Noise Barriers and Standards For Mitigating Noise: Jean-Pierre Clairbois, Massimo Garai

Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise
Jean-Pierre Clairbois
Noise barriers and standards

for mitigating noise
Jean-Pierre Clairbois1 , Massimo Garai2
1
convenor of CEN TC226 WG6, c/o A-tech / Acoustic technologies
Rue Montagne aux Anges 26, 1081 Brussels, Belgium
2 convenor of CEN TC256 SC1 WG40, c/o Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN),
University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
CEDR Conference on Road Traffic Noise, Hamburg, 8th & 9th of September 2015 1
Content of the presentation

1. Introduction
2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)
3. The whole framework under the product standard
4. The supporting standards:
a. Acoustic performances
b. Non-Acoustic performances
c. Long term performances
d. Sustainability
5. Conclusions
1. Introduction
CEN / TC226 / WG6: Working Group started in 1990
TC226 : Technical Committee for road equipment
WG6 : Working Group for Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

WG6 has 4 dedicated Task Groups:
 TG1. acoustic characteristics
 TG2. non acoustic characteristics
(mechanical, safety & environmental)
 TG3. fire concerns (reaction to fire)
 TG4. sustainability

Noise barriers

Noise barriers
(Absorptive) Claddings

Noise barriers
Road Covers

Noise barriers
Road Covers
(Structural Elements)
Added Devices

Noise barriers
Road Covers
(Structural Elements)
Added Devices
All those devices are now covered by EN standards
3.The whole framework under the product standard

noise reducing
devices (NRD's)
acoustic non acoustic

characteristics characteristics
insertion loss intrinsic mechanical safety environmental

(extrinsic) characteristics characteristics characteristics characteristics
sound absorption airborne sound intrinsic

or reflection insulation diffraction
depends on the
environment
reflected wave absorbed wave diffracted wave
transmitted wave

noise reducing
devices (NRD's)



Durability
Sustainabilty
depends on the
environment

noise reducing
devices (NRD's) Product standard
Supporting standards


Durability
Sustainabilty
depends on the
environment
Road traffic noise reducing devices

(product) Specifications
EN 14388 (2015) Product standard
Test method for determining the acoustic performance Non acoustic performance Procedures for assessing long term performance
set of EN 1793 set of EN 1794 set of EN14389
Part 1 : Intrinsic characteristics of Part 1 : Mechanical performance Part 1 : acoustical characteristics

sound absorption and stability requirements EN 14389-1 (2015)
under diffuse sound field conditions EN 1794-1 (2011)
EN 1793-1 (2012)
Part 2 : Intrinsic characteristics of Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics

airborne sound insulation wind load and static load EN 14389-2 (2015)
under diffuse sound field conditions
EN 1793-2 (2012) self weight
Part 3 : Normalized traffic noise spectrum impact of stones

EN 1793-3 (1997)
safety in collision Sustainability
(work started)
dynamic load from snow clearance
Part 4 : Intrinsic characteristics in situ values
of sound diffraction Part 2 : General safety and
EN 1793-4 (2015) environmental requirements
EN 1794-2 (2011)
Supporting standards
of sound reflection
under direct sound field conditions resistance to brushwood fire EN 14388 is an Harmonized standard
EN 1793-5 (2015)
risk of falling debris under CPR 305/2011
of airborne sound insulation environmental protection (Construction Product Regulation)
under direct sound field conditions
EN 1793-6 (2012) means of escape in emergency
light reflection
transparency
Part 3: Reaction to fire, Burning behaviour

and classification
EN 1794-3 (2016)
4. a. Acoustic characteristics Acoustic

characteristics
DIFFUSE sound field DIRECT sound field

ONLY for tunnels laboratory in-Situ
ISO Adrienne & Quiesst
AND based methods based methods
Sound absorption Sound reflection

EN 1793-1 prEN 1793-5
≈
Sound insulation Sound insulation
EN 1793-2 EN 1793-6
Reference spectrum Reference spectrum

EN 1793-3 EN 1793-3
e = w + h1 + h2
intrinsic Diffraction index
w / e ≤ 0,25
products difference
characteristics EN 1793-4
Pure “in laboratory” tests

characteristics

ALL the other
ISO Adrienne & Quiesst « open field »
AND based methods based methods applications…
INCLUDING in-situ
EN 1793-1 prEN 1793-5
products / works
validations

EN 1793-2 EN 1793-6
“In situ tests” characterising NRD’s

• “as they are used”
EN 1793-3 EN 1793-3 • “where they are used”
e = w + h1 + h2
• that 1793-1 and -2 are unable to
intrinsic Diffraction index (e.g.: non flat NRD’s)
w / e ≤ 0,25
Pure “in laboratory” tests

products
characteristics
difference
EN 1793-4 • year after year in situ control
… reminder: history of NRDs testing

NRDs previously always tested under diffuse field (ISO)
open field
diffuse field
But MOST of the NRDs are used under

DIRECT sound field conditions:
 Need for corresponding fair test methods
Adrienne (1998)
QUIESST(2012)
ADRIENNE QUIESST

characteristics

ALL the other
ISO Adrienne & Quiesst « open field »
+ based methods based methods applications…
INCLUDING in-situ
EN 1793-1 prEN 1793-5
products / works
validations

EN 1793-2 EN 1793-6
In situ tests, characterising NRD’s

• “as they are used”
EN 1793-3 EN 1793-3 • “where they are used”
e = w + h1 + h2
• that 1793-1 and -2 are unable to
intrinsic Diffraction index (e.g.: non flat NRD’s)
w / e ≤ 0,25
Pure in laboratory tests
products
characteristics
difference
EN 1793-4 • year after year in situ control
1793-1 sound absorption (diffuse sound field)

 ISO 354 based laboratory method with specific mounting
conditions (following the intended use…)
 This standard was the 1st one used since more than 30 years for
characterizing NRD, whatever they intended use: now, thanks to
1793-5, its use is restricted to diffuse field applications
hf
1 2
4 3
1793-2 sound insulation (diffuse sound field)

 ISO 10140 (set of standards) based laboratory method with
specific mounting conditions (following the intended use…)
 This standard was also the one previously used for characterizing
NRDs, whatever they intended use: now, thanks to 1793-6, its use
is restricted to diffuse field applications
1793-5 sound reflection (diffuse sound field)
Impulse responses acquisition: near the sample,

and in the free field,
with a 9 microphones array under direct sound field
1793-6 sound insulation (direct sound field)
Impulse responses acquisition: near the sample,

and in the free field,
with a 9 microphones array under direct sound field
1793-6 sound insulation (direct sound field)

Airborne sound insulation measurements are done:
through the acoustic elements AND at the posts
(intrinsic) sound diffraction

Specific NRD’s designed to be added on the top of
existing NRD’s
“ADDED DEVICES”
their effectiveness strongly depends on “source-

receiver” relative positions → extremely varying
effectiveness
can we characterise an “intrinsic diffraction” ?
→ definition of diffraction index
the diffraction index difference characterises
the added device
1793-6 sound diffraction (direct sound field)

Measurements with and
without the added device
on a reflective wall and
on an absorptive wall →
∆DI refl = DI ad ,refl − DI 0,refl
with without
∆DI abs = DI ad ,abs − DI 0,abs

4. b. Non acoustic characteristics

Non acoustic performance
set of EN 1794
Part 1 : Mechanical performance

and stability requirements
EN 1794-1 (2011)
Part 2 : General safety and

environmental requirements
EN 1794-2 (2011)
Part 3: Reaction to fire

Burning behaviour and classification
EN 1794-3 (2016)

Part 1 : Mechanical performance
and stability requirements
EN 1794-1 (2011)
wind load and static load
self weight
impact of stones
safety in collision
dynamic load from snow clearance

Part 2 : General safety and
environmental requirements
EN 1794-2 (2011)
resistance to brushwood fire
risk of falling debris
environmental protection
means of escape in emergency
light reflection
transparency
Risk of falling debris

(now: shattered properties)
in case of severe impact:

 dangerous debris
 panel detachment
 restraint systems may be

necessary
Environmental protection
identify products or constituent materials that could

have with time adverse effects on the environment:
 under natural exposure
 in case of fire
also:
identify products or materials that could be recycled
Light reflection
smooth surfaces
depending on the angle of
incidence
danger of disability glare
for drivers
specific of products and
site conditions
Part 3: Reaction to fire

Burning behaviour and classification
EN 1794-3 (2016)
4. c. Long term performances

Procedures for assessing long term performance
set of EN14389
Part 1 : acoustical characteristics

EN 14389-1 (2015)
Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics

EN 14389-2 (2015)
 durability of NRD is a very sensitive matter as NRD’s can be:

 made of different materials
 combine different materials
 different materials are not ageing in the same way
 combination of different materials can drastically affect ageing
 ageing affects NRD’s acoustic and non acoustic characteristics

set of EN14389

EN 14389-1 (2015)

EN 14389-2 (2015)
 durability of NRD is a very sensitive matter as NRD’s can be:

 made of different materials
 combine different materials
 different materials are not ageing in the same way
 combination of different materials can drastically affect ageing
 ageing affects NRD’s acoustic and non acoustic characteristics

set of EN14389

EN 14389-1 (2015)

EN 14389-2 (2015)
4. d. Sustainability
Social
Technical Technical Social
4. 1.
Removal/Demolition Design/Consultancy/
Planning
Economical Economical
Environmental Environmental
Sustainability of a NRD
project throughout its
whole lifecycle
Technical Social
(4 stages !!!)
2.
Construction/
Technical Social Manufacturing/
Contracting
Economical
3.
Usage/Maintenance/ Environmental
Repair
Economical
Environmental TG 4 is now defining sustainability

through key performance indicators (KPI
for measuring, monitoring, and reporting
the NRD sustainability performances
5. Conclusions
since 1990, CEN TC226 WG6 drafts a comprehensive
set of standards allowing fair comparison of different
Road Noise Reducing Devices (NRD) on the EU market
These standards do consider the major characteristics
that every project should include in order to have
optimized noise reduction for many years
This endlessly challenging work implies
all the relevant EU stakeholders
The standards are continuously updated in order to be
in line with the state of the art
Noise barriers and standards

for mitigating noise
Jean-Pierre Clairbois1 , Massimo Garai2
1
convenor of CEN TC226 WG6, c/o A-tech / Acoustic technologies
Rue Montagne aux Anges 26, 1081 Brussels, Belgium
2 convenor of CEN TC256 SC1 WG40, c/o Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN),
University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy

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Noise barriers and standards for mitigating noise

Noise barriers and standards

University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy

Content of the presentation

TC226 : Technical Committee for road equipment

WG6 : Working Group for Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

2. The Noise Reducing Devices (NRDs)

All those devices are now covered by EN standards

3.The whole framework under the product standard

acoustic non acoustic

insertion loss intrinsic mechanical safety environmental

sound absorption airborne sound intrinsic

3.The whole framework under the product standard

reflected wave absorbed wave diffracted wave

3.The whole framework under the product standard

acoustic non acoustic

insertion loss intrinsic mechanical safety environmental

sound absorption airborne sound intrinsic

3.The whole framework under the product standard

insertion loss intrinsic mechanical safety environmental

sound absorption airborne sound intrinsic

Road traffic noise reducing devices

Part 1 : Intrinsic characteristics of Part 1 : Mechanical performance Part 1 : acoustical characteristics

Part 2 : Intrinsic characteristics of Part 2 : non-acoustical characteristics

Part 3 : Normalized traffic noise spectrum impact of stones

Part 3: Reaction to fire, Burning behaviour

4. a. Acoustic characteristics Acoustic

DIFFUSE sound field DIRECT sound field

Sound absorption Sound reflection

Reference spectrum Reference spectrum

4. a. Acoustic characteristics Acoustic

DIFFUSE sound field DIRECT sound field

Sound insulation Sound insulation

Reference spectrum Reference spectrum

Pure “in laboratory” tests

… reminder: history of NRDs testing

But MOST of the NRDs are used under

 Need for corresponding fair test methods

4. a. Acoustic characteristics Acoustic

DIFFUSE sound field DIRECT sound field

Sound insulation Sound insulation

Reference spectrum Reference spectrum

1793-1 sound absorption (diffuse sound field)

1793-2 sound insulation (diffuse sound field)

1793-5 sound reflection (diffuse sound field)

Impulse responses acquisition: near the sample,

1793-6 sound insulation (direct sound field)

Impulse responses acquisition: near the sample,

1793-6 sound insulation (direct sound field)

(intrinsic) sound diffraction

their effectiveness strongly depends on “source-

1793-6 sound diffraction (direct sound field)

∆DI refl = DI ad ,refl − DI 0,refl

∆DI abs = DI ad ,abs − DI 0,abs