COMMUNITY ORGANIZING  Human rights – a universally help principles anchored mainly on the

belief in the worth and dignity of people

 A process that consists if steps/activities that instill and reinforce  Social justice – equitable access to opportunities for satisfying
the people’s self confidence on their own collective strengths and people’s basic needs and dignity
capabilities  Social responsibility – is premised on the belief that people as social
 Aims for the development of the comm. beings must not limit themselves to their own concerns but reach
 A process of educating and mobilizing members of the community out with others
to enable them to resolve community problems
Core Principles of CO:
 CO is people-centered: people are the means and the end
Community Organizing in the concept of Nursing Process:  CO is participative – it is the entire process
GOALS:  CO is democratic
 Allowing active participation of the community  CO is developmental
 People empowerment  CO is process-oriented
 Development of self-reliance
 Improving of quality of life Phases of CO (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research)
RESULTS:  Pre-entry
 The community become the health care professionals partners in  Entry
health care delivery and overall community development  Considerations in the entry phase
 Community integration
Emphasis on C.O in PHC  Social analysis
 People from the community working together to solve their  Identifying potential leaders
problems  Core group formation
 Internal organizational consolidation as a prerequisite to external  Community organizing
expansion  Action phase
 Social movement first before technical change  Evaluation
 Health reforms occurring within the context of broader social  Exit and expansion phase
transformation
1. PRE-ENTRY PHASE
Community Development – it must be defined and visualized by the - Preparations of organizers
community members and their participation is crucial in attaining their - Choosing a community
vision - Knowing the goals of the community organizing activities
- Delineate criteria for site selection
Human Rights- are based on the worth and dignity inherent to all human - Making list of source of information and possible facility
being resources
 Right to life - Proper selection of the community
 Right to development as person and as a community - Identifying barriers, threat, strength and opportunities
 Freedom to make decisions for oneself
Means of identifying community:
Values in CO:
 - Initial data gathering through ocular survey - Data on health patterns (morbidity, mortality, fertility)
- Review of records of a health facility - Data on health resources
- A review of barangays profile
Participatory Data Gathering (COPAR)
2. ENTRY PHASE 1. Transect walk – organizers ask a group from the community to lead
- Forms the start of organizing process their visiting the community while observing the surrounding
- Organizers get to know the community and vice versa 2. Mapping – drawing a detailed map of the community. It allows the
- Making courtesy calls to LGU community to view their community in a different perspective.
 Resources mapping – sketching depending on livelihood or physical
3. CONSIDERATION IN THE ENTRY PHASE resources
- Introduce oneself to the community  Health map – drawing a spot map highlighting households with
- The organizers must know the target community identified health problems
- Initial visit happens  Seasonal/calendar map – people are asked to make a calendar
 Gather basic data such as socio-economic status, traditions, showing activities or events significant to the community
practices, etc 3. Venn Diagram – a method that focuses on relationships within the
- Avoid unrealistic expectations for the community community, outside groups or agencies. It shows the social support
4. COMMUNITY INTEGRATION of the community
- “pakikipamuhay”
- The phase when organizers actually live within the community 6. IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL LEADERS
- Erase the “guest” or “visitor” image in the side of organizer Characteristics of potential leaders:
- They represent the target group
INTEGRATIONS STYLES: - They have the trust and confidence of the community
- “Now you see, now you don’t” - Possesses leadership quality
- Boarder style - They believe to the need for a good change
- Elitist style - Willing to invest time
How to facilitate community integration: - Have potential management skills
- Pagbabahay-bahay or occasional home visits
- Huntahan – informal conversation 7. CORE GROUP FORMATION
- Participation in the production process – to enhance more the - Forming groups with only healthy competition
camaraderie
- Participation in social activities 8. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
Characteristics of good CO:
5. SOCIAL ANALYSIS - With organizational name and structure
 The process of gathering, collating and analyzing data to gain - With set of officers
extensive understanding of community conditions - With mission, vision, goals, objectives
 Analysis of the ff. factors:
- Demographic data 9. ACTION PHASE
- Sociocultural data - Mobilization phase
- Economic “ - The implementation of the plan
- Environmental data Considerations:
 Allow the community to determine the scope and pace of project PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 Important as the outcome
 Regular monitoring and community formation programs A COMMUNITY MUST HAVE:
- Common interest
10. EVALUATION - Interact with one another
- A systematic, critical analysis of the current state of the - Function collectively according to social structure
organization and/or projects compared to desired/planned
outcome Principles of CHN:
- Focus on the community as the unit of care
11. EXIT AND EXPANSION PHASE - Give priority to community needs
- “The best entry plan is an exit plan” (Manalili, 1990) - Work with the community as a partner of the health team
- The organizers can expand to new locations while in this last - Focus on primary preventions first
phase from the previous location - Promote a healthful physical and psychosocial environment
- Reach out to all who may benefit from a specific service
- Promote optimum use of resources
- Collaborate with others

Conditions affecting health of the community:

- People
- Location
- Social system

Characteristics of healthy community

- Share sense of being
- Have feeling empowering one another
- Allowing individuals in the community to participate various
activities
- Has open channel of communication
- Equitable and efficient use of community resources

Data to be collected
- Community profile: demographic, educational and economical
- Morbidity and mortality rate
- Behavioral data
- Opinion data from community leaders

Tools for assessment

- Collecting primary data
- Observation
- Survey
 - Informant interview e.g., birthday, employment status, smokers
- Community forum
- Focus group (elder, women)  Maternal mortality rate
 Secondary data # deaths of due to pregnancy, delivery and post partum cases
- Registry of vital events ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 100
- Health records and reports (FHSIS) Field Health Service # of live birth in the same year
Information System
(prenatal, post partum, children < 1 yr old, family planning, sick  Crude birth rate (CBR) – records how fast people are growing thru
children, NTP, NLCP) birth
- Disease registers # of registered live births in a year
- Census data ----------------------------------------- x 100
- Midyear population
Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS):
- Individual treatment record (ITR) Sources of health care data
- Target client list - Census (hospital)
- Summary table - Vital registration system (health insurance)
- Monthly and quarterly consolidation - Disease notification (school health programs)
FHSIS REPORTED BY: - Disease registry
- Monthly - Surveillance system (morbidity and mortality)
- Quarterly
- Annually EVALUATION
 A process that systematically and objectively assess compliance to
 Morbidity – relative incidence of disease the design of the program, the performance, relevance and success
P = # of existing cases of a disease at a particular time of a project
------------------------------------------------------------------------ x 100
# of people examined at that time LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE
 Primary care facility – 1st contact health care facility that offers basic
 Crude Death Rate services including emergency services and normal deliveries
# of death rate in a year  Custodian care facility – provides long term care
------------------------------- x 1000  Diagnostic or therapeutic facility – facility for the examination of the
Midyear population human body, specimen or sometimes treatment

 Infant mortality rate RURAL HEALTH UNIT

Deaths under 1 yr old in a yr  Municipal health officer
---------------------------------------- x 1000  Public health nurses (1:5000)
# of live births in the same year  Rural health midwife

 COHORT REFERRAL
- Group of people sharing the common defining characteristics
 - A set of activities undertaken by a HCP in response to provide
necessity of the patient and providing continuity of care to a
large facilitated hospital.

COMMUNITY -> BARANGAY HEALTH STATION -> RHU – PRIVATE HOSPITAL

-> MUNICIAPL DISTRICT HOSPITAL -> PROVINCIAL/CITY HOSPITAL ->
MEDICAL REGIONAL CENTER