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    Chemistry Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh
    This document provides instructions for preparing a smoke bomb. It begins with an aim to prepare a smoke bomb and provides background theory on the history and chemical composition of smoke bombs. It then lists the required materials, which include sugar, potassium nitrate, a skillet or pan, aluminum foil or cardboard roll, and a fuse. The multi-step procedure explains how to combine the sugar and potassium nitrate at a 5:3 ratio, heat and stir the mixture until caramelized, pour the liquid into a mold, insert a fuse, and allow it to cool. Uses of smoke bombs include military applications as smoke screens to conceal movement and as signaling devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemistry Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh
    52 views9 pages
    This document provides instructions for preparing a smoke bomb. It begins with an aim to prepare a smoke bomb and provides background theory on the history and chemical composition of smoke bombs. It then lists the required materials, which include sugar, potassium nitrate, a skillet or pan, aluminum foil or cardboard roll, and a fuse. The multi-step procedure explains how to combine the sugar and potassium nitrate at a 5:3 ratio, heat and stir the mixture until caramelized, pour the liquid into a mold, insert a fuse, and allow it to cool. Uses of smoke bombs include military applications as smoke screens to conceal movement and as signaling devices.

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    smoke boom

    Original Title

    smoke boom

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    This document provides instructions for preparing a smoke bomb. It begins with an aim to prepare a smoke bomb and provides background theory on the history and chemical composition of smoke bombs. It then lists the required materials, which include sugar, potassium nitrate, a skillet or pan, aluminum foil or cardboard roll, and a fuse. The multi-step procedure explains how to combine the sugar and potassium nitrate at a 5:3 ratio, heat and stir the mixture until caramelized, pour the liquid into a mold, insert a fuse, and allow it to cool. Uses of smoke bombs include military applications as smoke screens to conceal movement and as signaling devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views9 pages

    Chemistry Investigatory Project

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh
    This document provides instructions for preparing a smoke bomb. It begins with an aim to prepare a smoke bomb and provides background theory on the history and chemical composition of smoke bombs. It then lists the required materials, which include sugar, potassium nitrate, a skillet or pan, aluminum foil or cardboard roll, and a fuse. The multi-step procedure explains how to combine the sugar and potassium nitrate at a 5:3 ratio, heat and stir the mixture until caramelized, pour the liquid into a mold, insert a fuse, and allow it to cool. Uses of smoke bombs include military applications as smoke screens to conceal movement and as signaling devices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Chemistry

    Investigatory Project

    2015-16

    BY;
    Akash Semil,
    St. Paul’s School,
    Gwalior
    Acknowledgement
    I place my sincere thanks to my chemistry teacher MR.
    MANOJ CHOPRA for her guidance and advices to
    complete my work successfully. I also thank our
    principal MR.ALOUIS DUNGDUNG for providing me all
    the facilities to finish the project on time. I also take
    this opportunity to place on record my deep gratitude
    to god for the countless blessings showered on me
    while doing the work and to complete it. Last but not
    least I thank my parents for their encouragement and
    support in my humble venture.
    Contents

     Aim
     Theory
     Material Requirement
     Procedure
     Equation & Uses
     Bibliography
    Aim
    To Prepare a Smoke Bomb.

    Theory
    A smoke bomb is a firework designed to produce smoke upon
    ignition. Smoke bombs are useful to military units, self-defense
    and pranks. The smoke bomb was first created in 1848, by the
    inventor Robert Yale. He developed 17th century Chinese-style
    fireworks and later modified the formula to produce more
    smoke for a longer period of time.
    Colored smoke devices use a formula that consists of an
    oxidizer (typically potassium chlorate, KClO3), a fuel (generally
    sugar), a moderate (such as sodium bicarbonate) to keep the
    reaction from getting too hot, and a powdered organic dye for
    color. The burning of this mixture evaporates the dye and
    forces it out of the device, where it condenses in the
    atmosphere to form a "smoke" of finely dispersed particles.
    Material Requirement

    • Sugar
    • Potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter
    • Skillet or pan
    • Aluminum foil or a used tissue paper roll
    • Fuse for easy ignition (from fireworks)
    • Cotton and tape
    • Burner
    Procedure
    1. Pour about 3 parts potassium nitrate to 2 parts sugar
    into the skillet (5:3 ratio is also good). Measurements
    don't need to be exact, but you want more KNO3 than
    sugar. For example, you can use 1-1/2 cups KNO3 and 1
    cup sugar. If you use equal amounts of KNO3 and sugar,
    your smoke bomb will be harder to light and will burn
    more slowly. As you approach the 5:3 KNO3: sugar ratio,
    you get a smoke bomb that burns more quickly.
    2. Apply low heat to the pan. Stir the mixture with a
    spoon using long strokes. If you see the grains of sugar
    starting to melt along the edges where you are
    stirring, remove the pan from the heat and reduce the
    temperature before continuing.
    3. Basically you are caramelizing sugar. The mixture
    will melt and become a caramel or chocolate color.
    Continue heating/stirring until the ingredients are
    liquefied. Remove from heat.

    4. Pour the liquid onto a piece of foil or into the


    cardboard roll. You can pour a smaller amount onto a
    separate piece, to test the batch. You can pour the
    smoke bomb into any shape, onto an object, or into a
    mold. The shape and size will affect the burning
    pattern.

    5. If you aren't going to clean your skillet immediately,


    pour hot water into the pan to dissolve the sugar (or
    else it will be harder to clean). Clean up any residue
    you may have spilled out of the pan, unless you want
    mini-smoke bombs on your stovetop.
    6. While the mix is still hot, push a pen lightly down
    the mold and don’t remove it. Allow the smoke bomb
    to cool. (About an hour) Now, remove the pen and
    insert the fuse.
    7. Secure the fuse with cotton.

    Equation
    48KNO3 + 5C12H22O11  24K2CO3 + 24N2 + 36CO2
    + 55H2O

    Uses
    Smoke bombs are primarily used in military warfare as
    smoke screens. Smoke screens are usually used by infantry
    to conceal their movement in areas of exposure to enemy
    fire and to conceal a withdrawal.
    The use of smoke screens was common in the naval battles
    of World War I & II. Another application is in smoke
    grenades: Smoke grenades are canister-type grenades used
    as ground-to-ground or ground-to-air signaling devices,
    target or landing zone marking devices, or as screening
    devices for unit movements. Smoke grenades are normally
    considered non-lethal, although incorrect use may cause
    death.

    Bibliography
    http://wiki.answers.com
    http://wikipedia.com
    http://chemistry.about.com
    http://wikihow.com

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