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    Fractional Distillation - Worksheet

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    chxrlottemoore
    The document discusses fractional distillation and its use in separating crude oil into its different hydrocarbon fractions. It provides tasks for students to complete, including matching fractions like petrol, kerosene and diesel to their common uses. It explains that fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate mixtures based on varying boiling points, which depend on intermolecular forces that increase with chain length. Shorter hydrocarbon chains condense at the top of the column as they have lower boiling points, while longer chains condense at the bottom.

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    Fractional Distillation - Worksheet

    Uploaded by

    chxrlottemoore
    24 views12 pages
    The document discusses fractional distillation and its use in separating crude oil into its different hydrocarbon fractions. It provides tasks for students to complete, including matching fractions like petrol, kerosene and diesel to their common uses. It explains that fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate mixtures based on varying boiling points, which depend on intermolecular forces that increase with chain length. Shorter hydrocarbon chains condense at the top of the column as they have lower boiling points, while longer chains condense at the bottom.

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    The document discusses fractional distillation and its use in separating crude oil into its different hydrocarbon fractions. It provides tasks for students to complete, including matching fractions like petrol, kerosene and diesel to their common uses. It explains that fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate mixtures based on varying boiling points, which depend on intermolecular forces that increase with chain length. Shorter hydrocarbon chains condense at the top of the column as they have lower boiling points, while longer chains condense at the bottom.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views12 pages

    Fractional Distillation - Worksheet

    Uploaded by

    chxrlottemoore
    The document discusses fractional distillation and its use in separating crude oil into its different hydrocarbon fractions. It provides tasks for students to complete, including matching fractions like petrol, kerosene and diesel to their common uses. It explains that fractional distillation uses a fractionating column to separate mixtures based on varying boiling points, which depend on intermolecular forces that increase with chain length. Shorter hydrocarbon chains condense at the top of the column as they have lower boiling points, while longer chains condense at the bottom.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Chemistry - Key Stage 4

    Organic Chemistry

    Fractional distillation
    Worksheet

    Dr. Patel
    Independent task 1
    Link the substance with its common use.

    1. Petrol
    a) Manufacture of chemicals
    2. Naphtha
    b) Used for laying roads
    3. Kerosene
    c) Fuel for cars
    4. Diesel

    5. Bitumen d) Fuel for aircrafts

    e) Fuel for cars, vans and lorries

    2
    Independent task 2
    Label each letter with the correct fraction G
    <20°C
    name.
    Support: F
    20-70°C
    ● Naphtha
    ● Refinery gas 70-160°C E
    ● Diesel
    ● Kerosene 160-250°C D
    ● Bitumen
    ● Petrol 250-350°C
    C
    B
    >350°C
    A
    400°C

    3
    Independent task 3
    1. What is the link between chain length and boiling point?

    2. Where is the fractionating column the hottest/coldest?

    3. What happens at the top of the fractionating column?

    4. What happens at the bottom of the fractionating column?

    5. How can the fractions naphtha, kerosene and bitumen from crude oil be used?

    4
    Independent task 4
    Copy and complete the following sentences.

    Fractional distillation is used to...

    To carry this out, a f_______________ c____________ has to be used.

    The hydrocarbons are separated out based on their c______ l________ as this determines their b________ p_______
    due to the strength of the i_______________ forces.

    Longer chained molecules have h_________ boiling points because they have s___________ i________________
    f__________ of attraction between m__________. This means more e_____ is required to break the i______________
    forces of attraction.

    Shorter chained molecules, on the other hand have ...

    5
    Exam-style question review
    Describe and explain how the fractions are separated in a fractionating column

    6
    Answers

    7
    Independent task 1
    Link the substance with its common use.

    1. Petrol
    a) Manufacture of chemicals
    2. Naphtha
    b) Used for laying roads
    3. Kerosene
    c) Fuel for cars
    4. Diesel

    5. Bitumen d) Fuel for aircrafts

    e) Fuel for cars, vans and lorries

    8
    Independent task 2 Refinery gas
    <20°C
    Petrol
    20-70°C

    Naphtha
    70-160°C

    Kerosene
    160-250°C

    Diesel
    250-350°C

    Bitumen
    >350°C
    Heated crude oil
    400°C

    9
    Independent task 3
    1. What is the link between chain length and boiling point?
    The longer the chain length, the higher the boiling point.
    OR The shorter the chain length, the lower the boiling point.

    2. Where is the fractionating column the hottest/coldest?


    Hottest at the bottom and coldest at the top.

    3. What happens at the top of the fractionating column?


    Fractions with the lowest boiling points condense (short-chain hydrocarbons).

    4. What happens at the bottom of the fractionating column?


    Fractions with the highest boiling points condense (long-chain hydrocarbons).

    5. How can the fractions naphtha, kerosene and bitumen from crude oil be used?
    Naphtha is used in the manufacture of chemicals.
    Kerosene is used as a fuel for aircrafts.
    Bitumen is used for laying roads.

    10
    Independent task 4
    Fractional distillation is used to separate the mixture of compounds in crude oil.

    To carry this out, a fractionating column has to be used.

    The hydrocarbons are separated out based on their chain length as this determines their boiling point due to the
    strength of the intermolecular forces.

    Longer chained molecules have higher boiling points because they have stronger intermolecular forces of attraction
    between molecules. This means more energy is required to break the intermolecular forces of attraction.

    Shorter chained molecules, on the other hand have lower boiling points because they have weaker intermolecular
    forces of attraction between molecules. This means less energy is needed to break the weaker intermolecular
    forces of attraction.

    11
    Exam-style question review
    Describe and explain how the fractions are separated in a fractionating column

    ● Crude oil is a mixture which is heated until it vaporises


    ● It is pumped into a fractionating column which is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
    ● Vapour rises through the column
    ● The different hydrocarbon vapours condense when their temperature falls below their boiling point
    ● Shorter chained hydrocarbons with lower boiling points condense at the top of the column because they
    have weaker intermolecular forces between the molecules
    ● Longer chained hydrocarbons with higher boiling points condense at the bottom of the column because
    they have more intermolecular forces between the molecules

    12

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