total 77 37 20 20 7 1 162

N= 85 multiple response question hence totals exceed 85.

148
 Table 98 Mode of transport to Police Station

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Mode of transport
No % No % No %

1 Police van 5 71.43% 58 74.36% 63 74.12%

2 Bus 1 14.29% 5 6.41% 6 7.06%
3 Taxi/auto 1 14.29% 9 11.54% 10 11.76%
4 Walk 0 0.00% 6 7.69% 6 7.06%
Grand Total 7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 99 Time spent at Police Station

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Time spent at
Police Station No % No % No %

1 Less than 1 hr 1 14.29% 12 15.38% 13 15.29%

2 2- 4 hrs 5 71.43% 32 41.03% 37 43.53%
3 4- 6 hrs 1 14.29% 24 30.77% 25 29.41%
4 More than 6 hrs 0 0.00% 8 10.26% 8 9.41%
5 NA 0 0.00% 1 1.28% 1 1.18%
6 Did not want to tell 0 0.00% 1 1.28% 1 1.18%
Grand Total 7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N= 85

149
Table 100 Presence of Policewoman at Police Station

Girls Boys Total

Sr. No. Policewoman present
No % No % No %

1 Yes 4 57.14% 37 47.44% 41 48.24%

2 No 1 14.29% 19 24.36% 20 23.53%
3 Don’t know 2 28.57% 21 26.92% 23 27.06%
4 NA 0 0.00% 1 1.28% 1 1.18%
Grand Total 7 100.00% 78 100.00% 85 100.00%

N= 85

Table 101 Food given to Respondent Children when at the Police Station

Sr. No. No of hrs at Yes No Total

police station
Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total

1 Less than 1 hour 0 3 3 1 9 10 1 12 13

2 2- 4 hrs 3 10 13 2 22 24 5 32 37

3 4- 6 hrs 0 12 12 1 12 13 1 24 25

4 More than 6 hrs 0 4 4 0 4 4 0 8 8

Grand total 3 29 32 4 47 51 7 76 83

N = 83 one child was not taken to the police station and one did not answer these question

Table 102 Water given to Respondent Children when at the Police Station

Sr. No. No of hrs at Yes No Total

police station
Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total

1 Less than 1 hour 1 8 9 0 4 4 1 12 13

2 2- 4 hrs 5 31 36 0 1 1 5 32 37

3 4- 6 hrs 1 23 24 0 1 1 1 24 25

4 more than 6 hrs 0 8 8 0 0 0 0 8 8

Grand total 7 70 77 0 6 6 7 76 83

N = 83 one child was not taken to the police station and one did not answer these question

150
 Table 103 Tea given to Respondent Children when at the Police Station

Sr. No. No of hrs at Yes No Total

police station
Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total

1 Less than 1 hour 0 1 0 1 11 12 1 12 13

2 2- 4 hrs 1 4 5 4 28 32 5 32 37

3 4- 6 hrs 0 2 2 1 22 23 1 24 25

4 More than 6 hrs 0 0 0 0 8 8 0 8 8

Grand total 1 7 7 6 69 75 7 76 83

N = 83 one child was not taken to the police station and one did not answer these question

Table 104 Toilet facilities available to Respondent Children at the Police Station

Sr. No. No of hrs at Yes No Total

police station
Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total

1 Less than 1 hour 0 0 0 1 12 13 1 12 13

2 2- 4 hrs 0 2 2 5 30 35 5 32 37

3 4- 6 hrs 2 0 2 1 22 23 3 22 25

4 More than 6 hrs 0 0 0 0 8 8 0 8 8

Grand total 2 2 4 7 72 79 9 74 83

N = 83 one child was not taken to the police station and one did not answer these question

Table 105 Freedom to move around given to Respondent Children at Police Station

Sr. No. No of hrs at Yes No Do not Know Total

police station Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total

1 Less than 1 hour 0 7 7 1 1 2 0 4 4 1 12 13

2 2- 4 hrs 4 22 26 0 2 2 1 8 9 5 32 37

3 4- 6 hrs 1 13 14 0 5 5 0 6 6 1 24 25

4 More than 6 hrs 0 2 2 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 8 8

Grand total 5 44 49 1 14 15 1 18 19 7 76 83

N = 83 one child was not taken to the police station and one did not answer these question

151
Table 106 Details of waiting place of Respondent Children in the Police Station

Total
Sr. No. Waiting place Girls Boys No %

1 In a corridor/passage 1 17 18 21.43%
2 In a corner of the room where police were working 1 41 42 50.00%
3 In a separate room 5 19 24 28.57%
Grand Total 7 77 84 100.00%

N = 84 one child was not taken to police station

Table 107 Details of Seating Arrangement of Respondent Children in the Police Station

Total
Sr. No. Seating Arrangements Girls Boys No %

1 On floor 2 27 29 34.52%
2 On mat on floor 2 11 13 15.48%
3 On bench 3 31 34 40.48%
4 On chair 0 8 8 9.52%
Grand Total 7 77 84 100.00%

N = 84 one child was not taken to police station

Table 108 Respondent Children detained in the same place as Owners/Adult worker

Total
Sr. No. Made to wait with owner or other adult worker Girls Boys No %

1 Yes 3 39 42 50.00%
2 No 4 38 42 50.00%
Grand Total 7 77 84 100.00%

N = 84 one child was not taken to police station

152
 Table 109 Number of Respondent Children detained in the same place as Other Accused

Total
Sr. No. Made to wait with other accused Girls Boys No %

1 Yes 1 41 42 50.00%
2 No 6 36 42 50.00%
Grand Total 7 77 84 100.00%

N = 84 one child was not taken to police station

Table 110 Place to which Respondent Children were sent from the Police Station

Total
Sr. No. Place to which the child was sent Girls Boys No %

1 Just left 0 1 1 1.19%

2 Handed over to parents 3 10 13 15.48%
3 Handed over to owner 0 2 2 2.38%
4 Stayed at police station 0 3 3 3.57%
5 Sent to children's home 4 61 65 77.38%
Grand Total 7 77 84 100.00%

N = 84 one child was not taken to police station

Table 111 Respondent Children who were presented before the CWC in less than 24 hours

Total
Sr. No. Child was presented before CWC Girls Boys No %

1. Yes 2 58 60 92.31%
2. No 2 3 5 7.69%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

153
Table 112 Place to which Children who sent by the CWC

Total
Sr. No. Place Girls Boys No %

1 Children’s homes 4 61 65 100.00%

Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 113 Mode of Transport of Respondent Children who were presented before the CWC

Total
Sr. No. Mode of Transport Girls Boys No %

1 Police Van 4 59 63 96.92%

2 BEST bus 0 1 1 1.54%
3 Private bus 0 1 1 1.54%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 114 Details of Home to which Respondent Children who were sent

Total
Sr. No. Details of Home Girls Boys No %

1 Mankhurd home 2 25 27 41.54%

2 Dongri home 0 24 24 36.92%
3 Do not know 2 12 14 21.54%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

154
 Table 115 Number of Times the Respondent Children were presented before the CWC

Total
Sr. No. Number of Times Girls Boys No %

1 Once 4 41 45 69.23%
2 Twice 0 18 18 27.69%
3 More than 3 times 0 2 2 3.08%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 116 Number of Times the Respondent Children spoke to the CWC members

Total
Sr. No. Number of times Girls Boys No %

1 Once 1 29 30 46.15%
2 Twice 0 11 11 16.92%
3 Each time I came before them 0 1 1 1.54%
4 Never 3 20 23 35.38%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 117 Respondent Children’s Perceptions on Interactions with CWC members

Sr. No. Responses Girls Boys Total %

1 Positive 2 21 23 35.38%
2 Negative 2 27 29 44.62%
3 Mixed or unsure 0 4 4 6.15%
4 Did not know 0 4 4 6.15%
5 Did not tell 0 5 5 7.69%
Grand Total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

155
Table 118 Time spent by the Respondent Children at the Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Time Spent Girls Boys No %

1 1 day 3 1 4 6.15%
2 1 week 0 5 5 7.69%
3 Less than 1 month 1 9 10 15.38%
4 1- 6 months 0 26 26 40.00%
5 7 months to 1 year 0 16 16 24.62%
6 1- 2 years 0 3 3 4.62%
7 More than 2 years 0 1 1 1.54%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 119 Respondent Children perception on Quality of Food given at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Quality Girls Boys No %

1 Good 1 18 19 29.23%
2 Not Good 3 43 46 70.77%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 120 Perception on Quality of Clothes given at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Quality Girls Boys No %

1 Clean 0 9 9 13.85%
2 Unclean 4 44 48 73.85%
3 Did not receive 0 8 8 12.31%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

156
 Table 121 Perception on Quality of Undergarments given at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Quality Girls Boys No %

1 Clean 0 8 8 12.31%
2 Unclean 2 23 25 38.46%
3 Did not receive 2 30 32 49.23%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 122 Perception on Quality of Mattress given at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Quality Girls Boys No %

1 Clean 0 11 11 16.92%
2 Unclean 3 33 36 55.38%
3 Did not receive 1 17 18 27.69%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 123 Perception on Recreational Activities at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Opinion Girls Boys No %

1 Liked 0 19 19 29.23%
2 Did not like 4 33 37 56.92%
3 Did not attend 0 9 9 13.85%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

157
Table 124 Perception on Educational Activities at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Opinion Girls Boys No %

1 Liked 0 15 15 23.08%
2 Did not like 4 38 42 64.62%
3 Did not attend 0 2 2 3.08%
4 Do not know 0 6 6 9.23%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 125 Person who took statements of Respondent Children at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Mode of Transport Girls Boys No %

1 Social worker 2 39 41 63.08%

2 Probation officer 2 21 23 35.38%
3 Police 0 1 1 1.54%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 126 Perception on Overall Condition of Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Quality Girls Boys No %

1 Clean 1 19 41 30.77%
2 Unclean 3 39 23 64.62%
3 No Response 0 3 1 4.62
%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

158
 Table 127 Discussion of feelings by Respondent Children when at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Girls Boys No %

1 Yes 0 22 22 33.85%
2 No 4 39 43 66.15%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 128 Person/s with whom Respondent Boys shared their feelings

Sr. No. Person No. %

1 Social worker 19 86.36%

2 Superintendent 2 9.09%
3 Probation officer 1 4.55%
Grand total 22 100.00%

N = 22 boys children who shared their feeling when at the Children’s home

Table 129 Interaction with Doctors and Nurses at Children’s Home

Total
Sr. No. Girls Boys No %

1 Yes 0 15 15 23.08%
2 No 4 46 50 76.92%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

159
Table 130 Perception of interactions with doctors and nurses

Sr. No. Person No. %

1 Good 3 20.00%
2 Ok 4 26.67%
3 Got angry 2 13.33%
4 Not good 1 6.67%
5 Did not want to tell 5 33.33%
Grand Total 15 100.00%

N = 15 boys children who interacted with Doctors and nurses

Table 131 Person who took custody of Respondent Child

Sr. No. Person who took custody Girls Boys Total %

1 Father alone 0 2 2 3.08%

2 Father with mother 0 11 11 16.92%
3 Father with owner 2 19 21 32.31%
4 Father with relative 0 6 6 9.23%
5 Father with villager 0 1 1 1.54%
6 Father with relative and owner 0 2 2 3.08%
7 Father with mother and owner 0 5 5 7.69%
8 Mother alone 1 5 6 9.23%
9 Mother with owner 1 4 5 7.69%
10 Mother with relative 0 2 2 3.08%
11 Mother with villager 0 1 1 1.54%
12 Owner alone 0 1 1 1.54%
13 Owner with relative 0 1 1 1.54%
14 Relative alone 0 1 1 1.54%
Grand Total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

160
 Table 132 Persons who took custody of Respondent Child

Sr. No. Person who took custody Girls Boys Total %

1 Father 2 46 48 73.85%
2 Mother 2 23 25 38.46%
3 Owner 3 33 36 55.38%
4 Relative 0 10 10 15.38%
5 Villager 0 2 2 3.08%
Grand Total 7 114 121 186.15%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC, more than one person went to get custody of the child
and so multiple responses. Hence totals will exceed 65 and 100.00%.

Table 133 Place to which the Respondent Child was sent after being released by the CWC

Sr. No. Place Girls Boys Total %

1 Home in Mumbai 4 22 26 40.00%

2 Home in Village 0 17 17 26.15%
3 Relative's home in Mumbai 0 3 3 4.62%
4
Workplace 0 19 19 29.23%
Grand Total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 134 Respondent Children who received Monetary Help

Sr. No. Person Girls Boys Total %

1 Yes 1 20 21 32.31%
2 No 2 38 40 61.54%
3 Do not know 1 3 4 6.15%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

161
Table 135 Amount of money received by Respondent Child

Sr. No. Amount Girls Boys Total %

1 3000 0 2 2 9.52%
2 4000 0 1 1 4.76%
3 5000 0 3 3 14.29%
4 6000 0 2 2 9.52%
5 16000 0 1 1 4.76%
6 Do not know 1 11 12 57.14%
Grand Total 1 20 21 100.00%

N= 21 number of respondent children who received monetary help

Table 136 Person who has the National Saving Certificate

Sr. No. Amount Girls Boys Total %

1 Father 0 7 7 33.33%
2 Mother 0 7 7 33.33%
3 Owner 1 0 1 4.76%
4 Do not know 0 6 6 28.57%
Grand Total 1 20 21 100.00%

N= 21 number of respondent children who received monetary help

Table 137 Assistance offered for Admission in Schools

Sr. No. Person Girls Boys Total %

1 Yes 2 4 6 9.23%
2 No 2 57 59 90.77%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

162
 Table 138 Person/Organization who offered Assistance for Admission in Schools

Sr. No. Person Girls Boys Total %

1 Local School Teacher 1 1 2 33.33%

2 NGO 1 3 4 66.67%
Grand total 2 4 6 100.00%

N = 6 Respondent children who were offered assistance for school admission

Table 139 Job Offered to Parents

Sr. No. Person Girls Boys Total %

1 Yes 0 5 5 7.69%
2 No 4 56 60 92.31%
Grand total 4 61 65 100.00%

N = 65 children who were bought before the CWC

Table 140 Person/Organisation who offered Job for Parents

Sr. No. Person Girls Boys Total %

1 NGO 0 5 5 100.00%

N = 5 Respondent children whose parents were offered jobs

163
Table 141 Number of Respondent Children working for same owner

Sr. No. Working for same owner Girls Boys Total %

1 Yes 2 20 22 25.88%
2 No 2 50 52 61.18%
3 NAP (self-employed) 3 4 7 8.24%
4 Not working 0 4 4 4.71%
Grand Total 7 78 85 100.00%

N = 85

Table 142 Number of Respondent Children working in same industry

Sr. No. Working for same owner Girls Boys Total %

1 Yes 6 56 62 72.94%
2 No 1 18 19 22.35%
3 Not working 0 4 4 4.71%
Grand Total 7 78 85 100.00%

N = 85

Table 144 Details of images drawn by Respondent Children in the sections

Sr. No. Details Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Total %

1. Work 41 1 27 69 56.10%
2. Police station 0 25 0 25 20.33%
3. Children's Home 0 12 2 14 11.38%
4. School 0 3 9 12 9.76%
5. Home 0 0 3 3 2.44%
Grand Total 41 41 41 123 100.00%

N = 123 number of sections (41 x 3)

164
 ANNEXURE 9
Drawings made by Children

165
166
167
Drawing activity with working children

168
 ANNEXURE 10
Table from Chapter 5

169
Table 147 Details regarding the Structure of the Industries in the Four Communities

Sr. No. Communities Rented Owned Rent Were Pucca Semi-Pucca Kuccha
free Licensed Structure Structure Structure

1 Antop Hill Many Few None None Many Many Few

2
Byculla Many Few Few Few Few Many Few

3
Chembur Many Few None Few Many Many Few

4
Dharavi Many Few Few Few Few Many Many

Table 152: Distribution of Employment Patterns across Work Sectors after filing of FIRs

Sr. No. No of hrs at Not employing Children Employing Children Total

police station No. % No. % No. %

1 Hotel and other Eateries 136 37.16% 35 9.56% 17 146.72%

2 Leather factories 122 33.33% 14 3.83% 136 37.16%

3 Zari Workshops 20 5.46% 0 0.00% 20 5.46%

4 Shops 13 3.55% 0 0.00% 13 3.55%

5 Bakeries 7 1.91% 2 0.55% 9 2.46%

6 Garages 5 1.37% 0 0.00% 5 1.37%

7 Domestic work 3 0.82% 0 0.00% 3 0.82%

8 Garment industries 2 0.55% 0 0.00% 2 0.55%

9 Printing Press 2 0.55% 0 0.00% 2 0.55%

10 Begging 2 0.55% 0 0.00% 2 0.55%

11 Plastic Factory 1 0.27% 0 0.00% 1 0.27%

12 Pani Puri making 1 0.27% 0 0.00% 1 0.27%

13 Metal Work 1 0.27% 0 0.00% 1 0.27%

Grand Total 315 86.07% 51 13.93% 366 100.00%

Table 154 Total Number of children employed in the work sectors

Sr. No. Work Sectors Under 14 Over 14 Total %

1 Hotels and other eateries 7 47 54 64.29%

2 Leather factories 9 18 27 32.14%
3 Bakeries 0 3 3 3.57%
Grand total 16 68 84 100.00%

170
 ANNEXURE 11
FGD Summeries Translated
Into English

171
FGD 1 Dharavi labour. Police should be aware of the number of
workshops in their beat and also of the employment
Children work due to their circumstances. They do patterns therein.
not get work in their native states and hence are
forced to migrate to Mumbai where there are more Licensing procedures should be more detailed and these
employment opportunities. should be periodically checked. It is the responsibility of
every state government to ensure that all amenities are
Employers take full advantage of child labour, they available to children within the state itself so that the
get children to work for 12-15 hours and pay them a child can learn and work in his/her native state itself.
monthly salary of just Rs 1200-1500. Thus children
are forced to work at the age that they should be Rural development is essential to prevent migration to
playing and enjoying themselves. cities. In the cities, there are many tiny workshops which
are located in huts and other temporary dwellings that
Based on their experience, 90 percent of the children do not have any license.
migrate to Mumbai from other states like Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh and West Bengal. Less than 10 percent of the The respondents stated that they would think more
children are natives of Maharashtra- most of these hail deeply about the issue of child labour and try to do what
from Mumbai itself while smaller numbers come from we can to stop it. One of them added, “If I am a labourer,
other parts of the state. does it follow that my child becomes a child labourer?
The reality is that there are many schemes available for
When we see working children, we should inform NGOs such people but most are not aware of these and so can-
that work with children. These NGOS conduct raids and not benefit from them. It is necessary to create aware-
rescue the children. Due to the raids, children no longer ness amongst the people.
work in the Zari industry but this is only in the cities.
Children should have access to schools where they get 2nd FGD Byculla
education and also get vocational education so that they
can get jobs later. The state government should take on When we give our tenement on rent, we should be aware
the responsibility of ensuring that children can avail of of the laws that relate to renting. Most people do not
education along with vocational education in their state know about the laws, they do not know that a residential
itself- some schemes that help children earn when they place cannot be rented out as a factory unit or workshop.
learn would also be useful. If these steps are taken, we Children who come for work usually come from Uttar
can stop children from coming to Mumbai for work. Pradesh, Bihar and other such states. In their community,
The government spent 60 crores on Madarsas. This is child labourers are employed to make bags.
a waste of money; they could have spent the money on
child labourers instead. Children are employed because, first of all, children are
paid less and one can make them work for longer hours
Landlords should be aware of what is happening in than adults. It is necessary to change the mindset of the
their tenements. They should keep a watch to find out owners so that they stop employing children. Children
if child labour is used in the factory units that run in are forced to work due to difficult circumstances at home.
their tenements. Middlemen see this and usually target those children
whose parents are in debt by saying that send you child
Every workshop should have a letter from the police stat- to work and your debt will be considered as paid.
ing that they are free of child labour.
Children from other states are brought to areas like Da- Many of the children who come to Mumbai undergo many
dar, Kurla and Dharavi- they are then sent to other areas difficulties before even reaching Mumbai and then are
where they are set to work in factory units. forced to work here. Some children are orphans without
The middleman should be punished. The police should any parents while others are forced to work because of
have a separate department that would focus on inspecting alcoholic fathers.
factory units and ensuring that they do not employ child

172
 There are also children who come to Mumbai to work So it is obvious that an owner will employ the child and
to fulfill their wants and needs. Many children come to not the adult since the child can do more work.
Mumbai because they can get all facilities at one place
such as food, clothing and even shelter by working here. Helping a child to study and work simultaneously is the
If child labour is to stop, police needs to be more vigilant best solution. Many children are forced to work due to
and work in a more effective manner. The entire system family circumstances. These children usually are from the
is bad and this indirectly encourages child labour. lower and middle economic strata. Making a child into
NGOs should do something to stop/reduce child labour. work from childhood helps to keep him from getting into
None of us have ever participated in a raid. bad company in his youth.

Landlords should also be punished. Those who give their Children should get scholarships and financial assistance
rooms on rent should ensure that the owners of the so that they can study. But most children do not get
factory units do not employ children. these. Studying in big and good schools is very expensive.
Many times, children are pressurized by their families to
The middle men should also be punished. work who only want money and are willing to make their
children work to earn.
The reasons for child labour include ignorance, illiteracy,
poverty and large population. The members present stated that they were willing to
provide any assistance needed to reduce the employment
Police should be aware of the number of workshops in of children. They opined that the landlords should also be
their beat and also of the employment patterns therein. eligible for punishments as they should keep a track of
It is the responsibility of every state government to what is happening once their tenements are rented out
ensure that all amenities are available to children within and put a stop to the employment of children.
the state itself so that the child can learn and work in
his/her native state itself. One of the community members added that children over
the age of 14 should be given licenses which will enable
Each community should form a committee with about them to work. He also opined that girls should be married
5-10 members who would take on the responsibility of once they are 16 years old.
ensuring that no child works in any of the workshops in
their community. One of the reasons for child labour is the rising costs and
inflation. Since things are so expensive, the poor do not
3rd FGD Chembur have sufficient money to educate their children. In such
a scenario, what else can they do but send their children
Some of the respondents were aware that a workshop or to work?
an economic unit cannot be located in a residential tene-
ment. The community members opined that children are Children should be given funding to pursue higher
employed as they have the capacity to work for longer education. In today’s world, every child should have the
hours than adults without taking a break. Also no matter opportunity to study. NGOs can provide subsidies and
what happens, children cannot form any unions! They assistance to children and enable them to study without
cannot raise their voices and demand their rights. They any difficulty.
are forced to work as they are helpless.
They opined that child labour has become a business and
For example, a child can lift weights of upto 50kgs while children are now the victims of this business.
an adult man will not lift anything heavier than 40 kgs.

173
4th FGD Antop Hill

The people in this group did not have much information and need to be made aware of the laws. They were unaware
of the laws related to the leasing tenements. They opined that it was necessary to create awareness regarding these
laws and the responsibilities of landlords. It is equally necessary to change the mindsets of people.

The reasons for child labour include family circumstances, scarcity of money and sometimes children’s disinterest in
studying. Creating community groups who can help keep a track of child labour in their community and helping rescue
the child could definitely reduce child labour.

The state government should take on the responsibility of ensuring law and order in their state. They should work
towards creating awareness amongst the people regarding the laws and rules that relate to or concern them. The
relationship between police and the common man should be strengthened and made better so that the police can
truly serve the people.

Schools should study the circumstances of the child’s family and provide assistance to the child based on this. None
of us have participated in a raid, we are all busy with our work. Who has the time to bother about the situation of
other children?

The middlemen should also be punished. Everyone knows that it is illegal to make children work. It is difficult to get
involved because police proceedings are time consuming and tedious. We are willing to help but do not want our
names to be revealed.

Child labour has increased due to the increasing population. The family planning program which had the tag line
“Hum do hamare do” should be revived.

174
 ANNEXURE 12
Owner narratives
In English and Hindi

175
Employer 1

Two raids were carried out at my hotel. The first time, On the day of the raid, I was in the hotel with two boys
I was not in Mumbai and so nothing happened but who worked for me. One was 15 years old and the other
I was caught the second time in 2007 and spent six was 16 years old. Two policemen, two men from the
days in jail. I had never employed any child below 14 labour department and two agents (gumust) came to
years of age. In fact when the second raid was con- my hotel. They took the younger boy (15 years old) and
ducted, the boys who were in my employment were aged me to the police station. An FIR was filed against me. My
between 14 and 16. The labour court dismissed the case boy was taken along with 60 other children to the Dongri
against me. I did not know that it was illegal to employ home. I was held at Dharavi jail and later at the Central
children below the age of 18. I found that out only after I jail. After a few days, I was released on a personal bond.
was arrested. The case (in criminal court) is still pending I did not face any abuse or problems during the time I
and I have to close my hotel to attend the court hearing. was in the jail.
Each time, I lose one working day. Now I feel that it is not
worth it to employ children. Now all my workers are over After I got out of jail, I phoned the child’s father and
18 years of age. I do not want to go through the terrible told him to come to Mumbai as his son had been sent
experience of being raided again. to a Children’s home. The father came and stayed with
me. I took him to the Children’s home and helped him
I employed children between 14 and 16 years because I get his son back. For about one year, I had to go and do
felt it was easy to teach them, to train them. I could scold ‘hazari’ every week at the police station. Now I do not
them and they would understand. Children are used to have to do that.
being scolded. I also had to pay them much less than I
would pay an adult for the same work. Children work The CWC did not call me or send me any summons.
fast and with enthusiasm. Adults can be lazy and slow. So far, about six or seven hearings have been held in
the (criminal) court. I paid Rs 20000 to the tehilsdar
The children who worked for me came from Uttar it was a cheque payment. I did not understand what the
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh or the South. Migrants from payment was for and someone told me that I could get it
the South would come to me and ask me for a job for back. I do not know the procedure for that. The people at
their children. Sometimes, my workers would bring the Children’s home told me that I had to give Rs 3000
someone – their relative or someone else who they knew for Indira Awaas Patra. I did so and the Patra was given
from their hometowns. Sometimes, I would myself travel to the child.
to UP or MP and bring children to work here. I never paid
parents anything. Children were allowed to call their Now, I get a letter from the parents giving me permission
parents anytime. to employ their child. I also tell them to give a copy of an
age proof- like leaving certificate from the school where
It is difficult to make a profit now. Costs have gone up the child studied to prove that no one who works for me
but I cannot charge a big sum for my food. If I do, is less than 18 years of age.
nobody will come to my hotel. I cannot charge the prices I feel that children should be educated and that parents
that a big hotel would charge; my hotel is in the middle should make sure that they educate their child. The
of Dharavi. So I have to keep my prices low and that government should provide financial support to needy
lowers my profit. children till they are 22 years old so that they can get a
good education and a good job.
Before the raid, workers from Pratham came and told me
to send the children back to the village and explained to I have learnt not to employ children and that too the hard
me that it was illegal to employ children. I told them that way. I do not and will never employ children again.
the children were more than 14 years of age. No one told
me that I was not supposed to employ children between
the ages of 14 and 18 years.

176
 Employer 2 • Benefits of employing children to factory /
workshop owner
• Challenges faced (now and previously; difficulty in
employing labour, problems due to the decrease in ब�चों को काम पर रखने में कुछ जादा फ़ायदा नहीं होता था
employment of children, decrease in profit margins िफर भी बड़ो के तुलना में थोडा बहुत का फक� होता था उनको
marketing products, change in type of industry/ काम पर रखने से वो ब�चे जादा समय तक काम कर सकते
market needs) है और उनको कम पगार देना पड़ता है ! पहली बात तो ब�चे
हमारे पास २४ घंटे रहते है वो इधर हमारे (मािलक) साथ
जभी पहले हम ब�चों को काम पर रखते थे तभी हमे रहते है इधर कारखाने में रहते है और काम करते है ! ब�चे
शु�आत में तो ब�चोंं को कुछ पगार नहीं देना पड़ता था, काम भी करते है और हमारा सुनते भी है !
क्योंकी उस वक्त हम िसफ� ब�चों को खाना देते थे और
थोडा बहुत पॉकेट खचा� | हमे ब�चे ढूंढने में कोई परेशानी • Processes involved in procuring children to work
नहीं होती थी | हम गाँव में जाकर एक बार मुिखया जी को in factory/workshop (states where the children come
िमलते थे िफर क्या वो २ िदन के अंदर में सब ब�चों का from, how they reach Mumbai- who comes with
इंतजाम करवा देता था| या हमारे यहाँ से जो भी करिगर them, mode of transport used, money exchanged-
जाता था| कारागीर को हर ब�चे के पीछे कुछ पैसे िदये तो who is paid, approximate amount
काम आसान हो जाता था |
(हम आपको सही बताते है पर मेरा नाम मत लो)
ब�चे जब होते थे तो कम पैसे देके काम करवाने से हमारे ब�चा िमलना मुि�कल बात नही है, आज भी| िकसीभी गरीब
माल की िकमत भी कम होती थी| हम बाजार में भी कम िजले में जाओ जैसे सीतामढ़ी, दरभंगा, मोितहारी, या िसवान
िकमत में माल भेज सकते थे तािकमाल के िलए बहुत िडमांड आपको खाली इतना ही करना है की गाव के मुिखया को जाके
थी| उस वजहसे काम भी बहुत िमलता था| अब कारागीर को कहो की आपको िकतने और िकस िकसम के ब�चे चािहये|
जादा पैसा देऩे से माल की िकमत भी बढ़ रही है| काम भी मतलब िकस उमर के| वो आपको िजतने चाहे उतने ब�चे दे
कम आ रहा है| कभी कभी हमे जो डीलर माल की ओड�र देता देगा बस उनको हर ब�चे के पीछे कुछ देना पड़ता है| जैसे
था वो अब जादा नही दे पा रहा है| पहला िजतना मुनाफा कही बार १००/-, ७५/- या कभी कभी तो ५०/- �पये में भी पट
िमलता था अब उतना नही िमल रहा है| हम कम कारिगर जाता है| सब मुिखया के हात है| अगर िकसी माँ बाप ने पैसा
रख कर काम करवाने की कोिशश करते है पर कारागीर बड़े माँगा तो हम दे देते है| या कभी बार मुिखया ही दे देता है|
होने के कारण वो कम पैसे में काम करना नही चाहते है| हमे पता होता है कौन गाव से कौन मुिखया कैसा है| बस वहाँ
ब�चों के उपर जादा खचा� भी नही था जैसे खाना पीना, तेल, वैसी बात करनी होती है|
साबुन| पर बड़े लोग मतलब कारागीर नही मानते है| उनकी
भूक भी जादा होती है| उपरसे जादा काम िकया तो जादा पैसा या कभी कभी कोई कारागीर जा रहा है तो उसे बोलो वो
देना पड़ता है| आपके िलए ला देता था उसको भी वैसे ही पैसे देऩे होते
है| एकबार ब�चा आ गया तो हम हमारे पास उसको कुछ
आप लोगोंको लगता होगा की हम कारखाना चलाते है तो काम देते है| पहले बार बहोत ह�का काम देते है| जैसे धागा
हमारे पास बहुत पैसा है| पर वैसा नही है बहुत क�ट होता काटना, कपड़े को लकड़ीसे बांधना, कारखाने में पानी भरना,
है| बहुत लोगोंको संभालना पड़ता है| जैसे की लेबरवाले, बाहरसे चाय या कई चीजे लाना| दो तीन महीने के बाद हम
मुिन्सपालटीवाले और पुिलस वाले तो पक्के चोर है| िकतना उसे छोटा और बहुत आसान वाला टाका देते है| िफर कई
भी दे उनको कम ही है| आपने देखा ही होगा एक बार से सालोंके बाद बड़ा वाला काम|
उनका पेट नही भरता है| हर वक्त अलग अलग आयेगा|
हमारे कारखाने में बहुत जगह से ब�चे काम करते है जैसे
हमारे कही मािलकों ने तो जगह ही बदल दी कई लोग तो उ�तर �देश, िबहार, नेपाल इ�यािद हर जगहों से भी ब�चे
अब क�याण या पनवेल भी गये है| जादा कर के यह सारा काम करने को आते थे |
माल आखात में या यूरोप की देश में जाता है तो उसका
�यवहार मुंबई से ही अ�छा होता है या िद�ली से| पनवेल ब�चे अपने िजले से बस पकड़ते है िफर वो पटना आते है
या क�याण जाने से हमको ही बड़ी तकलीफ होती है| पर िफर पटना से मुंबई �ेन से आते है| ब�चे मुंबई में आने के
मजबूरन करना पड़ता है| बाद सीधे कारखाने में जाते है| कई बार सब ब�चे एक ही
कारखाने में जाते है और िफर हम उसे अलग अलग कारखाने
में भेजते है| ब�चे अकेले गाव से नही आते है|

177
• Steps taken to ensure safety and protection of • Process followed during a raid as well as the
working children - to safeguard them from abuse number of times your workshop raided?
(physical, verbal and sexual) from co-workers. (probe in terms of receiving prior information
about the raid, details of the informant, details
हम अपने कारखाने के एक भी कारीगर को मारते पीटते नहीं of the processes of the raid, who was arrested,
है| हमारे कारखाने में हर कारीगर की �वा��य का पूरा खयाल when the owner was arrested, any violence meted
रखा जाता है| उनको समय पे खाना पानी िमलता है उनके out by the police, whom did you inform about the
िलए खाना बहार बी. सी. में बनता है कारखाने में िड�बा child being taken into CWC custody)
आता है उसमे से खाना खाते है ! उनको पूरी आज़ादी होती है
की वो जब चाहे वो उनके घरवालों से बात कर सकते है| हम उनिदन में कारखाने में नहीं था िकधर माल देने गया था और
हमारे कारखाने में कोई भी ब�चों को मारते नहीं थे| अचानक फ़ोन मुझे आया की कारखानों में धाड पड़ी रही है|
मैंने पूछा हमारे यहाँ आये है क्या| कारागीर बोला अभी तक
आप जैसे कह रहे है वैसा भी कही कारखाने में ज�र होता है| तो नहीं| मैने उनको कहाँ हमारे यहा नही आयेंगे पुिलस का
िजस कारखाने का मािलक खाली मुनाफा देखता है और उसके ह�ता त�न रोज पहले ही तो गया है ना| कुछ नही होगा, डरो
पीछे दौड़ता है वो अक्सर �सा करता है| उसको पैसेसे मतलब मत समझाना| िफर मुझे कुछ लगा मैंने फोन करके उसे कहाँ
होता है| आदमी की पवा� उसको नही होती है| आप देखेंगे ब�चों को बाहर खेलने छोड़ देना और उनसे कहना की जो
की उनके यहाँ पर िदन रात काम ही चलता है| और ब�चे िदखाया है उसी मैदान में रहो वहाँ से जाना नही हम वहां आ
उनके यहाँ जादा होंगे| कभी कभी हम भी ब�चोंसे जादा काम जायेंगे| और आप लोग अपना काम करो मै बस एक घंटे में
करवाके लेते थे पर कभी कभी| कही लोग तो हर िदन जादा आ ही रहां हूँ|
काम करवाके लेते थे| ये �थम वाले लोगोंको पूछो हम उनके
क्लास में भी हमारे ब�चोंको भेजते थे| २० िमिनट में मुझे िफरसे फोन आया| की मािलक हमारे यहाँ
पर भी रेड हुयी| दो ब�चे खाली िमले जाओ सीिडयां उतर ही
बडे कारागीर छोटे ब�चोंसे गलत �यवहार करते थे ये हमे भी रहे थे| और बाकी सारे िनकल गये| मेरे पास ६ लडके थे| और
पता है| हमारे यहाँ पर वो दो कारखाना छोड़कर जो कारखाना अ�लम को पुिलस ले गये है| पुिलस वाला बोला मािलक आया
वहाँ पर पहला जो मािलक था वो खुद ब�चोंसे बुरा �यवहार तो भेज देना पुिलस ठाने| अब क्या करना है| मै तो घबरा
करता था और कारागीर भी करते थे| िजनकी औरते यहाँ नही गया था मैंने कहाँ| जरा वो ब��यार भाई से पूछ लेना क्या
होती है वो जादा करके ऐसे काम करते है| उसको एक बार करना है| उसके पास रेड पड़ी क्या? कारागीर बोला हाँ| उसके
इसिलए सजा भी हुयी थी| सजा के बावजूद भी वो अपनी तो सारे ब�चे और वो खुद पकड़ा गया है| सारे ब�ती में रेड
हरकत नहीं छोड़ रहा था| हमारे यहाँ पर ये सारी गलत चीजों पड़ी है| कम से कम २०० से उपर पुिलस वाले होंगे| ये बात
को िलए कोई जगह नही थी| हम खुद इसपर �यान देते है| सुनकर मुझे और थोडा डर लगा| मैंने कहाँ मै बस आता हूँ|
तो कारागीर बोला इतने ज�दी मत आना पुिलस वाले घूम रहे
हाँ गाली गलोच तो होता है| वो तो अपने भाषा का एक है| ज�दी आयेंगे तो पकड़ जावोगे| हम आपको फोन करते है
िह�सा ही है| उसको क्या करे| िफर आ जाना| मैंने कहाँ ठीक है|

• Opportunities given to children to enjoy their दो घंटे के बाद मैंने िफर कारागीर को फोन िकया तो वो बोला
childhood (education, play, entertainment, keep पुिलस वाला िफरसे आया था आपका नंबर ले कर गया है
in touch with their families) आपको फोन करेगा| मैंने कहाँ ठीक है| उसका फोन रखा नही
की पुिलस का फोन आया बोला शेठ ठाने ज�दी आना साब
हमारे पास मनोरंजन के लिए डी. वि. डी. होती है और टी. बुला रहे है| मैंने पूछा जादा कुछ लफडा नही ना? वो बोला
वी. होती है| हमारे पास मनोरंजन को समय नहीं मिलता है नही बस साब को आकर िमलना| जमानत कर देना| ब��यार
और इधर कारखाने में बच्चे काम करने को आते है| उनको भाई भी है वो सबका इतजाम क्र रहा है| मै आपको सुबह
समय नहीं मिलता है खेलने को, हम बस इतना कर सकते है ही फोन कर रहा था आप का फोन तो लगता ही नही है| मै
की बच्चों को उनके परिवार वालो से बात करने को देते है| पुिलस ठाने गया वहा मेरा कारागीर था और पुिलस वाला
पढाई के लिए ये संस्था वाले आते थे| यही तो गडबड हुयी ना भी| दोनों से िमला उन्होंने बोला आज की रात हवालात में
रहना पड़ेगा कल जमानत हो जाएगी| मै नाराज हुआ था| मुझे
अ�छा नही लगा तबसे मन में बात तय िकया इसके आगें
ब�चे नही लाऊंगा|

178
 िफर मैंने मेरे कारागीर को छोड़ देने के िलए कहाँ| पुिलसवाला बाप का और उनके ब�चोंका िकसीसे नाम िलखवाना| िफर
बोला उसको छोड़ नही सकते है| उसको भी कल छोड़ेंगे| मैंने उसका झेरोक्स लेना| और कल िफर कोट� में आ जाना| हम
कहाँ पर मै आगया हूँ ना िफर उसे जाने दो| पुिलस वाला सुन वहाँ पर गये उन्होंने हमे कोट� के मैडम के पास ले गये| मैडम
ही नही रहा था| ब��यार भाई बोला कारागीर को रहने दे तू ने मेरे से सब िलखवाकर िलया| की अब मै कभी भी ब�चे
चला जा| कल उसकी जमानत करेंगे| मुझे ये बात अ�छी नही नही रखूंगा िफर मुझे बोला गया की हर ब�चे के नाम ५०००
लगी| तब तक ब��यार भाई का कारागीर आया था तो उसे का एन.एस.सी. िनकालो और िफर ब�चे के बारेमे हम सोचेंगे|
उसने अपनी जगह रखा और वो पुिलस को २०० �पया दे कर ब�चे के माँ-बाप से बात िकया| जैसे उनको पहलेसे कहे थे
चला गया| मुझे अ�छा नही लगा| िफर मैंने भी पुिलस को वैसे उन्होंने कोट� में बोल िदया| उन्होंने कहाँ की हम मुंबई में
२०० � िदया और कारागीर को छोडने को कहाँ| पुिलस ने उसे ही ये हमारा चचेरा भाई है उनके साथ रहता हु| ब�चा �कुल
छोड़ िदया| िफर अगले िदन सुबह हमे कोट� ले गए वहाँ पर नही जाता था इसिलए हमने उनको उनके पास काम पर
हमे जािमन िमला और हम छुट गए| भेजे है| उन्होंने बोला अब �कुल भेजेंगे क्या| हम बोले हाँ|
िफर उन्होंने माँ-बाप से िलखकर िलया| िफर बोले कल पहला
वापस आकर जाओ बाकी चार ब�चे थे उनका िहसाब िकया मािलक एन.एस.सी. जमा करेगा िफर हम ब�चोंको छोड़ेंगे|
और एक कारागीर को बोला कल के कल उन्हें अपने गाँव इस तरह हमने वो दो ब�चोंको छुड़ाया|
छोड़ देना| अब ये आफत नही चािहए| उस समयसे अबतक
बचे नही रखे है| पुिलस ने नहीं मारा| अब इतना बोले है और आप ब�चोंके के िलए अ�छे काम कर
रहे तो आपको बता देता हूँ| आप ने बोला है की मेरा नाम
ब�चोंको उसी िदन िच�लर �म में भेजा, डोंगरी वाले| ब�चोंके कहाँ भी नही आयेगा इसिलए बोल रहे है| की वो एन.एस.
माँ-बाप को िनवोता िदया था| वो दुसरे ही िदन िनकल गये थे| सी. एक महीने के बात ब�चोंके िपतासे तोडकर हमने ले ली|
वो हमारे पास ही �के थे| उनका सारा खचा� करना पड़ा उपरसे इतना पैसा कैसे डालेंगे| पहलेसे ही बहुत नुकसान हुआ था
आने जाने का खचा� भी देना पड़ा| पाचवे िदन हम िच�लर मेरा| कुछ पैसा कट गया पर बाकी सारा तो िमलाही|
�म गए| वहाँ पर कोट� में मैडम बैठी थी उनको िमलने कहाँ
तो मै जाकर िमला| मैडम ने मुझे पूछा आप कोन मैंने बोला • Post arrest proceedings (probe in terms of
ब�चे का मािलक िफर उन्होंने बोला िफर पुिलस ने पकड़ा number of days held in custody, when bail was given,
नही आपको| मै बोला जेल में था कल ही छुटा हूँ| ब�चे bail amount, type of bail, time elapsed before charge
चािहए थे| वो बोले आपको नहीं िमलेगा| गाव भेज देंगे| sheet was filed,

िफर मै वैसे ही िनकला बाहर जा ही रहा था की एक आदमी जैसे मै ने पहले ही आप को कहाँ हमारी दुसरे िदन ही
आया और बोला देिखए अगर ब�चा छुडाना हो तो मुझे वहां जमानत हो गयी| मेरी जमानत १०००० की हुई थी|
आकर िमलो| हम उसके आिफस में गये वो बोला िकतना
ब�चा है मै बोला दो| कौनसा? मैंने नाम बोल िदया| िफर • City civil Court proceedings (when was the first
उसने सोचा और बोला ब�चे कहाँ के है| मैंने कहाँ िबहार के है hearing, how many appearances, current status)
सर| वो बोले नही होगा उनको गाँव ही भेजेंगे| मैंने कहाँ कुछ
करो ना| वो बोला माँ-बाप को बुलाना पड़ेगा| मैंने कहाँ वो तो बस एक बार ही कोट� में गया हूँ| जािमन हुई थी उस वक्त
आये है| िफर ठीक है पर एक का ३००० लगेगा| मैंने कहाँ अबतक िफर तारीख नही आयी है| वकील बोला आराम से
मतलब ६०००| इतना पैसा नही है कुछ कम बोलो| िफर बात बैठो इतने ज�दी ना तारीख आयेगी|
दोनों के िलए ४००० हजार तक तय हुयी|
• CWC proceedings (number of appearances, CWC
सर ने बोला राशन काड� यहाँ का है| मैंने कहाँ मेरा है| वो penalty, details of NSC certificate, custody of child)
बोला ठीक है कल लेके आ जाना| और कला पूरा पैसा भी
लाना| उपर बताया वैसे ही है| आपको पता होना चािहए िकससे और
कैसे िमलना है आपका काम हो ही जाता है|
दुसरे िदन मै पूरा ४००० लेकर गया उसने मुझे बोला बाहर
एक होटल है वहा पर बैठो आता हूँ| हम वहाँ पर बैठे| वो
आदमी बहुत देर के बाद वो आया| हमारे से पूरा पैसा िलया
और बोला राशन काड� लाव उस पर िफर बोला िकसीसे माँ

179
• Labour court/department proceedings (notice from • Status of your factory in the past five years (details
labour court, number of appearances, revoking of in terms of number of raids, protection money
license -by whom, reissue- by whom, problems and paid- whom and how much, re-employment of
challenges faced in this process, inspections by children- reasons for that, problems faced with
labour officer/BMC post raid, ) owner of workshop premises if rented, rent
agreement/contract)
हाँ, लेबर कोट� से नोिटस आई थी मुझे लगता है त�न बार
आयी थी| पर उसमे हमको छोड़ िदया| लेबर वाले कोट� ने हा यह जगह मैंने भाड़े से ली है िपछले क� सालोंसे मै यहाँ
कहाँ की ब�चा अगर १४ से उपरवाला है तो ये केस नही पर भाड़े से रहता हूँ| रेड के बात भाड़े से िमलने में कुछ
बन सकती है| िदक्कत नही हु�| एक ही बार रेड हु� थी| पर अभी मै ब�चे
ही नही रखता तो सवाल ही नही आता है ना| पैसा िकसको
हाँ, ब�चा तो एक १३ साल का और एक १2 साल का था पर िकतना िदया वो मैंने आपको बता िदया है ना|
िफरभी हम को कोट� ने छोड़ िदया| हमने गावं से मुिखया को
पैसा देकर ब�चोंका दािखला करवाके लाए थे| कोट� ने मानकर • Punishment for middle men/brokers.
छोड़ िदया| बच गया मै| पर २०००० की नोिटस आयी थी एक
ब�चे के पीछे भरने के िलए मै भरने वाला था कजा� लेकर पर अब इसके बार में हम क्या बताये सजा तो होनी चािहए| पता
एक मािलक ने बोला मत भर| केस से छुट जाएगा तो िफर नही कैसी होगा|
िमलना बहुत मुि�कल होता है कुछ नही होता है| िफर नही
भरा | अ�छा हुआ • Precautions owners can take to ensure that children
are not employed (such as getting an age proof).
•Interaction with child’s parents (during the period
of employment of the child, immediately after the हा मैंने जब से धाड िगरी है उसके बाद से मैंने मेरे कारखाने
raid, after the child was taken into CWC custody, में ब�चा रखना बंद ही कर िदया है| क्योंकी उसको रखनेसे
after child was sent back with parents) कुछ जादा फ़ायदा नहीं हो रहा था बस थोडा बहुत का फक�
हुआ धंदे में पर, तो भी ब�चोंको काम पर नही रखना ही
ब�चों के माता िपता से पहले जादा बात नही थी| मेरे पास ठीक होगा ऐसे मुझे लगता है| बड़ा आदमी ही ठीक है|
जो छे ब�चे थे उसमेसे एक को मैंने मेरे बगल वाले गाव से
ही लाया था इसिलए उनके माँ-बाप से दो तीन बार बात हुयी • Owner’s personal commitment to anti child labour
थी बस इतनाही| बाकी ब�चे अपने माँ-बाप को फोन करते थे practices.
पर मेरी उनसे बात तो कभी नही हुयी|
ब�चों को काम नहीं करना चािहए पर वो इसिलए काम करते
रेड के बाद जो दो ब�चे थे उनके माँ-बापसे बात हुयी थी जो है क्योंकी वो मजबूर होते है| उनकी माँ-बाप की मजबूरी को
उनको बुलाना था यहाँ पर| वैसे तो उन माँ-बाप को मेरे ही देखना ज�री है| हम ब�चों को काम पर नहीं रखेंगे और
कारखाने पर �कवाया था तो अक्सर बात होती थी| पर कुछ िकसी ने भी रखना नहीं चािहए ! ब�चों के िलए सुिवधा होनी
खास नही| चािहए की जैसे की �कुल की और भोजन की भी|

• Awareness on laws related to child labour • Steps that can be taken by local community
residents, NGOs and government to reduce the
पहले से पता नहीं था ब�चों को काम पर रखा तो गलत है involvement of children in child labour.
और इतनी परेशानी हो सकती है ! हम तो ब�चों को काम पर
रखते है क्योंकी उनके घर में थोड़ी बहुत मदद हो जाये| ये हम हमारे ब़�ती में हम जनजागृित करेंगे िजससे सबको
सं�था वाले आकर बोले भी थे की ब�चा काम पर मत रखो बतायंेगे की बाल मजदूरी एक गुनाह है और ब�चों ने काम
परेशानी हो जाएगी पर मैंने माना नही था| सोचा जब होगा तो नहीं करना चािहए ! हम जादा से जादा कोिशश करेंगे की
देखा जाएगा| वैसे पुिलस वालोंको थो ह�ता जाता था| कारखाने ब�चों को काम पर नहीं रखेंगे|
में धाड़ पड़ने के बाद जाओ तकलीफ हुआ उससे पता चला की
तब पुिलस भी काम नही आती है| अब तबसे तो मै िब�कुल
ब�चे को रखता नही हूँ|

180
 Employer 3 3. Processes involved in procuring children to work
in factory/workshop (states where the children
1. Challenges faced (now and previously; difficulty in come from, how they reach Mumbai- who comes
employing labour, problems due to the decrease in with them, mode of transport used, money
employment of children, decrease in profit margins, exchanged- who is paid, approximate amount
marketing products, change in type of industry/
market needs) अिधकतर ब�चे हमारे गाँव के ही होते है िजसकी कहनीं हमे
पता होती है उनके घरवाले ही हमारे साथ भेजते है ! घर में
हाँ यह तो बात सही है की मुनाफा अब इस धंदे में नही रहा कामने वाला एक और खाने वाला बहुत जन होते है ! माँ बाप
है| पर क्या करे पहले से वो ही काम कर रहे है तो उसकी ही खुद से बोलता है की मेरे ब�चों को लेकर जाओ और इसको
आदत पड़ी है| अब इस उमर में जाकर अगर हम धंदा बदलेंगे कुछ काम िसखाओ और िफर हम ब�चे माँ बाप की मजी� से
तो जमेगा नहीं ना| अभी तो बस िजतना भी िमले सो ठीक लेकर आते है ! हम ब�चों के माँ बाप को समय समय से
है| उसमे ही संतु�टी मान लेते है| आप कुछ भी कहो पर ये पैसा भेजते रहते है !
जो पुिलस वालोंके साथ िमलकर सं�था वालोंने अगर रेड नही
डालते तो मेरा धंदा दुगना ितगुना बढ़ जाता था | सच में मै ब�चों को कम पगार देना पड़ता है ! कम पगार में जादा काम
कसमसे झूट नही बोलता हूँ| करवा के िमलता है ब�चों का हाथ बड़ो के तुलना में जादा
ज�दी चलता है ! बड़ो के तुलना में हमे ब�चे ज�दी िमलते है!
अभी आप को क्या बताये ब�चा जब काम करता था तो पैसा
कम खच�ा होता था| जैसे की उनको ह्�तेका १०० या २०० 4. Steps taken to ensure safety and protection of
�पया दे िदया तो भी ब�चा खुश होता था| अब तो बडोंको working children - to safeguard them from abuse
हमे ह्�तेका कमसे कम १००० से १५०० �पये तक देना पड़ता (physical, verbal and sexual) from co-workers.
है | वना� कोई काम के िलए तैयार नही होते है| ओेैर वैसे तो
राशन पर स�ते में धान िमलने लगा तो लोग काम भी नही सबसे पहली बात की जो भी बच्चे हमारे पास आते है वो
करना चाहते है| बस ह�ते का दो िदन काम िकया तो ह�ता हमारे जान पहचान वाले होते है और हमारे कारखाने में ब�चों
भर आरामसे खाने प�ने में काफी होता है| बाजार में भी दलाल जो भी ब�चे आते है ! हम उनका अपने जैसे समझते है और
होते है उनको कम भाव में अ�छा काम चािहए| खचा� इतना उनका ठीक से खयाल रखते है ! हमारे कारखाने में ब�चों को
बढ़ा है की हमे मुनाफा कुछ जादा िमलता ही नही है| भाव िकसी भी तरह की तकलीफ नहीं देते है ! ब�चे जो भी आते
बढ़ने के कारण काम िमलना भी आसान नही रहा है| ब�चे है वो बहुत ब�चे हमारे गाँव से ही होते है !
होते तो उनको काम पर जादा घंटा िबठाया तो भी काम हो
जाता था| अब अगर बडोंको जादा समय काम करने बोले तो 5. Opportunities given to children to enjoy their
कहेगें जादा पैसा चािहए| अगर नहीं देते तो छोडकर दुसरे सेठ childhood (education, play, entertainment, keep in
के पास जाने के िलए तैयार होते है| touch with their families)

2. Benefits of employing children to factory/ हमारे पास कारखाने में कोई ब�चा जादा बहार नहीं जाता
workshop owner है दुपहर को जभी खाना खाने के समय में ब�चे बहार जाते
है हमारे यहाँ मनोरंजन के िलए डीव�डी रखी है िजसमे गाने
मुनाफा इतना जादा नही है| एक ब�चे को संभालना बहोत बजते है उससे ही ब�चों का िदल भी बहल जाता है और काम
मुि�कल होता है| आपको लगता होगा आसान है पर वैसा नहीं भी होता रहता है !
है| मुनाफा क्या होगा? बस २०० से ३०० �पया एक ब�चे
से जादासे जादा| हां जादा वक्त काम करते है और थोड़ा सा 6. Process followed during a raid as well as the
डराकर रखनेसे जादा आवाज भी नही करते है बस चुपचाप number of times your workshop raided? (probe
अपना काम करते बैठते है| in terms of receiving prior information about the
raid, details of the informant, details of the
processes of the raid, who was arrested, when the
owner was arrested, any violence meted out by the
police, whom did you inform about the child being
taken into CWC custody)

181
मैं गाँव में था और मेरे कारखाने में मेरा भाई था जो 10. Labour court/department proceedings (notice
कारखाना चला रहा था| अचानक मेरे कारखाने में से मुझे from labour court, number of appearances
फ़ोन आया की मेरे कारखाने में धार पड़ी है ! मेरे कारखाने में revoking of license -by whom, reissue- by whom,
पाच लड़के काम करते थे| उस िदन दुपहर को खाना खाकर problems and challenges faced in this process,
हमारे सारे कारागीर और ब�चे बैठे थे| मेरा भाई उनको काम inspections by labour officer/BMC post raid, )
समझा रहा था की अचानक तीन लोग उपर घुस आये| और
उनमे एक पुिलस वाला था| िफर उस पुिलस वाले ने सब को अब तक एक बार भी नोिटस आई नही है| पता नही क्यूँ|
अपने अपने जगह पर बैठे रहने को बोला| सब ब�चे डरे थे|
मेरा भाई तो नया नया ही था| ब�चों से जादा वो डर गया| 11. Interaction with child’s parents (during the period
of employment of the child, immediately after the
पुिलस ने एक ब�चे को पूछा मािलक कौन है? ब�चा बोला raid, after the child was taken into CWC custody,
ये मािलक है और मेरे भाई के पास ऊँगली उठाया| पुिलस after child was sent back with parents)
ने भाई को बोला चल कपड़ा डाल पुिलस ठाने जाना है| भाई
बोला मािलक मै नहीं हूँ| मै एक कारागीर हूँ और मेरा भाई ब�चे जब काम कर रहे थे तो वो हर महीने में एक बार
मािलक है| उसका यह कारखाना है| अब वो गाव गया है| िफर अपने गाँव में फोन करते थे और अपने पालक से बात करते
पुिलस ने भाई को बोला ठीक है वो नही आयेगा तब तक के थे| हम उनको फोन लगाकर दे देते थे| पर हमने उनसे जादा
िलए आप हमारे पास पुिलस �ााने में रहेंगे| बाते नही की थी| कभी एखाद ब�चे के पालक को मेरे से बात
मुझे उसने फ़ोन करके सब बताया| िफर मैं पैसे जमा िकया करनी होती तो वो मुझे फोन करते थेे| वैसे हमारे ब�च में बात
और तुरंत ही मुंबई आया मैंने पैसे भरा और भाई को जमानत ज�रत पड़ने पर होती थी| रेड की खबर तो मै जब गाँव में
पर छुड़ाया और सीधे कारखाने में आया ! उसिदन मैं ब�चों था तब ही मुझे िमली थी तो मैंने तुरंत सारे ब�चोंके घर में
के कोट� में गया पैसे िदया और ब�चों को छुड़ाया! संदेशा दे ही िदया था और उनको मुंबई आने के िलए बोलकर
हम गाव से िनकल गए| िफर अगले चार िदन में ब�चे के
7. Post arrest proceedings (probe in terms of पालक भी मुंबई पहुंच गए| ब�चे जब छुटे तो उनको लेकर
number of days held in custody, when bail was पालक गाँव गये| उसके बाद जादा बात नही हुई है|
given, bail amount, type of bail, time elapsed
before charge sheet was filed, 12. Awareness on laws related to child labour

मेरे भाई को बस एक िदन ही जेल में रहना पड़ा| िफर मेरे पता था पर हमे ये पता था की १४ साल के न�चे ब�चे काम
दो�त ने दुसरे िदन ही पैसा भर कर भाई की जमान कर दी| नही कर सकते है| पर १५ से उपर चलते है| इसिलए मेरे यहाँ
के तीन लड़के तो १४ से उपर के ऊ� वाले थे| रेड होने के
8. City civil Court proceedings (when was the first बाद पता चला की १८ से न�चे आयु के ब�चे काम नही कर
hearing, how many appearances, current status) सकते है| िफर भी अभी भी कई लोग कहते है १४ से उपर कर
सकते है तो कई कहते है १८ से न�चे नही काम कर सकते है|
अब तक एक बार ही कोट� में गया हूँ| अभी तारीख ही नही
पड़ी है| उसका कारण मुझे पता नहीं| 13. Status of your factory in the past five years
(details in terms of number of raids, protection
9. CWC proceedings (number of appearances, CWC money paid- whom and how much, re-employment
penalty, details of NSC certificate, custody of child) of children- reasons for that, problems faced with
owner of workshop premises if rented, rent
मै नही गया ब�चे के पालक ही CWC के सामने गए थे| हम agreement/contract)
बाहर खड़े रहकर देखते रहते थे| जब हमे बुलाया तो मािलक
कर के हमने भाई को वहाँ भेज िदया था| वो जैसे बोलते थे मेरे कारखाने में बस एक ही बार रेड हुई है| उसके बाद हमने
वैसे भाई ने हाँ बोला और २००० �पये की NSC िनकालकर ब�चा ही रखना छोड़ िदया| जगह मेरी जो है वही है| जगह के
कोट� में दे िदया| िफर उन्होंने ब�चे को छोड़ िदया| मािलक का कोई ��न नही है | वो भला आदमी है|

182
 14. Punishment for middle men/brokers. मै झूठ नही बोलूंगा पर आप इसको छपवाना मत| या हमको
नही मालुम िफरसे झमेंलेमे मत डालो| हमारे पास तो ११ ब�चे होते
थे और मै हमेशा बड़े दो कारागीर रखता था| मै खुद एक
15. Precautions owners can take to ensure that �ाइ�हेट कंपनी में नोकरी करता था| मुझे जादा धंदे पर �यान
children are not employed (such as getting an देना नहीं पड़ता था| मेरे दो कारागीर सब संभाल लेते थे| अब
age proof). ऐसा नही रहा है| लेदर वाले इस धंदे में अब मशीन से बनाया
हुआ माल और चायना वाला नकली लेदर का पर असली लेदर
अब तो रखना ही छोड़ िदया है| बड़े करिगर खाली काम पर के जैसा िदखने वाले माल जो स�ते दाम में िमलता है उसकी
रखते है| बजहसे हमे बहोत नुकसान उठाना पड़ रहा है| उपरसे ब�चों
के जगह पर बडोंको रखने से खचा� बढ गया और मुनाफा घट
16. Owner’s personal commitment to anti child गया है| अब मेरे पास चार बड़े कारागीर है| मै अब ये धंदा
labour practices. बंद करने का सोच रहाँ हूँ|

हा हमारे साथ जो हुआ वो मै सबको बताउंगा और उनको 2. Benefits of employing children to factory/workshop
कहूंगा ब�चा मत रखो| १८ आयु के नीचे| owner

17. Steps that can be taken by local community जैसे मैन

ं े उपर कहाँ उसी तरह से ब�चा बहोत मुनाफा देता था|
residents, NGOs and government to reduce
the involvement of children in child labour. 3. Processes involved in procuring children to work
in factory/workshop (states where the children
हमे नही मालुम come from, how they reach Mumbai- who comes
with them, mode of transport used, money
Thank you! exchanged- who is paid, approximate amount

Employer 4 मै जादा तर ब�चे एक आदमी से ही मंगवाता था| मैंने अपने

गाँव के अगल बगल गाँव से भी ब�चा लेना पसंद नही करता
1. Challenges faced (now and previously; difficulty in था| क्योंिक ब�चा िजतना निजक के गाँव का होता है उतना
employing labour, problems due to the decrease in उसपर दबाव बनाना मुि�कल होता था| पहले शु�वात में मैंने
employment of children, decrease in profit margins, मेरे और हमारे बगल वाले गाँव से ब�चे लाये थे पर हमें
marketing products, change in type of industry/ उसपर दबाव बनाकर रखना नही होता था| तो मेरे एक गाँव
market needs) वाल है िजसने मुझे ये धंदा िसखाया वो बोला ब�चा दुसरे
से लाया कर और वे भी बगलवाले गाँव का मत ले| िफर मै
सम�या तो पहले भी थी अब भी है| जैसे पहले ब�चा रखते थे एक आदमी है जो ब�चा लाकर देता है उससे ब�चा मंगवाने
तो पुिलस को ह�ता िखलाना पड़ता था| महीने या दो मिहनेमे लगा| ब�चा लाने की िज�मेदारी उसकी थी| उन ब�चों के घर
एक बार| िकतने ब�चे अपने कारखाने में है उस िहसाब से के लोगोंसे बात करना और कम से कम दो साल घर नहीं
ह�ता होता है| कभी कभी पुिलस जो भी मुंह खोलता था व़ो जायंगे ये वादे पर लाना ये उसकी िज�मेदारी थी| िफर हम
देना पड़ता था| ब�चा रखना भी मुि�कल था| पर उनको पैसा खाली उनसे काम िनकाल लेते थे| हर ब�चे के पीछे हम गाडी
देके कम से कम हम छुट जाते थे पर ये सं�था वाले जबसे खचा� जो भी होगा वो और १०००/- �पया देना पड़ता था| ब�चे
आ गये तो पुिलस वाले भी मानने से इनकार करने लगे| पैसा राजसमंध, उदयपुर, मेवाड़ या गोगुंदा से आते थे| हम रहने
लेकर भी रेड का डर हमेशा रहता ही था| वाले जयपुर के है| ब�चे अपने घर से बस और बाद में �ेन से
आते है|
ब�चा रखने से मुनाफा होता ही था| अगर कोई बोले नहीं
होता है तो मै कहूं�गा झूट बोलते है वो लोग| ब�चोंके िजंदगी 4. Steps taken to ensure safety and protection of
पर ही न हम बड़े हुए है| ये मै अपने िदलसे आज कबूल कर working children - to safeguard them from abuse
रहाँ हूँ| उनको कम पैसा, कम खचा� और हमको जादा मुनाफा (physical, verbal and sexual) from co-workers.
होता था|

183
उसकी कोई ज�रत नही पड़ी| हमारे बड़े कारागीर उनका वो तो आपको भी पता है| वो पुिलस वाला मेरे उपर भड़का
खयाल रखते थे| हमारे यहाँ पर ऐसा नही हो ता था| एक बड़े और बोला तो क्या मैंने बोला रखने के िलए| अंदर डाल दूँगा
कारागीर ने ऐसा करने की कोिशश ज�र की थी तो उसे हमने ना तो सब पता चलेगा| समझाना| मै चुपचाप खड़ा रहा िफर
िनकाल िदया था| वो ब�चा रहना भी नही चाहता था इसिलए उसने सब ब�चों को और मुझे लेकर पुिलस थ़ाने आये| वहाँ
उसे हमने उसके गाँव का िटकट देकर भेज िदया था| पर चार घंटा िबठा कर िफर हमे बोला आप के ब�चें को हमे
हमने कभी ब�चोंको मारा नहीं| पर डाटते ज�र थे| वो तो िच�लर �म भेजेंगे और आप को आज पुिलस थ़ाने में रहना
उनके भलाई के िलए ही ना| पड़ेगा| कल कोट� में पेशी होगी िफर छोड़ देंगे|

5. Opportunities given to children to enjoy their हमने उनको बोला कुछ करो ना| पुिलस वाला बोला अब
childhood (education, play, entertainment, keep in कुछ नही होगा ये सं�था वालो ने रेड की है| िफर हम सं�था
touch with their families) वालोंसे बात िकया वो मानने के िलए तैयार नहीं थे| िफर
पुिलस के बडे साब आये तो उनसे िमला वो बोले ब�चे
नही उसके िलए समय कहाँ िमलता था| हाँ हमने एक टेप िदखाव| ब�चोंको देखे तो वो बोला अरे ये तो बड़े है| िफर वो
रेक़ॉड�र रखा था| िजसमे रेिडओ भी था| बस उतना काफी था| पुिलस वाला बोला ब�चे बड़े है िफर से रखने का नही समझा
अगर िट�ही रखते थे तो काम पर असर हो जाने का डर था| ना| जाओ और कल िफर आकर िमलना|
ब�चों को दो महीने में एक बार घर से बात करने का मोका
देते थे| िफर मै ब�चों को लेकर कारखाने में आया| उस िदन बच गया
पर अगले िदन जाकर २०००० हजार देना पड़ा| मेरे कारखाने
6. Process followed during a raid as well as the में दो बार रेड हुई है| दुसरे बार जब रेड हुई तो मुझे पकडकर
number of times your workshop raided? (probe जेल में दो िदन के िलए डाला गया था| और दो ब�चों को
in terms of receiving prior information about the िच�लर �म में डाला था| उनको बाद में मैंने छुडाया था|
raid, details of the informant, details of the
processes of the raid, who was arrested, when the 7. Post arrest proceedings (probe in terms of
owner was arrested, any violence meted out by the number of days held in custody, when bail was
police, whom did you inform about the child being given, bail amount, type of bail, time elapsed before
taken into CWC custody) charge sheet was filed,

उस िदन मेरे कंपनी में छुट्टी थी इसिलए मैं कारखाने में मै दो िदन जेल में था िफर मुझे जमानत िमली और मै छुट
आया था| सुबह करीबन १० बजे आया था| काम का सारा गया| १०००० का जािमन देना पड़ा| अब तक केस चालु नही
िहसाब ले िलया और बस १ बजे खाना खाने के िलए िनकलने हुई है|
वाला था तब वहाँ पर एक दुसरे कारखाने का मािलक आया
वो एक अलग ओड�र के बारे में बात कर रहा था| इसिलए �क 8. City civil Court proceedings (when was the first
गया था| बात चल रही थी आचानक उसके कारखाने से एक hearing, how many appearances, current status)
लडका आया और बोला की पुिलस ने रेड मारी है सारे ब�चों
को पकड़ रहे है| वो कारखाने का मािलक वहाँ से भाग गया| अब तक केस नही चालु हुई है|
मुझे बोला ब�चों को छोड़ और तू भी भाग ले|
9. CWC proceedings (number of appearances, CWC
मैंने एक बड़े कारागीर को बोला तू इन ब�चोंको लेकर भाग| penalty, details of NSC certificate, custody of child)
बाहर ही घूमते रहो जब भी पुिलस जायेंगे तो आप िफर आ
जाना| तब तक यहाँ मत आना| समझ गया ना| िफर मंै भी ब�चे िजससे लाया था उसको बोला उसने ब�चों के माँ बाप
उतर ही रहा था की अचानक एक आदमी बोला �को उपर को बोल िदया और उन्हें मुंबई में बुला िलया| िफर ब�चों
ही रहों| और िफर वो उपर चढने लगा| उसके साथ साथ और के कोट� में जाकर हमने हर ब�चों के िलए ६००० की NSC
तीन लोग आये उसमे दो पुिलस वाले थे| एक पुिलस वाले को िनकालकर देनी पड़ी| उस िदन से अब तक ब�चा नही रखा
मै पहचान ता था क्यों की वो ही हमेशा हमसे ह�ता ले जाता है| बस अब नही रखेंगे| वैसे तो धंदा ही बंद करने का सोच
था| उसको मैंने पूछा क्या हुआ वो बोला ब�चों को काम पर रहे है|
रखवाना जुम� है| िफर क्यों रखते हो| मैंने गलती से बोला

184
 10. Labour court/department proceedings (notice 14. Punishment for middle men/brokers.
from labour court, number of appearances,
revoking of license -by whom, reissue- by whom, नही उसको कुछ नही हुआ
problems and challenges faced in this process,
inspections by labour officer/BMC post raid, ) 15. Precautions owners can take to ensure that
children are not employed (such as getting
नही अब तक कोई नहीं आया है| हाँ ये सं�था वाले ज�र an ageproof).
आते है| देखने के िलए की ब�चे रखे है या कैसे|
बाकी लोगों को मालुम नही पर मै तो अभी कभी ब�चे काम
11. Interaction with child’s parents (during the period पर नही रखूगँ ा| ब�चा रखना ही नही है तो िफर एज ��फ रखने
of employment of the child, immediately after the का कोई सवाल ही नही है|
raid, after the child was taken into CWC custody,
after child was sent back with parents) 16. Owner’s personal commitment to anti child
labour practices.
हमने पहले से ही ब�चों के पालक से संपक� नही रखा था| जो
आदमी हमे ब�चे लाकर देता था उसको ही हमने बोला िफर नही मै खुद नही रखूग
ँ ा बस इतना ही |
उसने ही सारा इंतजाम करवाया था| मुझे उसके बार में नहीं
मालुम| जब वो पालक आये थे तो उनका आने जाने का और 17. Steps that can be taken by local community
रहने का खचा� खाली हमने दे िदया था| बाकी सारा वो आदमी residents, NGOs and government to reduce the
ने ही करवाया था| हमारा ८०००/- उसके िलए गया| वैसे देखा involvement of children in child labour.
गया तो हमे कम से कम ३००००/- खचा� करना पड़ा| बहुत
महंगा पड़ा| गरीबी कम नही होगी तब तक ब�चा काम पर जायेगा ही| हमे
नही पता उसके िलए क्या करना चािहए|
12. Awareness on laws related to child labour
Thank you!
हमे पता था की ब�चा रखना जुम� है िफर सोचा था की
पुिलस वालों को ह�ता देता हूँ तो सब वो संभाल लेंगे| पर
वैसा नही हुआ| अब कभी भी कानून नही तोड़ेंगे|

13. Status of your factory in the past five years

(details in terms of number of raids, protection
money paid- whom and how much, re-employment
of children- reasons for that, problems faced with
owner of workshop premises if rented, rent
agreement/contract)

पहले पुिलस को हर दो महीने में २०००/- �पया देना पड़ता था

और हमारे धंदा के मंडल को हर महीने ५००/- देना पड़ता था|
अभी सं�था के िसवाय कोई भी देखने के िलए नही आते है|

185
NOTES

186
 CONTACT US
About CRY
'Child Rights and You' is an Indian NGO that believes in every child's right to a childhood- to live, learn,
grow and play. For over 30 years, CRY and its 200 partner NGOs have worked with parents and
communities to ensure lasting change in the lives if more than 2,000,000 under privileged children
across 23 states in India. For more information please visit us at www.cry.org

CRY OFFICES
Mumbai / Pune Bengaluru
CRY - Child Rights and You CRY - Child Rights and You
189/A Anand Estate, Madhavi Mansion
Sane Guruji Marg, 12/3-1, Bachammal Road
Mumbai - 400 011. Cox Town, Bengaluru - 560 005.
Tel - 91-22- 23063647/3651/1740 Tel - 91-80-2548 8574/4952/4065
23098324/6472/6845 Mobile - 0-9900822828
Fax - 91-22-23080726 Fax - 91-80-2548 7355.
e-mail: cryinfo.mum@crymail.org e-mail: cryinfo.blr@crymail.org

Chennai Kolkata
CRY - Child Rights and You CRY - Child Rights and You
No. 11, 16th Avenue, Harrington Road 152, Kalikapur, Gitanjali Park,
Chennai - 600 031. New No. 8,2nd Street,
Tel - 91-044-2836 5545/47/49 Kolkata - 700 099.
Fax - 91-044-2836 5548. Tel - 91-33-2416 0007/8057/ 8069
Fax - 91-33-2416 3322
Hyderabad (Representative office) e-mail: cryinfo.cal@crymail.org
CRY - Child Rights and You
Ms. Sravanthi Mocherla CARE OFFICE
c/o Tata Business Support Services Ltd. Committed Action for Relief and Education (CARE)
1st Floor, Gowra Trinity, Chiran Fort Lane, Begumpet Near Sanskardham College, Near A-1 Bakery
Hyderabad - 500 016 Goregoan (West), Mumbai- 400 062
Mobile: 09948097127
e-mail: cryinfo.hyd@crymail.org

New Delhi and Global Operations

CRY - Child Rights and You
632, Lane No.3, Westend Marg,
Near Saket Metro Station, Saiyad-ul-Ajaib
New Delhi - 110 030.
Tel - 91-11-29533451/52/53
Fax - 91-11-29533732
e-mail: cryinfo.del@crymail.org

187
EVERY ADULT EARNS
EVERY CHILD LEARNS