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    Conclusion, Recommendatio and Apendix

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    Syahmi Akmal
    This experiment aimed to determine the surface profile of a forced vortex and investigate phenomena associated with a free vortex. It found that smaller pilot tube diameters created smaller vortices, while larger diameters created larger ones. Vortex circulation speed depended on the pilot tube size. The forced vortex test obtained the average velocity head for a complete revolution. A hydraulic bench and free vortex apparatus were used to achieve the objectives. The conclusion was that vortex formation depended on the orifice size, and an orifice could be destroyed if blocked.

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    Conclusion, Recommendatio and Apendix

    Uploaded by

    Syahmi Akmal
    20 views1 page
    This experiment aimed to determine the surface profile of a forced vortex and investigate phenomena associated with a free vortex. It found that smaller pilot tube diameters created smaller vortices, while larger diameters created larger ones. Vortex circulation speed depended on the pilot tube size. The forced vortex test obtained the average velocity head for a complete revolution. A hydraulic bench and free vortex apparatus were used to achieve the objectives. The conclusion was that vortex formation depended on the orifice size, and an orifice could be destroyed if blocked.

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    This experiment aimed to determine the surface profile of a forced vortex and investigate phenomena associated with a free vortex. It found that smaller pilot tube diameters created smaller vortices, while larger diameters created larger ones. Vortex circulation speed depended on the pilot tube size. The forced vortex test obtained the average velocity head for a complete revolution. A hydraulic bench and free vortex apparatus were used to achieve the objectives. The conclusion was that vortex formation depended on the orifice size, and an orifice could be destroyed if blocked.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views1 page

    Conclusion, Recommendatio and Apendix

    Uploaded by

    Syahmi Akmal
    This experiment aimed to determine the surface profile of a forced vortex and investigate phenomena associated with a free vortex. It found that smaller pilot tube diameters created smaller vortices, while larger diameters created larger ones. Vortex circulation speed depended on the pilot tube size. The forced vortex test obtained the average velocity head for a complete revolution. A hydraulic bench and free vortex apparatus were used to achieve the objectives. The conclusion was that vortex formation depended on the orifice size, and an orifice could be destroyed if blocked.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Conclusion

    These experiments were carried out to determine a forced vortex's surface profile and to
    investigate the physical phenomena associated with free vortex. A vortex observation that formed and
    found that small pilot tube diameter created small vortex while large orifice diameter created larger
    vortex. The speed of vortex circulation depends on the size of the pilot tube, respectively, slow,
    moderate and fast. The result was obtained as the average velocity head, hc for the complete
    revolution in the forced vortex test.
    In this experiment, Hydraulic Bench Service Module and Free Force Vortex Apparatus was
    used in order to achieve the objectives of this experiment. All the requirements associated with both
    forced and free vortices have been identified. From the result of this experiment, the conclusion that
    can be drawn here is that the vortex formation depends on the size of the orifice used. The orifice may
    be destroyed if some core object blocks water flow through the orifice.
    The results of this experiment may deviate from the information found from the theory. The
    results of this experiment may be unreliable due to certain factors such as human errors, equipment
    performance and other factors.
    In conclusion, the objective is achieved. As the rotation increase, the radius of a vortex
    surface at the axis also will increase. From the results, graph for the three different speed, the
    theoretical value for depth at different vortex radius is slightly lower than the actual value. Overall, it
    can be seen that the depth of the vortex surface, Z is inversely proportional to the radius of vortex, r.

    Recommendations
    Repeat the experiment at least twice to get more accurate result, the more data we can make
    comparison to determine the best result that can be pointed out. Next, error might while taking the
    time for the number of revolutions since the paddle that created the forced to the vortex is rotated at
    fast rate and this is difficult for us to get the accurate time. It is best to get the time average.
    Furthermore, the velocity of water needs to be constant to get the best result so the water flow needs
    to be adjusted and be watched for the whole experiment. Next, we must make sure that the needles
    touch the water surface accurately to get precise data to be used in the further calculations. It is
    important to make sure that the apparatus is in the good condition. It will affect the result if the
    apparatus not in good condition. Lastly, when we measure the length of the needles, use appropriate
    ruler such as long ruler and try to get the average reading which is more accurate.

    References
    1) Cengel, Y.A. & Cimbala J.M (2006). Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications.
    Flows in pipes. New York: McGraw Hill, (324).
    2) Lab Manual CHE 486 Kejuruteraan Kimia Universiti Teknologi Mara
    3) Forced Vortex. (n.d.). Retrieved from
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/forced-vortex.
    4) Forced Vortex. (n.d.). Retrieved from
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/forced-vortex.

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