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Rules of Differentiation: Example

The document discusses the rules of differentiation. It introduces differentiation and its objectives. It then discusses 8 key rules for differentiation: the constant function rule, identity function rule, power rule, constant multiple rule, rule of linearity, product rule, quotient rule, and chain rule. Examples are provided for each rule. Exercises are included at the end to allow students to practice applying the rules.

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joshua montoya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
125 views

Rules of Differentiation: Example

The document discusses the rules of differentiation. It introduces differentiation and its objectives. It then discusses 8 key rules for differentiation: the constant function rule, identity function rule, power rule, constant multiple rule, rule of linearity, product rule, quotient rule, and chain rule. Examples are provided for each rule. Exercises are included at the end to allow students to practice applying the rules.

Uploaded by

joshua montoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION

INTRODUCTION

Differentiation is a process of finding a function that outputs the rate of change of one
variable with respect to another variable. It helps us solve many types of real problems. We use
derivative to determine the maximum and minimum values of particular functions.

OBJECTIVES

 Each student needs to understand the 8 rules of differentiation.


 They need to understand when to use the rules of differentiation.
 They need to know how to properly derive equations.

DISCUSSION

Determining the derivative of a function from first principles requires a long calculation
and it is easy to make mistakes. However, we can use these methods of finding the derivative
from first principles to obtain rules which make finding the derivative of a function much
simpler.

Rules for Differentiation:

1. Constant Function Rule

The derivative of a constant is equal to zero. Example:

Let f(x) = k, where k is a real constant. Then 𝑓(𝑥) = 50

f’(x) = (k)’ = 0 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟎

2. Identity Function Rules

The derivative of 𝑥 is equal to one. Example:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = (1)6𝑥1−1


𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟔

3. Power Rule

For any real number 𝑛, the product of the exponent 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:


times x with the exponent reduced by 1 is the 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3

derivative of a power of x. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (3)6𝑥 3−1

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛(𝑥 𝑛−1 ) 𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐

4. Constant Multiple Rule

The derivative of a constant multiplied by a function Example:

is equal to the constant multiplied by the derivative 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 4

of the function. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4)5𝑥 4−1

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑥 𝑛 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟑

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑛(𝑥 𝑛−1 )

5. Rule of Linearity

The derivative of any linear combination of functions Example:

equals the same linear combination of the derivatives 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 2

of the functions. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4)𝑥 4−1 + (2)8𝑥 2−1


𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑢 ± 𝑣) = ± 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢(𝑥) + 𝑣(𝑥) 𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔𝒙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

6. Product Rule

It is a formal rule for differentiating problems where 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:

One function is multiplied by another. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 2)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑢(𝑥) ∙ 𝑣(𝑥) 𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑢′ = 2


𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑢(𝑥) ∙ (𝑑𝑥) + 𝑣(𝑥) ∙ (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑣 = 𝑥2 + 2 𝑣 ′ = 2𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑢𝑣 ′ + 𝑣𝑢′

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥)(2𝑥) + (𝑥 + 2)(2)

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒
7. Quotient Rule

It is the quantity of the denominator times the 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:


2𝑥
derivative of the numerator minus the numerator 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

of the denominator all over the denominator squared. 𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑢′ = 2


𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑣(𝑥)∙ −𝑢(𝑥)∙
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 = 𝑥2 𝑣 ′ = 2𝑥
(𝑣(𝑥))2

(𝑥 2 )(2)−(2𝑥)(2𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (𝑥 2 )2

2𝑥 2 −4𝑥 2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥4

𝟐𝒙𝟐
𝒇′ (𝒙) = − 𝒙𝟒

8. Chain Rule

It is the formula for computing the derivative of the 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:

composition of two or more functions. 𝑓(𝑥) = (5𝑥 − 3)3

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑢(𝑥))𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)=3(5𝑥 − 3)3−1 ∙ 5

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛(𝑢(𝑥))𝑛−1 ∙ 𝑢′(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3((5𝑥 − 3))2 ∙ 5

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3[25𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 9](5)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (75𝑥 2 − 90𝑥 + 27)(5)

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟑𝟓


EXERCISES

Find the derivative of the following:

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 4
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 125𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥(𝑥 2 + 4)
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑐 + 4)2
3𝑚
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚4
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 100𝑥 6
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 75𝑟 3 + 𝑟 2
8. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑧(3𝑧 2 − 9)
9. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑡 4 − 10𝑡 2 + 13𝑡
4𝑥 3 −7𝑥+8
10. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
SOLUTION:

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 4

𝑓 ′(𝑥) = (3)6𝑥 3−1 − (1)9𝑥 + (0)4

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 125𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (1)125𝑥 1−1

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥(𝑥 2 + 4)

𝑢 = 3𝑥 𝑢’ = 3

𝑣 = 𝑥2 + 4 𝑣 ′ = 2𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (3𝑥)(2𝑥) + (𝑥 2 + 4)(3)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 2 + 12

𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑐 + 4)2


u = 2c+4 u’ = 2
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2(2𝑐 + 4)2−1 ∙(2)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (4𝑐 + 8) ∙ 2
𝒇′ (𝒙) = (𝟖𝒄 + 𝟏𝟔)
3𝑚
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚4
u = 3m u’ = 3
v = m4 v’ = 4m3
(𝑚4 ∙ 3) − (3𝑚 ∙ 4𝑚3 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑚4 )2
(3𝑚4 ) − (12𝑚4 )
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑚8
𝟗𝒎
𝒇′ (𝒙) = −
𝒎𝟒
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = 100𝑥 6
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟓
7. 𝑓′(𝑥) = 75𝑟 3 + 𝑟 2
𝑓′(𝑥) = 225𝑟 3−1 + 2𝑟 2−1
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝒓

8. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑧(3𝑧 2 − 9)
u=z u’ = 1
2
v = 3z − 9 v’ = 6z
𝑓′(𝑥) = (𝑧)(6𝑧) + (3𝑧 2 − 9)(1)
𝑓′(𝑥) = 6𝑧 2 + (3𝑧 2 − 9)
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟗𝒛𝟐 − 𝟗
9. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑡 4 − 10𝑡 2 + 13𝑡
𝑓(𝑥) = 8(2𝑡 4−1 ) − 2(10𝑡 2−1 ) + 1(13𝑡 1−1 )
𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟖𝒕𝟑 − 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝟏𝟑
4𝑥 3 −7𝑥+8
10. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
u = 4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 8 u’ = 12𝑥 2 − 7
v=x v’ = 1
(𝑥)(12𝑥 − 7) − (4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 8)(1)
2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥)2
′ (𝑥)
(12𝑥 3 − 7𝑥) − (4𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 8)
𝑓 =
𝑥2
3
8𝑥 + 8
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥2
3−2
8𝑥 + 8𝑥 0−2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
𝑥 2−2
𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟖𝒙−𝟐

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