COPAR

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR)
 PCPD- Philippine Center for Population and Development Program

 HRDP III- Health Resource Development Program
-Primary Health Care Delivery System
Staff: Head of the School- Project Director
Dean, College of Nursing- Project Manager
Community Organizer- Community Coordinator
Objectives:
1. To make people aware of social realities towards development of local initiative.

-optimal use of human and technical resources.
-strengthening peoples capabilities and abilities.
2. Form structure that holds the people’s interest as oppressed and deprived sectors of the community.
3. To initiate the responsible action.
Emphasis of COPAR:
1. Community Works to solve the problem.

2. Direction in internal Rather than external.
3. Development of the capacity to establish a project is more important than the project itself.
4. Consciousness raising to perceive health and medical care within the total structure of the society.
Community Organizing
-it is a continuous and sustained process of:
a. Health Education- Increase awareness of the people to identify their needs or problems.
b. Organization- developing their capabilities as group. (Group Effort)
c. Mobilization- Involving people into the action.
*Until the achievement of the End Goal which is Community Development that will lead to a better quality of life.
1. Educating people to understand their critical consciousness of their existing conditions
2. Organizing people to work collectively and efficiently to respond and take action on their immediate and long-
term problems.
3. Mobilizing people to develop their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate
needs towards solving their long-term problems.
How?.....Approaches
1. Dole-out/Welfare Approach
2. Modernization/Western Approach
3. Participatory/Transformative approach
Community Development
 Is defined as an organized effort of people to improve the conditions of community life and the capacity of the
people for participation, self-direction and integrated efforts I community affairs.
Participatory Action Research
• PAR: the process wherein a group of people from the basic and marginalized sectors of the society sometimes
not limited to people’s organizations, collectively gather and analyze information about their milieu and use the analysis
and conclusion to plan action responsive to their needs and problems.
Aspects Traditional Participatory Action Research

Problem Identifications Individual Approach Social Transformation
Researchers Done by the Outsiders only Concentrated effort of the people
with the outsiders providing
assistance.
Methods Highly Technical Local culture and innovativeness
Use of Results Manipulated by the Experts I n the full control of the people as
basis for decision making.
Purpose Academic purpose or Publication Use Long term community development
actions.
COPAR is the strategy used by the HRDP III in implementing primary health care delivery in depressed and undeserved
communities for them to become self-reliant.
•Definitions:
>It is collective, participatory, transformative, liberate, sustained & systematic process of building people’s organizations
by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues and concerns
towards effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994NationalRuralCO Conference)
>It is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into
dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community
>It is a process by which community identifies its needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to
them and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community
•Principles:
>People, especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to change, have the capacity to
change, and are able to bring about change
>Based on the interests of the poorest sectors of the society
>Should lead to a self-reliant community and society
•Importance:
>Tool for community development & people empowerment
>Prepares people/clients to eventually take over the management of a development program/s in the future
>Maximizes community participation and involvement
•Emphasis:
>Members of the community work to solve their own problems
>Direction is internal rather than external
>Development of the capacity to establish a project is more important than the project
>There is consciousness-raising with regard to the situation of health care delivery within the total structure of society
•Objectives:
1. To make the people aware of social realities towards the development of local initiative, optimal use of human,
technical and material resources;
2. To form structures that uphold the people’s basic interests as oppressed and deprived sections of the community and
as people bound by the interest to serve the people; and
3. To initiate responsible actions intended to address holistically the various community health and social problems.
COPAR Process (HRDP)
1. Pre-Entry Phase
-Formulation of institutional Goals, objectives and target.
-Training and delineation of COPAR staff to faculty members.
-Community Consultations
-Site Selections (DOPES)
- Objective: Site Selection
Activities:
> Establish Criteria (DOPES)
> Preliminary Social Investigation
>Ocular Inspection
>Coordination with the LGU prior to arrival(Selection of Foster family)
-Courtesy Calls
-Community profiling
-Community assembly
-Community baseline study
2. Entry
Objective: Arrival and Integration
-Establishing rapport (live with the people)
Activities:
-Information dissemination
-Integration
> Immersion or living with the people/Social Preparation
> Deepening Social Investigation( Primary Data)
> Core Group Formation
> Self-Awareness and Leadership Training (SALT)
 Levels of Training
1. Self-awareness and Leadership training
2. Basic Health skills training
3. Project management training
4. Specialized Health skills training
5. Advanced Health skills training
3. Community Research Phase
Objective: Problem Identification
Activities:
>Formation of Research Team
> Research Team Training
> Community Validation (Actual Study/Diagnosis)
> Summarizing Results
> Presentation of Results (Solution Recommendation)
>Prioritization of community needs/problem for action.
4. Organization and Capability-building

Objective: Creation of Community Health Organization (CHO)
Activities:
> Election of Officers
>Training of Leaders and members - Develop Capabilities of Members through Trainings(Level 1-3)
>Establishing Working Committees
> Teambuilding and Action-Reflection-Action Sessions (ARAS)
5. Community Action
Objective: Mobilization with the People
Activities:
> Identification of resources mobilization schemes and development of projects
> Establishing Networks, Linkages and referrals.
>provide solution to problems/needs
> Program/Project Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation (PIME)
> Project Management
6. Sustenance and Strengthening

Objective: Mobilization by the people
>Continuing education of community leaders, CHO and CHW’s.
> Formulating constitution and By-laws/management procedures (Register with security and exchange
commission/accreditation from LGU
> Institutionalizing cooperatives/socio-economic structures/Livelihood projects/financial schemes
> Formalizing networks/linkages and referrals
> Retraining of members (recognize secondary leaders)
>CHW(CHO) and BHW(LGU)
> Beginning of Termination/phase-out(Slowly and let the people exercise self-reliance.)
Community people
Problem Recognized Education
Need Action Organization
Community Organizing Empowerment Mobilization
Community Development Self-reliant
Better Quality of Life

COPAR

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COPAR

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Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR)

 PCPD- Philippine Center for Population and Development Program

1. To make people aware of social realities towards development of local initiative.

1. Community Works to solve the problem.

1. Educating people to understand their critical consciousness of their existing conditions

Aspects Traditional Participatory Action Research

4. Organization and Capability-building

6. Sustenance and Strengthening

Problem Recognized Education

Need Action Organization

Community Organizing Empowerment Mobilization

Community Development Self-reliant

Better Quality of Life

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