SECTION 1

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time - 25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)

Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for
standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special
directions for each type.

Structure
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see
four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill
in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so
that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.
Look at the following examples.

Example I
The president the election by a landslide. Sample answer
(A) won
(B) he won

(C) yesterday
(D) fortunately

The sentence should read, "The president won the election by a landslide." Therefore, you
should choose (A).

Example II
When the conference? Sample answer

(A) the doctor attended

(B) did the doctor attend
(C) the doctor will attend
(D) the doctors attendance

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, you
should choose (B).
Now begin work on the questions.
1. , the outermost layer of skin, is 6. Conditions required for seed
about as thick as a sheet of paper over germination include abundant water, an
most of the skin. adequate supply of oxygen, and

(A) It is the epidermis

(A) the temperatures must be
(B) In the epidermis appropriate
(C) The epidermis (B) having appropriate
temperatures
(D) The epidermis is
(C) appropriate temperatures
2. Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon
and Rick Blaine in Casablanca of (D) appropriately temperate
Humphrey Bogart’s more famous roles.
7. When fluid accumulates against the
(A) they are two eardrum, a second more insidious type of
(B) two of them are
(A) otitis media may develop
(C) two of them
(B) developing otitis media
(D) are two
(C) the development of otitis
3. The compound microscope has not media
one two lenses.
(D) to develop otitis media
(A) and also
8. Some general theories of
(B) but motivation of central motives,
(C) and there are from which other motives develop.

(D) but there are (A) identify a limited number

4. During the Precambrian period, the (B) identification of a limited

Earth's crust formed, and life in the amount
seas. (C) identify a limited amount
(A) first appeared (D) identifying a limited
(B) first to appear number

(C) is first appearing 9. Before the Statue of Liberty arrived

in the United States, newspapers invited
(D) appearing the public to help determine where
placed after its arrival.
5. The hard palate forms a partition
and nasal passages. (A) should the statue be

(A) the mouth (B) the statue being

(B) between the mouth (C) it should be the statue

(C) is between the mouth (D) the statue should be

(D) it is between the mouth 10. Hydroelectric power can be

produced by and using tidal flow to
run turbines.
 (A) water basins are dammed (A) whose cocoons
(B) damming water basins (B) from cocoons
(C) to dam water basins (C) whose cocoons are from
(D) dams in water basins (D) from whose cocoons
11. Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson 14. Not only generate energy,
Davis, of the Union and the but it also produces fuel for other fission
Confederacy during the Civil War, were reactors.
both born in Kentucky.
(A) a nuclear breeder reactor
(A) they were opposing
presidents (B) it is a nuclear breeder
reactor
(B) were opposing presidents
(C) does a nuclear breeder
(C) opposing presidents reactor
(D) presidents opposed (D) is a nuclear breeder reactor
12. A stock at an inflated price 15. D.w. Griffith pioneered many of
is called a watered stock. the stylistic features and filmmaking
techniques as the Hollywood
(A) issued standard.
(B) is issued (A) that established
(C) it is issued (B) that became established
(D) which issued (C) what established
13. The leaves of the white mulberry (D) what became established
provide food for silkworms, silk
fabrics are woven.

WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined
word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples.

Example I Sample Answer

The four string on a violin are tuned
A B C D

in fifths.
The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths.” Therefore, you
should choose (B).

Example II Sample Answer

The research for the book Roots taking
A B C

Alex Haley twelve years.

D

The sentence should read, “The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years.”
Therefore, you should choose (C).
Now begin work on the questions.

16. Mosquitoes will accepts the malaria parasite at only one stage of the parasite’s
A B C
complex life cycle.
D
17. The counterpart of a negative electrons is the positive proton.
A B C D
18. The ankle joint occur where the lower ends of the tibia and fibula slot neatly around
A B C D
the talus.
19. In the United States and Canada, motor vehicle laws affect the operate of
A B C
motorcycles as well as automobiles.
D

20. The neocortex is, in evolutionary terms, most recent layer of the brain.
A B C D

21. There are more than eighty-four million specimens in the National Museum of
A B
Natural History’s collection of biological, geological, archeological, and
C
anthropology treasures.
D

22. After George Washington married widow Martha Custis, the couple came to resides
A B C D
at Mount Vernon.
23. At this stage in their development, rubberized asphalt can hardly be classified as
A B C D
 cutting edge.
24. Rhesus monkeys exhibit patterns of shy similar to those in humans.
A B C D

25. In space, with no gravity for muscles to work against, the body becomes weakly.
A B C D
26. Fort Jefferson, in the Dry Tortugas off the southern tip of Florida, can be reach
A B C

only by boat or plane.

D
27. A zoom lens produces an inverted real image, either on the film in a camera and on
A B C D
the light-sensitive tube of a television camera.

28. Supersonic flight is flight that is faster the speed of sound.

A B C D

29. The Betataken House Ruins at Navajo National Monument is among the largest and
A B
most elaborate cliff dwellings in the country.
C D
30. It is a common observation that liquids will soak through some materials but not
A B C
through other.
D
31. The number of wild horses on Assateague are increasing lately, resulting in
A B C
overgrazed marsh and dune grasses.
D

32. The newsreels of Hearst Metronome News, which formed part of every moviegoers
A
experience in the era before television, offer an unique record of the events of the
B C D
1930s.
33. Unlikely gas sport balloons, hot air balloons do not have nets.
A B C D
34. Born in Massachusetts in 1852, Albert Farbanks has begun making banjos in Boston
A B C
in the late 1870s.
D
35. Dwight David Eisenhower, military officer and thirty-fourth president of the United
A
 States, lived in the White House and of least thirty-seven other residences.
B C D
36. Methane in wetlands comes from soil bacteria that consumes organic plant matter.
A B C D
37. Alois Alzheimer made the first observers of the telltale signs of the disease that today
A B
bears his name.
C D
38. Edward MacDowell remembers as the composer of such perennial favorites as “To a
 B C D
Wild Rose" and “To a Water Lily."
39. Animism is the belief that objects and natural phenomena such as rivers, rocks, and
A B
wind are live and have feelings.
C D
40. Newtonian physics accounts for the observing orbits of the planets and the moons.
A B C D
 SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENSION

Time—55 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)

Now set your clock for 55 minutes.

This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passages similar
in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities
and colleges.
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number
of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each
question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space
that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or
implied in that passage.
Read the following passage:
John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to
1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his
life to public service, both in the presidency and in the various other political offices that he
Line held. Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of
(5) speech, the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian
domination.

Example I
To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life? Sample answer
(A) Improving his personal life

(B) Serving the public

(C) Increasing his fortune

(D) Working on his private business

According to the passage, John Quincy Adams "dedicated his life to public service.”
Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II Sample answer

In line 4, the word "unswerving" is closest in meaning to
(A) moveable
(B) insignificant
(C) unchanging
(D) diplomatic
The passage states that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief "throughout
his career." This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose (C).
Now begin work on the questions.

Questions 1-10
The hippopotamus is the third largest land animal, smaller only than the elephant and
the rhinoceros. Its name comes from two Greek words which mean "river horse." The long
name of this animal is often shortened to the easier to handle term "hippo."
The hippo has a natural affinity for the water. It does not float on top of the water;
instead, it can easily walk along the bottom of a body of water. The hippo commonly remains
underwater for three to five minutes and has been known to stay under for up to half an hour
before coming up for air.
In spite of its name, the hippo has relatively little in common with the horse and
instead has a number of interesting similarities in common with the whale. When a hippo
comes up after a stay at the bottom of a lake or river, it releases air through a blowhole, just
like a whale. In addition, the hippo resembles the whale in that they both have thick layers of
blubber for protection and they are almost completely hairless.
1. The topic of this passage is 4. It can be inferred from the passage
that the hippopotamus is commonly called
(A) the largest land animals a hippo because the word “hippo” is
(B) the derivations of animal names (A) simpler to pronounce
(C) the characteristics of the hippo (B) scientifically more accurate
(D) the relation between the hippo and (C) the original name
the whale (D) easier for the animal to recognize
2. It can be inferred from the passage 5. The word "float” in line 4 is closest
that the rhinoceros is in meaning to
(A) smaller than the hippo (A) sink
(B) equal in size to the elephant (B) drift
(C) a hybrid of the hippo and the (C) eat
elephant (D) flap
(D) one of the two largest types of land 6. According to the passage, what is
the maximum time that hippos have been
animals
known to stay underwater?
3. The possessive “Its” in line 2 refers
(A) Three minutes
to
(B) Five minutes
(A) hippopotamus
(C) Thirty minutes
(B) elephant
(D) Ninety minutes
(C) rhinoceros
(D) horse
7. The expression “has relatively little (D) they both breathe underwater
in common” in line 7 could best be
replaced by 9. The word “blubber” in line 10 is
closest in meaning to
(A) has few interactions
(A) fat
(B) is not normally found
(B) metal
(C) has minimal experience
(C) water
(D) shares few similarities
(D) skin
8. The passage states that one way in
which a hippo is similar to a whale is that 10. The passage states that the hippo
does not
(A) they both live on the bottoms of
rivers (A) like water

(B) they both have blowholes (B) resemble the whale

(C) they are both named after horses (C) have a protective coating
(D) have much hair

Questions 11-19
John Janies Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the
foremost authorities on North American birds. Bom in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon
was raised in France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling
on his father’s Line Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and
paint birds.
In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a
mercantile business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general
mode of operating a business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and
take off on excursions through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business
career came to end in 1819 when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began seriously to pursue the dream of publishing a
collection of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural
habitats while his wife worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America,
which included engravings of 435 of his colorful and lifelike water colors, was published in
parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in England. After the success of the English
editions, American editions of his work were published in 1839, and his fame and fortune
were ensured.
11. This passage is mainly about (D) Audubon's preference for travel in

(A) North American birds natural habitats

(B) Audubon's route to success as a 12. The word “foremost” in line 1 is

closest in meaning to
painter of birds
(A) prior
(C) the works that Audubon published
(B) leading
(C) first paintings
(D) largest 16. The word “pursue” in line 11 is
closest in meaning to
13. In the second paragraph, the author
mainly discusses (A) imagine
(A) how Audubon developed his (B) share
painting
(C) follow
style
(D) deny
(B) Audubon’s involvement in a
17. According to the passage,
mercantile business Audubon’s paintings

(C) where Audubon went on his (A) were realistic portrayals

excursions (B) used only black, white, and gray

(D) Audubon’s unsuccessful business (C) were done in oils

practices (D) depicted birds in cages

14. The word “mode” in line 7 could 18. The word "support" in line 13
best be replaced by could best be replaced by

(A) method (A) tolerate

(B) vogue (B) provide for

(C) average (C) side with

(D) trend (D) fight for

15. Audubon decided not to continue to 19. It can be inferred from the passage
pursue business when that after 1839 Audubon

(A) he was injured in an accident at a (A) unsuccessfully tried to develop new

grist mill businesses

(B) he decided to study art in France (B) continued to be supported by his

wife
(C) he was put in prison because he
owed (C) traveled to Europe

money (D) became wealthy

(D) he made enough money from his

Questions 20-29
Schizophrenia is often confused with multiple personality disorder yet is quite distinct
from it. Schizophrenia is one of the more common mental disorders, considerably more
common than multiple personality disorder. The term “schizophrenia” is composed of roots
which mean “a splitting of the mind," but it does not refer to a division into separate and
distinct personalities, as occurs in multiple personality disorder. Instead, schizophrenic
behavior is generally characterized by illogical thought patterns and withdrawal from reality.
Schizophrenics often live in a fantasy world where they hear voices that others cannot hear,
often voices of famous people. Schizophrenics tend to withdraw from families and friends and
communicate mainly with the “voices” that they hear in their minds.
It is common for the symptoms of schizophrenia to develop during the late teen years
or early twenties, but the causes of schizophrenia are not well understood. It is believed that
heredity may play a part in the onset of schizophrenia. In addition, abnormal brain chemistry
also seems to have a role; certain brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, have been found
to be at abnormal levels in some schizophrenics.
20. The paragraph preceding the (B) a mental disease
passage most probably discusses
(C) a personality trait
(A) the causes of schizophrenia
(D) a part of the brain
(B) multiple personality disorder
24. What is NOT true about
(C) the most common mental disorder schizophrenia, according to the passage?
(D) possible cures for schizophrenia (A) It is characterized by separate and
21. Which of the following is true distinct personalities.
about schizophrenia and multiple
personality disorder? (B) It often causes withdrawal from

(A) They are relatively similar. reality.

(B) One is a psychological disorder, (C) Its symptoms include illogical

while
thought patterns.
the other is not.
(D) Its victims tend to hear voices in
(C) Many people mistake one for the their

other. minds.

(D) Multiple personality disorder 25. According to the passage, how do

occurs schizophrenics generally relate to their
families?
more often than schizophrenia.
(A) They are quite friendly with their
22. “Disorder” in line 3 is closest in
meaning to which of the following? families.

(A) Disruption (B) They become remote from their

(B) Untidiness families.

(C) Misalignment (C) They have an enhanced ability to

(D) Disease understand their families.

23. It can be inferred from the passage (D) They communicate openly with
that a. “schism" is their

(A) a division into factions families.

26. It can be inferred from the passage (B) medication
that it would be least common for
schizophrenia to develop at the age of (C) effect

(A) fifteen (D) age

(B) twenty 28. The word "abnormal” in line 11 is

closest in meaning to
(C) twenty-five
(A) unstable
(D) thirty
(B) unregulated
27. The word "onset” in line 11 is
closest in meaning to (C) uncharted

(A) start (D) unusual

Questions 30-39
People are often surprised to learn just how long some varieties of trees can live. If
asked to estimate the age of the oldest living trees on Earth, they often come up with guesses
in the neighborhood of two or perhaps three hundred years. The real answer is considerably
larger than that, more than five thousand years.
The tree that wins the prize for its considerable maturity is the bristlecone pine of
California. This venerable pine predates wonders of the ancient world such as the pyramids of
Egypt, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the Colossus of Rhodes. It is not nearly as tall as
the giant redwood that is also found in California, and, in fact, it is actually not very tall
compared with many other trees, often little more than five meters in height. This relatively
short height may be one of the factors that aid the bristlecone pine in living to a ripe old age—
high winds and inclement weather cannot easily reach the shorter trees and cause damage. An
additional factor that contributes to the long life of the bristlecone pine is that this type of tree
has a high percentage of resin, which prevents rot from developing in the tree trunk and
branches.
30. The best title for this passage 32. The expression “in the
would be neighborhood of' in lines 2- 3 could best be
replaced by
(A) The Size of the Bristlecone Pine
(A) of approximately
(B) Three-Hundred-Year-Old Forests
(B) on the same block as
(C) The Wonders of the Ancient World
(C) with the friendliness of
(D) An Amazingly Enduring Tree
(D) located close to
31. The word "estimate" in line 2 is
closest in meaning to 33. It can be inferred from the passage
that most people
(A) measure
(A) are quite accurate in their estimates
(B) approximate
of the ages of trees
(C) evaluate
(B) have two to three hundred trees in
(D) view
their neighborhoods (C) extremely tall
(C) do not really have any idea how old (D) known to be old
the oldest trees on Earth are 37. Which of the following is true
about the bristlecone pine?
(D) can name some three-hundred-
year- (A) It is as tall as the great pyramids

old trees (B) It is never more than five meters in

height.
34. According to the passage,
approximately how old are the oldest trees (C) It is short in comparison to many
on Earth? other trees.

(A) Two hundred years old (D) It can be two or three hundred feet
tall.
(B) Three hundred years old
38. The word “inclement" in line 10
(C) Five hundred years old could best be replaced by
(D) Five thousand years old (A) sunny
35. The word “venerable" in line 6 is (B) bad
closest in meaning to which of the
following? (C) unusual

(A) Ancient (D) strong

(B) Incredible 39. The passage states that resin

(C) Towering (A) assists the tree trunks to develop

(D) Unrecognizable (B) is found only in the bristlecone pine

36. The author mentions the Egyptian (C) flows from the branches to the tree
pyramids as an example of something that
is trunk

(A) far away (D) helps stop rot from starting

(B) believed to be strong

Questions 40-50
The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America,
but under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on
October 17, 1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach
under the name Line Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising
the majority of his first customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major
crises in the form of a natural disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks
were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April 18, 1906, when a massive
earthquake struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city.
Giannini obtained two wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's
reserves, mostly in the form of gold, covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped
from the chaos of the city with his clients’ funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster,
Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations. Unable to install the bank in a proper
office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington Street Wharf on a makeshift desk
created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and
expand. By 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini
had acquired numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City.
In 1930 he consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New
York City, and another Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of
America National Trust and Savings Association.
A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Although Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became
incensed when his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini
resumed leadership of the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank
weathered the storm of the Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas
development.
40. According to the passage, Giannini (C) On Washington Street Wharf

(A) opened the Bank of America in (D) On a makeshift desk

1904
42. According to the passage, which of
(B) worked in a bank in Italy the following is NOT true about the San
Francisco earthquake?
(C) set up the Bank of America prior to
(A) It happened in 1906.
setting up the Bank of Italy
(B) It occurred in the aftermath of a
(D) later changed the name of the Bank fire.
of
(C) It caused problems for Giannini's
Italy
bank.
41. Where did Giannini open his first
bank? (D) It was a tremendous earthquake.
(A) In New York City 43. The word “raging" in line 8 could
best be replaced by
(B) In what used to be a bar
(A) angered
(B) localized 48. The expression “weathered the
storm of" in line 23 could best be replaced
(C) intense by
(D) feeble (A) found a cure for
44. It can be inferred from the passage (B) rained on the parade of
that Giannini used crates of oranges after
the earthquake (C) survived the ordeal of
(A) to hide the gold (D) blew its stack at
(B) to fill up the wagons 49. Where in the passage does the
author describe Giannini s first banking
(C) to provide nourishment for his clients?
customers (A) Lines 2-5
(D) to protect the gold from the fire (B) Lines 7-8
45. The word “chaos" in line 10 is (C) Lines 12-13
closest in meaning to
(D) Lines 14-16
(A) legal system
50. The paragraph following the
(B) extreme heat passage most likely discusses
(C) overdevelopment (A) bank failures during the Great
(D) total confusion Depression
46. The word "consolidated" in line 17 (B) a third major crisis of the Bank of
is closest in meaning to
America
(A) hardened
(C) the international development of
(B) merged the
(C) moved Bank of America
(D) sold (D) how Giannini spent his retirement
47. The passage states that after his
retirement, Giannini
(A) began selling off banks

(B) caused economic misfortune to

occur

(C) supported the banks new

management

(D) returned to work

This is the end of Section 3.

 SECTION 4
WRITING

Time - approximately 60 minutes

(including the reading of the directions for each part)
Part 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this part

You have recently moved to a different house.

Write a letter to an English-speaking friend. In your letter
 Explain why you have moved
 Describe the new house
 Invite your friend to come and visit

Write at least 150 words.

You do NOT need to write any addresses.

Dear…………..,

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Part 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this part.
Write about the following topic:

Today more people are travelling than ever before.

Why is this the case?
What are the benefits of travelling for the traveller?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge
or experience. Write at least 250 words.
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 SECTION 5
SPEAKING

Instructions:

Part 1: The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies or
other familiar topics.

Part 2: The examiner asks the candidate to talk about one topic for three or four minutes. The
candidate has one minute to think about what to say and makes some notes if necessary.

Part 3: The examiner and the candidate discuss a few more questions related to the topic in
Part 2.

PART I: INTERVIEW (2-3 minutes)

 May I have your full name, please?

 Where were you born?
 Where do you live? Do you live in a house or an apartment?
 How long have you lived there?

PART 2: LONG TURN (4-5 minutes)

Ask the candidate to talk about the topic he/she has chosen.

Describe a place which you think is beautiful.

You should say:

 What that place is like

 How you can get there from here

 What kind of people usually go there

And say why you think it is beautiful.

PART 3: TWO-WAY DISCUSSION (3-4 minutes)

 Is your country the best place for you to live?
 Would you like to live where there is desert and hot weather?
 Would you like to live where there is always snow?
 Where would you like to go for your next holiday?