Directional or Non-Directional Earth-Fault Relay REJ 527: Technical Reference Manual

Directional or Non-Directional
Earth-Fault Relay
REJ 527
Technical Reference Manual
1MRS750616-MUM Directional or Non-Directional REJ 527
Earth-Fault Relay
Issued: 07.07.1999
Version: C/14.11.2005
Technical Reference Manual
Contents
1. About this manual .....................................................................5
1.1. Copyrights .....................................................................................5
1.2. Trademarks ...................................................................................5
1.3. Guarantee .....................................................................................5
1.4. General .........................................................................................5
1.5. Use of symbols ..............................................................................6
1.6. Terminology ..................................................................................6
1.7. Related documents .......................................................................6
1.8. Document revisions .......................................................................6
2. Safety Information .....................................................................7
3. Introduction ...............................................................................9
3.1. Use of the relay .............................................................................9
3.2. Features ........................................................................................9
4. Instructions ..............................................................................11
4.1. Application ...................................................................................11
4.2. Requirements ..............................................................................11
4.3. Configuration ...............................................................................11
5. Technical description .............................................................13
5.1. Functional description .................................................................13
5.1.1. Product functions .............................................................13
5.1.1.1. Schema of product functions ............................13
5.1.1.2. Earth-fault current, zero-sequence voltage and
intermittent earth-faults ......................................13
5.1.1.3. Inputs ...............................................................14
5.1.1.4. Outputs .............................................................14
5.1.1.5. Circuit-breaker failure protection unit ...............14
5.1.1.6. Disturbance recorder ........................................14
5.1.1.7. HMI module ......................................................14
5.1.1.8. Non-volatile memory ........................................15
5.1.1.9. Self-supervision ................................................15
5.1.2. Measurements .................................................................15
5.1.3. Configuration ....................................................................16
5.1.4. Protection .........................................................................17
5.1.4.1. Block diagram ..................................................17
5.1.4.2. Directional or non-directional earth-fault
current unit .........................................................17
5.1.4.3. Zero-sequence voltage unit ..............................21
5.1.4.4. Protection against intermittent earth-faults .......22
5.1.4.5. Time/current characteristics .............................23
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REJ 527 Directional or Non-Directional 1MRS750616-MUM
Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.4.6. Settings ............................................................ 32

5.1.4.7. Technical data on protection functions ........... 40
5.1.5. Indicator LEDs and alarm indication messages ............... 41
5.1.6. Commissioning test ......................................................... 42
5.1.7. Disturbance recorder ....................................................... 42
5.1.7.1. Function ........................................................... 42
5.1.7.2. Disturbance recorder data ............................... 42
5.1.7.3. Control and indication of disturbance recorder
status ................................................................. 43
5.1.7.4. Triggering ......................................................... 44
5.1.7.5. Settings and unloading .................................... 44
5.1.7.6. Event code of the disturbance recorder ........... 44
5.1.8. Recorded data of the last events ..................................... 44
5.1.9. External serial communication ......................................... 45
5.1.9.1. Communication ports ....................................... 45
5.1.9.2. IEC 60870-5-103 remote communication
protocol .............................................................. 46
5.1.9.3. Event codes ..................................................... 51
5.1.9.4. SPA bus communication protocol parameters . 52
5.1.10.Self-supervision (IRF) system .......................................... 59
5.1.11.Relay parameterization .................................................... 59
5.2. Design description ...................................................................... 59
5.2.1. Input/output connections ................................................. 59
5.2.2. Serial communication connections .................................. 62
5.2.3. Technical data ................................................................. 63
6. Ordering information ............................................................. 67
7. Abbreviations ......................................................................... 69
8. Check lists .............................................................................. 71
9. Service ..................................................................................... 75
10.Index ....................................................................................... 77
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Earth-Fault Relay
1. About this manual
1.1. Copyrights
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not
be construed as a commitment by ABB Oy. ABB Oy assumes no responsibility for
any errors that may appear in this document.
In no event shall ABB Oy be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or
consequential damages of any nature or kind arising from the use of this document,
nor shall ABB Oy be liable for incidental or consequential damages arising from
use of any software or hardware described in this document.
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB Oy, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third
party nor used for any unauthorized purpose.
The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such
license.
Copyright © 2005 ABB Oy
All rights reserved.
1.2. Trademarks
ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Group.
All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective holders.
1.3. Guarantee
Please inquire about the terms of guarantee from your nearest ABB representative.
1.4. General
The purpose of this manual is to provide the user with thorough information on the
protection relay REJ 527 and its applications, focusing on giving a technical
description of the relay.
Refer to the Operator’s Manual for instructions on how to use the
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) of the relay, also known as the Man-Machine
Interface (MMI), and to the Installation Manual for installation of the relay.
5
Earth-Fault Relay
1.5. Use of symbols

This document includes warning, caution, and information icons that point out
safety-related conditions or other important information. The corresponding icons
should be interpreted as follows:
The electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which

could result in electrical shock.
The caution icon indicates important information or warning related

to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of
a hazard which could result in corruption of software or damage to
equipment or property.
The information icon alerts the reader to relevant facts and

conditions.
Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, and caution hazards are
associated with equipment or property damage, it should be understood that
operation of damaged equipment could, under certain operational conditions, result
in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. Therefore,
comply fully with all warning and caution notices.
1.6. Terminology
The following is a list of terms that you should be familiar with. The list contains
terms that are unique to ABB or have a usage or definition that is different from
standard industry usage.
Term Description
IEC_103 IEC 60870-5-103, a communication protocol standardized by the
International Electrotechnical Commission
SPA A data communication protocol developed by ABB
1.7. Related documents
Name of the manual MRS number

REJ 527 Operator’s Manual 1MRS751055-MUM
RE_ 5__ Installation Manual 1MRS750526-MUM
1.8. Document revisions
Version Date History

B 05.07.2002
C 14.11.2005 Relay face plate updated.
Manual layout updated.
6
Earth-Fault Relay
2. Safety Information
Dangerous voltages can occur on the connectors, even though the
auxiliary voltage has been disconnected.
Non-observance can result in death, personal injury or substantial
property damage.
Only a competent electrician is allowed to carry out the electrical
installation.
National and local electrical safety regulations must always be
followed.
The frame of the device has to be carefully earthed.
The device contains components which are sensitive to electrostatic
discharge. Unnecessary touching of electronic components must
therefore be avoided.
Breaking the sealing tape on the rear panel of the device will result
in loss of warranty and proper operation will no longer be
guaranteed.
7
8
Earth-Fault Relay
3. Introduction
3.1. Use of the relay

The directional or non-directional earth-fault relay REJ 527 is intended for
earth-fault protection in medium voltage distribution networks but can also be used
for protection of generators, motors and transformers.
The REJ 527 is based on a microprocessor environment. A self-supervision system
continuously monitors the operation of the relay.
The HMI includes a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which makes the local use of the
relay safe and easy.
Local control of the relay via serial communication can be carried out with a portable
computer connected to the front connector and remote control via the rear connector
connected to the distribution automation system through the serial interface and the
fibre-optic bus.
3.2. Features
• Directional or non-directional low-set earth-fault current stage with
definite-time or inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic
• Directional or non-directional high-set earth-fault current stage with definite-time
characteristic
• Deblocking zero-sequence voltage stage with definite-time characteristic
• The two earth-fault current stages can be configured to operate alternatively as
two voltage stages: three-stage voltage monitoring operation possible
• Intermittent earth-fault protection
• Circuit-breaker failure protection (CBFP)
• Disturbance recorder
• recording time up to 19 seconds
• triggering by a start or a trip signal from any protection stage and/or by a binary
input signal
• records two analogue channels and seven digital channels
• adjustable sampling rate
• Non-volatile memory for
• up to 60 event codes
• setting values
• disturbance recorder data
• recorded data of the five last events with time stamp
• number of starts for each stage
• alarm indication messages and LEDs showing the status at the moment of
power failure
• Two accurate measuring inputs
• Galvanically isolated binary input with a wide input voltage range
9
Earth-Fault Relay
• All settings can be modified with a personal computer

• HMI with an alphanumeric LCD and manoeuvring buttons
• IEC 60870-5-103 and SPA bus communication protocols
• Two normally open power output contacts
• Two change-over signal output contacts
• Output contact functions freely configurable for desired operation
• Optical PC-connector for two-way data communication (front)
• RS-485 connector (rear) for system communication
• Continuous self-supervision of electronics and software. At an internal relay
fault (IRF), all protection stages and outputs are blocked.
• User-selectable rated frequency 50/60 Hz
• User-selectable password protection for the HMI
• Display of primary current and voltage values as well as phase angle values
• Multi-language support
10
Earth-Fault Relay
4. Instructions
4.1. Application
The directional or non-directional earth-fault relay REJ 527 is a secondary relay
which is connected to the voltage and current transformers of the object to be
protected. The earth-fault current and the zero-sequence voltage unit continuously
measure the zero-sequence voltage, earth-fault current and phase angle of the object.
On detection of a fault, the relay will start, trip the circuit breaker, provide alarms,
record fault data, etc., in accordance with the application and the configured relay
functions.
The voltage unit includes low-set stage U0b> and the earth-fault current unit low-set
stage I0> and high-set stage I0>>. The earth-fault stages can be replaced by two
additional voltage stages, low-set stage U0> and high-set stage U0>>.
The protection functions are independent of each other and have their own setting
groups and data recordings. The voltage and current functions use conventional
transformer measurement.
An output contact matrix allows start or trip signals from the protection stages to be
routed to the desired output contact.
4.2. Requirements
When the REJ 527 is operating under the conditions specified below (see also
“Technical data”), it will be practically maintenance-free. The relay includes no
parts or components subject to abnormal physical or electrical wear under normal
operating conditions.
Environmental conditions
• Specified ambient service temperature range -10...+55°C

• Temperature influence on the operation accuracy of the 0.1% / °C
protection relay within the specified ambient service
temperature range
• Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
4.3. Configuration
Setting and connection example
The appropriate configuration of the output contact matrix enables the use of the
signals from the earth-fault current and the voltage unit as contact functions. The
start signals can be used for blocking co-operating protection relays, signalling and
initiating autoreclosing.
Figure 4.3.-1 represents the REJ 527 with the default configuration: all trips are
routed to trip the circuit breaker.
11
12
REJ 527
L1
L2
L3
-
0
A
N
-
dn I
da PC
S1 P1
I O
Earth-Fault Relay
S2 + Tx Rx
P2 +
RER 103
Uaux ~ +
BI IRF SO2 SO1 PO2 PO1

Opto cable
X1.1 1 23 4 6 X2.1 17 18 X2.1 1 2 X2.1 13 14 15 X2.1 10 11 12 X2.1 7 8 9 X2.1 5 6 X2.1 3 4

Directional or Non-Directional
+ + +
100V
* ~
Spa Bus
+ -
Optical
PC-interface
IRF
SGR1 X X 2 1
Uob> START
5 SGB1 SGR2 4 3 X X
*REJ527B 418BAA: 2=5A Blocking of stage Uob> TRIP
3=1A
SGR3 X X 2 1
Io> START
REJ527B 411BAA: 2=1A 6
SGB1 SGR4 4 3 X X
3 = 0.2 A Blocking of stage Io> TRIP
SGR5 X X 2 1
Io>> START
7 SGB1 SGR6 4 3 X X
Blocking of stage Io>> TRIP
X=Default value
1 SGB1 I/O
INDICATIONS CLEARED
Fig. 4.3.-1 Connection diagram of the directional earth-fault relay

2 SGB1 OUTP. CONT. UNLATCHED
AND INDIC. CLEARED
3 SGB1 MEMORIZED VALUES AND
INDIC. CLEARED; OUTPUT
CONTACTS UNLATCHED
4 SGB1
SWITCHGROUP SELECTION
1MRS750616-MUM
A0501420
Earth-Fault Relay
5. Technical description
5.1. Functional description
5.1.1. Product functions
5.1.1.1. Schema of product functions
Io Earth-fault protection with definite- or PO1

inverse-time characteristic, low-set stage 51 N
PO2
Uo Earth-fault protection with instantaneous SO1

or definite-time characteristic, high-set 50 N
stage
SO2
Zero-sequence voltage element

59 N
IRF
Directional earth-fault element

67 N
Circuit-breaker failure protection

62 BF
Binary input BI Remote reset, remote setting control or blocking

input for the different protection stages
Optical pc-
interface
Serial communication
A0501421
Fig. 5.1.1.1.-1 Product functions
5.1.1.2. Earth-fault current, zero-sequence voltage and intermittent

earth-faults
Refer to sections:
• 5.1.4.2. “Directional or non-directional earth-fault current unit”
• 5.1.4.3. “Zero-sequence voltage unit”
• 5.1.4.4. “Protection against intermittent earth-faults”
13
Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.1.3. Inputs
The REJ 527 includes two energizing inputs and one external binary input controlled
by an external voltage. For details, refer to section Input/output connections and
tables 5.1.4.6-7, 5.2.1-1 and 5.2.1-5. The function of the binary input is determined
using the SGB switches.
5.1.1.4. Outputs
The REJ 527 is provided with two power outputs (PO1 and PO2) and two signal
outputs (SO1 and SO2). Switchgroups SGR1...6 are used for routing start and trip
signals from the protection stages to the desired signal or power output. PO1 and
PO2 can be configured to be latched and the minimum pulse length to 40 or 80 ms.
5.1.1.5. Circuit-breaker failure protection unit

The REJ 527 features a circuit-breaker failure protection (CBFP) unit. The CBFP
unit will generate a trip signal via output PO2 if the fault has not been cleared on
expiration of the set operate time 0.10 s...1.00 s.
Normally, the CBFP unit controls the upstream circuit breaker. It can also be used
for tripping via redundant trip circuits of the same circuit breaker. The CBFP unit is
activated with a switch of switchgroup SGF1.
5.1.1.6. Disturbance recorder

The REJ 527 includes an internal disturbance recorder which records the momentary
measured values, or the RMS curves of the measured signals, and seven digital
signals: the external binary input signal and the states of the internal protection
stages. The disturbance recorder can be set to be triggered by a start or a trip signal
from any protection stage and/or by an external binary input signal, and either on the
falling or rising triggering edge.
5.1.1.7. HMI module

The HMI of the REJ 527 is equipped with six push-buttons and an alphanumeric
2x16 characters’ LCD. The push-buttons are used for navigating in the menu
structure and for adjusting set values.
An HMI password can be set to protect all user-changeable values from being
changed by an unauthorised person. The HMI password will remain inactive and
will thus not be required for altering parameter values until the default HMI
password has been replaced. Entering the HMI password successfully can be
selected to generate an event code. This feature can be used to indicate interaction
activities via the local HMI. For further information on the HMI, refer to the
Operator’s Manual.
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Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.1.8. Non-volatile memory

The REJ 527 can be configured to store various data in the non-volatile memory,
which will retain its data also in case of loss of auxiliary voltage. Alarm indication
messages and LEDs, the number of starts, disturbance recorder data, event codes and
recorded data can all be configured to be stored in the non-volatile memory whereas
setting values will always be stored.
5.1.1.9. Self-supervision
The self-supervision system of the REJ 527 manages run-time fault situations and
informs the user about an existing fault. When the self-supervision system detects a
permanent internal relay fault, the READY indicator LED will start to blink. At the
same time the self-supervision alarm relay (also referred to as the IRF relay), which
is normally picked up, will drop off and a fault code will appear on the LCD. The
fault code is numerical and identifies the fault type. For fault codes, refer to section
Internal fault in the Operator’s Manual.
READY START TRIP
INTERNAL FAULT
FAULT CODE :56
A501289
Fig. 5.1.1.9.-1 Internal fault

Fault codes can indicate:
• no response on the output contact test
• faulty program, work or parameter memory
• internal reference voltage error
5.1.2. Measurements
The table below presents the measured values which can be accessed through the
HMI. The measured voltage is shown as a percentage of the rated voltage, Un, and
the measured currents of the rated current, In, of the energizing input. The phase
angle is shown in degrees and can be selected to be shown either as the angle
between the voltage and the current or as the angle between the basic angle and the
current with switch SGF3/8. If the measured current and voltage values are too low,
i.e. lower than 0.50 percent, dashes will be shown on the LCD.
15
Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.2-1 Measured values

Indicator Measured data
U0 Zero-sequence voltage
I0 Earth-fault current
Iϕ Directional earth-fault current
j Phase angle
5.1.3. Configuration
The figure below illustrates how the start, trip and binary input signals can be
configured to obtain the required protection functionality.
BI IRF SO2 SO1 PO2 PO1
X2.1 17 18 13 14 15 10 11 12 7 8 9 5 6 3 4
+ + +
IRF
Uo SGR1 4 3 2 1
Uob> START
Io 5 SGB1 SGR2 4 3 2 1
Blocking of stage Uob> TRIP START
SGR3 4 3 2 1
START TRIP
Io>
6 SGB1 SGR4 START 4 3 2 1
Blocking of stage Io> TRIP
SGR5 TRIP
START 4 3 2 1
Io>>
7 SGB1 SGR6 START 4 3 2 1
Blocking of stage Io>> TRIP
1 SGB1 TRIP
INDICATIONS CLEARED
2 SGB1 OUTP. CONT. UNLATCHED

AND INDICATIONS CLEARED
3 SGB1 MEMORIZED VALUES AND

INDIC.CLEARED; OUTPUT
CONTACTS UNLATCHED
4 SGB1
SWITCHGROUP SELECTION
SGF1...SGF5
A0501422
Fig. 5.1.3.-1 Signal diagram of the directional earth-fault relay

The functions of the blocking and start signals are selected with the switches of
switchgroups SGF, SGB and SGR. The checksums of the switchgroups are found
under “SETTINGS” in the HMI menu. The functions of these switches are explained
in detail in the corresponding SG_ -tables.
16
Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.4. Protection
5.1.4.1. Block diagram

Uob>
5s
Uob
SGR1/x C
70 ms SGF1/1
SGF2/8 tb>
SGR2/x 1 1 PO1
Uo>
SGB1/5
SGF3/1 SGR3/x
&
0.50% x Un 70 ms
Io> SGF1/5 0.1 ... 1s
to>,k
SGR4/x
SGF2/7
&
5s C
0.48% x In jb/Ij SGB1/6
SGF1/2
Uo>>
PO2
SGR5/x 1
2
60 ms 1
j
SGF3/3
& SGF2/3
to>>
SGR6/x 3 SO1
4 SO2
SGB1/7
Io>>
Io
Uob> START
SGF2/1 Io>
1
0.12 * Io>
2 * Io>> Io>>
C
60 ms
1.5 * Io> &

1.25 * Io>
tb> TRIP
BI
to> 1
to>>
C
SGB1/1
CLEAR INDICATIONS
SGB1/2
CLEAR INDICATIONS AND MEMORIZED VALUES
SGB1/3
CLEAR INDICATIONS AND MEMORIZED VALUES; UNLATCH OUTPUT CONTACTS
SGB1/4
SETTINGS (Group 1/Group 2)
SGB1/8
BASIC ANGLE CONTROL or Ij characteristic (sin(j) or cos(j))
A0501423
Fig. 5.1.4.1.-1 Block diagram of the directional earth-fault relay REJ 527
5.1.4.2. Directional or non-directional earth-fault current unit

The high-set and the low-set stage of the directional earth-fault current unit can be
configured to be either directional or non-directional. The directional
earth-fault stages can be given either a basic angle or a sin(ϕ) or a cos(ϕ)
characteristic.
The start and the tripping of the directional earth-fault stages with the basic angle
characteristic are based on measuring the earth-fault current, I0, the zero-sequence
voltage, U0, and the phase angle, ϕ, between the voltage and the current. An
earth-fault stage will start when the following three criteria are fulfilled at the same
time:
• The earth-fault current, I0, exceeds the set start value of the low- or high-set
earth-fault stage.
• The zero-sequence voltage, U0, exceeds the set start value of U0b>, which is the
same for both stages in the deblocking mode.
• The phase angle, ϕ, between the voltage and the current falls within the operation
sector ϕb ±∆ϕ.
The basic angle of the network is -90° for isolated neutral networks and 0° for
resonant earthed networks, earthed with an arc suppression coil (Petersen coil) with
or without a parallel resistor. The operation sector is selectable and can be either
∆ϕ=±80° or ±88°. Both operation sectors can be extended.
17
Earth-Fault Relay
When an earth-fault stage starts, a start signal will be generated and a start indication
shown on the HMI. If the above mentioned criteria remain fulfilled until the set
operate time elapses, the stage will deliver a trip signal and a trip indication will be
shown on the HMI. The trip indication will remain active although the protection
stage is reset. The direction of the fault spot is determined by means of the angle
between the voltage and the current. Basic angle ϕb can be set between -90° and 0°.
When basic angle ϕb is 0-°, the negative quadrant of the operation sector can be
extended with ϕa (see Fig. 5.1.4.2.-1). Extended operation sector ϕa can be set
between 0 and 90°.
Figures 5.1.4.2.-1, 5.1.4.2.-2 and 5.1.4.2.-3 show examples of the basic angle
characteristic.
Io
In jb=0°
ja=40° Dj=80°
6
OPERATION OPERATION
AREA 4 AREA
Negative Positive
quadrant quadrant
3
1
Io>
-140° -120° -100° -80° -60° -40° -20° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100°
NON-OPERATION AREA
A0501424
Fig. 5.1.4.2.-1 Operation characteristic of the directional earth-fault protection

unit when basic angle ϕb=0°, operation sector ∆ϕ=±80° and
extended operation sector ϕa=40°
LEAD LAG
Uo
Io
OPERATION SECTOR
jb=0°
j Dj=80°
Dj
Io>
ja=40°
A0501425
Fig. 5.1.4.2.-2 Operation characteristic when basic angle ϕb=0°, operation

sector ∆ϕ=±80° and extended operation sector ϕa=40°
18
Earth-Fault Relay
LEAD LAG
Uo
Io
Io>
Dj
OPERATION SECTOR
jb=-90°
Dj=80°
A0501426
Fig. 5.1.4.2.-3 Operation characteristic when basic angle ϕb=-90°

The start and the tripping of the directional earth-fault stages with the sin(ϕ) or the
cos(ϕ) characteristic are based on measuring the earth-fault current, I0, the zero-
sequence voltage, U0, and the phase angle, ϕ, between the voltage and the current.
The sinus or cosinus value of the phase angle is calculated and multiplied by the
earth-fault current to get the directional earth-fault current, Iϕ. An earth-fault stage
will start when the following three criteria are fulfilled at the same time:
• The directional earth-fault current, Iϕ, exceeds the set start value of the
low- or high-set earth-fault stage.
• The zero-sequence voltage, U0, exceeds the set start value of U0b>, which is the
same for both stages in the deblocking mode.
• The phase angle, ϕ, between the voltage and the current falls within the operation
sector, corrected with ϕc.
When an earth-fault stage starts, a start signal will be generated and a start indication
shown on the HMI. If the above mentioned criteria remain fulfilled until the set
operate time elapses, the stage will deliver a trip signal and a trip indication will be
shown on the HMI. The trip indication will remain active although the protection
stage is reset. The direction of the fault spot is determined by means of the angle
between the voltage and the current. Directional earth-fault characteristic sin(ϕ)
corresponds to the earth-fault protection with the basic angle -90° and cos(ϕ) to the
earth-fault protection with the basic angle 0°.
Figures 5.1.4.2.-4 and 5.1.4.2.-5 show examples of the sin(ϕ) and the cos(ϕ)
characteristics.
19
Earth-Fault Relay
jc=2..7°
Uo
Io
Io>(>)
jc=2..7°
A0501427
Fig. 5.1.4.2.-4 Operation characteristic sin(ϕ)
Uo
Io
j
jc=2..7° jc=2..7°
Io>(>)
A0501428
Fig. 5.1.4.2.-5 Operation characteristic cos(ϕ)

The operation directions, forward or reverse, of the directional earth-fault stages can
be selected independently of each other. The directional stages can also be
separately configured to be non-directional.
When the earth-fault current exceeds the set start value of low-set stage I0>, the
earth-fault unit will start to deliver a start signal after a ~ 70 ms’ start time. When
the set operate time at definite-time characteristic or the calculated operate time at
IDMT characteristic elapses, the earth-fault unit will deliver a trip signal.
20
Earth-Fault Relay
When the earth-fault current exceeds the set start value of high-set stage I0>>, the
earth-fault unit will start to deliver a start signal after a ~ 60 ms’ start time. When
the set operate time elapses, the earth-fault unit will deliver a trip signal.
It is possible to block the start and the tripping of an earth-fault stage by applying an
external binary input signal to the relay.
The inverse-time function of stage I0> can be set to be inhibited when stage I0>>
starts with a switch of switchgroup SGF2. In this case the operate time will be
determined by stage I0>>.
The high-set stage can be set out of operation. This state will be indicated by dashes
on the LCD and by “999” when the set start value is read via serial communication.
The set start value of stage I0>> can be automatically doubled in a start situation,
e.g. when the object to be protected is connected to a distribution network. Thus a
set start value below the connection inrush current level can be selected for stage
I0>>. A start situation is defined as a situation where the earth-fault current rises
from a value below 12% x I0> to a value above 150% x I0> in less than 60 ms. The
start situation ends when the current falls below 125% x I0>.
5.1.4.3. Zero-sequence voltage unit

When the zero-sequence voltage exceeds the set start value of low-set stage U0b>,
the voltage unit will start to deliver a start signal after a ~ 70 ms’ start time. When
the set operate time at definite-time characteristic elapses, the voltage unit will
deliver a trip signal.
The two current stages, I0> and I0>>, can be replaced by two additional voltage
stages, low-set stage U0> and high-set stage U0>>, to create a three-stage zero-
sequence voltage module. All three voltage stages measure the same voltage but can
have separate settings both regarding sensitivity and operate time. The signalling
and trip relays can also be selected separately for all three stages.
When the zero-sequence voltage exceeds the set start value of low-set stage U0>, the
voltage unit will start to deliver a start signal after a ~ 70 ms’ start time. When the
set operate time at definite-time characteristic elapses, the voltage unit will deliver
a trip signal.
When the zero-sequence voltage exceeds the set start value of high-set stage U0>>,
the voltage unit will start to deliver a start signal after a ~ 60 ms’ start time. When
the set operate time elapses, the voltage unit will deliver a trip signal.
It is possible to block the start and the tripping of a voltage stage by applying an
external binary input signal to the relay.
High-set stage U0>> can be set out of operation. This state will be indicated by
dashes on the LCD and by “999” when the set start value is read via serial
communication.
21
Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.4.4. Protection against intermittent earth-faults

An intermittent earth-fault typically occurs in an insulated cable where the
insulation has a crack and water leaks into the cable. The earth-fault dries up the
crack in the cable, extinguishing the fault, but reappears after a short time as water
leaks back through the crack. The process repeats, resulting in a succession of fault
current pulses.
Instantaneous
peak value of
Instantaneous neutral current Io
value of neutral
voltage Uo
Fundamental
amplitude of Io
A0501429
Fig. 5.1.4.4.-1 Intermittent fault

When the resetting time of the overcurrent unit is shorter than the interval between
the fault current pulses, the relay will be continually reset and not able to trip. A
resetting time longer than the start time, but short enough not to interfere with
normal operation of the protection and control system, will help to eliminate some
less common health and safety problems.
Set value
³100ms ³100ms
Trip level
A0501430
Fig. 5.1.4.4.-2 Selectable resetting time
22
Earth-Fault Relay
The resetting time can be set to 80, 100, 500 or 1000 ms in SGF5. When the resetting
time is set to 100 ms or above, earth-fault stage I0> will operate as an intermittent
earth-fault stage.
If the CBFP function is in use and a resetting time longer than 80 ms

is selected, a CBFP operate time longer than the resetting time is
recommended.
5.1.4.5. Time/current characteristics

The low-set earth-fault current stage can be given either a definite-time or an inverse
definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic whereas the high-set earth-fault
current stage and the voltage stage(s) feature the definite-time characteristic alone.
The settings of switches SGF4/1...6 determine the operation mode of the stage.
Refer to section Settings for additional information.
At IDMT characteristic, the operate time of the stage is dependent on the current
value: the higher the current value, the shorter the operate time. Six time/current
curve groups are available, of which four comply with the IEC 60255 standard: the
normal inverse, very inverse, extremely inverse and long-time inverse. The two
additional inverse-time curve groups, referred to as RI and RD, are special curve
groups according to ABB praxis.
Characteristics according to the IEC 60255 standard
The relay module incorporates four internationally standardized time/current curve
groups called extremely inverse, very inverse, normal inverse and long-time inverse.
The relationship between time and current is in accordance with the IEC 60255-3
standard and can be expressed as follows:
k×β
t [ s ] = --------------------------
Io- α
 -------- –1
 Io>
where
t = operate time
k = time multiplier
I0 = earth-fault current value
I0> = set start value
Table 5.1.4.5-1 The values of constants α and β

Time/current curve group α β
Normal inverse 0.02 0.14
Very inverse 1.0 13.5
Extremely inverse 2.0 80.0
Long-time inverse 1.0 120
23
Earth-Fault Relay
According to the standard, the normal current range is 2...20 times the setting value
at normal inverse, very inverse or extremely inverse characteristic. The relay is to
start before the current exceeds the setting value by 1.3 times. At long-time inverse
characteristic, the normal current range is specified to be 2...7 times the setting
value, and the relay is to start before the current exceeds the setting value by 1.1
times.
Table 5.1.4.5-2 The operate time tolerances specified by the standard

I0/I0> Normal Very Extremely Long time
2 2,22E 2,34E 2,44E 2,34E
5 1,13E 1,26E 1,48E 1,26E
7 - - - 1,00E
10 1,01E 1,01E 1,02E -
20 1,00E 1,00E 1,00E -
E = accuracy in percent; - = not specified
Within the normal current range the inverse-time stage fulfils the tolerance
requirements of class 5 at all degrees of inversity.
The time/current characteristics according to the IEC and BS standards are
illustrated in Fig. 5.1.4.5.-1...Fig. 5.1.4.5.-4.
If the ratio between the current and the set start value is higher than
20, the operate time will be the same as when the ratio is 20.
RI-type characteristic
The RI-type characteristic is a special characteristic which is principally used for
obtaining time grading with mechanical relays. The characteristic can be expressed
mathematically as follows:
k
t [ s ] = -------------------------------------------------
Io>
0.339 – 0.236 × ---------
Io
where
t = operate time
k = time multiplier
I0 = earth-fault current value
The RI-type characteristic is illustrated in Fig. 5.1.4.5.-5.
24
Earth-Fault Relay
RD-type characteristic
The RD-type characteristic is a special characteristic which is principally used in
earth-fault protection and which requires a high degree of selectivity even at high
resistance faults. The protection can operate in a selective way even if it is not
directional. Mathematically the time/current characteristic can be expressed as
follows:
Io
t [ s ] = 5.8 – 1.35 × log e  ------------------
 k × Io>
where
t = operate time
k = time multiplier
I0 = earth-fault value
The RD-type characteristic is illustrated in Fig. 5.1.4.5.-6.
25
Earth-Fault Relay
t/s
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3 k
1.0
2 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1
0.9 0.4
0.8
0.7 0.3
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.05
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Io/Io>
A0501292
Fig. 5.1.4.5.-1 Normal inverse-time characteristic
26
Earth-Fault Relay
t/s
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
1
0.9
0.8 k
0.7 1.0
0.6 0.9
0.8
0.5 0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.3 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.09 0.1
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Io/Io>
A0501293
Fig. 5.1.4.5.-2 Very inverse-time characteristic
27
Earth-Fault Relay
t/s
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
k
1.0
0.2 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.1 0.4
0.09
0.08 0.3
0.07
0.2
0.06
0.05
0.1
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Io/Io>
A0501294
Fig. 5.1.4.5.-3 Extremely inverse-time characteristic
28
Earth-Fault Relay
t/s
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8 k
7
1.0
6 0.9
5 0.8
0.7
4
0.6
3 0.5
0.4
2
0.3
0.2
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6 0.1
0.5
0.4
0.05
0.3
0.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Io/Io>
A0501295
Fig. 5.1.4.5.-4 Long-time inverse-time characteristic
29
Earth-Fault Relay
t/s
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
k
3 1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
2 0.6
0.5
0.4
1
0.9 0.3
0.8
0.7
0.6 0.2
0.5
0.4
0.3 0.1
0.2
0.05
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 Io/Io>
A0501296
Fig. 5.1.4.5.-5 RI-type inverse-time characteristic
30
Earth-Fault Relay
t/s
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
1 k
0.9
0.8 1.0
0.7 0.9
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.03
0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 I o / I o >
A0501297
Fig. 5.1.4.5.-6 RD-type inverse-time characteristics
31
Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.4.6. Settings
There are two alternative setting groups available, setting groups 1 and 2. Either of
these setting groups can be used as the actual settings, one at a time. Both groups
have their related registers. By switching between the setting groups a whole group
of settings can be changed at the same time. This can be done in any of the following
ways:
Group configuration:
• via the HMI
• entering parameter V150 via serial communication
Group selection:
• switching between Group1 and Group2 is accomplished by means of the external
binary input
The setting values can be altered via the HMI or with a personal computer provided
with the Relay Setting Tool.
Before the relay is connected to a system it must be assured that the relay has been
given the correct settings. If there is any doubt, the setting values should be read with
the relay trip circuits disconnected or tested with current injection, refer to section
Check lists for additional information.
Table 5.1.4.6-1 Setting values

Setting Description Setting range Default setting
U0b>/Un Set start value of stage U0b> as a
percentage of the energizing input used
• definite time 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
tb> Operate time of stage U0b> in seconds at 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
definite-time characteristic
I0>/In Set start value of stage I0> as a percentage
of the energizing input used
• definite time 1.0...100% x In 1.0% x In
• inverse time 1.0...40.0% x In 1.0% x In
U0>/Un Set start value of stage U0> as a
• definite time 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
t 0> Operate time of stage I0> or U0> in 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
seconds at definite-time characteristic
k> Time multiplier k of stage I0> at 0.05...1.00 0.05
IDMT characteristic
I0>>/In Set start value of stage I0>> as a
• definite time 5.0...400% x In2) 5.0% x In
U0>>/ Un Set start value of stage U0>> as a
• definite time 2.0...80.0% x 2.0% x Un
Un2)
32
Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.4.6-1 Setting values (Continued)

Setting Description Setting range Default setting
t0>> Operate time of stage I0>> or U0>> in 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
seconds at definite-time characteristic
ϕa Additional angle of stages I0> and I0>> 0...90° 0°
with the basic angle characteristic
ϕb Basic angle of stages I0> and I0>>. -90...0° -90°
ϕc Angle correction of stages I0> and I0>> 2...7° 2°
with the Iϕ characteristic
CBFP Circuit-breaker failure protection 0.10...1.00 s 0.10 s
1)
At IDMT characteristic, the REJ 527 allows settings above 40% x In for stage I0, but regards any
setting >40% x In as equal to 40% x In.
2)
The stage can be set out of operation in SGF. This state will be indicated by dashes on the LCD and
by "999" when parameters are read via the SPA bus.
Switchgroups and parameter masks

The settings can be altered and the operation characteristics of the relay in various
applications selected in the SG_ selector switchgroups. The switchgroups are
software based and thus not physical switches to be found in the hardware of the
relay. The switches can be set one by one.
A checksum is used for verifying that the switches have been properly set. The
figure below shows an example of manual checksum calculation.
Switch Position Weighting Value
No factor
1 1 x 1 = 1
2 0 x 2 = 0
3 1 x 4 = 4
4 0 x 8 = 0
5 1 x 16 = 16
6 0 x 32 = 0
7 1 x 64 = 64
8 0 x 128 = 0
Checksum SG_ ∑ = 85
Fig. 5.1.4.6.-1 An example of calculating the checksum of a SG_ selector

switchgroup
When the checksum, calculated according to the example above, equals the
checksum of the relay, the switches in the switchgroup have been properly set.
The factory default settings of the switches and the corresponding checksums are
presented in the tables below.
33
Earth-Fault Relay
SGF1...SGF5
Switchgroups SGF1...SGF5 are used for configuring the desired function as
follows.
Table 5.1.4.6-2 SGF1

Default
Switch Function
setting
SGF1/1 Selection of the latching feature for power output PO1 0
SGF1/2 Selection of the latching feature for power output PO2 0
• When the switch is in position 0 and the measuring signal which
caused the trip falls below the set start value, the output contact
will return to its initial state.
• When the switch is in position 1, the output contact will remain
active although the measuring signal which caused the trip falls
below the set start value.
A latched output contact can be unlatched either via the HMI, the
external binary input or the serial bus.
SGF1/3 Minimum pulse length for signal outputs SO1 and SO2 0
• 0=80 ms
• 1=40 ms
SGF1/4 Minimum pulse length for power outputs PO1 and PO2 0
• 0=80 ms
• 1=40 ms
Note!
The latching function of PO1 and PO2 will overrun this function.
SGF1/5 CBFP 0
• When the switch is in position 0, the CBFP is not in use.
• When the switch is in position 1, the signal to output PO1 will
start a timer which will generate a delayed signal to output PO2,
provided that the fault is not cleared before the CBFP operate
time has elapsed.
SGF1/6 Not in use 0
SGF1/7 Not in use 0
SGF1/8 Not in use 0
Σ SGF1 0
34
Earth-Fault Relay

Default
Switch Function
setting
SGF2/1 Automatic doubling of the set start value of stage I>> 0
• When the switch is in position 1, the set start value of the stage
will automatically be doubled at high inrush situations.
SGF2/2 Inverse-time operation of stage I0> inhibited by the start of stage 0
I0>>
• When the switch is in position 1, inverse-time operation is
inhibited.
SGF2/3 Inhibition of stage I0>> or U0>> 0
• When the switch is in position 1, the stage is inhibited
SGF2/4 The operation mode of the start indication of stage I0> or U0> 0
• 0 = the start indication will automatically be cleared once the fault
has disappeared
• 1 = latching. The start indication will remain active although the
fault has disappeared.
SGF2/5 The operation mode of the start indication of stage I0>> or U0>> 0
• 0 = the start indication will automatically be cleared once the fault
has disappeared
• 1 = latching. The start indication will remain active although the
fault has disappeared.
SGF2/6 The operation mode of the start indication of stage U0b> 0
• When the switch is in position 0, the start indication will
automatically be cleared once the fault has disappeared.
SGF2/7 Selection of the earth-fault current or the zero-sequence voltage 0
unit
• 0 = the unit operates with two I0-stages and a voltage deblocking
facility
• 1 = the unit operates as a three-stage zero-sequence voltage unit
SGF2/8 Selection of U0 deblocking for the directional earth-fault protection 0
• 0 = U0 deblocking is in use.
• 1 = U0 deblocking is not in use.
Σ SGF2 0
35
Earth-Fault Relay

Default
Switch Function
setting
SGF3/1 Selection of directional or non-directional operation for stage I0> 0
• 0 = directional
• 1 = non-directional
SGF3/2 Selection of operation for stage I0> 0
• 0 = forward direction
• 1 = reverse direction
SGF3/3 Selection of directional or non-directional operation for stage I0>> 0
• 0 = directional
• 1 = non-directional
SGF3/4 Selection of operation for stage I0>> 0
• 0 = forward direction
• 1 = reverse direction
SGF3/5 Selection of operation criteria for the directional earth-fault 0
protection
• 0 = I0 with the basic angle
• 1 = operation criteria I0sin(ϕ) or I0cos(ϕ)
SGF3/6 Selection of operation areas for the directional earth-fault 0
protection
• 0 = the operation sector is ± 80°
• 1 = the operation sector is ± 88°
SGF3/7 Selection of the I0sin(ϕ) or I0cos(ϕ) characteristic 0
• 0 = I0sin(ϕ) characteristic
• 1 = I0cos(ϕ) characteristic
SGF3/8 Selection of phase angle presentation 1) 0
• 0 = phase angle (ϕ) between ϕb and I0
• 1 = phase angle (ϕ) between I0 and U0
Σ SGF3 0
1) The directional earth-fault stages are not affected.
Table 5.1.4.6-5 SGF4: I0> characteristics

SGF4/1 SGF4/2 SGF4/3 SGF4/4 SGF4/5 SGF4/6 SGF4/7 SGF4/8 Operation
0 0 0 0 0 0 - - Definite time1)
1 0 0 0 0 0 - - Extremely
inverse
0 1 0 0 0 0 - - Very inverse
0 0 1 0 0 0 - - Normal inverse
0 0 0 1 0 0 - - Long-time
inverse
0 0 0 0 1 0 - - RI
0 0 0 0 0 1 - - RD
1)
Default setting
Only one type of characteristic can be selected at a time. If more

than one switch is selected, the characteristic with the lowest
weighting factor of the selected switches will be activated.
36
Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.4.6-6 SGF5: Resetting time of stage I0>/U0>

SGF5/1 SGF5/2 SGF5/3 SGF5/4 SGF5/5 SGF5/6 SGF5/7 SGF5/8 Operation
0 0 0 - - - - - 80 ms1)
1 0 0 - - - - - 100 ms
0 1 0 - - - - - 500 ms
0 0 1 - - - - - 1000 ms
1) Default setting
If the resetting time ≥100 ms, stage I0> will operate as an intermittent earth-fault
stage.
Only one type of characteristic can be selected at a time. If more

than one switch is selected, the characteristic with the lowest
weighting factor of the selected switches will be activated.
37
Earth-Fault Relay
SGB1
Table 5.1.4.6-7 SGB1 Resetting/blocking with BI
Default
Switch Function
setting
SGB1/1 • 0 = indications are not cleared by the binary input signal 0
• 1 = indications are cleared by the binary input signal
SGB1/2 • 0 = indications are not cleared and latched output contacts are 0
not unlatched by the binary input signal
• 1 = indications are cleared and latched output contacts are
unlatched by the binary input signal
SGB1/3 • 0 = indications and memorized values are not cleared and 0
latched output contacts are not unlatched by the binary input
signal
• 1 = indications and memorized values are cleared and latched
output contacts are unlatched by the binary input signal
SGB1/4 Switching between setting groups 1 and 2 using the external 0
binary input
• 0 = the setting group cannot be changed using the external
binary input
• 1 = the currently used setting group is determined by the binary
input. When the binary input is energized, setting group 2 will be
activated.
Note!
When SGB1/4 is set to 1, it is important that the switch has the
same setting in both setting groups.
SGB1/5 Blocking of stage tb> by the binary input signal 0
SGB1/6 Blocking of stage t0> by the binary input signal 0
SGB1/7 Blocking of stage t0>> by the binary input signal 0
• When SGB1/5...7 = 0, tripping of the stage will not be blocked by
the external binary input signal.
• When SGB1/5...7 = 1, tripping of the stage will be blocked by the
external binary input signal.
SGB1/8 Set the basic angle 0°/-90° or cos(ϕ)/sin(ϕ) using the binary input 0
• 0 = the binary input signal does not affect the basic angle
• 1 = the basic angle is -90° or sin(ϕ) when the external binary
input signal is not energized. When the input is energized, the
basic angle is 0° or cos(ϕ).
Σ SGB1 0
SGR1...SGR6
The start and trip signals from the protection stages are connected to the output
contacts with the switches of switchgroups SGR1...SGR6.
The matrix below can be of help when making the desired selections. The start and
trip signals from the different protection stages are combined with the output
contacts by encircling the desired intersection point. Each intersection point is
marked with a switch number, and the corresponding weighting factor of the switch
is shown on the bottom line of the matrix. The switchgroup checksum is obtained by
horizontally adding the weighting factors of all the selected switches of the
switchgroup.
38
Earth-Fault Relay
PO1 PO2 SO1 SO2 Not in use Not in use Not in use Not in use
Checksum
(factory setting)
SGR1 Uob> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 å SGR1=

(12)
SGR2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 å SGR2=
tb>
(3)
SGR3 Io>/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 å SGR3=

Uo> (12)
SGR4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 å SGR4=
to>
(3)
SGR5 Io>>/
Uo>> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 å SGR5=
(12)
SGR6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 å SGR6=
to>>
(3)
Weighting factor 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
A0501431
Fig. 5.1.4.6.-2 Output signal matrix of the directional earth-fault relay
Table 5.1.4.6-8 SGR1...SGR6

Switch Function Default
SGR1/1...4 U0b> signal to output contacts PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2 12
SGR2/1...4 tb> signal to output contacts PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2 3
SGR3/1...4 I0>/U0> signal to output contacts PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2 12
SGR4/1...4 t0> signal to output contacts PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2 3
SGR5/1...4 I0>>/U0>> signal to output contacts PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2 12
SGR6/1...4 t0>> signal to output contacts PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2 3
New trip indication timer

The new trip indication timer can be configured to allow a second trip indication on
the LCD. When several protection stages trip, the first trip indication will be
displayed until the time, as specified by the “NEW TRIP IND.” setting value, has
expired. After this, a new trip indication can displace the old one. The basic
protection functions are not affected by the “NEW TRIP IND.” setting.
Table 5.1.4.6-9 New trip indication timer

Setting Default
Setting Description
range setting
New trip indication New trip indication timer in minutes 0...998 60
No new trip indication allowed until the 999
previous one has been manually cleared
Non-volatile memory settings

The table below presents data which can be configured to be stored in the
non-volatile memory. All of the functions mentioned below can be selected
separately with switches 1...5 in “MEMORY SETTINGS”.
39
Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.4.6-10 Memory settings

Default
Switch Function
setting
1 • 0 = alarm indication messages and LEDs will be cleared 1
• 1 = alarm indication messages and LEDs will be retained
2 • 1 = information on the “NUMBER OF STARTS” of the 1
protection stages will be retained
3 • 1 = disturbance recorder data will be retained 1
4 • 1 = event codes will be retained 1
5 • 1 = recorded data will be retained 1
6 Not in use 0
7 Not in use 0
8 Not in use 0
checksum 31
5.1.4.7. Technical data on protection functions

Table 5.1.4.7-1 Stage U0b>
Feature Stage U0b>

Set start value
• at definite-time characteristic 2.0...80.0% x Un
Start time, typical 70 ms
Time/current characteristic
• definite time
operate time tb> 0.10...300 s
Resetting time, typical 60 ms
Drop-off/pick-up ratio, typical 0.96
Operate time accuracy at definite-time ±2% of the set start value or ±25 ms
characteristic
Operation accuracy
• 2.0...80.0% x Un ±3% of the set start value +0.05% x Un
Table 5.1.4.7-2 Stages I0> or U0> and I0>> or U0>>
Feature Stage I0>1) or U0> Stage I0>> or U0>>

Operation direction of stages I0> forward or reverse forward or reverse
and I0>>
Operation mode of stages I0> directional or non-directional directional or non-directional
and I0>>
Set start value
• at definite-time characteristic 1.0...100% x In 5.0...400% x In 3)
• at IDMT characteristic1) 1.0...40.0% x In 2)
Set start value
• at definite-time characteristic 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0...80.0% x Un
40
Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.4.7-2 Stages I0> or U0> and I0>> or U0>> (Continued)
Feature Stage I0>1) or U0> Stage I0>> or U0>>

Start time, typical 70 ms 60 ms
Time/current characteristics
• definite time
operate times t0> and t0>> 0.10...300 s 0.10...300 s
• IDMT for stage I0> as per IEC Extremely inverse
60255-3 Very inverse
Normal inverse
Long-time inverse
• special type of inverse-time RI-type inverse
characteristic RD-type inverse
time multiplier k of stage I0> 0.05...1.00

Selectable resetting time 80, 100, 500 or 1000 ms 100 ms
Drop-off/pick-up ratio, typical 0.96 0.96
Operate time accuracy at ±2% of the set start value ±2% of the set start value
definite-time characteristic or ±25 ms or ±25 ms
Accuracy class index E at IDMT 5 ±25 ms
characteristic
Operation accuracy
• 1.0...100.0% x In ±3% of the set start value ±3% of the set start value
+0.05% x In +0.05% x In
• 2.0...80.0% x Un ±3% of the set start value ±3% of the set start value
+0.05% x Un +0.05% x Un
1) The start and the tripping of the low-set earth-fault current stage can be blocked by the starting of the
high-set stage, provided that this function has been selected in SGF. If set in SGF, the operate time
will be determined by the set operate time of the high-set stage at heavy fault currents. In order to
obtain a trip signal, the high-set stage must be routed to PO1 or PO2.
2) At IDMT characteristic, the relay allows settings above 40.0% x I for stage I >, but regards
n 0
any setting > 40.0% x In as equal to 40.0% x In.
3) The stage can be set out of operation in SGF. This state will be indicated by dashes on the LCD and
by “999” when parameters are read via the SPA bus.
Table 5.1.4.7-3 Directional element

Feature Setting range
Setting range of the basic angle ϕb -90...0°
Operation sector ϕb ±80° or ±88° with the extended
sector ϕa 0...90°
Operation sector accuracy ±5°
Threshold current for angle measurement
• pick-up/drop-off 0.50/0.30%
Threshold voltage for angle measurement
• pick-up/drop-off 0.48/0.36%
5.1.5. Indicator LEDs and alarm indication messages

The operation of the REJ 527 can be monitored by means of three indicators on the
front panel of the relay: a green READY indicator LED, a yellow START indicator
LED and a red TRIP indicator LED (refer to the Operator’s Manual for a more
thorough presentation).
41
Earth-Fault Relay
In addition, in case of an alarm from a protection stage, a text message will appear
on the LCD.
The messages on the LCD have a certain priority order. If different types of
indications are activated simultaneously, the message with the highest priority will
appear on the LCD.
The priority order of the messages:
1. CBFP
2. TRIP
3. START
5.1.6. Commissioning test

The function test is used for testing the configuration as well as the connections to
and from the relay. By selecting this test the ten internal signals from the protection
stages and the IRF function can be activated and tested one by one. Provided that the
internal signals from the protection stages have been set to be routed to the output
contacts (PO1, PO2, SO1 and SO2) with the switches of SGR1...6, the output
contacts will be activated and the corresponding event codes generated when the test
is run. The test will not generate protection function event codes. Additionally, if the
CBFP function is in use and PO1 is activated, PO2 will be activated, too.
The state of the binary input can be monitored by selecting the binary input test, and
the LEDs can be turned on by selecting the LED test. Refer to the Operator’s Manual
for more detailed instructions on how to perform the tests.
5.1.7. Disturbance recorder
5.1.7.1. Function
The REJ 527 features an integrated disturbance recorder for recording monitored
quantities. The recorder continuously captures the curve forms of the current and
voltage as well as the status of both the internal signals and the external binary input
signal and stores these in the memory.
Triggering of the recorder will generate an event code. After the recorder has been
triggered, it will continue to record data for a pre-defined post-triggering time. An
asterisk will be shown on the LCD on completion of the recording. The status of the
recording can also be viewed using a SPA parameter.
As soon as the recorder has been triggered and the recording has finished, the
recording can be uploaded and analyzed by means of a PC provided with a special
program.
5.1.7.2. Disturbance recorder data

One recording contains data from the two analogue channels and the seven digital
channels for a preselected time. The analogue channels, whose data is stored either
as RMS curves or momentary measured values, are the currents measured by the
relay. The digital channels, referred to as digital signals, are the start and trip signals
from the protection stages and the external binary input signal linked to the relay.
42
Earth-Fault Relay
The recording length varies according to the selected sampling frequency. The RMS
curve is recorded by selecting the sampling frequency to be the same as the nominal
frequency of the relay. The sampling frequency is selected with parameter M15; see
the table below for details.
Table 5.1.7.2-1 Sampling frequency

Nominal frequency Sampling frequency Cycles
Hz Hz
50 800 60
400 120
50 1) 960
60 960 60
480 120
60 1) 960
1) RMS curve.
Recording length:
Cycles
[ s ] = -----------------------------------------------------------------
Nominal frequency [ Hz ]
Changing the setting values of parameters M15 is allowed only when the recorder
has not been triggered.
The post-triggering recording length defines the time during which the recorder
continues to store data after it has been triggered. The length can be changed with
parameter V240. If the post-triggering recording length has been defined to be the
same as the total recording length, no data stored prior to the triggering will be
retained in the memory. By the time the post-triggering recording finishes, a
complete recording will have been created.
Triggering of the recorder immediately after it has been cleared or the auxiliary
voltage connected may result in a shortened total recording length. Disconnection of
the auxiliary voltage after the recorder has been triggered but before the recording
has finished, on the other hand, may result in a shortened post-triggering recording
length. This, however, will not affect the total recording length.
At a power reset, triggered recorder data will be retained in the memory provided
that it has been defined non-volatile.
5.1.7.3. Control and indication of disturbance recorder status

It is possible to control and monitor the recording status of the disturbance recorder
by writing to and reading parameters M1, M2 and V246. Reading parameter V246
will return either the value 0 or 1, indicating whether the recorder has not been
triggered or triggered and ready to be uploaded. Event code E31 will be generated
the moment the disturbance recorder has been triggered. If the recorder is ready to
be uploaded, this will also be indicated by an asterisk shown in the lower right-hand
corner of the LCD when it is in the idle mode.
43
Earth-Fault Relay
Writing the value 1 to parameter M2 will clear the recorder memory, restart the
storing of new data and enable the triggering of the recorder. Recorder data can be
cleared by performing a master reset. Writing the value 2 to parameter V246 will
restart the unloading process by setting the time stamp and the first data ready to be
read.
5.1.7.4. Triggering
The user can select the start or trip signal from any protection stage and/or the
external binary input signal to trigger the disturbance recorder, either on the rising
or falling edge of the signal(s). Triggering on the rising edge means that the
post-triggering recording sequence will start when the signal is activated.
Correspondingly, triggering on the falling edge means that the post-triggering
recording sequence will start when the active signal is reset. The trigger signal(s)
and the edge are selected with parameters V241...V244; see tables 5.1.9.4-5 and
5.1.9.4-6. The recorder can also be triggered manually using parameter M1.
Triggering of the disturbance recorder is only possible if the recorder has not already
been triggered.
5.1.7.5. Settings and unloading

The setting parameters for the disturbance recorder are V parameters V240...V246
and M parameters M15, M18, M20, M80 and M81.
Unloading the recorder requires that M80 and M81 have been set. Unloading is done
using a PC application. The uploaded recorder data is stored in separate files defined
by the comtrade format.
5.1.7.6. Event code of the disturbance recorder

The disturbance recorder generates an event code (E31) on triggering of the recorder
by default. The event mask is defined using serial parameter V158.
5.1.8. Recorded data of the last events

The REJ 527 records up to five events. This enables the user to analyze the last five
fault situations in the electrical power network. Each event includes the measured
zero-sequence voltage, non-directional earth-fault current, directional
earth-fault current and phase angle, start durations, and the time stamp. Additionally,
information on the number of starts is provided.
Recorded data and the number of starts are non-volatile by default. A master reset
will erase the contents of the recorded events and the number of starts.
44
Earth-Fault Relay
The REJ 527 will start to collect data from all the stages when a protection function
starts. When each stage has dropped off, the collected data and the time stamp will
be stored in the first event register and the four previously stored events will move
one step forward. When a sixth event is stored, the oldest event will be cleared.
Table 5.1.8-1 Recorded data

REGISTER Recorded data
EVENT1 • The zero-sequence voltage, U0, the earth-fault current, I0, the directional
earth-fault current, Iϕ, and the phase angle, ϕ, measured as percentages of
the rated voltage and current. The angle is shown in degrees.
• Duration of the last starts of stages tb>, t0> and t0>>, expressed as a
percentage of the set operate time, or of the calculated operate time at IDMT
characteristic. The timing will start when a stage starts. A value other than
zero means that the corresponding stage has started whereas a value which
is 100% of the set or calculated operate time means that the stage has
tripped. If the operate time for a stage has elapsed but is blocked, the value
will be 99% of the set or calculated operate time.
• Time stamp for the event; date and time. The time when the last stage drops
off will be stored. The time stamp is displayed in two registers, one including
the date expressed as yy-mm-dd, and the other including the time expressed
as HH.MM; SS.sss.
EVENT 2 Same as EVENT 1.
Number of • The number of times each protection stage, i.e. U0b>, I0> and I0>>, has
starts started, counting up to 999.
5.1.9. External serial communication
5.1.9.1. Communication ports

The REJ 527 is provided with two serial communication ports: an optical
PC-connection on the front panel and an RS-485 connection on the rear panel.
The D9S-type RS-485 connector is used to connect the relay to the distribution
automation system. This connection enables the use of either the SPA bus
communication protocol or the IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol. The
fibre-optic interface module RER 103 is used to connect the relay to the fibre-optic
communication bus.
Although the RER 103 supports LON bus communication, the REJ 527 does not
support the LON protocol. LON communication requires a separate LSG device.
45
Earth-Fault Relay
READY START TRIP
- ABB -
A0501299
Fig. 5.1.9.1.-1 Front connector (1) for local communication

The relay is connected to a PC used for setting via the optical PC-connector on the
front panel. The front interface uses the SPA bus protocol.
The optical PC-connector galvanically isolates the PC from the relay. The
connection consists of a transmitter stage and a receiver stage. The front connector
is standardized for ABB relay products and requires a specific opto-cable (ABB art.
no 1MKC950001-2). The cable is connected to the serial RS-232C port of the PC.
The optical stage of the cable is powered by RS-232C control signals.
The following serial communication parameters are to be be used for RS-232C:
Number of data bits: 7
Number of stop bits: 1
Parity: even
Baud rate: 9.6 kbps as default
Relay data, such as events, setting values and all input data and memorized values
can be read via the optical PC-interface.
When setting values are altered via the optical PC-interface, the relay will check that
the entered parameter values are within the permitted setting range. If an entered
value is too high or too low, the setting value will remain unchanged.
The REJ 525 has an internal counter which can be accessed via
“COMMUNICATION” under “CONFIGURATION” in the HMI menu. The
counter value is set to 0 when the relay receives a valid message.
5.1.9.2. IEC 60870-5-103 remote communication protocol

The REJ 527 supports the IEC 60870-5-103 remote communication protocol
(henceforward referred to as the IEC_103) in the unbalanced transmission mode.
The IEC_103 protocol is used to transfer measurand and status data from the slave
to the master. However, the IEC_103 protocol cannot be used to transfer disturbance
recorder data.
The IEC_103 protocol can be used only through the RS-485 connection on the rear
panel. Connecting the REJ 527 to the fibre-optic communication bus requires the use
of the fibre-optic interface module RER 103. The line-idle state of the RER 103 is
“light off” whereas it is “light on” according to the IEC_103 standard. Therefore, to
achieve full compatibility in the physical layer between the relay and the master, the
46
Earth-Fault Relay
IEC 60870-5-103 star coupler RER 125 is required. The RER 125 is used to set the
line-idle state “light off” to the relay and “light on” to the master. However, the RER
125 is not required if the master is compatible with the line-idle state “light off”.
Master
system
light on
RER 125
IEC_103 star-coupler
REJ 521
light off
READY START TRIP
ABB
Order
Article
Serial
No: REJ521B 416BAA
No: 1MRS091416
No: 123456
Uaux = 110-240 Vac
Uaux = 48-220 Vdc In = 1/5 A (Io)
fn = 50/60 Hz RER 103
A0501300
Fig. 5.1.9.2.-1 REJ 527 communication using the IEC_103 protocol

The REJ 527 will use the SPA bus protocol as default when the rear connection is in
use. The IEC_103 protocol can be selected through the HMI of the relay. The
selection is memorized and will therefore always be activated when the rear
connection is in use. The use of the IEC_103 protocol in the REJ 527 requires a baud
rate of 9.6 kbps. When the IEC_103 protocol has been selected, event masks are not
in use. Therefore, all events in the configuration set are included in the event
reporting.
The REJ 527 is provided with three different selectable configuration sets, of which
configuration set 1 is used by default. Configuration set 1 provides full compatibility
according to the IEC_103 standard and can be used when the earth-fault unit has
been configured to be non-directional (SGF2/7=0, SGF3/1=1 and SGF3/3=1).
Configuration sets 2 and 3 provide all applicable information of the protection
equipment. However, some information elements have been mapped to a private
range. Configuration set 2 can be used when the earth-fault unit operates as a
two-stage earth-fault current unit with a voltage deblocking facility (SGF2/7=0).
Low-set stage I0> and high-set stage I0>> can be configured to be either directional
or non-directional (SGF3/1 and SGF3/3). Configuration set 3 can be used when the
unit comprises a three-stage zero-sequence voltage unit (SGF2/7=1). Configuration
set 255 is reserved for future use.
The tables below indicate the information mapping of the corresponding
configuration sets. The column GI indicates whether the status of the specified
information object is transmitted within the general interrogation cycle. The relative
time in messages with the type identification 2 is calculated as a time difference
between the occurred event and the event specified in the column Relative time. The
47
Earth-Fault Relay
measurand multiplied by the normalize factor is proportional to the rated value.

Therefore, the maximum value of each measurand is the normalize factor multiplied
by the rated value.
Table 5.1.9.2-1 Information mapping of configuration set 1
identification
Information
Event code
Standard description of
Function
Relative
Event reason the information number
number
(IEC 60870-5-103)
Type
type
time
GI
I0> Start E5/ 160 67 start/pick-up N X E5 2
Activated/Reset E6
I0> Trip E7/ 160 92 trip IN> - E5 2

Activated/Reset E8
I0>> Trip E11/ 160 93 trip IN>> - E5 2

Activated/Reset E12
PO1 E13/ 160 27 auxiliary input 1 X - 1

Activated/Reset E14
PO2 E15/ 160 28 auxiliary input 2 X - 1

Activated/Reset E16
SO1 E17/ 160 29 auxiliary input 3 X - 1

Activated/Reset E18
SO2 E19/ 160 30 auxiliary input 4 X - 1

Activated/Reset E20
identification
Rated value
Information
Normalize
Function
Measurand the information number

number
factor
(IEC 60870-5-103)
Type
type
Current I0 2.40 In 160 147 measurand I 3.4
Voltage U0 2.40 Un

identification
Information
Event code
Function
Relative

number
(IEC 80870-5-103)
Type
time
type
GI
U0b> Start E1/ 170 84 - X E1 2

Activated/Reset E2
U0b> Trip E3/ 170 90 - - E1 2

Activated/Reset E4
I0> Start E5/ 163 1) 67 - X E5 2

Activated/Reset E6 (160) (start/pick-up N)
48
Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.9.2-3 Information mapping of configuration set 2 (Continued)
identification
Information
Event code
Function
Relative
number
(IEC 80870-5-103)
Type
time
type
GI
I0> Trip E7/ 163 1) 92 - - E5 2
Activated/Reset E8 (160) (trip IN>)
I0>> Start E9/ 163 2) 95 - X E9 2

Activated/Reset E10 162 (-)
I0>> Trip E11/ 163 2) 93 - - E9 2

Activated/Reset E12 (160) (trip IN>>)
PO1 E13/ 163 27 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E14
PO2 E15/ 163 28 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E16
SO1 E17/ 163 29 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E18
SO2 E19/ 163 30 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E20
Disturbance E31 163 100 - - - 1

recorder triggered
HMI Password E32/ 163 101 - - - 1

Opened/Closed E33
1)
If stage I0> has been configured to be non-directional (SGF3/1=1), the function type in
brackets will be used.
2) If stage I >> has been configured to be non-directional (SGF3/3=1), the function type in brackets will
0
be used.
identification
Rated value
Information
Normalize
Function

number
factor
(IEC 60870-5-103)
Type
type
Voltage U0 2.40 Un 135 141 - 9
Current I0 2.40 In
Current Iϕ 2.40 In
Phase angle 2.40 75°

(ϕ)
49
Earth-Fault Relay
identification
Information
Event code
Function
Relative
number
(IEC 80870-5-103)
Type
type
time
GI
U0b> Start E1/ 170 84 - X E1 2
Activated/Reset E2
U0b> Trip E3/ 170 90 - - E1 2

Activated/Reset E4
U0> Start E5/ 170 94 - X E5 2

Activated/Reset E6
U0> Trip E7/ 170 91 - - E5 2

Activated/Reset E8
U0>> Start E9/ 170 96 - X E9 2

Activated/Reset E10
U0>> Trip E11/ 170 98 - - E9 2

Activated/Reset E12
PO1 E13/ 170 27 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E14
PO2 E15/ 170 28 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E16
SO1 E17/ 170 29 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E18
SO2 E19/ 170 30 - X - 1

Activated/Reset E20
Disturbance E31 170 100 - - - 1

recorder triggered
HMI Password E32/ 170 101 - - - 1

Opened/Closed E33

identification
Rated value
Information
Normalize
Function

number
factor
(IEC 60870-5-103)
Type
type
Voltage U0 2.40 Un 135 141 - 9
Current I0 2.40 In
Current Iϕ 2.40 In
Phase angle 2.40 75°

(ϕ)
50
Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.9.3. Event codes

Special codes have been determined to represent certain events, such as start and
tripping of protection stages and different states of output signals.
Events E1…E51 are stored in the event register of the relay. The maximum capacity
of the register is 60 events. Under normal conditions the register is empty.
The contents of the register can be read using the L command, five events at a time.
Using the L command erases the previously read events from the register, with the
exception of events E50 and E51 which have to be reset using the C command.
Should a fault occur, for example in data communication, these events can be re-read
using the B command. If needed, the B command can also be repeated.
Events to be included in the event reporting are marked with multiplier 1. The event
mask is formed by the sum of the weighting factors of all those events which are to
be included in the event reporting.
Table 5.1.9.3-1 Event masks

Event
Code Setting range Default setting
mask
V155 E1...E8 0...255 85
V156 E9...E12 0...15 5
V157 E13...E20 0...255 3
V158 E31 0 or 1 1
Table 5.1.9.3-2 Event codes E1…E8

Code Event Weighting factor Default value
E1 Start of stage U0b> 1 1
E2 Start of stage U0b> reset 2 0
E3 Trip of stage U0b> 4 1
E4 Trip of stage U0b> reset 8 0
E5 Start of stage I0> or U0> 16 1
E6 Start of stage I0> or U0> reset 32 0
E7 Trip of stage I0> or U0> 64 1
E8 Trip of stage I0> or U0> reset 128 0
Default value of event mask V155 85

E9 Start of stage I0>> or U0>> 1 1
E10 Start of stage I0>> or U0>> reset 2 0
E11 Trip of stage I0>> or U0>> 4 1
E12 Trip of stage I0>> or U0>> reset 8 0
51
Earth-Fault Relay

E13 PO1 activated 1 1
E14 PO1 reset 2 1
E15 PO2 activated 4 0
E16 PO2 reset 8 0
E17 SO1 activated 16 0
E18 SO1 reset 32 0
E19 SO2 activated 64 0
E20 SO2 reset 128 0
Table 5.1.9.3-5 Event codes E31...E33

E31 Disturbance recorder triggered 1 1
E32 HMI password opened 2 0
E33 HMI password reclosed 4 0
Explanations of the default values:

0 = not included in the event reporting
1 = included in the event reporting
Table 5.1.9.3-6 Event codes E50 and E51

Code Event
E50 Restart of relay
E51 Overflow of event register
Events E50 and E51 are always included in the event reporting.
5.1.9.4. SPA bus communication protocol parameters

In some cases, altering parameter values via serial communication requires the use
of the SPA password. The password is a number within the range 1...999, the default
value being 1.
To enter the setting mode, enter the password into parameter V160. To quit the
setting mode, enter the same password into parameter V161. The password
protection is also reactivated in case of loss of auxiliary voltage.
The HMI password can be changed via parameter V162, but it is not possible to read
the password via this parameter.
Abbreviations used in the following tables:
• R = readable data
• W = writeable data
• P = password protected writeable data
• I = input data
52
Earth-Fault Relay
• S = setting values
• V = recorded data/parameter
• M = disturbance recorder parameter
• O = output data
Settings
Table 5.1.9.4-1 Settings
Actual Group 1 Group 2
Variable Setting range
settings (R) (R, W, P) (R, W, P)
Set start value of stage I0> S1 S41 S81 1.0...100% x In
Set start value of stage U0> S2 1) S42 S82 2.0...80.0% x Un
Operate time of stage I0>/U0> S3 1) S43 S83 0.10...300 s
Time multiplier k of stage I0> S4 1) S44 S84 0.05...1.00 2)
Set start value of stage I0>> S5 1) S45 S85 5.0...400% x In
Set start value of stage U0>> S6 1) S46 S86 2.0...80.0% x Un
Operate time of stage I0>>/U0>> S7 S47 S87 0.10...300 s
Set start value of stage U0b> S8 S48 S88 2.0...80.0% x Un
Operate time of stage U0b> S9 S49 S89 0.10...300 s
Additional angle (ϕa) of stage I0>/ S10 1) S50 S90 0...90°
I0>> with the basic angle
Basic angle (ϕb) of stage I0>/I0>> S11 1) S51 S91 -90...0°
Angle correction (ϕc) of stage I0>/ S12 1) S52 S92 2...7°
I0>> with the Iϕ characteristic
Checksum, SGF1 S13 S53 S93 0...31
Checksum, SGB1 S18 S58 S98 0...255
Checksum, SGR1 S19 S59 S99 0...15
Operate time of CBFP - S121 S121 0.10...1.00 s
Time setting for disabling new trip - S122 S122 0...999 min
indications on the LCD
1) If
the protection stage has been set out of operation, the number indicating the currently used value
will be displaced by “999” when parameters are read via the SPA bus and by dashes on the LCD.
2) Values above 1 equal 1.
53
Earth-Fault Relay
Recorded data
Parameters V1…V3 show the number of starts of the protection stages and
parameter V4 the trip indication code.
Table 5.1.9.4-2 Recorded data: Parameters V1…V4

Recorded data Parameter R, W Value
Number of starts of stage U0b> V1 R 0...999
Number of starts of stage I0>/U0> V2 R 0...999
Number of starts of stage I0>>/U0>> V3 R 0...999
Trip indication code V4 R 0=---
1=U0b>
2=tb>
3=I0> or U0>
4=t0>
5=I0>> or U0>>
6=t0>>
9=CBFP
The last five recorded values can be read with parameters V11...V99. Event n
denotes the last recorded value, n-1 the next one, and so forth.
Table 5.1.9.4-3 Recorded data

Event (R)
Recorded data Value
n n-1 n-2 n-3 n-4
Zero-sequence voltage, U0 V11 V31 V51 V71 V91 0...400% x Un
Earth-fault current I0 V12 V32 V52 V72 V92 0...800% x In
Earth-fault current Iϕ V13 V33 V53 V73 V93 0...±800% x In
Phase angle, ϕ V14 V34 V54 V74 V94 0...±180° 1)
Start duration, stage U0b> V15 V35 V55 V75 V95 0...100%
Start duration, stage I0> or V16 V36 V56 V76 V96 0...100%
U0>
Start duration, stage I0>> or V17 V37 V57 V77 V97 0...100%
U0>>
Time stamp of the registered V18 V38 V58 V78 V98 YY-MM-DD
value, date
Time stamp of the registered V19 V39 V59 V79 V99 HH.MM;
value, time SS.sss
1) If the measured current or voltage values are too low, “+999” will be shown.
54
Earth-Fault Relay
Disturbance recorder
Table 5.1.9.4-4 Parameters for the disturbance recorder
Description Parameter R, W Value/Note
Manual triggering M1 1) W 1
Clear recorder memory M2 W 1
Sampling rate M15 2) R, W 800/960 Hz
400/480 Hz
50/60 Hz
Station identification/unit number M18 R, W 0…9999
Rated frequency M19 R 50 or 60 Hz
Station name M20 R, W Max 16 characters
Digital channel texts M40...46 R
Analogue channel texts M60...61 R
Analogue channel: rated voltage M80 3) R, W Factor 0.00...600, unit (V, kV),
and unit of primary voltage e.g. 20.0,kV)
transformer
Analogue channel: conversion M81 3) R, W Factor 0...65535, unit (A, kA),
factor and unit, I0 e.g. 10.0,kA
Post-triggering recording length V240 R, W 0...100%
Internal trigger signals’ checksum V241 R,W 0...63, see table 5.1.9.4-5
Internal trigger signal’s edge V242 R,W 0...63; 0 = rising, 1 = falling
External trigger signal (BI) V243 R,W 0/1, see table 5.1.9.4-6
External trigger signal’s edge V244 R,W 0/1; 0 = rising, 1 = falling
Triggering state, clearing and V246 R,W R:
restart 0 = recorder not triggered
1 = recorder triggered and
recording stored in the
memory
W:
0 = clear recorder memory
2 = download restart; sets the
first information and the time
stamp for triggering ready to
be read
4 = manual triggering
1)
M1 can be used for broadcast triggering by using the unit address “900”.
2)Parameters can be written when the recorder has not been triggered.
3) The disturbance recorder requires this parameter to be set. The conversion factor is the
transformation ratio multiplied by the rated current of the relay. If this parameter has been given the
default value 0, dashes will be shown on the LCD instead of the primary values and the recorded
data will be redundant.
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.9.4-5 Disturbance recorder internal triggering

Default value of Default value of
Weighting
Event triggering mask, triggering edge,
factor
V241 V242
Start of stage U0b> 1 0 0
Trip of stage U0b> 2 0 0
Start of stage I0> or U0> 4 0 0
Trip of stage I0> or U0> 8 1 0
Start of stage I0>> or U0>> 16 0 0
Trip of stage I0>> or U0>> 32 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Checksum 8 0
Table 5.1.9.4-6 Disturbance recorder external triggering
Default value of Default value of
Weighting
Event triggering mask, triggering edge,
factor
V243 V244
External BI *) 1 1 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Not in use - 0 0
Checksum 1 0
*)
Note that the value of SGB1/3 has to be 0 (indications, output contacts and memorized values will not
be reset by the binary input signal).
Control parameters
Table 5.1.9.4-7 Control parameters
Description Parameter R, W Value
Unlatching output contacts V101 W 1 = unlatch
Clearing registers and unlatching V102 W 1 = clear and unlatch
output contacts
Rated frequency V133 R,W (P) 50=50 Hz
60=60 Hz
Nominal voltage V134 R,W (P) 100, 110, 115, 120 (V)
Remote control of settings V150 R,W 0 = setting group 1
1 = setting group 2
Non-volatile memory settings V152 R, W 0...31
Event mask for I0>, U0> and U0b> V155 R,W 0...255, see Event codes
Event mask for I0>> and U0>> V156 R,W 0...15, see Event codes
Event mask for output contacts’ V157 R,W 0...255, see Event codes
events
Event mask for the disturbance V158 R,W 0...7, see Event codes
recorder and the HMI password
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.1.9.4-7 Control parameters (Continued)

Description Parameter R, W Value
Entering the SPA password for V160 W 1...999
settings
Changing the SPA password or V161 W (P) 1...999
reinstating the password protection
Changing the HMI password V162 W 1...999
Activating the self-supervision V165 W 1 = the self-supervision
output contact is activated
and the READY indicator
LED starts to blink
0 = normal operation
LED test for start and trip indicators V166 W (P) 0 = start and trip LEDs off
1 = trip LED on, start LED off
2 = start LED on, trip LED off
3 = start and trip LEDs on
Default settings V167 W (P) 2 = Restore factory settings
Internal fault code V169 R 0...255
Unit address of the relay V200 R, W 1...254
Data transfer rate, kbps V201 R, W 4.8 or 9.6
Rear communication V202 W 1 = rear connector activated
Relay serial number V230 R ERxxxxxx
CPU serial number V231 R MRxxxxxx
Article number V232 R 1MRS091411(/8)-BAA
Test date V233 R YYYYMMDD
Software number V234 R 1MRS118015
Software revision V235 R A...Z
Software build number V236 R
Date reading and setting V250 R, W YY-MM-DD
(RED 500 format)
Time reading and setting V251 R, W HH.MM; SS.sss
(RED 500 format)
Reading of an event register L R Time, channel number and
event code
Re-reading of an event register B R Time, channel number and
event code
Type designation of the relay F R REJ 527
Reading of relay state data C R 0 = normal state
1 = relay been subject to an
automatic reset
2 = overflow of an event
register
3 = both events 1 and 2
Resetting of relay state data C W 0 = resetting all events
1 = reset only E50
2 = reset only E51
4 = reset all events including
E 51 except for E50
Time reading and setting T R, W 00.000...59.999 s
Date and time reading and setting D R, W YY-MM-DD
HH.MM;SS.sss
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Earth-Fault Relay
Input and output signals

The measured values and the status of the binary input signal can be read (R) with
parameters I1...I5. When the value of parameter I5 is 1, the binary input will be
energized.
Table 5.1.9.4-8 Inputs

Description Parameters (R) Value
Measured residual voltage (U0) I1 0...400%
Measured earth-fault current (I0) I2 0...800%
Measured directional earth-fault current (Iϕ) I3 0...±800%
Measured phase angle (ϕ) I4 0...±180° 1)
Binary input signal I5 0 or 1
1) If the measured current and voltage values are too low, “+999” will be shown.
Each protection stage has its internal output signal. These signals can be read (R)
with parameters O1...O6. The state of the output contacts can be read (R) or changed
(W) with parameters O7...O10. When the value of any of parameters O1...O10 is
changed from 0 to 1, it will be recorded in the corresponding parameter O21...O30.
Table 5.1.9.4-9 Output signals

Recorded
Status of the protection stages State of stage (R) Value
functions (R)
Start of stage U0b> O1 O21 0 or 1
Trip of stage U0b> O2 O22 0 or 1
Start of stage I0> or U0> O3 O23 0 or 1
Trip of stage I0> or U0> O4 O24 0 or 1
Start of stage I0>> or U0>> O5 O25 0 or 1
Trip of stage I0>> or U0>> O6 O26 0 or 1
Table 5.1.9.4-10 Outputs

State of output Recorded
Operation of output contacts Value
(R, W, P) functions (R)
Output PO1 O7 O27 0 or 1
Output PO2 O8 O28 0 or 1
Output SO1 O9 O29 0 or 1
Output SO2 O10 O30 0 or 1
Enabling output contacts PO1, O41 - 0 or 1
PO2, SO1 and SO2
Parameters O7...O10 and O41 control the physical output contacts

which can be connected to e.g. circuit breakers.
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Earth-Fault Relay
5.1.10. Self-supervision (IRF) system

The REJ 527 is provided with an extensive self-supervision system which
continuously supervises the software and the electronics of the relay. It handles
run-time fault situations and informs the user about an existing fault via a LED on
the HMI and a text message on the LCD.
When a fault is detected, the relay will first try to eliminate it by restarting. Only
after the fault has been found to be permanent, the READY indicator LED will start
to blink and the self-supervision output contact will be activated. All other output
contacts are blocked during an internal fault. Further, a fault indication message will
appear on the LCD.
Fault indications have the highest priority on the HMI. None of the other HMI
indications can override the IRF indication. As long as the READY indicator LED
is blinking, the fault indication can not be cleared. In case an internal fault
disappears, the READY indicator LED will stop blinking and the IRF relay will be
returned to the normal service state, but the fault indication message will remain on
the LCD.
The IRF code is the code of the last internal fault detected by the self-supervision
system and describes the type of fault. When a fault appears, the code is to be
recorded and given to an authorised repair shop when overhaul is ordered. For fault
codes, refer to the Operator’s Manual.
5.1.11. Relay parameterization

Local parameterization
The parameters of the relay can be set either locally via the HMI or externally via
serial communication with the Relay Setting Tool. When the parameters are set
locally, the setting parameters can be chosen from the hierarchical menu structure.
The desired language can be selected for parameter descriptions. Refer to the
Operator’s Manual for further information.
External parameterization
The Relay Setting Tool is used for parameterizing the relay units. Adjusting the
parameter values using the Relay Setting Tool is done off-line, after which the
parameters can be downloaded to the relay via a communication port.
5.2. Design description
5.2.1. Input/output connections

All external circuits are connected to the terminals on the rear panel of the relay.
Terminals X1.1-_ are dimensioned for one 0.5...6.0 mm2 wire or for two max
2.5 mm2 wires and terminals X2.1-_ for one 0.08...2.5 mm2 wire or for two max
1.5 mm2 wires.
The energizing voltage is connected to terminals X1.1/4-6. The nominal voltage
(100/110/115/120 V) of the matching transformers has to be selected with SPA
parameter V134 or via the HMI. The energizing current of the earth-fault unit is
connected to terminals X1.1/1-3 (see table 5.2.1-1).
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Earth-Fault Relay
The binary input X2.1/17-18 can be used to generate an external blocking signal, to
unlatch the output contacts or for remote control of relay settings. The requested
function is selected in SGB. The binary input can also be used as a trigger signal for
the disturbance recorder; this function is selected with SPA parameter V243.
The auxiliary voltage of the relay is connected to terminals X2.1/1-2. At DC supply,
the positive lead is connected to terminal X2.1/1. For details, refer to the description
of the auxiliary voltage. The permitted auxiliary voltage range of the relay is marked
on the front panel of the relay.
Output contacts PO1 and PO2 are heavy-duty trip contacts capable of controlling
most circuit breakers. The trip signals from the different protection stages are routed
to the output contacts with switches 1 and 2 of SGR1...SGR6. On delivery from the
factory, the trip signals from all the protection stages are routed to both PO1 and
PO2.
Output contacts SO1 and SO2 can be used for signalling on start and tripping of the
relay. The signals to be routed to output contacts SO1 and SO2 are selected with
switches 3 and 4 of SGR1...SGR6. On delivery from the factory, the start signals
from all the protection stages are routed to both SO1 and SO2.
Output contact IRF functions as an output contact for the self-supervision system of
the protection relay. The IRF relay is energized under normal operating conditions
and contact gap X2.1/13-15 is closed. When a fault is detected by the
self-supervision system or the auxiliary voltage is disconnected, the output contact
will drop off and contact X2.1/13-14 will close.
The following picture presents a rear view of the REJ 527, showing three connecting
sockets: one for measuring transformers, one for power supply and one for serial
communication.
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Earth-Fault Relay
A0501432
Fig. 5.2.1.-1 Rear view of the directional earth-fault relay
Table 5.2.1-1 Inputs for earth-fault current and zero-sequence voltage

Terminal Function
REJ 527B 411BAA REJ 527B 418BAA
X1.1-1 Common Common
X1.1-2 I0 1 A I0 5 A
X1.1-3 I0 0.2 A I0 1 A
X1.1-4 Common Common
X1.1-5 Not in use Not in use
X1.1-6 U0 U0
Table 5.2.1-2 Auxiliary supply voltage

Terminal Function
X2.1-1 Input+
X2.1-2 Input-
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.2.1-3 Output contacts

Terminal Function
X2.1-3 PO1, closing contact
X2.1-4
X2.1-5 PO2, closing contact
X2.1-6
X2.1-7 SO1, common
X2.1-8 SO1, NC
X2.1-9 SO1, NO
X2.1-10 SO2, common
X2.1-11 SO2, NC
X2.1-12 SO2, NO
Table 5.2.1-4 Internal Relay Fault (IRF) contact

Terminal Function
X2.1-13 Internal relay fault, common
X2.1-14 Closed; IRF, or Uaux disconnected
X2.1-15 Closed; no IRF, and Uaux connected
Table 5.2.1-5 Binary input

Terminal Function
X2.1-17 Input+
X2.1-18 Input-
5.2.2. Serial communication connections

The REJ 527 is interfaced with a fibre-optic bus by means of the bus connection
module RER 103 via the D9S-type connector X2 located on the rear panel of the
device. The terminals of the fibre-optic cables are connected to the counter terminals
Rx (Receiver) and Tx (Transmitter) of the bus connection module. The fibre-optic
cables are linked from one protection relay to another and to the substation level
communication unit, e.g. SRIO 1000M and the RER 125.
The optical PC-connection on the front panel of the relay is used to connect the relay
to a fibre-optic SPA bus via opto-cable 1MKC950001-2.
Table 5.2.2-1 RS-485 connector X2 for the RER 103

Terminal Function
X.2.2-1 Data A (data signal +)
X.2.2-2 Data B (data signal -)
X.2.2-3 RTS A (request to send +)
X.2.2-4 RTS B (request to send -)
X.2.2-5 COL A (2.8 V on relay)
X.2.2-6 COL B (2.2 V on relay)
X.2.2-7 GND
X.2.2-8 NC
X.2.2-9 +5 V DC, auxiliary voltage (max. 200 mA)
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Earth-Fault Relay
5.2.3. Technical data
Table 5.2.3-1 Dimensions 1)

Width, frame 111.4 mm, box 94 mm
Height, frame 265.9 mm (6U), box 249.8 mm
Depth 235 mm (245.1 mm with a protective rear cover, available as an option)
Enclosure size 1/4 (x 19”)
Weight of the relay ~3.0 kg
1) For dimension drawings, refer to the Installation Manual (1MRS 750526-MUM).
Table 5.2.3-2 Power supply

Uaux rated Ur=10/120/220/240 V AC
Ur=48/60/110/125/220 V DC
Uaux variation 80…265 V AC
38…265 V DC
Relay power start-up time, typical 300 ms
Burden of auxiliary voltage supply under quiescent/ ~ 4 W/~ 10 W
operating condition
Ripple in the DC auxiliary voltage Max 12% of the DC value
Interruption time in the auxiliary DC voltage without < 30 ms at 48 V DC
resetting the relay < 100 ms at 110 V DC
< 500 ms at 220 V DC
Table 5.2.3-3 Energizing inputs

Rated frequency 50/60 Hz ±5 Hz
Current input
Rated current, In 0.2 A 1A 5A
Thermal withstand capability
• continuously 1.5 A 4A 20 A
• for 1 s 20 A 100 A 500
Dynamic current withstand
• half-wave value 50 A 250 A 1250 A
Input impedance < 750 mΩ < 100 mΩ < 20 mΩ
Voltage input
Rated voltage, Un 100/110/115/
120 V
Thermal withstand capability
• continuously 2 x Un
• for 10 s 3 x Un
Input impedance > 4.7 MΩ
Table 5.2.3-4 Measuring range

Measured residual voltage (U0) as a percentage of the rated voltage of 0…400% x Un
the energizing input
Measured earth-fault current (I0) as a percentage of the rated current of 0...800% x In
the energizing input
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.2.3-5 Binary input

Operating range 18…265 V DC
Rated voltage Un=24/48/60/110/220 V DC
Current drain ~ 2…25 mA
Power consumption < 0.8 W
Table 5.2.3-6 Signal outputs (SO1, SO2) and self-supervision (IRF) output
Rated voltage 250 V AC/DC
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry for 3.0 s 8A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Breaking capacity when the control circuit time-constant L/R 1 A/0.25 A/0.15 A
< 40 ms, at 48/110/220 V DC
Minimum contact load 100 mA at 24 V AC/DC
Table 5.2.3-7 Power outputs (PO1, PO2)

Rated voltage 250 V AC/DC
Continuous carry 5A
Breaking capacity when the control circuit time-constant L/R 5 A/3 A/1 A
< 40 ms, at 48/110/220 V DC
Minimum contact load 100 mA at 24 V AC/DC
Table 5.2.3-8 Enclosure class

Front side IP 54 (flush-mounted)
Rear side, connection terminals IP20
Note!
A rear protective cover (accessory part) can be used to protect and shield the rear of the
case.
Table 5.2.3-9 Environmental tests

Specified service temperature range -10...+55 °C
Storage temperature tests -40...+70 °C according to the IEC 60068-2-48
Dry heat test According to the IEC 60068-2-2
Dry cold test According to the IEC 60068-2-1
Damp heat test, cyclic According to the IEC 60068-2-30
Table 5.2.3-10 Electromagnetic compatibility tests

EMC immunity test level requirements consider the demands in the generic standard
EN 50082-2
1 MHz burst disturbance test, class III According to the IEC 60255-22-1
• Common mode 2.5 kV
• Differential mode 1.0 kV
Electrostatic discharge test, class III According to the IEC 61000-4-2 and
IEC 60255-22-2
• For contact discharge 6 kV
• For air discharge 8 kV
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.2.3-10 Electromagnetic compatibility tests (Continued)

Radio frequency interference tests
• Conducted, common mode According to the IEC 61000-4-6 and
IEC 60255-22-6 (2000)
10 V (rms), f=150 kHz…80 MHz
• Radiated, amplitude-modulated According to the IEC 61000-4-3 and
IEC 60255-22-3 (2000)
10 V/m (rms), f=80…1000 MHz
• Radiated, pulse-modulated According to the ENV 50204 and
IEC 60255-22-3 (2000)
10 V/m, f=900 MHz
• Radiated, test with a portable transmitter According to the IEC 60255-22-3, method C;
f=77.2 MHz, P=6 W; f=72.25 MHz, P=5W
Fast transient disturbance tests According to the IEC 60255-22-4 and
IEC 61000-4-4
• Other terminals 4 kV
• Binary input 2 kV
Surge immunity test According to the IEC 61000-4-5
• Power supply 4 kV, line-to-earth
2 kV, line-to-line
• I/O ports 2 kV, line-to-earth
1 kV, line-to-line
Power frequency (50 Hz) magnetic field According to the IEC 61000-4-8
100 A/m continuous
Voltage dips and short interruptions According to the IEC 61000-4-11
30%/10 ms
60%/100 ms
>95%/5000 ms
Electromagnetic emission tests According to the EN 55011 and EN 50081-2
• Conducted, RF-emission EN 55011, class A, IEC 60255-25
(Mains terminal)
• Radiated RF-emission EN 55011, class A, IEC 60255-25
CE approval Complies with the EMC directive 89/336/EEC
and the LV directive 73/23/EEC
Table 5.2.3-11 Standard tests

Insulation tests
Dielectric tests According to the IEC 60255-5
• Test voltage 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse voltage test According to the IEC 60255-5
• Test voltage 5 kV, unipolar impulses, waveform 1.2/50 µs,
source energy 0.5 J
Insulation resistance measurements According to the IEC 60255-5
• Isolation resistance > 100 MΩ, 500 V DC
Mechanical tests
Vibration tests (sinusoidal) According to the IEC 60255-21-1, class I
Shock and bump test According to the IEC 60255-21-2, class I
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 5.2.3-12 Data communication

Rear interface, connector X2.2
• RS-485 connection for the fibre-optic interface module RER 103
• SPA-bus or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
• 4.8 or 9.6 kbps
Front interface
• Optical RS-232 connection for the opto-cable
• SPA bus protocol
• 4.8 or 9.6 kbps
Auxiliary voltage
The REJ 527 requires a secured auxiliary voltage supply to operate. The internal
power supply of the relay forms the voltages required by the relay electronics. The
power supply is a galvanically isolated (flyback-type) DC/DC converter. When the
auxiliary voltage is connected, the READY indicator LED on the front panel will be
on. For detailed information on power supply, refer to table 5.2.3-2.
The primary side of the power supply is protected with a fuse located on the PCB of
the relay. The fuse size is 3.15 A (slow).
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Earth-Fault Relay
6. Ordering information
Order number (I0 inputs 0.2 A/1 A) REJ527B 411BAA
(Article nr:1MRS091411-BAA)
Order number (I0 inputs 1 A/5 A) REJ527B 418BAA
(Article nr:1MRS091418-BAA)
Protective cover for rear connectors 1MRS060132
Flush mounting kit 1MRS050209
Semi-flush mounting kit 1MRS050253
Wall mounting kit 1MRS050240
Side-by-side mounting kit 1MRS050241
19” Rack mounting kit 1MRS050257
Optic bus connection module 1MRS090701 (RER 103)
Opto-cable 1MKC950001-2
67
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Earth-Fault Relay
7. Abbreviations
ϕa Additional angle
ϕb Basic angle
ϕc Angle correction factor
BI Binary input
CBFP Circuit-breaker failure protection
CPU Central processing unit
CT Current transformer
IDMT Inverse definite minimum time characteristic
IEC_103 Standard IEC 60870-5-103
IRF Internal relay fault
I 0> Low-set earth-fault current stage
I0>> High-set earth-fault current stage
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light-emitting diode
LSG 
LON /SPA Gateway, SPA-ZC 102
HMI Human-Machine Interface
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PO1, PO2 Power outputs
SGB Switchgroup for binary input
SGF Switchgroups for functions
SGR Switchgroups for output contacts
SO1, SO2 Signal outputs
U0b> Zero-sequence voltage stage
U0> Low-set zero-sequence voltage stage
U0>> High-set zero-sequence voltage stage
VT Voltage transformer
69
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Earth-Fault Relay
8. Check lists
Table 8.-1 Setting group 1
Group 1 Default Customer’s
(R, W, P) setting setting
Set start value of stage I0> S41 1.0...100% x In 1.0% x In
Set start value of stage U0> S42 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
Operate time of stage I0>/U0> S43 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
Time multiplier k of stage I0> S44 0.05...1.00 0.05
Set start value of stage I0>> S45 5.0...400% x In 5.0% x In
Set start value of stage U0>> S46 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
Operate time of stage I0>>/ S47 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
U0>>
Set start value of stage U0b> S48 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
Operate time of stage U0b> S49 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
Additional angle (ϕa) of stage S50 0...90° 0°
I0>/I0>> with the basic angle
Basic angle (ϕb) of stage I0>/ S51 -90...0° -90°
I0>>
Angle correction (ϕc) of stage S52 2...7° 2°
I0>/ I0>> with the Iϕ
characteristic
Checksum, SGF1 S53 0...31 0
Checksum, SGB1 S58 0...255 0
Checksum, SGR1 S59 0...15 12
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 8.-2 Setting group 2

Group 2 Default Customer’s
(R, W, P) setting setting
Set start value of stage I0> S81 1.0...100% x In 1.0% x In
Set start value of stage U0> S82 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
Operate time of stage I0>/U0> S83 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
Time multiplier k of stage I0> S84 0.05...1.00 0.05
Set start value of stage I0>> S85 5.0...400% x In 5.0% x In
Set start value of stage U0>> S86 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
Operate time of stage I0>>/ S87 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
U0>>
Set start value of stage U0b> S88 2.0...80.0% x Un 2.0% x Un
Operate time of stage U0b> S89 0.10...300 s 0.10 s
Additional angle (ϕa) of stage S90 0...90° 0°
I0>/I0>> with the basic angle
Basic angle (ϕb) of stage I0>/ S91 -90...0° -90°
I0>>
Angle correction (ϕc) of stage S92 2...7° 2°
I0>/ I0>> with the Iϕ
characteristic
Checksum, SGB1 S98 0...255 0
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Earth-Fault Relay
Table 8.-3 Control parameters

Default Customer’s
Variable Parameter Setting range
setting setting
Rated frequency V133 50/60 50
Nominal voltage V134 100/110/115/120 100
Remote control of settings V150 0/1 0
Non-volatile memory settings V152 0...31 31
Event mask for I0> , U0> and U0b> V155 0...255 85
Event mask for I0>> and U0>> V156 0...15 5
Event mask for output contacts’ V157 0...255 3
events
Event mask for the disturbance V158 0...7 1
recorder and the HMI password
Unit address of the relay V200 1...254 1
Data transfer rate V201 4.8 or 9.6 kbps 9.6
Operate time of the CBFP S121 0.10...1.00 s 0.10
Time setting for disabling new trip S122 0...999 min 60
indications on the LCD
Table 8.-4 Parameters for the disturbance recorder

Default Customer’s
Information Parameter Setting range
setting setting
Post-triggering recording length in V240 0...100% 50%
percent
Internal trigger signals’ checksum V241 0...63 8
Internal trigger signal’s edge V242 0...63 0
External trigger signal (BI) V243 0/1 1
External trigger signal’s edge V244 0/1 0
Sampling rate M15 800/960 Hz 800/960
400/480 Hz Hz
50/60 Hz
Station identification/unit number M18 0…9999 0000
Station name M20 Max 15 - ABB -
characters
Analogue channel: rated voltage M80 Rated voltage 0.00,kV
and unit of primary voltage 0.00...600;
transformer unit V or kV
Analogue channel: conversion M81 Factor 0…65535; 00000, A
factor and unit, I0 unit A or kA
73
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Earth-Fault Relay
9. Service
When the protection relay is used under the conditions specified in Section 5.2.3.
Technical data, it is practically maintenance-free. The protection relay electronics
include no parts or components subject to abnormal physical or electrical wear under
normal operating conditions.
If the relay fails in operation or if the operating values considerably differ from those
mentioned in the protection relay specifications, the relay should be overhauled. All
repairs are to be taken by the manufacturer. Please contact the manufacturer or its
nearest representative for further information about checking, overhaul and
recalibration of the relay.
To achieve the best possible operation accuracy, all parts of the

protection relay have been calibrated together. In the event of
malfunction, please consult your relay supplier.
If the protection relay is sent to the manufacturer, it has to be
carefully packed to prevent further damage to the device.
75
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Earth-Fault Relay
10. Index
A
Application ............................................................................................... 11
Auxiliary voltage .......................................................................... 61, 63, 66
B
Basic angle .................................................................. 17, 33, 36, 38, 41, 53
Binary input ........................................................................................ 62, 64
Binary input test ....................................................................................... 42
Block diagram .......................................................................................... 17
C
CBFP ........................................................................................................ 14
Check lists ................................................................................................ 71
Checksum calculation ............................................................................... 33
Communication ports ............................................................................... 45
Communication protocol .......................................................................... 46
Comtrade .................................................................................................. 44
Configuration ............................................................................................ 16
Connection diagram .................................................................................. 12
Control parameters ............................................................................. 56, 73
Cos(j) characteristics .............................................................. 17, 19, 36, 38
Counter ..................................................................................................... 46
D
Data communication ................................................................................. 66
Design description .................................................................................... 59
Dimensions ............................................................................................... 63
Directional earth-fault current .................................................................. 17
Directional element .................................................................................. 41
Disturbance recorder .................................................................... 14, 42, 55
Disturbance recorder data ......................................................................... 42
E
Earth-fault current ........................................................................ 17, 19, 20
Electromagnetic compatibility tests ......................................................... 64
Energizing inputs ...................................................................................... 63
Environmental conditions ......................................................................... 11
Environmental tests .................................................................................. 64
Event codes ................................................................................... 44, 51, 52
External parameterization ......................................................................... 59
F
Fault code ........................................................................................... 15, 59
Features ....................................................................................................... 9
Function test ............................................................................................. 42
77
Earth-Fault Relay
H
HMI .................................................................................................... 14, 32
I
IEC 60255 standard .................................................................................. 23
IEC 60870-5-103 ...................................................................................... 46
Indication messages ............................................................................ 41, 59
Input/output connections .......................................................................... 59
Input/output signals .................................................................................. 58
Inputs .................................................................................................. 14, 58
Intermittent earth-fault ....................................................................... 22, 37
Internal relay fault ........................................................................ 15, 59, 62
L
Latching feature ........................................................................................ 34
LCD .................................................................................................... 14, 59
LED .............................................................................................. 15, 41, 59
LED test ................................................................................................... 42
Local parameterization ............................................................................. 59
LON bus ................................................................................................... 45
M
Master reset .............................................................................................. 44
Measurements ........................................................................................... 15
Measuring range ....................................................................................... 63
N
New trip indication ................................................................................... 39
Non-directional earth-fault current ........................................................... 17
Non-volatile memory ......................................................................... 15, 39
O
Operation direction ............................................................................. 20, 40
Ordering information ................................................................................ 67
Output signals ........................................................................................... 58
P
Parameterization ....................................................................................... 59
Parameters for the disturbance recorder ............................................. 55, 73
Password ............................................................................................ 14, 52
Power outputs (PO1, PO2) ........................................................... 14, 62, 64
Power supply ............................................................................................ 63
Product functions ..................................................................................... 13
78
Earth-Fault Relay
R
RD-type characteristic .............................................................................. 25
Recorded data ..................................................................................... 44, 54
Requirements ............................................................................................ 11
RI-type characteristic ................................................................................ 24
S
Self-supervision .................................................................................. 15, 59
Serial communication ......................................................................... 45, 62
Setting groups ............................................................................... 32, 71, 72
Settings ............................................................................................... 32, 53
SGB1 ........................................................................................................ 38
SGF1...SGF5 ............................................................................................ 34
SGR1...SGR6 ...................................................................................... 38, 60
Signal diagram .......................................................................................... 16
Signal outputs (SO1, SO2) ........................................................... 14, 62, 64
Sin(j) characteristics ..................................................................... 17, 36, 38
SPA bus communication protocol ............................................................ 45
Switchgroups ............................................................................................ 33
T
Technical data ........................................................................................... 63
Technical data on protection functions ..................................................... 40
Time/current characteristics ..................................................................... 23
W
Weighting factor ....................................................................................... 33
Z
Zero-sequence voltage ........................................................................ 17, 21
79
1MRS750616-MUM EN 11.2005
ABB Oy
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 Vaasa
FINLAND
Tel. +358 10 22 11
Fax. +358 10 224 1094
www.abb.com/substationautomation

Directional or Non-Directional Earth-Fault Relay REJ 527: Technical Reference Manual

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Directional or Non-Directional Earth-Fault Relay REJ 527: Technical Reference Manual

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Directional or Non-Directional

Technical Reference Manual

5.1.4.6. Settings ............................................................ 32

1. About this manual

1.5. Use of symbols

The electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which

The caution icon indicates important information or warning related

The information icon alerts the reader to relevant facts and

1.7. Related documents

Name of the manual MRS number

1.8. Document revisions

Version Date History

3.1. Use of the relay

• All settings can be modified with a personal computer

• Specified ambient service temperature range -10...+55°C

BI IRF SO2 SO1 PO2 PO1

X1.1 1 23 4 6 X2.1 17 18 X2.1 1 2 X2.1 13 14 15 X2.1 10 11 12 X2.1 7 8 9 X2.1 5 6 X2.1 3 4

Fig. 4.3.-1 Connection diagram of the directional earth-fault relay

5.1. Functional description

5.1.1. Product functions

5.1.1.1. Schema of product functions

Io Earth-fault protection with definite- or PO1

Uo Earth-fault protection with instantaneous SO1

Zero-sequence voltage element

Directional earth-fault element

Circuit-breaker failure protection

Binary input BI Remote reset, remote setting control or blocking

Fig. 5.1.1.1.-1 Product functions

5.1.1.2. Earth-fault current, zero-sequence voltage and intermittent

5.1.1.5. Circuit-breaker failure protection unit

5.1.1.6. Disturbance recorder

5.1.1.7. HMI module

5.1.1.8. Non-volatile memory

READY START TRIP

Fig. 5.1.1.9.-1 Internal fault

Table 5.1.2-1 Measured values

2 SGB1 OUTP. CONT. UNLATCHED

3 SGB1 MEMORIZED VALUES AND

Fig. 5.1.3.-1 Signal diagram of the directional earth-fault relay

5.1.4.1. Block diagram

1.5 * Io> &

5.1.4.2. Directional or non-directional earth-fault current unit

Fig. 5.1.4.2.-1 Operation characteristic of the directional earth-fault protection

Fig. 5.1.4.2.-2 Operation characteristic when basic angle ϕb=0°, operation

Fig. 5.1.4.2.-3 Operation characteristic when basic angle ϕb=-90°

Fig. 5.1.4.2.-4 Operation characteristic sin(ϕ)

Fig. 5.1.4.2.-5 Operation characteristic cos(ϕ)

5.1.4.3. Zero-sequence voltage unit

5.1.4.4. Protection against intermittent earth-faults

Fig. 5.1.4.4.-1 Intermittent fault

Fig. 5.1.4.4.-2 Selectable resetting time

If the CBFP function is in use and a resetting time longer than 80 ms

5.1.4.5. Time/current characteristics

Table 5.1.4.5-1 The values of constants α and β

Table 5.1.4.5-2 The operate time tolerances specified by the standard

Fig. 5.1.4.5.-1 Normal inverse-time characteristic

Fig. 5.1.4.5.-2 Very inverse-time characteristic

Fig. 5.1.4.5.-3 Extremely inverse-time characteristic

Fig. 5.1.4.5.-4 Long-time inverse-time characteristic