AGRICULTURAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
Lecture 1
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What are Wastes?

• (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage,
junk, litter, and ort)
• are materials that are not prime products (that is
products produced for the market) for which the
generator has no further use in terms of his/her own
purposes of production, transformation or consumption,
and of which he/she wants to dispose United Nations
Statistics Division (U.N.S.D.):.
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Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial
and industrial wastes

Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,

cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other
sources
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Classification of Wastes according to

their Properties

Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper,
wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded
(plastics, bottles, old
machines, cans, styrofoam
containers and others)
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Classification of Wastes according to

their Effects on Human Health and the
Environment
• Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially,
industrially, agriculturally, or economically and have any
of the following properties- ignitability, corrosivity,
reactivity & toxicity.

• Non-hazardous
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and do not have any of
those properties mentioned above. These substances
usually create disposal problems.
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Classification of Wastes according to

their Effects on Human Health and the
Environment
• Hazardous wastes • Non-hazardous
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Classification of wastes according to

their origin and type
• Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction
& demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed
by any municipality.
• Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end
products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical sciences.
• Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing &
processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary &
paper etc.
• Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming
activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable.
• Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are extensively found in
coastal & estuarine areas.
• Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are byproducts
of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities,
may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc.
• E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be
described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components,
such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Be or brominated flame retardants.
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Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and Industry

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AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Maintain acceptable environmental standards
 PD 1586: Philippine Environmental Impact Statement
System
 RA 8749: Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1999
 RA 9275: Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
 RA 6969: Philippine Toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Waste Act
 RA 9003: Philippine Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (PESWMA) of 2000
 RA 9729: Climate Change Act of 2009
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PRINCIPLES OF FOUR R’S (Hierarchy)

• Reduce the amount of waste product generated
• Reuse the waste product on the farm
• Recycle the product
• Recover methane gas from manure waste
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Planning Considerations
• Planning an Agricultural Waste Management System
(AWMS) involves the same process used for any type
of natural resource management system, such as an
erosion control system.
• However, different resource concerns, management
requirements, practices, environmental effects, and
economic effects must be considered.
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources

• SOIL
• WATER
• AIR
• PLANTS
• ANIMALS
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
SOIL
• Most often medium used in the final assimilation of
many of the agricultural waste products.
• Waste must be applied to the soil so that the
constituents in the waste do not exceed the soil’s
capacity to adsorb and store them.
• Application of wastes at a rate that exceeds the soil’s
infiltration rate can result in runoff
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
WATER
• Maintaining or improving the quality of surface and
ground water is an important aspect in planning

• The objective is to exclude unneeded clean water

and capture polluted water for storage or treatment
for subsequent use
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
AIR
• has an adverse impact on the air resource
• Agricultural activities both absorb and produce
greenhouse gases
• Air movement, humidity, and the odors air may carry
from the AWMS must be considered.
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
PLANTS
• used to recycle the nutrients available in agricultural
waste, screen undesirable views, channel or funnel
wind, reduce noise, modify temperature, or prevent
erosion.
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
ANIMALS

• Must be compatible with the type of animals involved

• should also consider hazards from disease, parasites,

and insects.
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
SOCIAL
• must be planned so that the social effect on a
community is minimized.
• Measures to minimize odors and maximize landscape
compatibility must be included.
• Potential hazards are numerous. Safety measures
need to be incorporated into structures and must be
stressed in operation and maintenance plans.
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Planning for Protection of Natural

Resources
CULTURAL
• Any cultural resources discovered onsite during the
planning process must be evaluated

ECONOMIC
• Average annual costs and associated benefits should be
developed for the evaluation. Average annual costs are
the initial costs amortized plus necessary operation,
maintenance, and replacement costs.
• The value of agricultural wastes must also be considered
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Conservation Planning Process

(l) identify the problem
(2) determine the objectives
(3) inventory the resources
(4) analyze the resource data
(5) formulate alternative solutions
(6) evaluate alternative solutions
(7) client determines a course of action
(8) client implements the plan
(9) evaluation of the results of the plan
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Conservation Planning Process

(l) Identify the Problem
- decision makers need to know what problems,
potential problems.

(2) Determine the Objectives

- to plan the AWMS that is acceptable and will be
implemented
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Conservation Planning Process

(3) Inventory the Resources
- planner must assure that the resource inventory
data are complete to the extent that they can be used to
develop alternatives for a proposed AWMS.
a. Type of Enterprise
b. Size of Enterprise
c. Site Location
d. Land availability
e. Soil
f. Topography etc.
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Conservation Planning Process

(4) Analyze the Resource Data
Production – type, origin, amount, consistency &
constituents of waste.
Collection – method of collection (i.e. scraping ,
flushing, etc.)
Storage – waste storage pond or structure
Treatment – waste treatment lagoon to minimize
concentration
Transfer – through pipeline
Utilization – intended for land application, etc.
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ANALYZE THE RESOURCE DATA

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Conservation Planning Process

(5) Formulate Alternative Solutions
- It is used to develop alternative AWMS’s based
on the analysis of the inventory data as catalogue
into one of the six functions of an AWMS.

(6) Evaluate Alternative Solutions

- alternative solutions need to be evaluated to
determine if they meet the objectives, solve the
problem, and are socially, culturally and economically
acceptable.
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Conservation Planning Process

(7) Client Determines a Course of Action
- the decision maker must select one system
from among the alternatives developed by the
planner.

(8) Client Implements the Plan

(9) Evaluation of the Results of the Plan
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“Agricultural Waste By-product can be

economically valuable resources when
managed correctly”
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THANK YOU!