LAB MANUAL

Computer Fundamentals
CS-101

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 Experiment No.1

Student Name: Roll num:

Objective:
Introduction to different features of MS Word 2007
Formatting text(text font, test decoration, change text case, text alignment, indent paragraph,
create bullets, set line spacing, boarders and shades, set tabs, apply formatting )

Apparatus:
Computer system

Theory:
Microsoft Word is word processing software. It is developed by Microsoft and is part of
Microsoft Office Suite. It enables you to create, edit and save professional documents like letters
and reports.

Microsoft word was released in 1983 as Multi-Tool Word. Its first version was based on the
framework of Bravo which was world's first graphical writing program.

Microsoft renamed Multi Tool Word to Microsoft Word, and then in October 1983, Microsoft
released its first version for the IBM PC.

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File Tab
The File tab replaces the Office button from Word 2007. You can click it to check
the Backstage view. This is where you come when you need to open or save files, create new
documents, print a document, and do other file-related operations.
Quick Access Toolbar
This you will find just above the File tab. This is a convenient resting place for the
mostfrequently used commands in Word. You can customize this toolbar based on your
comfort.
Ribbon

Ribbon contains commands organized in three components −

 Tabs − These appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related
commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are examples of ribbon tabs.
 Groups − They organize related commands; each group name appears below the group
on the Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands
related to alignment, etc.
 Commands − Commands appear within each group as mentioned above.
Title bar
This lies in the middle and at the top of the window. Title bar shows the program and document
titles.
Rulers
Word has two rulers - a horizontal ruler and a vertical ruler. The horizontal ruler appears just
beneath the Ribbon and is used to set margins and tab stops. The vertical ruler appears on the
left edge of the Word window and is used to gauge the vertical position of elements on the page.
Help
The Help Icon can be used to get word related help anytime you like. This provides nice
tutorial on various subjects related to word.
Zoom Control
Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a
slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out; you can click the + buttons to increase or
decrease the zoom factor.

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View Buttons
The group of five buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen,
lets you switch through the Word's various document views.
 Print Layout view − This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed.
 Full Screen Reading view − This gives a full screen view of the document.
 Web Layout view − This shows how a document appears when viewed by a Web
browser, such as Internet Explorer.
 Outline view − This lets you work with outlines established using Word’s standard
heading styles.
 Draft view − This formats text as it appears on the printed page with a few exceptions.
For example, headers and footers aren't shown. Most people prefer this mode.
Document Area
This is the area where you type. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it
represents the location where text will appear when you type.
Status Bar
This displays the document information as well as the insertion point location. From left to
right, this bar contains the total number of pages and words in the document, language, etc.
You can configure the status bar by right-clicking anywhere on it and by selecting or
deselecting options from the provided list.

Backstage view:

The first column of the backstage view will have following options −

S.No Option & Description

Save
1 If an existing document is opened, it will be saved as is, otherwise it will display a dialogue box
asking for the document name.

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 Save As
2 A dialogue box will be displayed asking for document name and document type, by default it
will save in word 2010 format with extension .docx.

Open
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This option is used to open an existing word document.

Close
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This option is used to close an open document.

Info
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This option displays information about the opened document.

Recent
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This option lists down all the recently opened documents

New
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This option is used to open a new document.

Print
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This option is used to print an open document.

Save & Send

9 This option will save an open document and will display options to send the document using
email, etc.

Help
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This option is used to get the required help about Word 2010.

Options
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This option is used to set various option related to Word 2010.

Exit
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Use this option to close the document and exit.

Document Information
When you click the Info option available in the first column, it displays the following
information in the second column of the backstage view −
 Compatibility Mode − If the document is not a native Word 2007/2010 document,
a Convert button appears here, enabling you to easily update its format. Otherwise, this
category does not appear.

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  Permissions − You can use this option to protect your word document. You can set a
password so that nobody can open your document, or you can lock the document so that
nobody can edit your document.
 Prepare for Sharing − This section highlights important information you should know
about your document before you send it to others, such as a record of the edits you made
as you developed the document.
 Versions − If the document has been saved several times, you may be able to access the
previous versions of it from this section.
Document Properties
When you click the Info option available in the first column, it displays various properties in
the third column of the backstage view. These properties include the document size, the number
of pages in the document, the total number of words in the document, the name of the author
etc.
You can also edit various properties by clicking on the property value and if the property is
editable, then it will display a text box where you can add your text like title, tags, comments,
Author.
Exit Backstage View
It is simple to exit from the Backstage View. Either click on the File tab or press the Esc button
on the keyboard to go back to the working mode of Word.
Change the Font Type & Size
We will understand in brief the font buttons that we will further use in this tutorial. Following is
a screenshot to show you a few font related buttons.

Step 1 − Select the portion of text the font of which needs to be changed and click the Home
tab. Now click the Font Type button to list down all the fonts available as shown below.

Step 2 − Try to move the mouse pointer over the listed fonts. You will see that the text font
changes when you move the mouse pointer over different fonts. You can use the Font Scroll
Bar to display more fonts available. Finally select a desired font by clicking over the font name
in the list. We have selected MV Boli as the font for our sample text.

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Step 3 − Similar way, to change the font size, click over the Font Size button which will
display a font size list. You will use the same procedure to select a desired font size that you
have used while selecting a font type.

Use Shrink and Grow Buttons

You can use a quick way to reduce or enlarge the font size. As shown in the first screenshot,
the Shrink Font button can be used to reduce the font size whereas the Grow Font button can
be used to enlarge the font size.
Try to click either of these two buttons and you will see the effect. You can click a single button
multiple times to apply the effect. Each time you click either of the buttons, it will enlarge or
reduce the font size by 1 point.
Clear Formatting Options
All of the setting can be reset to plain text, or the default formatting. To reset text to default
settings −
Step 1 − Select the portion of text that you want to reset.
Step 2 − Click the Clear Formatting button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl +
SPACEBAR.
Left-Aligned Text
A paragraph's text is left aligned when it is aligned evenly along the left margin. Here is a
simple procedure to make a paragraph text left-aligned.

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Step 1 − Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click the Align Text
Left button available on the Home tab or simply press the Ctrl + L keys.

Center Aligned Text

A paragraph's text will be said center aligned if it is in the center of the left and right margins.
Here is a simple procedure to make a paragraph text center aligned.
Step 1 − Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click the Center button
available on the Home tab or simply press the Ctrl + E keys.

Right-Aligned Text
A paragraph's text is right-aligned when it is aligned evenly along the right margin. Here is a
simple procedure to make a paragraph text right-aligned.
Step 1 − Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click the Align Text
Right button available on the Home tab or simply press the Ctrl + R keys.

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Justified Text
A paragraph's text is justified when it is aligned evenly along both the left and the right margins.
Following is a simple procedure to make a paragraph text justified.
Step 1 − Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click the Justify button
available on the Home tab or simply press the Ctrl + J keys.

When you click the Justify button, it displays four options, justify, justify low, justify high and
justify medium. You need to select only the justify option. The difference between these options
is that low justify creates little space between two words, medium creates a more space than low
justify and high creates maximum space between two words to justify the text.
Left Indentation
Left indentation means to move the left edge of the paragraph inward towards the center of the
paragraph. Let us use the following steps to create left indentation.
Step 1 − Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to indent left and click the Increase
Indent button available on the Home tab or simply press the Ctrl + M keys. You can click
multiple times to create deeper indentation.

Step 2 − You can remove left indentation by clicking the Decrease Indent button available
on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + Shift+ M keys. You can click multiple times to remove
deeper indentation.
You can also use the Paragraph Dialog Box to set left and right indentations. We will see this
dialog box in the last section of this chapter.
Right Indentation
Right indentation means to move the right edge of the paragraph inward towards the center of
the paragraph. Let us use the following steps to create right indentation.
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Step 1 − Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to indent and then click on the Increase
Right Indent spinner available on the Page Layout tab. You can click on the spinner multiple
times to create deeper indentation. You can use the Left Indent spinners as well to set left
indentation from the same place.

Step 2 − You can remove right indentation by clicking the Decrease Right Indent spinner in
the opposite direction.
You can also use the Paragraph Dialog Box to set the left and the right indentations. We will
see this dialog box in the next section.
Create a List from Existing Text
This is very simple to convert a list of lines into a bulleted or numbered list. Following are the
simple steps to create either bulleted list or numbered list.
Step 1 − Select a list of text to which you want to assign bullets or numbers. You can use any of
the text selection method to select the portion of text.
Step 2 − Click the Bullet Button triangle to display a list of bullets you want to assign to the
list. You can select any of the bullet style available by simply clicking over it.
Step 3 − If you are willing to create a list with numbers, then click the Numbering
Button triangle instead of the bullet button to display a list of numbers you want to assign to the
list. You can select any of the numbering style available by simply clicking over it.

Create a List as You Type

You can create a bulleted list as you type. Word will automatically format it according to your
text. Following are the simple steps to create bulleted list as you type.

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Step 1 − Type *, and then either press the SPACEBAR or press the TAB key, and then type the
rest of what you want in the first item of the bulleted list.
Step 2 − When you are done with typing, press Enter to add the item in the list automatically
and go to add next item in the list.
Step 3 − Repeat Step 2 for each list item.

You can create a numbered list as you type. Word will automatically format it according to your
text. Following are the simple steps to create numbered list as you type.
Step 1 − Type 1, and then either press the SPACEBAR or press the TAB key, and then type the
rest of what you want in the first item of the numbered list.
Step 2 − When you are done with typing, press Enter to add the item in the list automatically
and go to add next item in the list.
Step 3 − Repeat Step 2 for each list item.

Spacing between Lines

Following are the simple steps to adjust spacing between two lines of the document.
Step 1 − Select the paragraph or paragraphs for which you want to define spacing. You can use
any of the text selection method to select the paragraph(s).
Step 2 − Click the Line and Paragraph Spacing Button triangle to display a list of options to
adjust space between the lines. You can select any of the option available by simply clicking
over it.

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Add Borders to Text
Step 1 − Select the portion of text or paragraph to which you want to add border. You
can use any of the text selection method to select the paragraph(s).
Step 2 − Click the Border Button to display a list of options to put a border around the
selected text or paragraph. You can select any of the option available by simply
clicking over it.
Step 3 − Try to add different borders like left, right top or bottom by selecting different
options from the border options.

Step 4 − To delete the existing border, simply select the No Border option from the
border options.

Task 1:
Write three paragraphs and perform these tasks:

 Change font size to 12

 Change font family to time new roman
 Bold first word of paragraph
 Highlight 3rd paragraph
 Change font color of 2nd paragraph
 Capitalize each word and then toggle case
 Change line spacing to 1.15
 Apply right indent on 2nd paragraph
 Apply outside boarder
Then save your file with your name and roll number.

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CONCLUSION:

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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 Experiment No.2

Student Name: Roll num:

Objective:
Formatting pages(Adjust page margin, Header footer, add page number, insert page break, insert
blank page, cover page, page orientation)

Apparatus:
Computer System

Theory:

In the screenshot given below, I have shown top, left and right margins, if you will type
the complete page, word will leave 1-inch bottom margin as well.

Adjust Margins
The following steps will help you understand how to set margins for an open document.
Step 1 − Open the document the margins of which need to be set. If you want the margins to be
applied only to a selected part of a document, select that particular part.
Step 2 − Click the Page Layout tab, and click the Margins button in the Page Setup group.
This will display a list of options to be selected but you have to click the Custom Margins
option available at the bottom.
You can also select any of the predefined margins from the list, but using custom margins
option you will have more control on all the settings.
Step 3 − You will have to display a Page Dialog Box as shown below where you can set top,
left, right and bottom margins under the Margins Tab. Select the Apply to: option to apply the
margin on selected text or complete document.
Step 4 − If you are going to bind the document and want to add an extra amount of space on
one edge for the binding, enter that amount in the Gutter text box, and select the side the gutter
is on with the Gutter Position drop-down list. After setting all the desired values for all the
margins, click the OK button to apply the margins.

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Add Header and Footer
The following steps will help you understand how to add header and footer in a Word
document.
Step 1 − Click the Insert tab, and click either the Header button or the Footer button that
which needs to be added first. Assume you are going to add Header; when you click the Header
button it will display a list of built-in Headers from where you can choose any of the headers
by simply clicking on it.
Step 2 − Once you select any of the headers, it will be applied to the document in editable mode
and the text in your document will appear dimmed, Header and Footer buttons appear on the
Ribbon and a Close Header and Footer button will also appear at the top-right corner.
Step 3 − Finally, you can type your information whatever you want to have in your document
header and once you are done, click Close Header and Footer to come out of the header
insertion mode.

Edit Header and Footer

The following steps will help you understand how to edit the existing header or footer of your
document.
Step 1 − Click the Insert tab, and click either the Header button or Footer button or
whatever you want to edit. Assume you are going to edit the Header, so when you click
the Header button it will display a list of options including the Edit Header option.
Step 2 − Click on the Edit Header option and Word will display the editable header as shown in
the following screenshot.
Step 3 − Now you can edit your document header and once you are done, click Close Header
and Footer to come out of the edit header mode.
Add Page Numbers
Following are the simple steps to add page numbers in a Word document.
Step 1 − Click the Insert tab, and click the Page Number button available in the header and
footer section. This will display a list of options to display the page number at the top, bottom,
current position etc.

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Step 2 − When you move your mouse pointer over the available options, it displays further styles
of page numbers to be displayed. For example, when I take the mouse pointer at the Bottom of
Page option it displays the following list of styles.
Step 3 − Finally, select any one of the page number styles. I selected the Accent Bar 1 style by
clicking over it. You will be directed to the Page Footer modification mode. Click the Close
Header and Footer button to come out of the Footer Edit mode.
Insert Page Breaks
The following steps will help you insert page breaks in a Word document.
Step 1 − Bring your insertion point immediately before the text that has to appear on a new
page.
Step 2 − Click the Insert tab, and click the Page Break button available in the Pages group.
Word inserts a page break and moves all text after the page break onto a new page. You can
also use the Ctrl + Enter keys to create a page break at the pointed location.

Delete a Page Break

Just put the insertion point on the previous page of the page break that needs to be deleted. Press
the Delete key multiple times until both the pages get merged.
Insert Blank Pages
Following are the simple steps to insert blank page in a word document.
Step 1 − Bring your insertion point immediately before the text where you want to insert a
blank page.
Step 2 − Click the Insert tab, and click the Blank Page button available in the Pages group.
Word inserts a new blank page and moves all the text after the page break onto a new page.
Delete Blank Pages
The following steps will help you delete blank page from a Word document.
Step 1 − Click the Home tab, and click the Show/Hide ¶ paragraph marks button available in
the Paragraph group or simply press the Ctrl + Shift + * keys.

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Step 2 − Bring your cursor immediately before the Page Break mark available on the blank
page and press the Delete Key. This will delete the blank page and again you can click
the Show/Hide ¶ paragraph marks button to hide all the paragraph marks.
Add Cover Pages
Following are the simple steps to add a cover page in a Word document.
Step 1 − Click the Insert tab, and click the Cover Page button available in the Pages group.
This will display a list of Built-in Cover Pages as shown below.
Step 2 − Choose a cover page from the options available in the gallery. The selected cover page
will be added as the first page of your document which can later be modified according to the
requirements. If you want to place the cover page elsewhere except the first page, right-click the
cover page in the gallery and select the location you want from the menu that appears.

Change Page Orientation

The following steps will help you understand how to change the page orientation of a word
document.
Step 1 − Open the Word document the orientation of which needs to be changed.
Step 2 − Click the Page Layout tab, and click the Orientation button available in the Page
Setup group. This will display an Option Menu having both the options (Portrait & Landscape)
to be selected.

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Step 3 − Click any of the options you want to set to orientation. Because our page is already in
portrait orientation, we will click the Landscape option to change my orientation to landscape
orientation.

Task:
Write a paragraph and perform these tasks:
 Add cover page
 Adjust page margin
 Apply header and footer
 Add page break between a paragraph
 Insert 3 blank pages and write 3 paragraphs
 Set page orientation to landscape
Then save your file.

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CONCLUSION:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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 Experiment No.3

Student Name: Roll num:

Objective:
Introduction to different features of MS Word 2007
Working with tables(create a table, rows and columns, move a table, resize a table, merging a
table, split a table, split cells, Add formulas, boarders and shading )

Apparatus:
Computer System

Theory:
Create a Table
The following steps will help you understand how to create a table in a Word document.
Step 1 − Click the Insert tab followed by the Table button. This will display a simple grid as
shown below. When you move your mouse over the grid cells, it makes a table in the table that
appears in the document. You can make your table having the desired number of rows and
columns.
Step 2 − Click the square representing the lower-right corner of your table, which will create an
actual table in your document and Word goes in the table design mode.
Step 3 − This is an optional step that can be worked out if you want to have a fancy table. Click
the Table Styles button to display a gallery of table styles. When you move your mouse over
any of the styles, it shows real time preview of your actual table.
Step 4 − To select any of the styles, just click the built-in table style and you will see that the
selected style has been applied on your table.

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Add a Row
Following are the simple steps to add rows in a table of a word document.
Step 1 − Click a row where you want to add an additional row and then click the Layout tab.
Step 2 − Now use the Row & Column group of buttons to add any row below or above to the
selected row. If you click the Insert Below button, it will add a row.

If you click the Insert Above button, it will add a row just above the selected row.
Merging Cells
The following steps will help you merge table cells in a Word document.
Step 1 − Bring your mouse pointer position inside the first cell that you want to merge. Now
press the Shift key and click the cells around the cell which you want to merge into the first
cell. This will highlight the cells which you click and they will be ready to be merged.
Step 2 − Now click the Layout tab and then click the Merge Cells button which will merge all
the selected cells.

After merging the cells, all the content of the cells will be scrambled which you can fix later as
you like.
Split a Table
Following are the simple steps to split a table into two tables in a Word document.

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Step 1 − Bring your mouse pointer position anywhere in the row that should appear as the first
row of the new table.
Step 2 − Now click the Layout tab and then click the Split Table button which will split the
table into two tables and the selected row will become the first row of the lower table.

After splitting the table into two tables, you can further divide it into two parts and you can
continue dividing the Word tables as long as a table has more than one row.
Split a Cell
The following steps will help you split a cell into two sub-cells of a table available in word
document.
Step 1 − Bring your mouse pointer position inside the cell that has to be divided into multiple
cells.
Step 2 − Now click the Layout tab and then click the Split Cells button; this will display a
dialog box asking for the number of rows and columns to be created from the selected cell.

Step 3 − Select the desired number of rows and columns that have to go into the resultant cell
and finally click the OK button to apply the result.

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You can divide a cell into multiple cells either row-wise or column-wise or both.
Add a Formula
Following are the simple steps to add formula in a table cell available in Word document.
Step 1 − Consider the following table with the total number of rows. Click in a cell that should
contain the sum of the rows.
Step 2 − Now click the Layout tab and then click the Formula button; this will display a
Formula Dialog Box which will suggest a default formula, which is =SUM(LEFT) in our case.
You can select a number format using Number Format List Box to display the result or you
can change the formula using the Formula List Box.

Step 3 − Now click OK to apply the formula and you will see that the left cells have been
added and the sum has been put in the total cell where we wanted to have it. You can repeat the
procedure to have the sum of other two rows as well.

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Add Borders to Table
Step 1 − Select the table to which you want to add border. To select a table, click over the table
anywhere which will make the Cross icon visible at the top-left corner of the table. Click this
cross icon to select the table.
Step 2 − Click the Border button to display a list of options to put a border around the selected
table. You can select any of the option available by simply clicking over it.
Step 3 − Try to add and remove different borders like left, right, top or bottom by selecting
different options from the border options.

Step 4 − You can apply border to any of the selected row or column. You can try it yourself.
Step 5 − To delete the existing border, simply select the No Border option from the border
options.
Using Border Options
Step 1 − Click the Border button to display a list of options to put a border. Select the Border
and Shading option available at the bottom of the list of options as shown in the above
screenshot. This will display a Border and Shading dialog box. This dialog box can be used to
set borders and shading around a selected table.
Step 2 − Click the Border tab; this will display a list of border settings, styles and options
whether this border should be applied to the table or text or paragraph.
Step 3 − You can use the Preview section to disable or enable left, right, top or bottom borders
of the selected table or row or column. Follow the given instructions in the preview section
itself to design the border you like.
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Step 4 − You can customize your border by setting its color, width by using different width
thickness available under the style section.

Add Shades To Table

The following steps will help you add shades on a selected table or its rows or columns.
Step 1 − Select a row or column where you want to apply a shade of your choice.
Step 2 − Click the Border button to display a list of options to put a border. Select the Border
and Shading option available at the bottom of the list of options. This will display a Border
and Shading dialog box. This dialog box can be used to set borders and shading around
selected row(s) or column(s).

Step 2 − Click the Shading tab which will display options to select fill, color and style and
whether this border should be applied to cell or table or selected portion of text.
Step 3 − You can use the Preview section to have an idea about the expected result. Once you
are done, click the OK button to apply the result.
Task:
Create a table of 5 rows and 5 columns and perform these task:
 Write employee name, designation, January Salary, February salary, total in
columns.
 Insert 4 entries in each row
 Change table style
 Split the table
 Insert column below the table
 Change table width to 2.4” and height to 0.4’’

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Conclusion/Comments:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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