Final Group 6 Stem 12

SCENTED ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY BULLETIN BOARD
A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2

New Generation International School, Barangay San Agustin
Trece Martires City, Cavite
by
ALMAIDAH GUNDUL MALA

MARK DANIEL MALINAO NITO
GIAN SHIN MIYAZAWA RAMOS
ALYSSA KAYE DELA CRUZ YU
First Semester
SY 2018-2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty God, for giving them
protection, health and inspiration to complete the research process.
The researchers also wishes to extend their heartfelt thanks to the following
persons:
Their parents, for the moral and financial support;
Emmanuel D. Ramos, Principal, for giving him the permission to undertake this
research;
Marinelia A. Torrea, Practical Research 2 Teacher, for teaching them research
skills, and for final editing the thesis manuscript;
Juliet Marie V. Reyes, Research Paper Advisor, for giving them suggestions on
how to conduct the study;
Friends and classmates for their continuous support and financial assistance in
conducting the survey;
To the selected senior high school students at the New Generation International
School, for providing the data during the survey, and to all those whose names have been
inadvertently omitted, a lot of thanks.
The Researchers
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page …………………………………………………. i
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………. ii
Table of Contents …………………………………………………. iii
List of Tables …………………………………………………. v
List of Figure …………………………………………………. vi
Abstract …………………………………………………. vii
Chapter
I INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study …………………………………. 1
Statement of the Problem …………………………………. 3
Null Hypothesis …………………………………. 3
Conceptual Framework …………………………………. 4
Significance of the Study …………………………………. 4
Scope and Delimitation …………………………………. 5
Definition of Terms …………………………………. 6
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Bulletin Board …………………………………. 8
Newspaper …………………………………. 9
Talahib (Saccharum Spontaneum) Leaves …………………… 11
Laurel …………………………………. 17
Fu Shen …………………………………. 19
iii
Flour …………………………………. 20
III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………………………. 22
Setting of the Study …………………………………. 22
Samples and the Respondent …………………………………. 22
Sampling Procedure …………………………………. 24
Research Instrument …………………………………. 24
Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………. 24
Statistical Instrument …………………………………. 25
IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Mean Responses on Samples A, B and C ……………………. 27
Cost of production ………………………………… 28
Summary of Mean Responses ………………………………… 29
Analysis of Variance …………………………………. 29
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings …………………………………. 30
Conclusions …………………………………. 31
Recommendations …………………………………. 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table
1 Socio-demographic Profile of the Panelists ………………………….. 23
2 Mean Responses on Samples A, B and C ………………………….. 27
3 Cost of production of Sample A, B and C ………………………….. 28
3 Summary of Mean Responses ………………………….. 29
4 Significant Difference among Samples A, B and C …………………... 29
v
FIGURE
Page
Figure
1 Conceptual Paradigm …………………………..………………... 4
vi
ABSTRACT
Name of the Researchers: Almaidah G. Mala, Mark Daniel M. Nito, Gian Shin M. Ramos,
Alyssa Kaye D. Yu
Title: SCENTED ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY BULLETIN BOARD, a research
conducted at the NGIS, Trece Martires City, Cavite, June 2018
This research determined the effectiveness level of Scented Environment-Friendly
bulletin board. Specifically, it answered to the following questions: What major materials
are used in making scented environment-friendly bulletin board? What is the level of
effectiveness of scented environment-friendly bulletin board in terms of durability, fragrant
and general appearance? Are there significant differences in the level of effectiveness of
three samples based on the above mentioned indicators?
The respondents were 19 randomly selected senior high school students at the
New Generation International School.
The study was delimited to only two variables, namely scented environment-
friendly bulletin board and level of effectiveness.
The experimental research design was used in this study to establish the significant
differences among the Samples A, B and C.
The following findings were made by the researchers, when taken as whole, Sample
A had high level of effectiveness with a mean of 2.17, Sample B had high level of
effectiveness with a mean of 2.52 and Sample C had high level of effectiveness with a
mean of 1.91. Overall, all samples had a high level of effectiveness level with a mean of
2.20.
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The computed ANOVA value is lesser than tabular ANOVA value using the 0.01
T-table (3.66 < 10.92). Meaning the null hypothesis was rejected. It implies that there are
no significant differences among Sample A, B and C in terms of effectiveness level.
The researcher has made the following recommendations that future researchers
find other indigenous and affordable materials. Future researchers should add more
indicators in testing the samples. Future researchers more materials which are low cost.
The researchers recommend to improve Sample A and B. The researchers recommend
having future research about this study.
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
There are many elements in the environment that can help produce an effective
scented environment-friendly bulletin board such as old newspapers, talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) leaves, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves, flour and Fu Shen.
This particular research utilized the following materials:
The first material that was used were the old newspapers; newspaper is
a periodical publication containing written information about current events.
Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and
art, and sometimes include materials like opinion columns, weather forecasts, and reviews
of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and
advice columns.
Most newspapers are businesses, and that they pay their expenses with a
combination of subscription revenue, sales booth sales, and advertising revenue.
The other material was talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) or wild cane is a coarse,
erect, perennial grass, typically tufted, with stout underground rootstock, growing to a
height up to 3.5 meters. A certain study investigated the antibacterial properties of extracts
of leaves and roots of talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) against staphylococcus aureus (s.
aureus). Study evaluated the antibacterial potential of talahib (Saccharum spontaneum)
against human pathogenic bacterial strain.
1
2
The next material was laurel leaf (Laurus nobilis) or bay leaf. The laurel is an
evergreen bush or tiny tree, variable in size and generally reaching 7–18 m (23–59 ft.) tall.
In cuisine, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf is used as seasoning; its aroma is one of its kinds.
While in manufacturing; the oil is used in cosmetics, soaps, and detergents.
Another material was Fu Shen; Fu Shen is a Chinese herb. It has a bulk shape and
has a sweet and long lasting fragrance. It is sometimes called Poria spirit. It is mostly used
at Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is also used as a fragrant for cooking and foods.
The last material in this study was flour; flour is versatile, easily modified, and finds
many uses in industry such as adhesives, in paper products, as an anti-sticking agent,
and textile manufacturing. Flour can be made from a variety of plants, the vast majority is
made from wheat. Hard wheats, which are high in protein (approximately 12–15 percent),
produce flours that are suitable for products requiring stronger structure, such as breads,
buns, hard rolls, and yeast-raised sweet rolls. Flours are also made from other starchy plant
materials including barley, buckwheat, chickpeas, lima beans, oats, peanuts, potatoes,
soybeans, rice, and rye.
Bulletin board is very common and is widely used in schools, universities and
offices. Its importance is that you would be able to see useful materials without having to
scatter them messily over your desks or your tables.
Based on the above mentioned scenario, the group of researchers conducted the
research to determine the effectiveness of the scented environment-friendly bulletin board.

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Statement of the Problem
This study determined the significance of scented environment-friendly bulletin
board.
Specifically, it answered the following questions:
1. What major materials are used in making scented environment-friendly bulletin
board?
2. What is the level of effectiveness of scented environment-friendly bulletin board
in terms of:
2.1 durability
2.2 fragrant
2.3 general appearance
3. Are there significant differences in the level of effectiveness of three samples
based on the above mentioned indicators?
Null Hypothesis
This research was based on the null hypothesis that there are no significant
differences among Samples A, B and C based on durability, fragrant and general
appearance of scented environment-friendly bulletin board.

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Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the present study is illustrated by the paradigm

below:
Conceptual Paradigm
Frame 1 Frame 2
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Scented Environment- Level of Effectiveness in

Friendly Bulletin Board terms of:
in terms of:  high level
 durability  average level
 fragrant  low level
 general appearance
Figure 1. Differences in the Level of Effectiveness of Three Samples.
Significance of the Study
The results of the study benefited the following sectors:
School Administrators/CEO’s.
They will gain useful information about the effectiveness of scented environment-
friendly bulletin board. They can use the information to have scented environment-friendly
in their own schools, universities and offices.
Teachers/Faculty.
They will obtain vital information about the effectiveness of scented environment-
friendly bulletin board. They can use that information to know the effectiveness of using
the bulletin board.

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Parents.
Parents will understand the effectiveness of scented environment-friendly bulletin
board. They can use the information to have scented environment-friendly bulletin board
in their own house.
Students/Office Workers.
They will be aware of the effectiveness of the environment friendly-scented bulletin
board. They can own scented environment-friendly bulletin board to easily sort out their
school and paper works.
Entrepreneurs and Manufacturers.
They will be informed about the product. They can use the product as their basis in
their own products. They can manufacture the product.
Future Researchers.
They will be provided in the basis follow up study. And with exposure to the
information on the study, the researchers can enrich their knowledge on the benefits of
scented environment-friendly bulletin board. And thus, have the same benefit as the
students.
Scope and Delimitation
This experimental research was determined to three samples of scented
environment-friendly bulletin board. The three samples was produced using old
newspapers, talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) leaves, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves, Fu
Shen and flour.

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Sample A, contained of old newspapers, talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) leaves,
Fu Shen and flour. Meanwhile, Sample B contained the same ingredients but instead of
using Fu Shen, replace it with laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves. Lastly, Sample C contained
all of the ingredients including laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves and Fu Shen.
The sample was tested for its effectiveness in terms of fragrant, durability and
general appearance; all other indicators will not be used for the effectiveness test. There
were 19 panelists who were randomly selected.
The research was conducted at the New Generation International School, Barangay
San Agustin, Trece Martires City, Cavite from June to October 2018.
Data was gathered with the use of sensory evaluation test. The gathered data was
statistically treated with the use of mean, percentages, and ANOVA (analysis of variance).
The ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences among the three samples
in terms of durability, fragrant, and general appearance.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally for better
understanding of the study:
Durability. According to Webster Dictionary, “It is the ability to withstand wear, pressure,
or damage.” Operationally, it refers to the product’s hardness.
Environment-Friendly. According to Webster Dictionary, “Is not harmful to the
environment – used especially about products.”
General Appearance. According to Webster Dictionary, “The act or an instance of
coming into sight.” Operationally, it refers to the outside appearance of the product
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Fragrant. According to Webster Dictionary, “a distinctive smell” Operationally, it refers
to the product’s odor.
Socio-demographic Profile. According to the Checkmarket.com, it means that the
characteristics of a population. Operationally, it refers to the panelists’ age, gender and
strand.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
This chapter discusses a review of relevant information, ideas and concepts by
authors, both foreign and local. A synthesis can be found at the end of the chapter.
Bulletin Board
Bulletin board is an important component of classrooms. They provide a way to
introduce new material or display student work. Educators should create boards that are
equally engaging and educational. The use of interactive boards in the classroom ensures
that students recognize the importance of the posted materials. Bulletin boards should be
changed frequently and relate to concepts currently being covered in class. (Hilary
Florence)
Bulletin boards keep people abreast of events, opportunities and peer activities in
school or at work. A college bulletin board, for example, provides information about
everything from summer vacation job opportunities and forthcoming poetry readings to
graduate research opportunities and student accommodation. Traditional and online
bulletin boards can symbolize a sense of belonging and social cohesion. Libraries, for
example, serve their local population and are a center of community activity, while a
library's bulletin board is an extension of this service and is a communal facility. Someone
running a computer education program for seniors, for example, could post information
about this on the library's bulletin board. Online bulletin boards, such as one for writers,
also help impart a sense that people who make use of the board are part of a wider
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community. Bulletin boards sometimes serve to inspire and motivate. Classroom bulletin
boards, for example, showcase students' pictures, poems and stories to encourage them and
make them feel that their talents are valued and appreciated. They can also serve as a useful
learning tool. A Shakespeare bulletin board, for example, might make students feel less
daunted by the archaic Elizabethan language, particularly if it is a vehicle for the students'
own thoughts and insights about Shakespeare's poetry and plays. In a workplace
environment, bulletin boards can save time and promote productivity. A staff bulletin board
offered as part of a company's internal extranet communication systems saves people the
hassle of sorting through superfluous emails that aren't work-related. Instead, assignments,
memos and messages from clients can be posted on the company's bulletin board.
(Elizabeth Burns)
According to Gary Hopkins (2009), members of Education World's "Principal
Files" team speak out about the power of bulletin boards from the primary grades to high
school. They say bulletin boards loaded with student work add personality to school
hallways and speak volumes about what teachers value most. Principal Carol Robertson
said that bulletin boards help establish a positive climate in her school, she told Education
World. "They can be an incentive for students to do their best work, they support the
reading and math goals outlined in our School Improvement Plan, and they add interest
for parents and visitors."
Newspaper
Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-
grade paper called newsprint). Most newspapers are also published on websites as online
newspapers, and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely.
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Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and
large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record.
Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly. News magazines are also
weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically
publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well
as local news. The news includes political events and personalities, business and finance,
crime, weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and computers and
technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing and home
fashion, and the arts.
There are different kinds of uses of newspapers after reading or using them. Use an
old newspaper to clean windows works better than a cloth for preventing streaks. Place
sheets of paper in the bottom of a cat’s box, under the litter. Newspaper is a great substitute
for bubble wrap. Stuff newspapers in wet, smelly shoes or boots overnight to dry them out
and refresh them. Line cat litter boxes with several layers of old newspaper to absorb odors
and moisture. Newspapers can keep the barbecue grill grates clean.
Newspapers are being converted to waste every year. According to grownyc.org,
“of the 62.5 million newspapers printed each day seventy percent will be thrown away.
According to Larry West, “Recycling paper conserves natural resources, saves
energy, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and keeps landfill space free for other types of
trash that can't be recycled.”
He also mentioned that “Recycling one ton of paper can save 17 trees, 7,000 gallons
of water, 380 gallons of oil, 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space and 4,000 kilowatts of energy-
enough to power the average U.S. home for six months- and reduce greenhouse gas
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emissions by one metric ton of carbon equivalent (MTCE).”
Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum)
According to a website, cabi.org, talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) leaves comes
from genus: saccharum, family: poaceae, order: cyperales, class:
monocotyledonae, subphylum: angiospermae, phylum: spermatophyta, kingdom: plantae
and domain: eukaryota
The many forms of this polymorphic species are commonly grouped into two
subspecies, subsp. spontaneum from tropical and warm temperate Asia with leaf blades
narrowed to the midrib towards the base and the ligule triangular; and
subsp. aegyptium which occurs across tropical Africa, south to Malawi and north to Syria,
which has lamina to the base of the leaf, and a crescent-shaped ligule (Clayton and
Renvoize, 1982).
There is some indication that the pathogenic fungi Sphacelotheca rottboelliae can
use talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) as a host (Waterhouse, 1994). It has been reported
from Maharashtra, India, as occurring on farm weeds, but its importance is not known.
Since this weed is a close relative of sugarcane, it is likely that any natural enemies
(especially arthropods) will also attack the crop and be classified as pests.
When it is allowed to become established on cultivated land, talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) may become a very serious weed, sometimes resulting in the abandonment
of infested land. It occurs in almost all rainy season crops in India, causing most severe
losses in productivity in tea, sugarcane, cotton and sorghum. In Thailand it causes yield
reductions in forage crops, and it is a serious weed of pastures, pineapple and sugarcane in
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the Philippines. It is also a common weed of sugarcane in Bangladesh. In Indonesia, it
affects the productivity of rubber and tea and in Laos and Nepal reduces rice productivity
(Holm et al., 1997). The weed is also believed, in some instances, to have allelopathic
effects on crops. Amritphale and Mall (1978) noted that leachates from rhizomes and roots
inhibited root and shoot growth of three wheat varieties. In Jammu and Kashmir, India, it
has been reported to contain hydrocyanic acid when in the green condition, and can be
therefore poisonous to livestock. Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) (S. spontaneum) also
acts as an alternative host for many insects and diseases of economic importance. These
include sugarcane top borer, Asian corn borer and the white mite of sugarcane.
According to Ripa (2009), talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) leaves are considered
to be an antioxidant. Chloroform extract showed antioxidant activity with IC50 value of
51.04 ug/ml (vs ascorbic acid 41.04). Crude extract showed cytotoxic activity using Brine
shrimp lethality assay with LC50 of 6.63 ug/mL (vincristine 10.64). Antimicrobial activity
was exhibited against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and against
three tested fungi. It also used for paper making. Study showed talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) is a bulky material with lower extractives and lignin content and higher
holocellulose content with a good response towards multistage bleaching sequence and a
pulp of high brightness ceiling (Tyagi and Dutt, 2007)
According to studies, talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) leaves are used
as phytochemicals – screening yielded the presence of quinines, alkaloids, tannins,
carbohydrates, protein, coumarin, phenol, steroid and glycosides. It also used as
antipsychotic activity – study in rats showed reduction in motor activity, more pronounced
in the ethanol and aqueous extracts. The aqueous extracts showed mild antipsychotic
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activity. The psychopharmacologic effects were attributed to the alkaloids, tannins,
steroids and glycosides.
Other studies of talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) leaves, is about antimicrobial
herbal combination – study on the antimicrobial activity of trinpanchmool drugs - a
combination of Kush (Desmotachya bipinnata), Darbh (Imperata cylindrica) and Kas
(Saccharum spontaneum) showed promising antimicrobial activity against different
microorganisms (gram-positive, gram negative and fungal strains). The drugs in
combination were more active than individual extracts (Jayalakshmi et al., 2010).
According to Ilyas (2012) studies showed talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) can be
utilized as a substrate in solid state fermentation for economic production of cellulase.
Cellulases are the third largest industrial enzyme in the world. Study reports on the use of
talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) for the removal of industrial dye (Titan yellow) from
aqueous solution (Narayanan et al.). Study also evaluated a root extract and 2% pre-
formulated cream for antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity. It showed no
zone of inhibition against three test microorganisms i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, S.
epidermis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It showed anti-inflammatory activity in
carrageenan induced inflammation in a mice model. (Lapuz et al., 2016).
Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) root is utilized as food. Phytochemical screening
of ethanolic and water extracts of root powder yielded carbohydrate, glycoside, protein,
tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Study suggests potential of the plant to provide mental
health benefits, including disease treatment and prevention (Khalid and Saddiqui, 2011).
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Study reports on the potential of talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) for restoration
and stabilization of fly ash (FA) dumps. The plant has potential as ecological tool in
restoration of vast tracts of fly ash dumps.
According to Suhendrayatna et al. (2012), study showed although municipal waste
water inhibit the growth of aquatic plants (T. patifolia and S. spontaneum), these plants
have the potential for use in the phyto-reduction process of COD, BOD, and TSS from
wastewater.
Capistrano (2013) showed talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) grass at full maturity
can produce 18 to 28% oil which can be converted to biodiesel by a processor at 100%
yield.
Study of talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) for antidiarrheal activity in castor oil
induced diarrhea in mice showed a dose dependent decrease in the total number of faecal
droppings. In an evaluation for CNS effects, depressant activity was showed with dose
dependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis,
reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in open field and hole cross tests
(Vhuiyan et al., 2008).
According to Sreedevi Adikay’s study, they investigated the anti-obesity effect of
ethanol extract of talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) in male Wistar strain albino rats.
Results showed the whole plant extract exerted significant anti-obesity activity in rats fed
with a high fat diet.
According to Sathya and Kokilavani, there is a global concern regarding the
increasing pollution of natural water bodies by nitrate secondary to anthropogenic
activities. Results showed the potential to obtain high yields of denitrification using organic
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carbon released from S. spontaneum. Study results contribute to the knowledge on the use
of NOSS (natural organic solid substances) as alternative sources of carbon for
denitrification.
Study evaluated the toxicity of ethanol root extract of talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) on male Wistar albino rats. On acute toxicity testing, no mortality was seen
at doses of 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kbw, indicating a high margin of safety.
On sub-acute toxicity testing, in doses varying from 100 - 500 mg kbw for 28 days, results
showed no alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters and suggest a potential
safe alternative for various severe infections.
Alvarez (2013) evaluated the potential use of S. spontaneum as laundry surfactant
for removing clothes stains. Results showed the surfactant to be capable of removing stains
with more efficiency than commercial products, and ecofriendly to boot.
Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum), a perennial grass native to South Asia, is a low
cost, renewable and prevalent source of reducing sugars. Study investigated the effect of
H2SO4 concentration, biomass loading and reaction time for releasing reducing sugars
from the grass. Results showed that under controlled conditions talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) biomass can be effectively utilized as a potential source of reducing sugars,
which can be used as starting material for production of various chemicals by microbial
conversion process (Singh et al., 2011).
Hussaqin (2014) investigated the antibacterial property of extracts of leaves and
roots against Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed the root extract to have a significant
effect on S. aureus. Study evaluated the antibacterial potential of talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) against human pathogenic bacterial strains. Whole plant extracts showed
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significant zone of inhibition against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, B. cereus, B. pumilus, E.
coli, K pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and C. freundii.
Lee (1993) evaluated an ethanolic extract of roots for preventive effects on calcium
oxalate calculi in rat. Results showed urinary stones could be dissolved with the extract
and recurrence could also be prevented. The antiurolithiatic activity was attributed to the
ability to reduce the supersaturation of urine with calculogenic ions, diuretic property, and
antioxidant potential. The study evaluated an ethanolic extract of whole plant for
antiurolithiatic activity against calcium oxalate stone induced by rats fed with a calculi-
producing diet. Results showed potential as curative agent for urolithiasis. It showed an
ethanolic extract of roots has curative effect on stone formation in rats with lithiasis
induced by ethylene glycol. The study also evaluated an alcoholic extract of S. spontaneum
in albino rats with lithiasis induced by calculi--producing diet with 3%-glycolic acid.
Treatment showed significant amelioration to near normalcy, with increase in urine volume
and reduction of tendency for crystallization.
According to Sathya and Kokilavani, study of extracts of talahib (Saccharum
spontaneum) roots showed antioxidant activity similar to standard drugs used in the
experiment. Methanolic extracts showed higher phenolic and flavonoid content. Study
evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity inhibition of superoxide, NO, OH, reducing
power assay and total antioxidant capacity. Results showed the root extract has potential
to scavenging free radicals and a good antioxidant for treating various diseases.
Based on the website, Herbpathy.com, talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) is highly
effective as a cure for kidney stones. It is also effective for curing other diseases such as
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acid reflux, diarrhea, leucorrhoea, sexual debility, urinary problems, blood impurity,
gallstones, obesity, strangury, debility, jaundice, piles and tuberculosis.
Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) is mostly effective as immunity booster. It is also
effective for aphrodisiac, diuretic, laxative, tonic, astringent, emollient, lithotriptic,
diaphoretic, galactagogue and purgative.
Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) have the following nutrients: alkaloids,
coumarins, glycosides, quinones, tannins, bufotenine, dehydro bufontenine, phenol,
saponins, terpene, carbohydrate, flavonoids, protein and steroids.
Laurel (Laurus nobilis)
Laurel or bay leaves have been found to be effective in treating type 2 diabetes as
they cause reduction in blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. To get maximum
results, these leaves can be powdered and consumed for 30 days. This will cause a drop in
sugar levels in the body as well as regulate the functioning of your heart. This is because
the antioxidants in laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf enable the body to process insulin more
efficiently, thus making it a good choice for diabetics and people with insulin resistance.
Laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves are good for promoting digestion and can treat digestive
disorders such as heartburn and flatulence. The powerful phytonutrients in laurel (Laurus
nobilis) leaf provide protection against cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and
strokes. They contain valuable compounds such as rutin, salicylates, caffeic acid and
phytonutrients which boost heart health and improve heart function. Laurel (Laurus
nobilis) leaves are effective in fighting the symptoms of cold, flu and infections. The oil
extracted from laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf has anti-inflammatory properties which can ease
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the pain resulting from sprains, strains, arthritis, rheumatism as well as general pains and
aches. (Khan et al. 2009).
Laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf has caffeic acid, quercetin, euganol and catechins all of
which possess chemo-protective properties which provide resistance against different types
of cancer. They also contain a phytonutrient called parthenolide which has shown to
specifically restrain the proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Being rich in folic acid, laurel
(Laurus nobilis) leaves are extremely beneficial during the periconception period (3 months
before and after pregnancy). Laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves, when taken orally, can induce
regular and normal menstruation. They also have the property of curing vaginal discharge.
Consuming laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves at bedtime helps to induce proper sleep. Laurel
(Laurus nobilis) leaves are a great insect repellent as they contain lauric acid. A dish of
laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves will ward off insects. Laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves help in
treating kidney infections and even kidney stones.
Being rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf offers
various benefits to your skin and has been used in herbal medicine for this purpose. Some
of its skin benefits are as follows: relieves stress skin and healing qualities. The nutritional
value of laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves makes them beneficial for hair health. It has the
following benefits for your hair. It can treat dandruff and hair loss and is also use for
treatments of head lice.
The various benefits of laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf can be attributed to its rich
nutritional value. These leaves are exceptionally rich in vitamins as well as copper,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, selenium and manganese. They also contain
essential phytochemicals and volatile oils. (Saba, 2018).

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Laurel (Laurus nobilis) can be considered as one of the most common plants in the
world, due to its wide range of uses and health benefits. Laurel (Laurus nobilis) was widely
cultivated all around the world due to its versatility. Laurel (Laurus nobilis) trees typically
grow in tropical climate countries, but changes in climate shrunk the natural growth of this
plant.
Laurel (Laurus nobilis) is incredibly popular worldwide for its culinary purposes,
because of its distinctive taste and aroma. It’s usually used as a spice in cooking soups,
stews and alternative cuisines such as the known Filipino dish known as “Adobo.”
Aside from cooking purposes, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaf was historically used by
ancient people as herbal medicine due to its medicinal properties.
It contains vitamins A, B, C, E, riboflavin, thiamin, niacin, vitamin B, and vitamin
B complex. It also contains minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus,
copper, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and potassium. (Nelz, 2017)
According to Josephine Mills, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves alleviate nerve and
joint pain. It also eases an achy abdomen; it prevents infection of minor wounds, and
relieves nasty PMS symptoms. It can also calm the mind and keeps mosquitos and others
away.
Fu Shen (Sclerotium Poriae Circum Radicem Pini)
Fu Shen is not only being used as a fragrance in cooking/boiling soup but it is very
popular in the Traditional Chinese Medicine.
According to theforgottenfoods.com, in the term of Traditional Chinese Medicine
(TCM) Fu Shen or also known as Spirit Poria is a very safe and non-toxic herb; can be used
20
daily. It can also help develop spirit and calms the mind. It can also balances emotions,
stabilizes emotions so that the true mind is able to develop fully, unhindered by emotional
distraction, moves water, tonifies the immune function helps develop will power. It is said
to be used to overcome anxiety, worry, fear, etc. and used to obtain spiritual enlightenment.
Fu Shen is traditionally held in the highest esteem by Taoist & spiritual seekers.
Fu Shen is in most of the formula for oriental medicine. According to Sheng Tie
Luo Yin, one of the formulas that sedate and calm the spirit is Fu Shen. It is put on the Iron
Filings Decoction, a traditional medicine.
According to the website, sacredlotus.com, Fu Shen can also calm the spirit for
irritability, palpitations, insomnia, and forgetfulness. It also promotes urination.
Flour
According to Anna Hunter, flour is a substance, generally a powder, made
by grinding raw grains or roots and used to make many different foods. Wheat is the most
common base for flour. Flour contains a high proportion of starches, which are a subset of
complex carbohydrates also known as polysaccharides. The higher the protein content the
harder and stronger the flour.
According to the website, instructables.com, wheatpaste is a gel or
liquid adhesive made from wheat flour. It is very simple glue that will cost you under a
buck a gallon to make. It's just flour and water. The main advantage of wheat paste is not
only its cost, but if you need large quantities of glue, you probably already have everything
you need in your kitchen. No need to run to the store and buy anything.
21
Flour components change during aging. Aged soft wheat flour behaves similarly
to chlorinated flour. Flour hydration rate and batter viscosity increase, and cakes have
greater volumes without collapse. Aged hard wheat flour has higher water absorption,
better mixing tolerance, and greater gas retention capability and produces bread with
greater loaf volume. (Wang and Flores, 2009).
Synthesis
Bulletin board was discussed by: Hilary Florence and Elizabeth Burns. The
newspaper was explained by Larry West (2018). The talahib (Saccharum spontaneum)
leaves were studied by: Clayton and Renvoize (1982), Waterhouse (1994), Holm et al.,
(1997), Amritphale and Mall (1978), Ripa (2009), Tyagi and Dutt (2007), Jayalakshmi et
al. (2010), Ilyas (2012), Lapuz et al., (2016), Khalid and Saddiqui (2011) and more. The
laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves were studied by: Khan et al. (2009), Saba (2018), Jay Nelz
(2017) and Josephine Mills (2017). The Fu Shen was studied by: Sheng Tie Luo Yin. The
flour was discussed by: Hunter (2016).
The above mentioned review provided the support materials of the present study.
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with research design, setting of the study, the samples and the
respondents, sampling procedure, research instruments, data-gathering procedure and
statistical treatment.
Research Design
The study utilized the experimental research design, experimental research is a
collection of research designs which use manipulation and controlled testing to understand
causal processes. Generally, one or more variables were manipulated to determine their
effect on a dependent variable.
Setting of the Study
The experiment was conducted at the New Generation International School,
Extension #9044 Happy Bldg., Governors Drive, Brgy. San Agustin, Trece Martires City,
Cavite. The research was conducted in June to October 2018.
Samples and the Respondent
Three samples were produced that were tested among the selected panelist. Sample
A which focused more on Fu-shen, Sample B which focused more on Laurel Leaves and
Sample C which had both Fu-shen and Laurel Leaves.
22
23
The respondents were the selected panelists namely the students of ABM-11 and
ABM-12 at the New Generation International School. 80% of the total population was the
panelist.
Table 1. Socio-demographic Profile of the Panelists
Indicator N %
Age
19-18 years old 4 21.05
17-16 years old 15 78.95
Total 19 100.00
Gender
Female 12 63.16
Male 7 36.84
Total 19 100.00
Strand
Grade 11 (ABM) 9 47.37
Grade 12 (ABM) 10 52.63
Total 19 100.00
Table 1 shows the respondents’ socio-demographic profile in terms of age, gender
and strand.
As shown in the table, there were two age brackets in the participating population.
Majority of the panelists belong to the age level of 16-17 years old with 79% and 4 of the
panelists belong to the age level of 18-19 years old with 21% in total 100% for 19 panelists.
As to gender, 12 of the participants were female with 63% and 7 were male with
37% in total of 100% for 19 panelists.
As to strand, there are nine (9) or 47% of the participants belong to Grade 11 (ABM)
and ten (10) or 53% of the participants belong to Grade 12 (ABM) in total 100% for 19
panelists.
Sampling Procedure
24
There was a difference on the main ingredient. Sample A consists of all the
materials except laurel leaves. Sample B consists of all the materials except fu shen.
Sample C consists of all the materials.
Random sampling method was utilized in this research. Everyone in the target
population has an equal chance of being selected. The researchers computed the 80% of
the population first then wrote the names of the panelists. After determining the panelists,
they were given a sensory evaluation.
Research Instrument
A sensory evaluation was constructed to gather data from the panelists.
The sensory evaluation consists of three parts. Part 1 which is Personal Information (Name,
Strand, Age, and Gender). Part 2 which is Sensory Evaluation (Durability, Odor and
General Appearance) using the 5 point scale. 1.00 is equivalent to excellent. 2.00 is
equivalent to very good. 3.00 is equivalent to good. 4.00 is equivalent to slightly good.
5.00 is equivalent to poor.
Data-Gathering Procedure
The three samples were prepared for the effectiveness test to establish the
durability, fragrant and general appearance of the product. The following steps were
followed in the preparation of Samples A, B, and C:
1. Prepare the newspaper and talahib leaves by cutting it into smaller pieces.
2. Boil the fu shen for Sample A, laurel leaves for Sample B, and combine the laurel
leaves and fu shen for Sample C.

25
3. After boiling, let it simmer down. Mix flour and water on a separate container
until the flour dissolves completely.
4. Combine the dissolved flour and the boiled materials; separate the containers for
each sample.
5. Heat the combined mixture and stir until it become sticky like glue. Put the old
newspapers and talahib unto the mixture.
6. Mold the dough-like mixture into the shape of a coupon bon using a rolling pin.
Add saw dust on the outer layer.
7. Let it dry under the sun until it dries (estimated 5-7 days). Data was gathered
with the use of sensory evaluation test.
The researchers use a sensory evaluation to test the effectiveness of Sample A, B
and C.
Statistical Treatment
The gathered data was tallied, tabulated and subjected to statistical treatment. To
describe the gathered data the percentages, mean, and Analysis of Variance using 0.01 T-
table were computed.
Formula in getting the Percentage:
𝐹
𝑃(%) = × 100
𝑁
where:
F = frequency
N = total population
26
Formula in getting the Mean of Grouped Data:
∑ 𝑓𝑥
x̅ = 𝑛
𝑓 = frequency of each class
𝑥 = mean
𝑛 = total frequency
∑ 𝑓𝑥 = sum of products of the mean and their corresponding
frequency
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter deals with the gathered data in tabular form with accompanying
analysis and interpretation.
Table 2. Mean Responses on Samples A, B and C
Indicator Weighted Mean Description
Durability
Sample A 2.21 High
Sample B 2.58 High
Sample C 1.81 High
Acceptable Kitchen Odor
Sample A 1.79 High
Sample B 2.21 High
Sample C 1.84 High
General Appearance
Sample A 2.50 High
Sample B 2.77 High
Sample C 2.08 High
Overall Mean 2.20 High
Legend:
1.00-2.99 - High 3.00-3.99 - Average 4.00-5.00 - Low
Table 2 shows the mean responses on Samples A, B and C in terms of the following
indicators: durability, acceptable kitchen odor and general appearance. The weighted mean
for Sample A in terms of durability was 2.21. The weighted mean for Sample B in terms
of durability was 2.58. The weighted mean for Sample C in terms of durability was 1.81.
27
28
The weighted mean for Sample A in terms of acceptable kitchen odor was 1.79.
The weighted mean for Sample B in terms of acceptable kitchen odor was 2.21. The
weighted mean for Sample C in terms of acceptable kitchen odor was 1.84.
The weighted mean for Sample A in terms of general appearance was 2.50. The
weighted mean for Sample B in terms of general appearance was 2.77. The weighted mean
for Sample C in terms of general appearance was 2.08. The overall mean was 2.20.
This implies that in terms of durability, Sample C got the highest mean and should
be utilize. Sample B got the lowest mean in terms of durability and should be enhanced by
adding other materials. For acceptable kitchen odor, Sample A got the highest mean and
should be use. Sample B got the lowest mean in terms of acceptable kitchen odor and
should be improve by adding supplement. For general appearance, Sample C got the
highest mean and should be utilized. Sample B got the lowest mean in terms of general
appearance and should be develop by using machines.
Table 3. Cost of Production of Samples A, B and C
Indicator Cost per piece
Sample A Php 15.00

Sample B Php 12.50
Sample C Php 17.50
Table 3 shows the cost of production on Sample A, B and C. Sample A cost was
Php 15.00, sample B cost was Php 12.50 and sample cost was Php 17.50.
This implies that Sample B should be recommended because of its affordable cost.
29
Table 4. Summary of Mean Responses on Samples A, B and C
Indicator Weighted Mean Description
Sample A 2.17 High

Sample B 2.52 High
Sample C 1.91 High
Legend:
1.00-2.99 - High 3.00-3.99 - Average 4.00-5.00 - Low
Table 3 shows the summary of mean responses on Samples A, B and C. Sample A had
a high level with a weighted mean of 2.17. Sample B had a high level with a weighted
mean of 2.52 and Sample C had a high level with a weighted mean of 1.91.
This means that Sample C got the highest weighted mean and should be used in
the production. Sample B got the lowest weighted mean and should be improve by using
machines, adding other materials and utilizing other supplements.
Table 5. Significant Differences among Samples A, B and C
Indicator Computed ANOVA Value
Sample A, B and C 3.66

Tabular ANOVA Value
10.92
3.66 < 10.92
Research Decision Accept Null Hypothesis at 0.01 level of
significance, df(N) = 2, df(D) = 6
Table 4 shows the significant differences among Samples A, B and C. The ANOVA
Value was computed to determine if there are significant differences among Samples A, B
and C. The computed ANOVA Value was 3.66 which is less than the tabular ANOVA
value of 5.14. It means that the null hypothesis was accepted.
This implies that all samples can be marketed for public use.
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the finding of the study, conclusions based on the findings
and recommendations made by the researchers.
Summary of Findings
The researchers noted the following significant findings:
1. The major materials were: old newspapers, flour, talahib leaves, fu shen, and
laurel leaves.
2. The weighted mean response on Sample A in terms of durability was 2.21. The
weighted mean response on Sample B in terms of durability was 2.58. The weighted mean
response on Sample C in terms of durability was 1.81. All of the 3 samples had high level.
3. The weighted mean response on Sample A in terms of acceptable kitchen odor
was 1.79. The weighted mean response on Sample B in terms of acceptable kitchen odor
was 2.21. The weighted mean response on Sample C in terms of acceptable kitchen odor
was 1.84. All of the 3 samples had high level.
4. The weighted mean response on Sample A in terms of general appearance was
2.50. The weighted mean response on Sample B in terms of general appearance was 2.77.
The weighted mean response on Sample C in terms of general appearance was 2.08. The
overall mean had a high level with a mean of 2.20.
5. The cost of production of sample A was Php15; Sample B, Php12.50; Sample C,
Php17.50.
6. The weighted mean for Sample A was 2.17, the weighted mean for Sample B
was 2.52 and the weighted mean for Sample C was 1.91.
30
31
7. Lastly, the significant difference among the Samples A, B and C in terms of
effectiveness. It was statistically treated through Analysis of Variance (Computed ANOVA
Value = 3.66, Tabular ANOVA Value = 5.14)). The Computed ANOVA Value is less than
the Tabular ANOVA Value (3.66 < 5.14).
Conclusion
Based on the above mentioned findings, the following conclusions were arrived at:
1. The materials used in the experiment are indigenous and affordable.
2. Samples C had the highest level of effectiveness in terms of durability.
3. Samples A had the highest level of effectiveness in terms of acceptable kitchen
odor.
4. Samples C had the highest level of effectiveness in terms of general appearance.
5. Samples B had the lowest cost of production.
6. Overall, Sample C had the highest level of effectiveness.
7. The null hypothesis is not rejected. Therefore, there are no significant differences
among the Samples A, B and C in terms of effectiveness.
Recommendation
The researchers had made the following recommendations based on the conclusions.
1. Future researchers to find other indigenous and affordable materials.
2. Future researchers to add more indicators in testing the samples A and B in terms
of durability.
32
3. Future researchers to add more indicators in testing the samples B and C in terms
of acceptable kitchen odor.
4. Future researchers to add more indicators in testing the samples A and B in terms
of general appearance.
5. Future researchers more materials which are low cost.
6. The researchers recommend to improve Sample A and B.
7. The researchers recommend having future research about this study.

33
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Histories and Distribution. Taxon, 47(1), p.209.
Hopkins, G. (2009). Bulletin Boards Are Powerful Teaching, Community-Building Tools.
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Hunter, A. (2016). FLOUR POWER: THE PROS AND CONS OF 8 WHITE FLOUR
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Hussaqin, M. (2014). Assessment of antibacterial potential of Saccharum spontaneum
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microbes-_an_in_vitro_study
Ilyas, U., Ahmed, S., Majeed, A., Nadeem, M. (2012). Biohydrolysis of Saccharum
spontaneum for cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus. Retrieved from
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Jayalakshmi, S., Patra, A., Ghosh, A.K. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of
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Khalid, M., Siddiqui, H.H. (2011). Pharmacognostical Evaluation and Qualitative
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Lapuz, A.M.R., Arabiran, R.D.A., Sembrano, T.M. (2016). Preformulation and
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https://friendsoftheearth.uk/natural-resources/34-uses-old-newspapers
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Letter to conduct the study
July 29, 2018
EMMANUEL D. RAMOS
Principal
New Generation International School
Governor’s Drive, Barangay San Agustin, Trece Martires City, Cavite
Sir:
Good day!
This group of researchers are presently conducting an experimental research entitled

SCENTED ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY BULLETIN BOARD. In partial fulfilment
of the requirements in Practical Research 2.
In this collection, your approval is highly requested in conducting the study.
Thank you very much for your favorable action on this request.
Respectfully Yours,
Signed:
ALMAIDAH G. MALA
MARK DANIEL M. NITO
GIAN SHIN M. RAMOS
ALYSSA KAYE D. YU
APPENDIX B
Letter to Request
July 21, 2018
JULIET MARIE V. REYES

Research Paper Adviser
Madam:
A pleasant day!

In this collection, your full support will be highly appreciated. Please extend your
invaluable services as our research paper adviser.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully Yours,
Signed:
ALMAIDAH G. MALA
MARK DANIEL M. NITO
GIAN SHIN M. RAMOS
ALYSSA KAYE D. YU
APPENDIX C
Letter to Gather Data
September 08, 2018
ABM 12
Respondents
Sir/Madam:
Good day!

In this collection, your services as respondents will be highly appreciated
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Respectfully Yours,
Signed:
ALMAIDAH G. MALA
MARK DANIEL M. NITO
GIAN SHIN M. RAMOS
ALYSSA KAYE D. YU
APPENDIX D
Letter to Gather Data
September 08, 2018
ABM 11
Respondents
Sir/Madam:
Good day!

In this collection, your services as respondents will be highly appreciated
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
Respectfully Yours,
Signed:
ALMAIDAH G. MALA
MARK DANIEL M. NITO
GIAN SHIN M. RAMOS
ALYSSA KAYE D. YU
APPENDIX E
Survey Checklist
SCENTED ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY BULLETIN BOARD

Part I. Personal Information
Name: Gender:
Strand: Age:
Signature:
Part II. Sensory Evaluation
Direction: Please rate the following samples accordingly.
Numeral Scale: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Descriptive Equivalent: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Slightly Good and Poor.
Indicator Sample A Sample B Sample C

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Durability (Can Hold Paper)
Durability (Compacted)
Odor (Acceptable Kitchen Odor)
General Appearance (Rough Surface)
General Appearance (Decorative)
The gathered will be used for research purposes and will be handled confidentiality.
The Researchers
APPENDIX F
Survey Results
The Panelists Durability (can hold papers) test on Sample A
Indicator N %
1 (Excellent) 6 31.58
2 (Very Good) 6 31.58
3 (Good) 6 31.58
4 (Slightly Good) 0 0.00
5 (Poor) 1 5.26
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Durability (can hold papers) test on Sample B
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 4 21.05
3 (Good) 2 10.52
5 (Poor) 2 10.52
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Durability (can hold papers) test on Sample C
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 6 31.58
3 (Good) 2 10.52
5 (Poor) 1 5.26
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Durability (compacted) test on Sample A
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 5 26.32
3 (Good) 5 26.32
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Durability (compacted) test on Sample B
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 4 21.05
3 (Good) 3 15.79
5 (Poor) 1 5.26
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Durability (compacted) test on Sample C
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 7 36.84
3 (Good) 2 10.52
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Acceptable kitchen odor test on Sample A
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 1 5.26
3 (Good) 1 5.26
5 (Poor) 3 15.79
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Acceptable kitchen odor test on Sample B
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 3 15.79
3 (Good) 4 21.05
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists Acceptable kitchen odor test on Sample C
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 7 36.84
3 (Good) 3 15.79
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists General Appearance (rough surface) test on Sample A
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 3 15.79
3 (Good) 5 26.32
5 (Poor) 2 10.52
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists General Appearance (rough surface) test on Sample B
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 3 15.79
3 (Good) 3 15.79
5 (Poor) 3 15.79
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists General Appearance (rough surface) test on Sample C
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 4 21.05
3 (Good) 2 10.52
5 (Poor) 2 10.52
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists General Appearance (decorative) test on Sample A
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 9 47.37
3 (Good) 3 15.79
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists General Appearance (decorative) test on Sample B
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 3 15.79
3 (Good) 5 26.32
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
The Panelists General Appearance (decorative) test on Sample C
Indicator N %
2 (Very Good) 6 31.58
3 (Good) 2 10.52
5 (Poor) 0 0.00
Total 19 100.00
APPENDIX G
Pictures of Materials
Picture 1. Bulletin Board
(Stock Photo by Ruslan Dashinsky)
Picture 2. Newspaper
(Photo by WN / Renzelle Mae Abasolo)

Picture 3. Talahib Leaves
(Photo by Andrea's Plants, Photos and Travels)
Picture 4. Laurel Leaves
(Photo by Rhodrigo Barros)

Picture 5. Fu - Shen
(Photo by Spring Winds)
Picture 6. Flour
(Photo by Christian Draghici)

APPENDIX H
STEPS IN MAKING SCENTED ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY BULLETIN BOARD
1. Prepare the newspaper and talahib leaves by cutting it into smaller pieces.
2. Boil the fu shen for Sample A, laurel leaves for Sample B, and combine the laurel leaves and
fu shen for Sample C. Boil it for 5 – 10 minutes.
3. After boiling, let it simmer down.
4. Mix flour and water on a separate container until the flour dissolves completely.
5. Combine the dissolved flour and the boiled materials; separate the containers for each sample.
6. Heat the combined mixture and stir until it become sticky like glue.
7. Put the old newspapers and talahib unto the mixture.
8. Mold the dough-like mixture into the shape of a coupon bon using a rolling pin.
9. Add saw dust on the outer layer.
10. Let it dry under the sun until it dries (estimated 5-7 days).
APPENDIX I
Map of New Generation International School via Google Maps\

BIODATA
Name : Gian Shin M. Ramos
Birthdate : June 19, 2001
Birthplace : Antipolo Rizal
Present Address: Blk 15 Lot 34 Orlando St, Metropolis Greens, Brgy. Manggahan, General
Trias, Cavite
Contact Number: 09260921753
Email Address: shin.ramos.19@gmail.com
Religion : Unification Church
Nationality : Filipino / Japanese
Educational Attainment:
Elementary : New Generation International School
Junior High School : New Generation International School
Senior High School : New Generation International School
Achievements:
Grade 1 : Gold Medalist Grade 7 : Silver Medalist
Grade 3 : Gold Medalist Grade 9 : Gold Medalist
Grade 4 : Silver Medalist Grade 10 : Silver Medalist (Top 4)
Grade 5 : Silver Medalist Grade 11 : Gold Medalist
Grade 6 : Silver Medalist (Top 4)

BIODATA
Name : Alyssa Kaye Dela Cruz Yu
Birthdate : April 01, 2000
Birthplace : Macabebe, Pampanga
Present Address: #163, Brgy. Paradahan I, Tanza Cavite
Contact Number: 09275587849
Email Address: alyssakayey@gmail.com
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Elementary : New Generation International School
Junior High School : New Generation International School
Achievements:
Grade 4 : Gold Medalist Grade 10 : Silver Medalist (Top 1)
Grade 6 : Silver Medalist (Top 1)

BIODATA
Name : Mark Daniel M. Nito
Birthdate : August 23, 2000
Birthplace :
Present Address: Naic, Cavite
Contact Number:
Email Address:
Religion : Roman Catholic
Elementary :
Junior High School :
Achievements
BIODATA
Name : Almaidah G. Mala
Birthdate :
Birthplace :
Present Address: Trece Martires City, Cavite
Contact Number:
Email Address:
Religion : Muslim
Elementary :
Junior High School :
Achievements

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SCENTED ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY BULLETIN BOARD

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2

ALMAIDAH GUNDUL MALA

protection, health and inspiration to complete the research process.

Their parents, for the moral and financial support;

Marinelia A. Torrea, Practical Research 2 Teacher, for teaching them research

skills, and for final editing the thesis manuscript;

how to conduct the study;

conducting the survey;

inadvertently omitted, a lot of thanks.

Title Page …………………………………………………. i

Table of Contents …………………………………………………. iii

List of Tables …………………………………………………. v

List of Figure …………………………………………………. vi

Abstract …………………………………………………. vii

Background of the Study …………………………………. 1

Statement of the Problem …………………………………. 3

Null Hypothesis …………………………………. 3

Conceptual Framework …………………………………. 4

Significance of the Study …………………………………. 4

Scope and Delimitation …………………………………. 5

Definition of Terms …………………………………. 6

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Bulletin Board …………………………………. 8

Talahib (Saccharum Spontaneum) Leaves …………………… 11

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design …………………………………. 22

Setting of the Study …………………………………. 22

Samples and the Respondent …………………………………. 22

Sampling Procedure …………………………………. 24

Research Instrument …………………………………. 24

Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………. 24

Statistical Instrument …………………………………. 25

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Mean Responses on Samples A, B and C ……………………. 27

Cost of production ………………………………… 28

Summary of Mean Responses ………………………………… 29

Analysis of Variance …………………………………. 29

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings …………………………………. 30

1 Socio-demographic Profile of the Panelists ………………………….. 23

2 Mean Responses on Samples A, B and C ………………………….. 27

3 Cost of production of Sample A, B and C ………………………….. 28

3 Summary of Mean Responses ………………………….. 29

4 Significant Difference among Samples A, B and C …………………... 29

1 Conceptual Paradigm …………………………..………………... 4

This research determined the effectiveness level of Scented Environment-Friendly

effectiveness of scented environment-friendly bulletin board in terms of durability, fragrant

three samples based on the above mentioned indicators?

New Generation International School.

friendly bulletin board and level of effectiveness.

differences among the Samples A, B and C.

no significant differences among Sample A, B and C in terms of effectiveness level.

The researchers recommend to improve Sample A and B. The researchers recommend

having future research about this study.

Background of the Study

scented environment-friendly bulletin board such as old newspapers, talahib (Saccharum

spontaneum) leaves, laurel (Laurus nobilis) leaves, flour and Fu Shen.

This particular research utilized the following materials: