M02/510/H(1)M+

c
INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
BACCALAURÉAT INTERNATIONAL
BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL

MARKSCHEME

May 2002

MATHEMATICS

Higher Level

Paper 1

12 pages
 –3– M02/510/H(1)M+

Paper 1 Markscheme

Instructions to Examiners

Note: The number of marks for each question has been increased to 6. Where there are 2 marks
(e.g. M2, A2) for an answer do NOT split the marks unless otherwise instructed.

1 Method of Marking

(a) All marking must be done using a red pen.

(b) In this paper, the maximum mark is awarded for a correct answer, irrespective of the method
used. Thus, if the correct answer appears in the answer box, award the maximum mark and
move onto the next question; in this case there is no need to check the method.

(c) If an answer is wrong, then marks should be awarded for the method according to the
markscheme. (A correct answer incorrectly transferred to the answer box is awarded the
maximum mark.)

2 Abbreviations

The markscheme may make use of the following abbreviations:

M Marks awarded for Method

A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy

G Marks awarded for correct solutions, generally obtained from a Graphic Display Calculator,
irrespective of working shown

C Marks awarded for Correct answers (irrespective of working shown)

R Marks awarded for clear Reasoning

3 Follow Through (ft) Marks

Errors made at any step of a solution can affect all working that follows. To limit the severity of the
penalty, follow through (ft) marks should be awarded. The procedures for awarding these marks
require that all examiners:

(i) penalise the error when it first occurs;

(ii) accept the incorrect answer as the appropriate value or quantity to be used in all subsequent
working;

(iii) award M marks for a correct method and A(ft) marks if the subsequent working contains no
further errors.

Follow through procedures may be applied repeatedly throughout the same problem.

The errors made by a candidate may be: arithmetical errors; errors in algebraic manipulation; errors in
geometrical representation; use of an incorrect formula; errors in conceptual understanding.
 –4– M02/510/H(1)M+

The following illustrates a use of the follow through procedure.

Markscheme Candidate’s Script Marking

$ 600 × 1.02 M1 Amount earned = $ 600 × 1.02 8 M1
= $ 612 A1 = $ 602 × A0
$ (306 × 1.02) + (306 × 1.04) M1 Amount = 301 × 1.02 + 301 × 1.04 8 M1
= $ 630.36 A1 = $ 620.06 8 A1(ft)

Note that the candidate made an arithmetical error at line 2; the candidate used a correct method at
lines 3, 4; the candidate’s working at lines 3, 4 is correct.

However, if a question is transformed by an error into a different, much simpler question then:

(i) fewer marks should be awarded at the discretion of the Examiner;

(ii) marks awarded should be followed by ‘(d)’ (to indicate that these marks have been awarded at
the discretion of the Examiner);

(iii) a brief note should be written on the script explaining how these marks have been awarded.

4 Using the Markscheme

(a) This markscheme presents a particular way in which each question may be worked and how it
should be marked. Alternative methods have not always been included. Thus, if an answer is
wrong then the working must be carefully analysed in order that marks are awarded for a
different method in a manner which is consistent with the markscheme.

In this case:

(i) a mark should be awarded followed by ‘(d)’ (to indicate that the marks have been
awarded at the discretion of the Examiner);

(ii) a brief note should be written on the script explaining how these marks have been
awarded.

Where alternative methods for complete questions are included, they are indicated by
METHOD 1, METHOD 2, etc. Other alternative solutions, including graphic display
calculator alternative solutions are indicated by OR. For example:

Mean = 7906/134 (M1)

= 59 (A1)
OR
Mean = 59 (G2)

sin θ
(b) Unless the question specifies otherwise, accept equivalent forms. For example: for tan θ .
cosθ
These equivalent numerical or algebraic forms may be written in brackets after the required answer.

(c) As this is an international examination, all alternative forms of notation should be accepted.
!
For example: 1.7 , 1 ⋅ 7 , 1,7 ; different forms of vector notation such as u , u , u ; tan −1 x for
arctan x.
 –5– M02/510/H(1)M+

5 Accuracy of Answers

There are two types of accuracy errors, incorrect level of accuracy, and rounding errors. Unless the
level of accuracy is specified in the question candidates should be penalized once only IN THE
PAPER for any accuracy error (AP). This could be an incorrect level of accuracy, or a rounding
error. Hence, on the first occasion in the paper when a correct answer is given to the wrong degree of
accuracy, or rounded incorrectly, maximum marks are not awarded, but on all subsequent occasions
when accuracy errors occur, then maximum marks are awarded.

There are also situations (particularly in some of the options) where giving an answer to more than 3
significant figures is acceptable. This will be noted in the markscheme.

(a) Level of accuracy

(i) In the case when the accuracy of the answer is specified in the question (for example:
“find the size of angle A to the nearest degree”) the maximum mark is awarded only if
the correct answer is given to the accuracy required.

(ii) When the accuracy is not specified in the question, then the general rule applies:

Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must

be given exactly or to three significant figures.

(b) Rounding errors

Rounding errors should only be penalized at the final answer stage. This does not apply to
intermediate answers, only those asked for as part of a question. Premature rounding which
leads to incorrect answers should only be penalized at the answer stage.

Incorrect answers are wrong, and should not be considered under (a) or (b).

Examples

A question leads to the answer 4.6789….

! 4.68 is the correct 3 s.f. answer.

! 4.7, 4.679 are to the wrong level of accuracy, and should be penalised the first time this type of
error occurs.
! 4.67 is incorrectly rounded – penalise on the first occurrence.
Note: All these “incorrect” answers may be assumed to come from 4.6789..., even if that value is not
seen, but previous correct working is shown. However, 4.60 is wrong, as is 4.5, 4.8, and these should
be penalised as being incorrect answers, not as examples of accuracy errors.
 –6– M02/510/H(1)M+

Markscheme Candidate’s Script (A) Marking

(a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 M1 (a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 M1
= 7.9233 = 7.92 (3 s.f.) A1 = 7.9233 = 7.92 A1

(b) 2a = 2 × 7.9233 A1 (b) 2a = 2 × 7.29 = 14.58 A0

= 15.8466 = 15.8 (3 s.f.) A1 = 14.5 A0(AP)
Total 2 marks

Notes: Award A1 for either the exact answer 7.9233 or the 3 s.f. answer 7.92.
In line 3, Candidate A has incorrectly transcribed the answer for part (a), but then
performs the calculation correctly, and would normally gain the follow through marks.
However, the final answer is incorrectly rounded, and the AP applies.

Candidate’s Script (B) Marking Candidate’s Script (C) Marking

(a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 = 7.9233 M1 (a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 = 7.9233 M1
= 7.92 A1 = 7.93 A0(AP)

(b) 2a = 2 × 7.9233 A1 (b) 2a = 2 × 7.93 A1(ft)

= 15.8466 = 15.85 A0(AP) = 15.86 = 15.8 A1(ft)
Total 3 marks Total 3 marks

Notes: Candidate B has given the answer to part (b) to the wrong level of accuracy, AP applies.
Candidate C has incorrectly rounded the answers to both parts (a) and (b), is penalised
(AP) on the first occurrence (line 2), and awarded follow through marks for part (b).

Candidate’s Script (D) Marking Candidate’s Script (E) Marking

(a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 M1 (a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 = 7.923 M1
= 7.923 = 7.9 A0(AP) = 7.93 A0(AP)

(b) 2a = 2 × 7.923 A1(ft) (b) 2a = 2 × 7.93 A1(ft)

= 19.446 = 19.5 A0 = 15.86 A1(ft)
Total 2 marks Total 3 marks

Notes: Candidate D has given the answer to part (a) to the wrong level of accuracy, and therefore
loses 1 mark (AP). The answer to part (b) is wrong.
Candidate E has incorrectly rounded the answer to part (a), therefore loses 1 mark
(AP), is awarded follow through marks for part (b), and does not lose a mark for the
wrong level of accuracy.

6 Graphic Display Calculators

Many candidates will be obtaining solutions directly from their calculators, often without showing
any working. They have been advised that they must use mathematical notation, not calculator
commands when explaining what they are doing. Incorrect answers without working will receive
no marks. However, if there is written evidence of using a graphic display calculator correctly,
method marks may be awarded. Where possible, examples will be provided to guide examiners in
awarding these method marks.
 –7– M02/510/H(1)M+

n
1. (a) Sn = ( 2 × 2 + 3(n − 1) ) (M1)
2
n
= (3n + 1) (A1) (C2)
2

n
(b) (3n + 1) = 1365 ⇒ 3n 2 + n − 2730 = 0 (M1)(A1)
2
−91
⇒ n = 30 or n = (A1)
3
n = 30 (A1) (C4)
[6 marks]

1dt
2. (a) Distance = ∫0 2 + t2
(M1)(A1)
1
 1  t   1 1 
= arctan     or tan −1  (A1)
 2  2 0  2 2
= 0.435 (A1) (C4)

(b) Acceleration = dv (M1)

dt
−2t
= (A1) (C2)
(2 + t 2 ) 2

[6 marks]

p
3. (a) 8i = 8, arg 8i = (or 1.57, 90" ) (A1)(A1)
2
 π π
8i = 8  cos + i sin  (C2)
 2 2

p
(b) (i) z = 2, arg z = (or 0.524, 30" ) (A1)(A1)
6
 π π
z = 2  cos + i sin  (C2)
 6 6

(ii) z = 3+i (or 1.73 + i) (A1)(A1) (C2)

[6 marks]

4. A = 2(2k + 4) + (−5) + k (4 − 3k ) (M1)(A1)

A =0 (M1)
2
⇒ 3k − 8k − 3 = 0 (A1)
1
k = 3, − (A1)(A1) (C6)
3

Note: Award (A2) for k = 3 with no working.

[6 marks]
 –8– M02/510/H(1)M+

5. v⋅w = 2+3+ 2 = 7 (A1)

v = 6 (A1)
w = 14 (A1)
 v⋅w 
θ = arccos   (M1)
v w 
 7 
= arccos   (A1)
 6 14 
= 0.702 radians. (A1)
[6 marks]

 x3  x3 1
6. (a) ∫ x 2 ln x dx =  ln x  −
3  3 x ∫
dx (M1)(A1)(A1)

x3 x3
= ln x − (Constant of integration not required.) (A1) (C4)
3 9

2  8 7
(b) ∫1
x 2 ln x dx = 1.07  or ln 2 − 
 3 9
(A2) (C2)

[6 marks]

7.
> 25 o (0.3)

R (0.2)

> 25o (0.6)

R ′(0.8)

(M2)

P (> 25" ) = 0.2 × 0.3 + 0.8 × 0.6 = 0.54 (M1)(A1)

0.06 1
P ( R > 25" ) = = (or 0.111) (M1)(A1) (C6)
0.54 9
[6 marks]
 –9– M02/510/H(1)M+

8. Solve 1 + λ = 1 + 2 µ ,1 + 2λ = 4 + µ ,1 + 3λ = 5 + 2 µ (M1)(A1)
Solving, λ = 2, (or µ = 1) . (A1)
P has position vector 3i + 5 j + 7 k . (A1)(A1)(A1) (C6)
[6 marks]

6
9. (a) Probability =   × (0.4) 4 × (0.6)2 (M1)(A1)
 4
 432 
= 0.138  accept or 0.13824  (A2) (C4)
 3125 

Probability = (0.6)2 × 0.4 = 0.144  or

18 
(b)  (M1)(A1) (C2)
 125 
[6 marks]

10. METHOD 1
1
tan θ + = 3 ⇒ tan 2 θ − 3tan θ + 1 = 0 (M1)
tan θ
3± 5
tan θ = (A1)
2
= 0.382, 2.618 (A1)(A1)
θ = 20.9 , 69.1
" "
(A1)(A1) (C6)

METHOD 2
sin θ cosθ 1
+ =3⇒ =3 (M1)(A1)
cosθ sin θ sin θ cosθ
1 3
⇒ = (A1)
sin 2θ 2
2
⇒ sin 2θ = (A1)
3
⇒ θ = 20.9" , 69.1" (A1)(A1) (C6)

[6 marks]

 0.95 − 0.8   0.74 − 0.8 

11. P (0.74 < X < 0.95) = Φ   − Φ  (M1)(A1)
 0.12   0.12 
= Φ (1.25) − Φ (−0.5) (A1)
= 0.8944 − (1 − 0.6915) (A1)(A1)
= 0.586 (A1) (C6)
[6 marks]
 – 10 – M02/510/H(1)M+

12. (a) f (θ ) = R cosθ cosα + R sin θ sin α (M1)

R cos α = 4, R sin α = 3 (M1)
3
R = 5, α = arctan = 0.644 (A1)(A1)
4
f (θ ) = 5cos(θ − 0.644) (C4)

(b) f (θ ) is maximum when θ = α (M1)

i.e. θ = 0.644 radians (A1) (C2)
[6 marks]

13. (a) At A, x = 0.753 (G2) (C2)

(b) At B, x = 2.45 (G2) (C2)

2.45
(c) Area ∫0.753
y dx = 1.78 (M1)(G1) (C2)

[6 marks]

14. (a) Median = 135 (A2) (C2)

(b) Q1 = 130 , Q 2 = 141 (A1)(A1)

IQ Range = 141 − 130 = 11 (M1)(A1) (C4)
[6 marks]

 1 
15. (a) A= − ,2  (A1)(A1) (C2)
 2 

(b) 2x −1 (A1)
y=
x+2
⇒ yx + 2 y = 2 x −1 (M1)
⇒ 2 y + 1 = 2 x − yx = x (2 − y ) (M1)
1+ 2y
⇒x=
2− y
1 + 2x
⇒ f −1 ( x) = (A1) (C4)
2− x
[6 marks]

16. e 2 x − 7e x + 6 ≤ 0 ⇒ (e x − 1)(e x − 6) ≤ 0 (M1)(A1)

x
⇒1≤ e ≤ 6 (A1)(A1)
0 ≤ x ≤ ln 6 (or 1.79) (A1)(A1) (C6)
[6 marks]
 – 11 – M02/510/H(1)M+

dy dy
17. y 3 + 3 xy 2 + 4 xy + 2 x 2 =0 (M1)(A1)
dx dx
dy − ( y 3 + 4 xy )
⇒ = (A1)
dx 3 xy 2 + 2 x 2
dy
At (1,1), = −1 (A1)
dx
Equation of tangent is y − 1 = −1( x − 1) or x + y = 2 (A2) (C6)
[6 marks]

18. (a) 2 x + 3 y = 8 and x + 2 y = 5 ⇒ x = 1, y = 2 (M1)(A1)(A1)

P is (1, 2) (C3)

(b) 2 x + 3 y = x and x + 2 y = y ⇒ x = y = 0 (M1)(A1)

(0, 0) is transformed to itself. (A1) (C3)
[6 marks]

2 2
19. (a) A = 2 x × e − x = 2 xe − x (M1)(A1) (C2)

dA 2
(b) = 2(1 − 2 x 2 ) e − x (A2)
dx
dA 1
= 0 when x = (A1)
dx 2
1
−
2
Amax = 2e (or 0.858) (A1) (C4)

[6 marks]
 – 12 – M02/510/H(1)M+

20.
denote pts of inflexion
y

0 1 2 3 4 x
(A2)(A2)(A2) (C6)

Note: Award (A2) for the shape, and (A2) for each point of inflexion.

[6 marks]