A Seminar report

On
SOLAR ROOF TILES
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of the
degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
BY
VANGALA VINAY REDDY
(Regd.No: B17CE103)
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF
Smt B. SRAVANTHI
Assistant Professor, CED,KITSW.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY&SCIENCE
WARANGAL
(An Autonomous Institute under Kakatiya University)

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 2017-2021

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
WARANGAL

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “SOLAR ROOF TILES” is the
work done by VANGALA VINAY REDDY bearing roll no. B17CE103, under graduate
student of Department of Civil engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science,
Warangal in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor
of Technology under my supervision and guidance during the academic year 2019-2020.

Seminar Guide Seminar Coordinators

Smt B. SRAVANTHI Sri G. ARAVIND

Assistant professor, Assistant professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, Smt P. SHIRISHA
Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Assistant professor,
Science, Warangal - 506015. Department of Civil Engineering,
Kakatiya Institute of Technology &
Science, Warangal - 506015.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of help and guidance
received from several people in preparation of this report. It would not have been
possible to prepare this report in this form without their valuable help, cooperation and
guidance

First and foremost, I would like to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude towards
my Seminar guide, B. SRAVANTHI, for continuous guidance, encouragement and
strong support during my seminar. I am eternally grateful for their kindness, helpful
guidance, discussions, and dazzling sense of humor Madam has truly exemplify the role
of advisor. I am forever grateful for madam’s kindness and contributions, not only
towards my seminar, but towards my Overall growth as well.

I am grateful to respected seminar co-ordinators for helping and guiding in all

the aspects related to seminar.

I would like to extend thanks to our Head of the Department DR.L. SUDHEER
REDDY for allowing me to use the facilities available. I would also like to thank all
the faculty of CED, KITSW.

VANGALA VINAY REDDY

B17CE103

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 ABSTRACT

A svstem of solar roof shingles and underlavment with wireless p power transfer
between the solar roof shingles and the underlayment is disclosed. Each roof shingle
has a Solar collector array coupled to a wireless resonator. The solar collector array
establishes a Voltage in response to exposure to Sunlight and the wireless resonator
converts the Voltage to transmittable electromagnetic signal. The signal is transmitted
to resonant devices embedded in the underlayment beneath the shingles The resonant
devices may be resonant capture devices that convert the received electromagnetic
signal back to a usable Voltage, or they may be wireless repeaters that retransmit the
electromagnetic signal to remote resonant capture devices, which then convert it to a
Voltage. This Voltage is placed on an electrical grid and made available at a remote
location for use, storage, or placement on the public electrical grid. The present
invention relates to a system composed of a special tile, suitable for covering the
entire roof, thermally insulating, ventilated and without environmental impact,
producing solar and photovoltaic energy, suitable for the production of hot water and /
or electric power. Both thermal and photovoltaic functions are designed to operate in
synergy for the best result or independently. For example, the photovoltaic system can
assist the thermal system if the coated surfaces are small for the building's heating needs
or in non-ideal climates by sending part of the electrical energy to the electric water
heater filaments positioned in the heater to com- complement the production of hot
water during low irradiation seasons. The roof obtained this way is great in any
weather; in snow-prone areas, snow will melt on tiles that will develop heat anyway; In
hot areas during the summer, very high temperatures will be obtained, so it is possible
to transform the heat produced in the cold with the heat exchangers, obtaining the air
or cold water conditioning below the ground. It will also be possible to get heated water
for the pools from excess hot water in summer and winter.
A frame system suitable for mounting a solar module on a roof, the frame system
comprising at least one frame comprising an upper frame member, a lower frame
member a right-side frame member, a left-side frame member, at least one projecting
member that is attached to or is an integral part of at least one of the side frame
members, and projecting in a direction toward or substantially toward the fewer frame
member; and a batten comprising a recess for engaging the projecting member of the
frame. The frame optionally comprises a means for affixing the frame to another frame.

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 Table of contents
Abstract 1
Certificate 2
Declaration 3
Acknowledgement 4
Abstract 5
List of Figures 6
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 General 7

1.2 Types of solar roof tiles 8

1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 11

1.4 Specifications 11

1.5 Installation of solar roof tiles 13

Chapter 2: Literature review

Literature review 14
Chapter 3: Summary and conclusion
3.1 Maintenance 16

3.2 Do solar roof tiles work in winter 17

3.3 Co-effectiveness and Return on Investment 17

3.4 Conclusion 17

Conclusion 18

References 19

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
S. No TITLE
No. No.

1 1.1 Solar roof tiles 7

2 1.2 Smooth glass tiles 9

3 1.3 Slate glass tile 10

4 1.4 Tuscan glass tile 10

5 1.5 Textured glass tile 11

6 1.5 Installation of solar roof tiles 14

7 1.6 Maintenance 18

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 CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

.…………………………………………………………………..

1.1 GENERAL

 The invention relates to solar roof tile consisting of a tile mounted thereon and
a plate-like solar cell, and methods and apparatus for the manufacture
of solar roof tiles.
 It has long been known to install solar panels on rooftops, in order to cover the
costs incurred in domestic energy demand in whole or in part. It is here in
general as follows, that the whole or a part of the roofing by relatively
large solar cell panels, for example, a size of 1 m, is replaced. thereby, a
disadvantage is that expensive seals between the individual solar cell panels are
necessary for the exchange of such large solar cell panels, for example in case
of damage, is very expensive and that during such exchange, the roof is open at
this point.
 Attempts have been made with another system to avoid these disadvantages, in
recent times, in which theroof is in the usual way covered
with roof tiles or roof tiles and then stones on the tiles or each solar cell panels
are fixed, the size in about the size of the visible surfaces of the tiles are using.
 The attachment of thesolar panels on the roof tiles is effected by means of
special adhesive or by means of silicone. Thus, although the complicated
sealing of the solarcell panels is opposite to the aforementioned method with
each saved, the tightness of the roof is indeed ensured by the roof tiles, the
replacement costs are lower due to the much smaller solar cell plates and there
is the possibility of a subsequent enlargement of the solar cell area at initial
portion covering with solar cell panels, however, the drawback is further added
that the "roof" has to be opened at an exchange, as the solar cell panels can not
be detached from the roof tiles to which they are bonded.
 Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solar roof tile, in which
the connection between the solar cell panel and the roof tile located therebelow
is easily detachable, but still ensures a secure hold of the solarcell plate on the
tile in the connected state and provides no deterioration of the water supply of
a tiled roof. Another object of the invention is a simple as possible and
inexpensive method of producing such a solar rooftile.
 Solar panels installable on the roof of a home have been available for many
years. In the past, these panels tended to be large and thick and were mounted
above the traditional shingles of the roof on Support structures. Such
installations, while indeed contributing to a reduction in domestic electricity
bills, were nevertheless considered by some to be unsightly and for this and
other reasons, enjoyed limited Success and acceptance, particularly in

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 residential applications. Further, installation of Such solar panels required
specialized installers and substantial electrical expertise to wire the panels
together into an electrical grid and to couple them to the home and to the public
electrical service.
 More recently, Solar shingles have been developed as an alternative to roof
mounted Solar panels. These Solar shingles are relatively thin, flexible, and
mount to a roof in substantially the same way as traditional shingles. Therefore,
they can be installed for the most part by roofing contractors. However, the
shingles must still be electrically connected by wires and connectors into an
electrical grid that, in turn, delivers power ultimately to a home’s electrical
system through an inverter or inverters or other equipment. While Solar shingles
Such as these represent an improvement over old roof mounted Solar panels for
domestic use, they nevertheless still require interconnection with a grid of wires
 Throughout the United States steps are being taken to improve solar panels
which are used to collect the sun’s rays. Typically, the solar panels collect the
sun’s rays and transfer the solar energy to a storage reservoir for subsequent
discharge of the solar energy for heating a residence or drying agricultural
products.
 a roofing system coupled to the sidewalls and located thereabove, the roofing
system having a generally central portion at an elevated orientation;

FIG 1.1: SOLAR ROOF TILES

1.2 TYPES OF SOLAR ROOF TILES

Elon Musk has his Tesla glass division to thank for the creation of solar roofs.
The glass tiles appear solid to the human eye, but the sun sees them as transparent
allowing the tile to capture the sun’s energy.
The four different styles of the Tesla solar roof are:
 Smooth Glass
 French Slate
 Tuscan
 Textured Glass
It is hard to determine availability for each different type of solar roof since Tesla has
said they will probably make only 2 types available at first. With efficiency still not

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proven, cost high, (looks like it actually WON’T cost less than a normal roof install –
shocker), and no installations expected until MAYBE the end of 2017, it is safe to say
that this probably is not your best option at the moment.

Tesla’s Solar Roof – Smooth Glass Tiles:

The smooth glass tile design was created by the Tesla Solar program with the
modern home in mind. It is a very straightforward, clean-cut design, that fits best with
contemporary home design. While most homes are not the best fit for this design, this
higher-end design fits the expensive homes built within the last few years.

FIG 1.2: SMOOTH GLASS TILE

Tesla’s Solar Roof – French Slate Glass Tiles:

Slate tiling is one of the most sought-after roof types and has been for some time.
Elon Musk made a good move having this style be one of the 4 of the new Tesla solar
roof. Slate tile roofs give off the hand-crafted look and the fact that the Tesla Solar
program was able to recreate this is impressive.

FIG 1.3: SLATE GLASS TILE

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Tesla’s Solar Roof – Tuscan Glass Tiles:
The 3rd type of new Tesla Solar roof is the Tuscan glass tile. You have probably
seen this type of roof on European-style homes. This type of roof dates back to the Greek
and Roman times so you can be assured that this type of roof architecture has been tested.
The question is will Elon Musk and Tesla Solar be able to recreate this beautiful European
style using solar technology.

FIGURE 1.4: TUSCAN GLASS TILE

Tesla’s Solar Roof – Textured Glass Tiles:

Textured roofing can be dated thousands of years back. This tile was extremely
popular until the introduction of the smooth and glazed tiles. Today, textured tiles are
normally seen on extremely old homes or historic buildings. If any historic structures
make the move to solar, this will almost certainly be the style choice.

FIGURE 1.5: TEXTURED GLASS TILE

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 1.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:

ADVANTAGES:
Here are several reasons why solar roof tiles are worth your money:
 If you are keen to have sustainable yet aesthetically pleasing roof lines. You will find
the level and integrated appearance of solar roof tiles highly useful when, for instance,
your north-facing roof area faces the street. Massive solar panels are sometimes
a turnoff. It is still noticeable, but it’s sleeker and more modern looking compared to
conventional solar panels.
 If you want a roof that you don’t need frequent cleaning. There is no gap between
solar roof tiles and the roof itself so no debris can get caught in the system.
 If you want to generate your own electricity even if your roof has a shape and size
unsuited for traditional solar panels.
 It can withstand strong to cyclonic winds because the design doesn’t intervene with
the natural wind flow.
 Your home value increases if you employ a more advanced, sustainable feature. It
also possesses a more powerful battery storage system that accumulates excess energy
to use at night.
 If you want to retain the integrity of your roof. There’s no need to cut, grind, or drill
through your roof to install solar roof tiles.

DISADVANTAGES:

Factors that might set you back

Solar roof tiles are promising to have, but these realities might affect your
decision:
 It looks metallic and it might not fit your taste. Solar roof tiles are thinner
compared to conventional solar panels; therefore, it may be less efficient in
catching sunlight and converting it into electricity.
 You can’t angle it for an optimum gathering of sunlight. It only follows the
shape and angle of your roof. To achieve the same energy output, you might
need to lay more tiles.
 It’s new, therefore it’s more expensive compared to conventional solar panels.
Rebates and subsidies can help ease the financial burden of buying and
installing these tiles.

1.4 SPECIFICATIONS

Tile warranty:

Infinity, or the lifetime of your house, whichever comes first

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Power warranty:

30 years

Weatherization warranty:

30 years

Wind rating:

Class F ASTM D3161 (best wind rating)

Fire rating:

Class A UL 790 (best fire rating)

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WARRANTY AND DURABILITY:

 Tesla roof tiles are made with tempered glass that is more durable than standard
roofing tiles.
 Tesla stands behind the durability of their product with an infinite warranty (or
the lifetime of your house). that’s quite a bold offer.

1.5 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR ROOF TILE:

FIG:1.6

• The process of installation is similar to fitting normal roof tiles.

• Installing solar roof tiles must be done by a certified installer using standard
roofing components.

• Solar tiles can be easily adjusted into the roofing shingles, and easily blend
into the roof type.

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 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
…………………………………………………………………………
Mehta et al. (2015)
Briefly described, a Solar shingle system includes, in one embodiment, an array
of solar shingles mountable on the roof of a home or other structure. The solar
shingles are installable by a traditional roofing contractor and may be generally con
figured similarly to any of a number of commercially available Solar shingles.
Unlike commercially available shingles, however, each shingle of the present
invention is provided with a wireless resonator and may (or may not) also include
a micro-inverter to convert the DC voltage established by the Solar shingle to AC
Voltage. An underlayment is disclosed for installation by the roof ing contractor
on a roof deck beneath where the Solar shingles are to be installed. The
underlayment provides traditional foundation and protection for overlying
shingles, but also includes an array of resonant capture devices. The resonant
capture devices may be arrayed to correspond to the arrange ment of Solar shingles
to be installed atop the underlayment. Solar shingles are installed atop the
underlayment with the resonators of the shingles aligned in a predetermined
relationship relative to the resonant capture devices in the underlay ment. Thus,
electrical power generated by the Solar shingles is transferred wirelessly to the
resonant capture devices within the underlayment. In one embodiment, the
underlayment is formed with an integrated wired grid that couples the resonant
capture devices within the underlayment together and delivers electrical power
they generate to a central location for use, Storage, or transmission. In another
embodiment, resonant repeaters may be incorporated into the underlayment with
the repeaters forming a wireless network for transferring power to one or more
remotely located resonant capture devices. This embodiment avoids the wired grid
within the underlayment. It will thus be seen that an improved Solar shingle system
is disclosed that is significantly less complicated to install, does not require that a
roofer connect a wiring grid to the shingles during installation, does not result in

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 equipment inside the attic of a dwelling, and that generally requires only the skills
of a traditional roofer.

Amanda Tobler et al. (2017).

A year ago, she agreed to let Tesla replace the roof of her house in California,
with solar-harvesting energy tiles. Failure could mean her home losing power, her
property losing value, or even its contents getting exposed to the elements.
The company has claimed she’s the first customer to install the Tesla Solar Roof, which
CEO Elon Musk considers part of a fully sustainable future where homes and electric
cars run on zero-emission sunlight. Musk claimed at this year’s shareholder meeting on
June 11 that the company is hopeful it can bring the roof’s price down to reach the
equivalent of a standard shingle roof plus utility bills. If Tobler’s testimony is anything
to go by, the roof has a bright future ahead — with some caveats.
“We have no regrets about choosing to install the solar roof,” Tobler, who lives with
her family in San Jose, California, tells Inverse. “I would say, currently, it is not for
everyone, mainly just because of price factors.”
For Tobler, installing the roof came down to a perfect storm of factors. The family has
lived in the state for over 15 years, and Tobler always wanted to go solar. The house,
built in 1965, came with a metal roof that made installing panels impossible. When
Tesla’s preorder page went live in May 2017, the family opted to replace the aging roof
and live their solar dreams.
The solar roof has become an increasingly important product for Tesla. Musk said at
the shareholder event that the company is now installing the roof in eight states, and
work is almost complete on version three. He added that the design is “actually quite a
hard technology problem,” and tests need to simulate 30 years of wear and tear in the
space of a few months. Musk added that “we have a shot at being equal to a comp
shingle roof plus someone’s utility costs, or maybe lower than that.”
A year after, she updated us on the things that you only realize after owning a Tesla
Solar Roof for a year.

MATTHEW HUMPHRIES (2018)

Solar panel arrays installed on a roof look mostly the same regardless
of the installer. They are a rectangular structure, raised above the roof tiles
to aid cooling, and it's usually quite easy to see the metal frame and struts
underneath. Tesla wanted to offer something a little more pleasing to the eye
(and homeowner). What we got is a solar panel array that no longer looks
out of place on a roof. It uses a new 325 -watt solar panel that will be
produced by Panasonic exclusively for Tesla at the Gigafactory 2 in Buffalo.
The new panels are meant to "exceed industry standards for d urability and
lifespan," with that industry standard being 21.76% efficiency and a 25-year
lifespan according to Electrek.

Production of these new panels and the accompanying mounting system is

set to start this summer. For now, all you can do is request a quote on the
Tesla website. The existing solar panels and mounting system Tesla sells,
and installs will continue to be offered alongside this new design.

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 CHAPTER-3
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
…………………………………………………………………………

3.1 MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR ROOF TILES:

FIG:1.6

In general, solar panels don’t require much maintenance. In fact, even with no
maintenance, they should last anywhere between 25 and 30 years!

The only necessary maintenance for solar panels is cleaning, which is a

routine that can be done with a garden hose. Sure, snowfall and leaves are also a thing
to look out for, however, this still doesn’t require any kind of skill or specialized
equipment.

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3.2 Do solar roof tiles work in winter...?

However, when it comes to the maintenance of solar roof tiles, advantages and
disadvantages aren’t as easy to list.

On the one hand, the fact that solar tiles are more discreet means that there is a higher
probability of hardware failure. Of course, it’s worth mentioning that nowadays,
shingles are much more reliable and require less maintenance than in the past, due to
various hardware improvements made by Tesla.
In addition, solar roof tiles are just as resistant to hail or other similar weather
phenomena as traditional roof shingles, which means that they are unlikely to break
from everyday weather events like storms.Overall, both solar panels and solar roof tiles
should last you a very long time, even with minimal maintenance work done.

3.3 Cost-effectiveness and Return on Investment

When it comes to the issue of cost-effectiveness, it mostly depends on the

system options and specifications. For instance, the cost-effectiveness of solar panels
depends on how potent the option is (how much power it generates), as well as the
additional equipment (like the battery) that you opt for.

The more ambitious you decide to go, the sooner you’ll make your money back,
so a potent 5KW solar system may take as little as 2.5 to 4.5 years to fully pay itself
off. This is due to the fact that the return is calculated by the savings on the energy
produced. The more energy that gets produced, the quicker the return will be.
On the other hand, when it comes to shingles, it all comes down to the solar efficency,
which often gets determined by the type of the product and the manufacturer. For
instance, while Bristile tiles have a 16 percent solar efficiency, their counterpart
Tractile’s Eclipse solar PV tiles boast as much as 20 percent. Needless to say, both of
these manufacturers are above the industry standard. The average cost of their
installation usually goes between $8,000 and $18,000.

3.4 CONCLUSION:
While an exciting addition to Tesla's product lineup, the Solar Roof seems to
provide only longterm benefit to those who can afford its high upfront costs, live and
plan to stay in a house that receives much sunlight, and value appearance enough to
want to buy this over normal solar panels. Musk is aware that at its current state, the
Solar Roof is not a logical purchase for every homeowner, but there are apparently
enough people whom the roof would be a good purchase for that the product has sold
out until early 2018. Until Tesla can expand outside of this niche market, though, it
doesn't look like the masses will be enjoying the benefits of the Solar Roof anytime
soon.

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 CHAPTER -4

CONCLUSION

………………………………………………………………………
It is important to bear in mind that while solar roof tiles are an interesting
concept that might be huge in the future, now it might not be the time to invest in them.
After all, they are still relatively new innovations, and could have many problems in
the short-term future.

In theory, the sooner you invest in solar energy, the better: The longer you use
solar energy, the more money you save!

However, with the state of technology right now, it could take years or even
decades for an investment in solar roof tiles to pay off, depending on the efficiency and
size of your solar array. As a result, it may be a better idea to wait a few years for
technology to improve.

Overall, there’s no doubt that solar roof tiles (and solar/renewable energy in
general) is the way of the future. Massive improvements have been made in solar roof
tiles within the past few years, and the innovations will only continue in the future as
we hunt for better ways to produce renewable energy.

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 REFERENCES

……………………………………………………………………………

 SunTegra Solar Shingle 100W. SunTegra Solar. Retrieved 28 January 2016.

 Eckhouse, Brian (March 19, 2019). Tesla has a new rival in its quest to make
solar rooftops happen". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
 Goldstein, Matthew (2009-10-05). "Dow to sell solar shingle, sees huge
market" Retrieved 2009-10-08.
 Sunroof: Solar Panel Shingles Come Down in Price, Gain in
Popularity. Scientific American. Retrieved 2015-12-15.

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