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    Chemistry Project

    Uploaded by

    bhagyashah500
    The document provides instructions for making a smoke bomb by mixing potassium nitrate, sugar, and other additives like baking soda. It explains that heating the mixture caramelizes the sugar and causes an exothermic reaction when ignited that produces colored smoke. Guidelines are given for safe procedures and ratios of chemicals to use to create smoke bombs that burn quickly and efficiently produce thick clouds of colored smoke.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chemistry Project

    Uploaded by

    bhagyashah500
    48 views11 pages
    The document provides instructions for making a smoke bomb by mixing potassium nitrate, sugar, and other additives like baking soda. It explains that heating the mixture caramelizes the sugar and causes an exothermic reaction when ignited that produces colored smoke. Guidelines are given for safe procedures and ratios of chemicals to use to create smoke bombs that burn quickly and efficiently produce thick clouds of colored smoke.

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    The document provides instructions for making a smoke bomb by mixing potassium nitrate, sugar, and other additives like baking soda. It explains that heating the mixture caramelizes the sugar and causes an exothermic reaction when ignited that produces colored smoke. Guidelines are given for safe procedures and ratios of chemicals to use to create smoke bombs that burn quickly and efficiently produce thick clouds of colored smoke.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views11 pages

    Chemistry Project

    Uploaded by

    bhagyashah500
    The document provides instructions for making a smoke bomb by mixing potassium nitrate, sugar, and other additives like baking soda. It explains that heating the mixture caramelizes the sugar and causes an exothermic reaction when ignited that produces colored smoke. Guidelines are given for safe procedures and ratios of chemicals to use to create smoke bombs that burn quickly and efficiently produce thick clouds of colored smoke.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Index

    Aim of the project


    Introduction
    Theory
    Material Required
    Procedure
    Working
    Coloured Smoke
    Chemical Equations
    Conclusion
    Bibliography
    AIM
    To Prepare a Smoke Bomb.
    ntroducbion
    Asmoke bomb is a special kind of a
    firework that produces ajet of smoke
    on being ignited. Made using
    potassium chlorate and sodium
    bicarbonate, the smoke bombs have
    small holes through which the smoke
    and heat comes out for 10-15 minutes
    at a stretch. Baking soda and sugar are
    also added to moderate the reaction.
    And, organic colorants in white, red,
    pink, blue, and other colors are added
    to make the smoke bomb colorful.
    Smoke candle, smoke canister, and
    smoke balls are some of the variants of
    smoke bombs.
    Theory
    A smoke bomb is a firework designed
    to produce smoke upon ignition.
    Smoke bombs are useful to military
    units, self-defense and pranks. The
    smoke bomb was first ereated in 1848,
    by the inventor Robert Yale. Colored
    smoke devices use a formula that
    consists of an oxidizer (typically
    potassium chlorate, KClO3), a fuel
    (generally sugar), a moderate (such as
    sodium bicarbonate) to keep the
    reaction from getting too hot, and a
    powdered organic dye for color. The
    burning of this mixture evaporates the
    dye and forces it out of the device,
    where it condenses in the atmosphere
    to form a "smoke" of finely dispersed
    particles.

    Home-made smoke bombs are usually


    created in two ways:

    1 The first way involves cutting up


    celluloid material (ping pong balls)
    placing the small pieces inside an
    aluminium wrapping and igniting
    them. This practice is widely
    recognised to be a health hazard.

    2. Mixing the chemicals potassium


    nitrate and sugar while lightly
    heating the mixture until it comes
    to a peanut butter-like consistency
    can also provide fuel for smoke
    bombs

    Sugar
    Material Required
    Sugar

    Potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known


    as saltpeter

    Skillet or pan

    aluminum foil

    Fuse for easy ignition (from fireworks)

    Cotton and tape

    Burner
    PROCEIDURE
    l. Pour about 3 parts potassium nitrate to 2 parts sugar into the
    skillet (5:3 ratio is also good). Measurements need not be exact,
    but you want more KNO3 than sugar. For example, you can use 1
    1/2 cups KNO3 and 1 cup sugar. If you use equal amounts of
    KNO3 and sugar, your smoke bomb will be harder to light and will
    burn more slowly. As you approach the 5:3 KNO3: sugar ratio,
    you get a smoke bomb that burns more quickly.
    2. Apply low heat to the pan. Stir the mixture with a spoon using
    long strokes. If you see the grains of sugar starting to melt along
    the edges where you are stirring, remove the pan from the heat
    and reduce the temperature before continuing.
    3. Basically you are caramellzing sugar. The mixture will melt and
    become a caramel or chocolate color. Continue heating/stirring
    until the ingredients are liquefied. Remove from heat.
    4. Pour the liquid onto a piece of fol or into the cardboard roll. You
    can pour a smaller amount onto a separate piece, to test the
    batch. You can pour the smoke bomb Into any shape, onto an
    object, or into a mold. The shape and size will affect the burning
    pattern.

    5. If you aren't going to clean your skillet immediately, pour hot


    water into the pan to dissolve the sugar (or else it will be harder
    to clean). Clean up any residue you may have spilled out of the
    pan, unless you want mini-smoke bombs on your stovetop.

    6. While the mix is still hot, push a pen lightly down the mold and
    don't remove it. Alow the smoke bomb to cool. (about an hour)
    Now, remove the pen and insert the fuse.

    7. Secure the fuse with cotton.


    WORKING
    Colored smoke bombs use a mixture of an oxidizer, a
    fuel, a moderant to keep the reaction from getting too hot,
    and a powdered organic dye. When the mixture is burned,
    the dye evaporates and is forced out of the device, where
    it condenses in the atmosphere to form a cloud of fine
    particles, the smoke.

    The sugar will be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.


    The nitrogen in the potassium nitrate will be reduced to
    nitrogen gas. The potassium will end up as potassium
    carbonate (the carbon coming from the CO2 from the
    sugar). Small amounts of other products will be formed,
    of course, but these are the only important ones.
    Coloured Smoke
    The classic smoke bomb is a great project
    for the home or lab, producing lots of safe
    smoke, with purple flames. If you get dye
    and consider the shape of your creation,
    you can make a smoke bomb that billows
    clouds of brightly colored smoke. Adult
    supervision is required.

    Colored Smoke Bomb Materials

    " 60 g (3tablespoons) potassium nitrate


    (sold as saltpeter in garden supply
    shops)
    " 40 g (2 tablespoons) sugar

    "1 teaspoon baking soda


    " 60 g (3 tablespoons) powdered organic
    dye (such as syntheticindigo or an
    aniline-based dye, found in some craft
    &hobby shops; not common water
    based dye)
    " Cardboard tube
    " Duct tape
    "Pen or pencil
    " Firework fuse (hardware, rocketry,
    construction,or hobby shops, or
    Scavenge it from a firework)
    " Cotton balls
    " Saucepan

    1TA
    Chemieal Equations
    48 KNO3 + 5 CizHa2O11 ’ 24KaCO; +
    24Na + 36CO, + 55H,0

    299999

    TUTUTUUT
    Conchion
    With the failure of the bomb, doesn't
    mean it is a failure of the entire
    experiment or study. The hypothesis that
    the bomb will not work, is not supported
    by the data. With the analysis as well, the
    amount in each bomb may have been to
    much for the snappers to make a
    successful explosion.
    This brings up many new designs and
    material measurements that can bring this
    bomb toa success. Not working for this
    one experiment is not a road block, but if
    anything is a stepping stone to a newer
    better design for the smoke bomb. There
    is never real failure in science, just a
    round about back to the drawing board.
    Bblography
    https://issuu.com/
    https://thechemistryguru.com/
    https://www.slideshare.net/
    https://www.wikihow.com/
    Wikipedia
    Chemistry practical file

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