1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4 Topical PastPapers Images

(P1)Topical Past papers of (1.1.1- Number System 1.1.
2 – Images, Topical Past Paers 9608

1.1.3 Sound, 1.1.4 Video, 1.1.5 Compression) www.majidtahir.com with Sir Majid Tahir
Past Papers May/June 2015 to 2018, Oct/Nov 2015 till 2017:

Topic 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4 Images Sound Video
(9608/11/M/J/15)
Q2 (a) Sound can be represented in a computer in a digital format.
(i) Give the definition of the term sampling.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Give one reason why 16-bit sampling is used in an audio compact disc (CD).
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Explain what is meant by the term sampling resolution.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iv) Give one benefit and one drawback of using a higher sampling resolution.
Benefit ...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Drawback ..........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Describe two typical features found in software for editing sound files.
1........................................................................................................................................
www.majidtahir.com Contact: 03004003666 Email: majidtahir61@gmail.com

1
(P1)Topical Past papers of (1.1.1- Number System 1.1.2 – Images, Topical Past Paers 9608
...........................................................................................................................................
2........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Explain the difference between lossless and lossy data compression techniques.
..........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[3]
(9608/12/M/J/17)
3 (a) A computer has a microphone and captures a voice recording using sound editing
software. The user can select the sampling resolution before making a recording.
Define the term sampling resolution. Explain how the sampling resolution will affect the
accuracy of the digitised sound. Sampling resolution
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Explanation
............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) The computer also has bitmap software. (i) Define the term image resolution.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) A picture is drawn and is saved as a 16-colour bitmap image. State how many bits
are used to encode the data for one pixel.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) A second picture has width 8192 pixels and height 256 pixels. It is saved as a 256-
colour bitmap. Calculate the file size in kilobytes. Show your working.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iv) The actual bitmap file size will be larger than your calculated value as a bitmap file
has a file header. State two items of data that are stored in the file header. 1

2
........................................................................................................................................ 2
....................................................................................................................................[2]
(9608/13/M/J/15)
3(a) (i) Using two’s complement, show how the following denary numbers could be
stored in an 8-bit register:
(ii) Convert the two numbers in part (a) (i) into hexadecimal.
124
..................................................................................................................................
–77
.................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is another way of representing numbers.

(i) Write the number 359 in BCD form.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe a use of BCD number representation.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(9608/11/M/J/16)
4 (a) Convert the following denary integer into 8-bit binary.
55

3
(b) Convert the following Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) number into denary.
10000011
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Convert the following denary integer into 8-bit two’s complement.
-102
[2]
(d) Convert the following hexadecimal number into denary. 4E
............................................................................................................................... [1]
5. A group of students broadcast a school radio station on a website. They record their
sound clips (programmes) in advance and email them to the producer.
(a) Describe how sampling is used to record the sound clips.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) The students use software to compress the sound clips before emailing them.
(i) Circle your chosen method of compression and justify your choice.
Lossy / Lossless
Justification: .......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

4
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
Students also email images to the radio station for use on its website.
These are compressed before sending using run-length encoding (RLE).
(ii) Explain what is meant by run-length encoding.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iii) The following diagrams show:
the denary colour code that represents each colour

the first three rows of a bitmap image

5
Show how RLE will compress the first three rows of this image.
Row 1: ...............................................................................................................................
Row 2: ...............................................................................................................................
Row 3: ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(9608/13/M/J/16)
6.(a) Convert the following 8-bit binary integer into denary.
01001101
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Convert the following denary number into Binary Coded Decimal (BCD).
82
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Convert the following two’s complement integer number into denary.
11001011
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) Convert the following denary number into hexadecimal. Show your working.

6
198
........................................................................................................................................[2]
(9608/11/M/J/17)
7. (a) A computer has a microphone and captures a voice recording using sound
recording software. Before making a recording, the user can select the sampling rate.
Define the term sampling rate. Explain how the sampling rate will influence the accuracy
of the digitised sound.
Sampling rate
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Explanation
............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The computer also has bitmap software.
(i) Define the terms pixel and screen resolution.
Pixel
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Screen resolution
...........................................................................................................................................
………………….............................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) A picture has been drawn and is saved as a monochrome bitmap image.
State how many pixels are stored in one byte.

7
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) A second picture has width 2048 pixels and height 512 pixels. It is saved as a
256-colour image. Calculate the file size in kilobytes. Show your working.
.....................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................[3]
(iv) The actual bitmap file size will be larger than your calculated value. State
another data item that the bitmap file stores in addition to the pixel data.
......................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................[1]
(9608/12/M/J/17)
8. (a) A computer has a microphone and captures a voice recording using sound editing
software. The user can select the sampling resolution before making a recording.
Define the term sampling resolution. Explain how the sampling resolution will affect the
accuracy of the digitised sound.
Sampling resolution
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
……….................................................................................................................................
Explanation

8
............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) The computer also has bitmap software.
(i) Define the term image resolution.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) A picture is drawn and is saved as a 16-colour bitmap image. State how many bits
are used to encode the data for one pixel.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) A second picture has width 8192 pixels and height 256 pixels. It is saved as a 256-
colour bitmap. Calculate the file size in kilobytes. Show your working.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iv) The actual bitmap file size will be larger than your calculated value as a bitmap file
has a file header.
State two items of data that are stored in the file header.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
(9608/11/M/J/18)
9. A logo is designed as a bitmap image.
(a) Describe what is meant by a bitmap image.

9
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A black and white bitmap image is shown.
(b)(i) Explain how a computer can store this bitmap image.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b)(ii) The image is compressed before it is attached to an email. Explain how run-
length encoding (RLE) will compress the image.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The finished logo is 500 pixels by 1000 pixels and uses 35 different colours.
Estimate the file size for the logo. Give your answer in kilobytes. Show your working.
Working

10
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Answer
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
(d) The logo is redesigned as a vector graphic. State two benefits of a vector graphic
compared to a bitmap image. Give a reason for each benefit.
Benefit 1
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Reason 1
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Benefit 2
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Reason 2
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[4]
(9608/12/M/J/18)

11
10. (a) The Accumulator is a register. The current contents of the Accumulator are:
The current contents of the Accumulator represent an unsigned binary integer.
(i) Convert the value in the Accumulator into denary.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Convert the value in the Accumulator into hexadecimal.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) The current contents of the Accumulator represent a two’s complement binary
integer. Convert the value in the Accumulator into denary.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The binary integer represents a character from the computer’s character set.
(i) Define the term character set.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Explain the differences between the ASCII and Unicode character sets.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) The ASCII code for ‘A’ is 41 in hexadecimal. Calculate the ASCII code in
hexadecimal for ‘Z’. Show your working.
Working .............................................................................................................................

12
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
ASCII code in hexadecimal for ‘Z’
..................................................................................... [2]
11. A student has recorded a sound track for a short film.
(a) Explain how an analogue sound wave is sampled to convert it into digital format.
...........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Explain the effects of increasing the sampling resolution on the sound file.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The original sound was sampled at 44.1 kHz. The sample rate is changed to 22.05
kHz. Explain the effects of this change on the sound file.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

13
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[3]
(d) The student uses sound editing software to edit the sound file. Name two features
of sound editing software the student can use to edit the sound file. Describe the
purpose of each feature.
Feature 1
...................................................................................................................................
Purpose
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Feature 2
............................................................................................................................................
Purpose
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[4]
(9608/13/M/J/18)
12.
(c) H is a register. The current contents of H are:

14
The current contents of register H represent an unsigned binary integer. (i) Convert the
value in register H into denary.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Convert the value in register H into hexadecimal.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) The current contents of register H represent a two’s complement binary integer.
Convert the value in register H into denary.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iv) State why register H does not currently contain a Binary Coded Decimal (BCD).
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
13. A black and white bitmap image is shown.
(a) State the minimum number of bits needed to represent each pixel in this image.
........................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Run-length encoding (RLE) is used to store the image with the following colour
codes.

15
Show how run-length encoding is used to store the image.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) An image has 30 different colours. State the minimum number of bits needed to
represent each pixel in the 30-colour image.
........................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) When the image is saved, a header is added to the file. State the purpose of the file
header. Give two examples of the file header contents. Purpose
............................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Example 1
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
Example 2
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[3]
(e) Graphics software is used to edit a digital photograph.
Give three features of graphics software that can be used to edit the photograph.
Describe the effect each has on the photograph.
Feature 1
...................................................................................................................................

16
Effect
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Feature 2
...................................................................................................................................
Effect
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Feature 3
...................................................................................................................................
Effect
.........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [6]
(9608/11/O/N/15)
14. (a) Explain the term bit streaming.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A person watches a film streamed from a website on a tablet computer.

17
(i) Give two benefits of using bit streaming for this purpose.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State two potential problems of using bit streaming for this purpose.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Explain the terms on-demand bit streaming and real-time bit streaming.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[4]
15,

18
(a) Six computer graphics terms and seven descriptions are shown below.
Draw a line to link each term to its correct description.

19

20
Answers: 9608/11/M/J/15
2 (a) (i) Any one from:
amplitude of sound wave taken at different points in time

measurement of value of analogue signal at regular time intervals/a point in time [1]
(ii) Any one from:
bit depth/sampling resolution sufficient for good quality sound

higher bit depth/sampling resolution would mean bigger files ...hence less (music)
content on each CD
can represent dynamic range of about 90 dB
90 dB is basically the maximum dynamic range of human hearing
compromise between quality and reasonable file size [1]
(iii) Any two from:

resolution is the number of distinct values available to encode/represent each sample
specified by the number of bits used to store/record each sample
sometimes referred to as bit depth
the higher the sampling resolution, the smaller the quantization error
a higher sampling resolution results in less distortion of the sound
usually 8 bit, 16 bit, 24 bit or 32 bit [2]
(iv) 1 mark for benefit and 1 mark for drawback.
benefit
allows for larger dynamic ranges
..as dynamic range is approximately six times the bit depth
more accurate representation/crisper sound quality
drawback
bigger files/occupies more memory/storage
longer to transmit data/download music
greater processing power needed [2]
(b) Any two from:

edit start time, stop time and duration of any sound/timeline
extract/delete/save part of a clip

21
frequency, amplitude, pitch alteration

fade in/out of a clip
mix/merge multiple sound sources/tracks
combine different sources at various volume levels
pan between tracks/channels
use of filters
playback to speakers, processors or recording medium
conversion between different audio file formats etc... [2]
(c) Any three from: For full marks both techniques must be mentioned.
lossless designed to lose none of the original detail/lossless allows original file to be
recreated exactly
lossless technique based on some form of replacement
mention of type of replacement, for example RLE, FLAC etc.
by example: e.g. 000–1111–222222–333 = 3–0, 4–1, 6–2, 3–3 etc.
maximum compression about 50%
lossy may result in loss of detail compared to original file/lossy does not allow original file
to be re-created exactly
lossy techniques make decision about what parts of sound/sound file are important and
discards other information
only keeps sounds human ear can process/discards sounds most people cannot hear
... then applies lossless technique, for further reduction
lossy compression can reduce to about 10%
an example of jpeg, mp3 or other correct examples of compressed formats.
No double credit to opposite answers, e.g. lossless maintains detail, but lossy loses detail just
one mark. [3]
(12/MJ/2017)

22
(9608/13/M/J/15)
3.
(ii) 124: 7 C
–77: B 3 [2]
(b) (i) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 [1]

(ii)
when denary numbers need to be electronically coded
e.g. to operate displays on a calculator where each digit is represented
decimal fractions can be accurately represented [2]
(9608/11/M/J/16)
4. (a) 00110111 [1]
(b) 83 [1]
(c) 10011010 [2]
Marks allocated as follows:

1 mark for the most significant bit 1 mark for the remaining 7 bits
(d) 78 [1]

23
5 (a) Three from: [3]
The height/amplitude of the (sound) wave is determined.

At set (time) intervals // by example of sensible time period.
To get an approximation of the sound wave
And encoded as a sequence of binary numbers // and converted to a digital signal.
Increasing the sampling rate will improve the accuracy of the recording.
(b) (i) No mark awarded for identifying method. Three marks for justification. [3]
Lossy – Three points from:

The human ear will not notice that the decompressed stream will not be identical to the
original (file) / that parts of the original data have been discarded / removed / deleted.
File size reduction is greater than using lossless.
Email has limits on file sizes (on attachments) / a smaller file will take less time to
transmit.
The file may not need to be of high precision / accuracy.
The producer has requested an mp3 file.
Lossless – Three points from:

The file needs to be high precision / accuracy.
None of the original data is lost / the decompressed file will be identical to the original.
The producer has requested a flac file.
(ii) Three points from: [3]

Lossless method of compression.
Reduces (the physical size of) a string of adjacent, identical characters/pixels / bytes
etc.
The repeating string (a run) is encoded into two values.
One value represents the number of (identical) characters in the run (the run count).
The other value is the code of the character / colour code of pixel etc. in the run (the run
value).
The run value and run count combination may be preceded by a control character. •
Any valid example given.
(iii) Two marks for three correct rows, one mark for two correct rows. [2]
Row 1: 153 10 255 3 153 3

Row 2: 153 9 255 6 153 1
Row 3: 153 7 255 9
Alternative correct answer:
Row 1: 153 9 255 2 153 2

Row 2: 153 8 255 5 153 0
Row 3: 153 6 255 8
(9608/13/M/J/16)

24
6. (a) 77 [1]
(b) 1000 0010 [1]
(c) −53 [2]
One mark for ‘53’ and one mark for ‘−‘
(d) C6 [2]
One mark for the answer, one mark for the method
Working e.g. 198 / 16 = 12, 198 − (12*16) = 6
(9608/11/M/J/17)
Answer
7. (a) Sampling rate The number of samples taken per unit time // the number of times the
amplitude is measured per unit time
[1]
Increasing the sampling rate will increase the accuracy / precision of the digitised sound //
Increasing the sampling rate will result in smaller quantisation errors. [1]
[2]
7.(b)
(i) Pixel Smallest picture element which can be drawn [1]
Screen resolution The number of pixels which can be viewed horizontally and vertically on the
screen // or by example - A typical screen resolution is 1680 pixels ⋅ 1080 pixels. [1]
[2]
(ii) 8 [1]
(iii) Working: Max two from:

Number of pixels is 2048 * 512 [1]
One pixel will be stored as one byte [1]
Number of kilobytes = (2048 * 512) / 1024 [1]
Answer: One mark: Number of kilobytes = 1024 KB [1]
(iv) One from:
Confirmation that the file is a BMP [1]

File size [1]
Location/offset of image data within the file [1]

25
Dimensions of the image in pixels // image resolution [1]

Colour depth (bits per pixel) [1]
Type of compression used, if any [1]
[1]
(9608/12/M/J/17)
8.
(9608/11/M/J/18)

26
9.
(9608/12/M/J/18)
10.

27
11.

28
(9608/13/M/J/18)
12.
13.

29
(9608/11/O/N/15)
14. (a) any two from:

sequence of digital signals / bits
over a communication path / Internet
transfer of data at high speed
requires fast broadband connection
requires some form of buffering
bits arrive in the same order as sent [2]
(b) (i) any two from:

no need to wait for a whole file to be downloaded
no need to store large files on user’s computer
allows on demand playback
no specialist software is required for playback in browser [2]
(ii) any two from:

video stops / hangs if very slow Internet / broadband speed low
video stops / hangs if inadequate buffering capacity
loss of Internet means can’t access films / files
may require specific software to run the files / films
viruses can be downloaded from the websites [2]

30
(c) 2 marks for on-demand and 2 marks for real-time
on-demand
digital video tape, analogue video tape, or digital files are converted to bit streaming
format for broadcasting on the net; this is known as encoding, these encoded streaming
video files are then uploaded to a dedicated server
a link for the encoded video is placed on a web site
a user clicks on the link to download the encoded streaming video; the streamed video is
then broadcast to the user as and when they require it
can be paused / can go back and re-watch / fast-forward, etc.
real-time
an event is captured live with a video camera
the video camera is connected to a computer
the video signal is converted to streaming media files (encoded) on the computer
the encoded feed is then uploaded from the computer to a dedicated streaming server
via cable, DSL, or a high-speed internet connection
the server then sends the live images it to all users requesting it as real-time video
streaming
cannot be paused etc. [4]
15. (a)

31

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(P1)Topical Past papers of (1.1.1- Number System 1.1.

2 – Images, Topical Past Paers 9608

Past Papers May/June 2015 to 2018, Oct/Nov 2015 till 2017:

Q2 (a) Sound can be represented in a computer in a digital format.

(i) Give the definition of the term sampling.

(iii) Explain what is meant by the term sampling resolution.

www.majidtahir.com Contact: 03004003666 Email: majidtahir61@gmail.com

www.majidtahir.com Contact: 03004003666 Email: majidtahir61@gmail.com

(b) Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is another way of representing numbers.

(ii) Describe a use of BCD number representation.

www.majidtahir.com Contact: 03004003666 Email: majidtahir61@gmail.com

(a) Describe how sampling is used to record the sound clips.

www.majidtahir.com Contact: 03004003666 Email: majidtahir61@gmail.com

These are compressed before sending using run-length encoding (RLE).

(ii) Explain what is meant by run-length encoding.

(iii) The following diagrams show:

the denary colour code that represents each colour

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6.(a) Convert the following 8-bit binary integer into denary.

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(b) The computer also has bitmap software.

(i) Define the terms pixel and screen resolution.

State how many pixels are stored in one byte.

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www.majidtahir.com Contact: 03004003666 Email: majidtahir61@gmail.com

(b) The computer also has bitmap software.

(i) Define the term image resolution.

9. A logo is designed as a bitmap image.

(a) Describe what is meant by a bitmap image.

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(b) A black and white bitmap image is shown.

(b)(i) Explain how a computer can store this bitmap image.

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The current contents of the Accumulator represent an unsigned binary integer.

(i) Convert the value in the Accumulator into denary.

(ii) Convert the value in the Accumulator into hexadecimal.

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ASCII code in hexadecimal for ‘Z’

11. A student has recorded a sound track for a short film.

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(ii) Convert the value in register H into hexadecimal.

13. A black and white bitmap image is shown.

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Show how run-length encoding is used to store the image.

(e) Graphics software is used to edit a digital photograph.

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(b) A person watches a film streamed from a website on a tablet computer.

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Draw a line to link each term to its correct description.

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2 (a) (i) Any one from:

amplitude of sound wave taken at different points in time

(ii) Any one from:

bit depth/sampling resolution sufficient for good quality sound