Supersedes DIN V 18599-4:2005-07

Date:2007 February
DIN V 18599-4
Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part
4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden — Berechnung des Nutz-, End- und Primärenergiebedarfs für Heizung,
Kühlung, Lüftung, Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung — Teil 4: Nutz- und Endenergiebedarf für Beleuchtung
Supersedes DIN V 18599-4:2005-07

DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 7
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 8
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units................................................................................... 10
3.1 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts...................................................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Symbols and units .......................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.2 Subscripts ....................................................................................................................................... 13
4 Relationship between the parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ............................ 15
4.1 Input parameters from other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ....................... 15
4.2 Output parameters for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ....................... 15
5 Calculations..................................................................................................................................... 15
5.1 Principle of the balance calculations............................................................................................ 15
5.2 Subdivision of a building zone...................................................................................................... 17
5.2.1 Subdivision into evaluation areas................................................................................................. 17
5.2.2 Daylight area ................................................................................................................................... 18
5.3 Operating times............................................................................................................................... 19
5.4 Artificial lighting.............................................................................................................................. 19
5.4.1 Tabular method ............................................................................................................................... 19
5.4.2 Simplified utilization factor method.............................................................................................. 22
5.4.3 Detailed engineering planning ...................................................................................................... 23
5.4.4 Determination of the specific electrical evaluation power in existing buildings ..................... 23
5.5 Daylight............................................................................................................................................ 24
5.5.1 Annual daylight supply with vertical façades.............................................................................. 26
5.5.2 Annual daylight supply through rooflights.................................................................................. 37
5.5.3 Daylight-responsive control systems........................................................................................... 44
5.5.4 Monthly evaluation method ........................................................................................................... 45
5.6 Occupancy (presence) ................................................................................................................... 46
Annex A (normative) Reduction factor kA to take into account the relative proportion of the
area needed for the visual task ..................................................................................................... 48
A.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 48
A.2 Detailed calculation of CTL,Vers,Sa,j ............................................................................................ 49
A.3 Examples of the electrical evaluation power of various illumination solutions ...................... 56
A.3.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 56
A.3.2 Personal offices (single occupant) ............................................................................................... 57
A.3.3 Office for two occupants................................................................................................................ 60
A.3.4 Workgroup offices .......................................................................................................................... 63
A.3.5 Call centres (landscaped offices).................................................................................................. 66
A.3.6 Corridors.......................................................................................................................................... 70
A.3.7 Production hall................................................................................................................................ 72
A.4 Example: Determination of the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j for a space with
rooflights ......................................................................................................................................... 74
A.4.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 74
A.4.2 Determination of the electrical evaluation power........................................................................ 74
A.4.3 Determination of the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers ................................................................ 75
A.4.4 Determination of the annual and monthly energy use for lighting............................................ 76
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................. 79
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figures
Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599 ...............................................................................................7
Figure 2 — Content and scope of DIN V 18599-4 (schematic diagram)..............................................................9
Figure 3 — Flowchart showing calculation of the energy need for lighting........................................................17
Figure 4 — Determination of height h'R (schematic diagram) ............................................................................22
Figure 5 — Three-stage approach for determining the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j ....................................26
Figure 6 — Effect of the angle of elevation of a linear obstruction γV,lV (schematic diagram)...........................27
Figure 7 — Effect of the horizontal obstruction angle due to an overhang γV,hA (schematic diagram)..............28
Figure 8 — Effect of the vertical obstruction angle γV,vA due to a side fin (schematic diagram) .......................28
Figure 9 — Geometrical parameters used to define the well index wi (notation)...............................................29

Figure 10 — Example of a set of functions to determine the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j as a function
of DRb and τeff,SNA,j according to equation (28) for Em = 500 lx and a south-facing façade .....................36
Figure 11 —Notation used to describe the geometry of the upstands of spaces with dome lights and
continuous rooflights ...................................................................................................................................40
Figure 12 — Notation used to describe the geometry of rooflights in sawtooth roofs (sheds) ..........................40
Figure A.1 —Task area AS and immediate surrounding area AU (schematic diagram) ....................................49
Figure A.2 — Effective light transmittances τeff,u,SA into the lower quarter-space and τeff,o,SA into the upper
quarter-space (schematic diagram) ............................................................................................................53
Figure A.3 — Factor CTL,Vers,SA for areas with activated solar radiation protection and/or glare protection
as a function of the total light transmittance τeff,SA and the distribution key factor vSA for Em = 500 lx ....55
Figure A.4 — Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SA for areas with activated solar radiation protection
and/or glare protection as a function of the factor CTL,Vers,SA and the daylight factor DRb of the
building carcass roof opening .....................................................................................................................56
Figure A.5 — Personal office – illumination solution 1.......................................................................................57
Figure A.8 — Office for two occupants — illumination solution 1 ......................................................................60
Figure A.9 — Office for two occupants – illumination solution 2 ........................................................................61
Figure A.10 — Office for two occupants – illumination solution 3 ......................................................................62
Figure A.11 — Workgroup office – illumination solution 1 .................................................................................63
Figure A.12 — Workgroup office – illumination solution 2 .................................................................................64
Figure A.13 — Call centre – illumination solution 1 ...........................................................................................67
Figure A.14 — Call centre – illumination solution 2 ...........................................................................................69
Figure A.15 — Corridor – illumination solution 1................................................................................................70
Figure A.16 — Corridor – illumination solution 2................................................................................................71
Figure A.17 — Production hall – illumination solution 1.....................................................................................72
Figure A.18 — Production hall – illumination solution 2.....................................................................................73
Figure A.19 — Rooflights ...................................................................................................................................74
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Tables
Table 1 — Calculation values of the specific electrical evaluation power pj,lx in relation to the floor
area per lx of maintained illuminance at the work plane, for luminaires with tubular fluorescent
lamps and electronic ballast (EB) ............................................................................................................... 20
Table 2 — Correction factor kL to account for different types of lamp, with reference to Table 1 ..................... 21
Table 3 — Correction factor kR to account for the effect of the space geometry in relation to the
room index k ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Table 4 — Utilization factors ηR as a function of the illumination type and the room index .............................. 23
Table 5 — Factor kBG for determining the power of a system from the power consumption of lamps ............. 24
Table 6 — Daylight supply classification as a function of the daylight factor DRb,j of the building
carcass opening.......................................................................................................................................... 31
Table 7 — Relative times trel,TL,SNA,j and trel,TL,SA,j for de-activated and activated solar radiation
and/or glare protection systems, as a function of the façade orientation ................................................... 32
Table 8 — Typical values of light transmittance τD65,SNA of transparent building components........................ 33
Table 9 — Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j as a function of the effective light transmittance of the
façade, daylight supply factor, maintained illuminance and façade orientation ......................................... 34
Table 10 — Parameters a1 und a2 to be used in equation (28), as a function of the maintained
illuminance Em ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Table 11 — Parameter a3 to be used in equation (28) to account for the façade orientation ........................... 35
Table 12 — System solutions (to be applied for the period trel,TL,SA,j) .............................................................. 36
Table 13 — Typical values of light transmittance τD65, U and g of components frequently used in
rooflight construction................................................................................................................................... 38
Table 14 — External daylight factor Da as a function of the façade slope γF for a floor reflectance ρB of 0,2
(without taking obstruction into account) .................................................................................................... 40
Table 15 — Dome light utilization factors ηR, as a function of the room index k and the geometry
parameters of the upstand design .............................................................................................................. 41
Table 16 — Utilization factors ηR of rooflights in sawtooth roofs (sheds), as a function of the room index
and the geometry parameters .................................................................................................................... 42
Table 17 — Classification of daylight supply as a function of the daylight factor D j ....................................... 43
Table 18 — Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j of spaces with rooflights as a function of the daylight supply
classification and the maintained illuminance for façades with different orientations and slopes.............. 43
Table 19 — Correction factor CTL,kon,j to account for the effect of daylight-responsive control systems in a
zone n, as a function of the maintained illuminance Em and the daylight supply classification ................. 45
Table 20 — Monthly distribution key factors vMonat,i for vertical façades .......................................................... 46
Table 21 — Monthly distribution key factors vMonat,i for rooflights..................................................................... 46
Table 22 — Factor CPrä,kon,j to account for the efficiency of presence detection systems ............................... 47
Table A.1 —Typical effective light transmittance τeff,SA of various types of solar radiation protection and/or
glare protection systems (cf. DIN V 18599-2) ............................................................................................ 51
Table A.2 — Typical values of the distribution key factor VSA,j for various types of façade components ........ 53
Table A.3 — Monthly energy use demand for continuous-type rooflights......................................................... 78
Table A.4 — Monthly energy use demand for shed rooflights .......................................................................... 78
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Foreword
This prestandard has been prepared by DIN Joint Committee NA 005-56-20 GA Energetische Bewertung von
Gebäuden of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), which
also lead-managed the work, and Normenausschuss Heiz- und Raumlufttechnik (Heating and Ventilation
Standards Committee) with the co-operation of the Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (Lighting Technology
Standards Committee).
A prestandard is a standard which cannot be given full status, either because certain reservations still exist as
to its content, or because the manner of its preparation deviates in some way from the normal procedure.
No draft of the present prestandard has been published.
Comments on experience with this prestandard should be sent:
⎯ preferably by e-mail containing a table of the data, to nabau@din.de. A template for this table is provided
on the Internet under the URL http://www.din.de/stellungnahme;
⎯ or as hard-copy to Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.,
10772 Berlin, Germany (office address: Burggrafenstraße 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany).
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy need,
delivered and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting consists of the
following parts:
⎯ Part 1: General balancing procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers
⎯ Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones
⎯ Part 3: Energy need for air conditioning
⎯ Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting
⎯ Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems
⎯ Part 6: Delivered energy for ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings
⎯ Part 7: Delivered energy for air handling and air conditioning systems for non-residential buildings
⎯ Part 8: Energy need and delivered energy for domestic hot water systems
⎯ Part 9: Delivered and primary energy for combined heat and power plants
⎯ Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards provides a methodology for assessing the overall energy efficiency of
buildings. The calculations enable all energy quantities required for the purpose of heating, domestic hot water
heating, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting of buildings to be assessed.
In the described procedures, the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards also takes into account the interactive
effects of energy flows and points out the related consequences for planning work. In addition to the
calculation procedures, the use- and operation-related boundary conditions for an unbiased assessment (i.e.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
independent of the behaviour of individual users and of the local climatic data) to determine the energy needs
are given.
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards is suitable for determining the long-term energy needs of buildings or
parts of buildings as well as for assessing the possible use of renewable sources of energy in buildings. The
procedure is designed both for buildings yet to be constructed and for existing buildings, and for retrofit
measures for existing buildings.
Amendments
This prestandard differs from DIN V 18599-4:2005-07 in that it has been revised in form and content.
Previous edition
DIN V 18599-4: 2005-07
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Introduction
When an energy balance is calculated in accordance with the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards, an
integrative approach is taken, i.e. the building, the use of the building, and the building’s technical installations
and equipment are evaluated together, taking the interaction of these factors into consideration. In order to
provide a clearer structure, the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards is divided into several parts, each having
a particular focus. Figure 1 provides an overview of the topics dealt with in the individual parts of the series.
Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
1 Scope
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards provides a methodology for calculating the overall energy balance of
buildings. The described algorithm is applicable to the calculation of energy balances for:
⎯ residential buildings and non-residential buildings;
⎯ planned or new building construction and existing buildings.
The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for:
⎯ balancing the energy use of buildings with partially pre-determined boundary conditions;
⎯ balancing the energy use of buildings with freely-selectable boundary conditions from the general
engineering aspect, e.g. with the objective of achieving a good comparison between calculated and
measured energy ratings.
The balance calculations take into account the energy use for:
⎯ heating,
⎯ ventilation,
⎯ air conditioning and control (including cooling and humidification),
⎯ heating the domestic hot water supply, and
⎯ lighting
of buildings, including the additional electrical power input (auxiliary energy) which is directly related to the
energy supply.
This document specifies the approved method of verifying the monthly and annual energy use for lighting in
non-residential buildings. The method described includes the partitioning of a building into zones as required
for lighting technology purposes, determination of the specific electrical power requirements (electrical
evaluation power) of the artificial lighting system, as well as considerations on the way in which daylight is
utilized and the effects of presence detection systems.
To achieve lighting energy efficiency, suitable lighting and lighting control systems shall be employed and the
available daylight shall be utilized to the best possible extent. The method described here only deals with the
lighting systems needed to achieve minimum lighting requirements. According to the provisions of
DIN EN 12464-1 and reference documents [6] und [7], a lighting system shall be designed in such a way that
the lighting requirements of a specific space are met without needlessly increasing the energy use. At the
same time, the energy use shall not be reduced to the detriment of the quality of the lighting conditions.
Figure 2 shows the scope of the present document as a diagram. For the reader’s orientation, all other parts
of the DIN 18599 series of prestandards contain an illustration similar to Figure 2 as shown here, and in which
the respective energy components dealt with are shown in colour.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure 2 — Content and scope of DIN V 18599-4

(schematic diagram)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN 5034-3:2005-09, Daylight in interiors — Part 3: Calculation
DIN V 18599-1, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 1: General balancing
procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 2: Energy needs for
heating and cooling of building zones
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 3: Energy need
demand for air conditioning
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 5: Delivered energy for
heating systems
ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
air handling and air conditioning systems for non-residential buildings
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 8: Energy need and
delivered energy for domestic hot water systems
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 9: Delivered and
primary energy demand of combined heat and power plants
DIN V 18599-10, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered and primary
energy demand for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 10: Boundary
conditions of use, climatic data
DIN EN 410, Glass in building — Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
DIN EN 12464-1, Light and lighting — Lighting of work places — Part 1: Indoor work places
DIN EN 13363-1, Solar protection devices combined with glazing — Calculation of solar and light
transmittance — Part 1: Simplified method
DIN EN 13363-2, Solar protection devices combined with glazing — Calculation of total solar energy
transmittance and light transmittance — Part 2: Detailed calculation method
CIE 17.4, International Lighting Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
illuminance
E
quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface divided by the area of that element
[CIE 17.4; 845-01-38]
NOTE Unit of measurement: lux (lx)
3.1.2
maintained illuminance
Em
value below which the average illuminance on the specified surface is not allowed to fall
NOTE 1 See also DIN EN 12464-1.
NOTE 2 This is the average illuminance at the time when maintenance should, at the latest, be carried out.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
3.1.3
luminous flux
Φ
physical quantity derived from the radiant flux (radiant power) by evaluating the radiation in accordance with
the spectral sensitivity of the human eye (according to the CIE definition of a standard photometric observer).
It is equal to the luminous power emitted by a source or striking a surface
[CIE 17.4: 845-01-25]
NOTE Unit of measurement: lumen (lm)
3.1.4
light exposure
surface density of the quantity of light received, i.e. the quotient of a quantity of light received by an element
within a given time and the area of that element
[CIE 17.4: 845-01-25]
NOTE Unit of measurement: lux hours (lx·h)
3.1.5
daylight factor
ratio of the illuminance at a point on a given plane due to the light received directly or indirectly from a sky of
assumed or known luminance distribution to the illuminance on a horizontal plane due to an unobstructed
hemisphere of this sky. Direct sunlight is excluded for both values of illuminance
[CIE 17.4; 845-09-97]
3.1.6
pendant length
difference between the ceiling height and the task area height, i.e. the level at which the light-emission centre
of the luminaires is located
3.1.7
light reflectance
ratio of the reflected luminous flux to the incident luminous flux (also termed reflection factor)
[CIE 17.4; 845-04-58]
3.1.8
light transmittance
ratio of the luminous flux transmitted by a body to the incident luminous flux
NOTE See also CIE 17.4; 845-04-59.
3.1.9
lamp
source made in order to produce light, generally in the visible range of the spectrum
3.1.10
luminaire
apparatus which distributes, filters or transforms the light given by a lamp or lamps and which includes all the
items necessary for fixing and protecting these lamps and, where necessary, the wiring and devices for
connecting them to the supply circuit, but not the actual lamps.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
3.1.11
ballast
device connected between the electrical power supply and one or more discharge lamps and used mainly to
limit the lamp current to the desired value
3.1.12
rooflight
transparent or transparent opening in the ceiling of a room, letting in daylight (e.g. various forms of dome
lights, shed rooflights, continuous rooflights, lantern-type rooflights)
3.1.13
control system
various types of electrical and electronic systems used to control and regulate:
— systems to protect against solar radiation and/or glare;
— artificial lighting in relation to the currently available daylight;
and to detect and record the presence of occupants
3.1.14
electrical evaluation power of artificial light
total electrical power requirements of the lighting system in the evaluation area, determined solely for
calculating the delivered energy demand for lighting by means of the method described here. The electrical
evaluation power can differ from the electrical power consumption when designing the electrical installations
3.1.15
obstruction
obstruction in the way of the light in the form of buildings and mountains which, as seen from the respective
location, cover sections of the sky. Self-obstruction (e.g. by other parts of the building under evaluation) is also
deemed to be obstruction
3.1.16
visual task
visual elements of the work being done
NOTE See also DIN EN 12464-1.
3.1.17
task area
partial area in the workplace in which the visual task is carried out. For places where the size and/or location
of the task area is unknown, the entire area where the task may occur is taken as the task area
NOTE See also DIN EN 12464-1.
3.1.18
product data
manufacturer-specific data on the basis of
— a declaration of conformity to harmonized European specifications or corresponding European
directives, or
— a declaration of conformity to generally recognized technical standards, or
— a building-inspectorate certificate of usability
that is suitable for this calculation procedure
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3.1.19
standard value
value which can be used for the calculation if no suitable product data are available for the calculation
procedure
3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts
3.2.1 Symbols and units
τ light transmittance
ϕ luminous flux, in lm
η efficiency
a depth, in m
A area, in m2
b width, in m
bf occupancy factor
C correction factor
D daylight factor, in %
Em maintained illuminance, in lx
EU environment illuminance
f, F factors
h height, in m
k room index
k correction factor
m reduction factor to account for room occupancy
J counter for number of evaluation areas
N counter for number of zones
p power per unti area, in W/m2

P power, in W
t time, in h
v distribution key factor
WF maintenance factor
wi rooflight well index
3.2.2 Subscripts
a external, outdoor
A absence
At atrium
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
D65 standard illuminant D65

eff effective
GDF double glass façade
hA overhang
i, j, n serial variables
In inner courtyard
kon control
KTL no daylight
L lamp
lV linear obstruction
Nacht night-time
N work plane
o upper
Obl rooflight
Pe pendant level
Prä presence
R space, room
Rb building carcass, unfinished
rel relative
RG floor area of room or space
Rt depth of room or space
s rooflight opening through which light passes
SA solar radiation protection activated
SNA solar radiation protection not activated
St lintel
t building operating time
Tag day-time
TL daylight
Tr transparency
u lower
V obstruction
vA side fin
Vers supply, availability
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4 Relationship between the parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards

The following two subclauses:
⎯ summarize the input parameters to be used in this document,
⎯ provide an overview of how the part-balances calculated using the method explained here are applied in
other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards.
4.1 Input parameters from other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards
Meaning Symbol Source
— Day-time usage hours per annum tTag see DIN V 18599-10
— Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht see DIN V 18599-10
— Maintained illuminance Em see DIN V 18599-10
— Height of the work plane hNe see DIN V 18599-10
— Reduction factor to account for the proportion of the area k

A see DIN V 18599-10
occupied by the visual task
— Relative absence CA see DIN V 18599-10
— Room index k see DIN V 18599-10

— Reduction factor for lighting related to the building Ft see DIN V 18599-10
operating time
— Dirt depreciation factor k2 see DIN V 18599-10
4.2 Output parameters for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards
Meaning Symbol Used in

see DIN V 18599-1
— Energy need for lighting Ql,b
see DIN V 18599-2
5 Calculations
5.1 Principle of the balance calculations
The energy required for lighting purposes is to be determined for a total of N building zones which, in turn, are
subdivided into J evaluation areas:
N J
Ql, f = Ql,b = ∑ Ft,n × ∑ Ql,b,n, j (1)
n =1 j =1
The energy need of any one evaluation area j is calculated by applying the following equation:
[
Ql,b,n, j = p j × ATL, j × (t eff, Tag, TL, j + t eff,Nacht, j ) + AKTL, j × (t eff, Tag,KTL, j + t eff,Nacht, j ) ] (2)
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
where
Aj = ATL,j + AKTL,j (3)
applies to the total area of the respective evaluation area,
and where
Ql,b is the energy need for lighting;
Ql,f is the energy use for lighting;
N is the number of zones;
J is the number of areas;
Ft,n is the partial-operation factor to account for lighting related to the building operating time;
DIN V 18599-10 specifies values of this factor for various usage profiles;
pj is the specific electrical evaluation power of area j;
Aj is the floor area of area j;
ATL,j is that part of area j which is illuminated by daylight;
AKTL,j is that part of area j which is not illuminated by daylight;
teff,Tag,TL,j is the effective operating time of the lighting system, during the day-time, in area j which is
illuminated by daylight;
teff,Tag,KTL,j is the effective operating time of the lighting system, during the day-time, in area j which is
not illuminated by daylight;
teff,Nacht,j is the effective operating time of the lighting system, during the night-time, in area j.
The effective operating time, during the day-time, in an area j which is illuminated by daylight is calculated
using the following equation:
t eff, Tag, TL, j = t Tag, n × FTL, j × FPr ä, j (4)
The effective operating time, during the day-time, in an area j which is not illuminated by daylight is calculated
using the following equation:
t eff, Tag,KTL, j = t Tag, n × FPr ä, j

(5)
where
tTag,n is the operating time of zone n during the day-time, as specified in 5.3;
FTL,j is the partial-operation factor to account for illumination by daylight in the evaluation area j as
specified in 5.5;
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
FPrä,j is the partial-operation factor to account for the presence of persons (occupancy) in the evaluation
area j as specified in 5.6.
The following equation is used to calculate the effective operating time during the night-time:
t eff,Nacht, j = tNacht,n × FPr ä, j (6)
where
tNacht,n is the operating time of zone n during the night-time, as specified in 5.3.
Figure 3 illustrates the order in which the individual steps of the calculations are to be carried out.
The auxiliary energy for lighting purposes, Ql,aux. is taken into account in the specific electric evaluation power
and the effective operating times in order to account for so-called “parasitic effects”.
Figure 3 — Flowchart showing calculation of the energy need for lighting
5.2 Subdivision of a building zone
5.2.1 Subdivision into evaluation areas
The energy use for lighting is calculated for all building zones. The building zones are to be specified as
described in DIN V 18599-1 and DIN V 18599-10.
It may be necessary to subdivide a building zone n into j evaluation areas in order to determine the energy
use for lighting. This subdivision may be necessary due to differences in the boundary conditions (e.g.
technical design of the artificial lighting system, lighting control systems, characteristics of the façades) which
are not specified in the usage profiles given in DIN V 18599-10.
One and the same boundary condition can be assumed to apply for an entire building zone or an evaluation
area if the corresponding input parameter applies to at least 75 % of the evaluation area. Input parameters of
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
the parts (e.g. window areas) assigned to the total areas are not taken into account in the calculations. The
energy use is calculated for that part of the evaluation area which occupies at least 75 % of the total area and
is then assumed to apply to the total area.
5.2.2 Daylight area
evaluation areas which are illuminated by daylight entering via façades or rooflights shall be subdivided into a
daylight-illuminated area (area with daylight supply) ATL,j and an area AKTL,j which is not illuminated by
daylight (area without daylight supply). For simplified calculations, the more favourable lighting conditions can
be assumed to apply in cases where an area is illuminated by daylight entering via several façades or via a
façade and rooflights. Alternatively, it is permitted to superpose the daylight factors used to classify the
daylight supply according to 5.5.1.1 and 5.5.2 for only one respective type of daylight opening (façade or
rooflight).
Depth and width of the daylight area illuminated by façades
The maximum possible depth aTL,max of the area ATL,j illuminated by daylight entering via a façade is
calculated using the following equation:
aTL,max = 2,5 × (hSt – hNe) (7)
where
aTL,max is the maximum depth of the daylight area;
hSt is the height of the lintel above the floor;
hNe is the height of the work plane above the floor.
In this case, the maximum depth aTL,max of the daylight area is calculated from the inner surface of the
external wall and perpendicular to the reference façade. If the actual depth of the evaluation area is less than
the calculated maximum depth of the daylight area, then the total area depth is considered to be the depth of
the daylight area aTL. aTL can also be assumed to be equal to the actual depth of the evaluation area if the
actual area depth is less than 1,25 times the calculated maximum daylight area depth.
The partial area ATL,j which is illuminated by daylight within the area j is thus calculated as follows:
ATL, j = aTL × bTL (8)
where
aTL is the depth of the daylight area;
bTL is the width of the daylight area.
The width bTL of the daylight area normally corresponds to the façade width on the inner face of the building
zone or evaluation area. Internal walls may be overmeasured (i.e. their thickness ignored) in order to keep the
equations simple. If windows only constitute a part of the façade, then the width of the daylight area
associated with this façade is equal to the width of the section which has windows, plus half the depth of the
daylight area.
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Depth of the daylight area illuminated by rooflights
Areas to be evaluated having rooflights evenly distributed over the roof area are always deemed to be
illuminated by daylight. In the case of individual rooflights and at the boundaries of areas which have evenly-
distributed rooflights, those parts of the evaluation area which are within a distance of
aTL,max ≤ hR,j – hNe,j (9)
from the edge of the nearest rooflight are deemed to be illuminated by daylight.
Here
hR,j is the clear ceiling height of the evaluation area which has a rooflight.
For all parts of the evaluation area which are not illuminated by daylight, the factor FTL,j is equal to 1.
Distinction between vertical façades and rooflights
In cases of doubt as to whether a specific opening is to be considered as a window or a rooflight, all such
openings of which the entire glazed areas are above the ceiling of the space under consideration are deemed
to be rooflights.
5.3 Operating times
The times during which the evaluation areas are used are subdivided into intervals tTag,n, during which
daylight is available, and intervals tNacht,n without daylight. The operating time tn is equal to tTag,n + tNacht,n.
Day-time is the time span between sunrise and sunset. Annual daylight hours and night hours are defined in
relation to the different usage profiles given in DIN V 18599-10. For operating times which do not match the
cases listed in the tables, the values shall be determined separately.
5.4 Artificial lighting
The electrical power requirements determined by the method described in this document and used in
subsequent calculations are to be used solely for determining the energy use for lighting in the evaluation
method described here. The values apply under the conditions of the simplifed assumptions described below.
The methods are not meant to be used as a substitute for electrical power requirement calculations for
designing the electrical installations. The electrical power requirement is therefore called the electrical
evaluation power in the following sections of the document.
Three different methods can be used to determine the electrical evaluation power in new installations:
⎯ the tabular method (cf. 5.4.1);
⎯ the simplified utilization factor method (cf. 5.4.2);
⎯ detailed engineering planning (cf. 5.4.3).
Desktop lamps are not taken into consideration in the tabular method or the simplified utilization factor method.
Where lighting has been professionally planned (see 5.4.3) this shall be given precedence over the other two
methods. Existing systems shall be evaluated as specified in 5.4.4.
5.4.1 Tabular method
As shown in Table 1, a distinction is made between three illumination types, which result in different electrical
evaluation power values. The values in the table are calculation values pj,lx for the specific electric evaluation
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power in relation to the net floor area and the maintained illuminance Em at the work plane. The values are
given for tubular fluorescent lamps with electronic ballasts (EB).
Table 1 — Calculation values of the specific electrical evaluation power pj,lx in relation to the floor area
per lx of maintained illuminance at the work plane, for luminaires with tubular fluorescent lamps and
electronic ballast (EB)
Specific electrical evaluation power pj,lx

Illumination type
W/(m2·x)
Direct 0,05
Direct/indirect 0,06
Indirect 0,10
The specific electrical evaluation power can be derived from the pj,lx values as follows:
p j = p j ,lx × Em × k A × kL × kR (10)
where
Em is the maintained illuminance in accordance with DIN V 18599-10;
kA is the reduction factor to account for the proportion of the task area;
kL is the correction factor taking into account the type of lamp, for lamps other than tubular fluorescent
lamps from Table 2;
kR is the correction factor taking into account the type of space, from Table 3.
DIN V 18599-10 specifies typical maintained illuminance values E m for various usage profiles.
Values may be reduced by a factor kA to take the task area into account. Values of kA can be taken from
tables in DIN V 18599-10, for simplified calculations, or be determined in detail by applying equation (A.1).
Where lighting systems do not use tubular fluorescent lamps with EB, factors kL from Table 2 shall be applied
to take into account the type of lamp used as a light source. In such cases the specific evaluation power pj,lx
for the respective type of illumination from Table 1 shall be used. All types of gas discharge lamps such as
low-pressure or low-intensity discharge lamps (also called “fluorescent tubes”) and high-pressure or high-
intensity discharge lamps shall always be operated in conjunction with ballasts due to the necessity of limiting
the current. Certain types of discharge lamps, such as T5 lamps with a diameter of 16 mm can only be
operated with EBs. Daylight-responsive lighting control (constant illumination control) as described in 5.5.3
can only be achieved by using dimmable electronic ballast circuits.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 2 — Correction factor kL to account for different types of lamp, with reference to Table 1
Factor kL
Type of lamp Ballast
− EBa LLBb CBc
Incandescent 6 − − −
Tungsten halogen 5 − − −
Tubular fluorescent − 1,0 1,14 1,24
Compact fluorescent, with external EB − 1,2 1,4 1,5
Compact fluorescent, with integrated EB − 1,6 − −
Metal halide high-intensity discharge − 0,86 − 1
High-pressure sodium vapour − − − 0,8
High-pressure mercury vapour − − − 1,7
a EB: Electronic ballast.
b LLB: Low loss ballast.
c CB: Conventional ballast.
The effect of the space geometry shall be taken into account by applying the correction factor kR as a function
of the room index k from Table 3. Typical values of the room index for various usage profiles are given in
DIN V 18599-10. If the geometry of representative spaces is known in more detail, the room index can be
determined as follows:
aR × bR
k= (11)
h'R × (bR + aR )
where
aR is the depth of the space;
bR is the width of the space;
h'R is the difference between the height of the lighting level and the work plane as shown in Figure 4.
If the calculations result in a room index of less than 0,6, a value of k = 0,6 shall be used for simplified
calculations. Figure 4 shows how the value of h'R is determined.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure 4 — Determination of height h'R (schematic diagram)
Table 3 — Correction factor kR to account for the effect of the space geometry in relation to the room
index k
Correction factor kR
Illumination type Room index k
0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,25 1,5 2 2,5 3 4 5
Direct 1,08 0,97 0,89 0,82 0,77 0,68 0,63 0,58 0,55 0,53 0,51 0,48
Direct/indirect 1,3 1,17 1,06 0,97 0,90 0,79 0,72 0,64 0,58 0,56 0,53 0,53
Indirect 1,46 1,25 1,08 0,95 0,85 0,69 0,60 0,52 0,47 0,44 0,42 0,39
NOTE Intermediate values can be obtained by interpolation of the room index values.
5.4.2 Simplified utilization factor method
As an alternative to the method described in 5.4.1, the following method can be used to determine the specific
electrical evaluation power in relation to the floor area of the evaluation area.
k A × Em
pj = (12)
WF × η S × ηLB × ηR
where
pj is the electrical evaluation power in relation to the floor area for artificial lighting of the evaluation
area;
kA is the reduction factor to take into account the task area;
WF is the maintenance factor which, in accordance with DIN EN 12464-1, takes into account system
aging processes up to the time of the next maintenance;
ηS is the luminous efficacy of the light source and the associated operating devices used;
ηLB is the light output ratio (luminaire efficiency) of the type of luminaire used;
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
ηR is the utilization factor fromTable 4.
Equation (12) is an adaptation of the utilization factor method described in LiTG publication No. 3.5 [4]. The
characteristic parameters of the individual lamps and luminaires are given in the manufacturer's datasheets.
Utilization factors as a function of the illumination type, luminaire, space reflectance and room index are to be
found, for example, in LiTG publication No. 3.5 [12]. For simplified estimates, the utilization factors ηR for three
types of lighting (“direct”, “direct/indirect” and “indirect”) given in Table 4 can be used. The characteristic
parameter in this case is the relative luminous flux ϕu into the lower half-space of a luminaire. The values are
referred to the standard values of the light reflectance combination of the boundary surfaces of the space, i.e.
0,2 for floors, 0,5 for the walls and 0,7 for the ceiling. The values can be used for estimates for other
reflectances to facilitate the calculation procedures. If various types of luminaire are used in one and the same
evaluation area, the electrical evaluation powers shall be superimposed in relation to their numbers.
If no other value is calculated, a maintenance factor WF of 0,67 shall be assumed. This can be increased to
0,80 if lamps with only a slight decrease in luminous flux and low failure rate are used in luminaires that are
frequently cleaned and/or do not easily soil and these are located in very clean rooms. Where rooms and
luminaries are exposed to high amounts of dust and are cleaned only infrequently, and the lamps used have a
pronounced decrease in luminous flux and a high failure rate, the maintenance factor shall be reduced to a
value up to 0,50.
Table 4 — Utilization factors ηR as a function of the illumination type and the room index
Relative Utilization factor ηR

luminous flux
Illumination ϕu into the Room index k
type lower half-
space of the 0,6 0,8 1 1,25 1,5 2 2,5 3 4 5
luminaire
Direct ≥ 0,7 0,48 0,59 0,67 0,76 0,82 0,89 0,94 0,98 1,02 1,05
Direct/indirect 0,1 ≤ ϕu < 0,7 0,23 0,30 0,36 0,43 0,48 0,56 0,62 0,67 0,73 0,77
Indirect < 0,1 0,17 0,23 0,29 0,36 0,41 0,48 0,53 0,57 0,62 0,65
NOTE Intermediate values can be obtained by interpolation of the room index values.
5.4.3 Detailed engineering planning
Precise values of electrical evaluation power for the areas and/or zones being evaluated can be obtained by
detailed engineering planning work during the preparatory design stages. If lighting system plans are available,
the electrical evaluation power pj of the planned lighting system can be used directly.
5.4.4 Determination of the specific electrical evaluation power in existing buildings
When evaluating lighting systems in existing buildings, the actual installed power of the system pj,Ist can be
taken as the specific electrical evaluation power pj. Where rooms and lighting systems are similar, the installed
power determined in a single room can be used for all rooms in an evaluation area. The energy use for
lighting is subsequently determined in accordance with the principle of the balance calculations described in
5.1.
The system power of a luminaire is defined as the total electrical power of all lamp operating circuits in the
luminaire. For low-voltage halide lamps, the total power of the lamp operating circuit (lamp and transformer)
shall be taken. Similarly, the total power of the lamp operating circuit (lamp and ballast) shall be taken for
discharge lamps (e.g. fluorescent lamps or high-pressure or high-density discharge lamps).
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
A quick and simple way of determining the total power is to multiply the lamp power by the factors kBG given in
Table 5. The lamp power is generally printed on lamps or stated on the luminaires. The factor kBG is the
additional power consumption of the operating devices (transformers or ballast). In the case of fluorescent
lamps, CB and LLB can be regarded as equivalent.
If provided by the manufacturer, the precise details of the system power of the luminaires shall be used. The
system power may also be measured. It is also permitted to measure the total installed power of an evaluation
area.
The specific installed power required for lighting in an evaluation area in existing buildings, pj,Ist, is calculated
by means of the following equation:
Pj ,Ist
p j ,Ist = (13)
Aj
where
pj,Ist is the specific installed power required for lighting in the evaluation area j;
Pj,Ist is the sum of the system power of all luminaires in the evaluation area j;
Aj is the area of the evaluation area, j.
Table 5 gives the factor kBG by which to determine the power of a system from the power consumption of
lamps. The factors apply to mean lamp powers within the power range.
Table 5 — Factor kBG for determining the power of a system from the power consumption of lamps
Type of lamp Factor kBG
Low-voltage halide, with transformer 1,1

with EB 1,1
Fluorescent (tubular or compact)
with CB 1,3
Metal halide high-intensity dischargea with CB 1,1
High-pressure sodium (vapour)a with CB 1,1
High-pressure mercury (vapour)a with CB 1,1
a Data on the system powers of high-intensity or high-pressure lamps with EB shall be obtained from the manufacturer.
5.5 Daylight
In zones which have windows, some of the light required for carrying out visual tasks may be provided by
daylight. As a consequence, the illumination provided by daylight need not be provided by the artificial lighting
system.
The daylight available in the outdoor environment depends on the geographical location, the climatic boundary
conditions, the time of day and the season. Furthermore, the daylight supply in a building also depends on the
external building structure and surrounding buildings, spatial orientation and the parameters of the façades
and internal spaces (rooms). Since the daylight supply varies with the time of day and the season, the lighting
energy substitution potential is dynamic and therefore has a dynamic effect on the overall energy balance (for
heating and conditioning) of the building.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
The following method can be applied to evaluate and verify the effect of daylight supply on the lighting energy
demand on a monthly and on an annual basis. The method involves three stages:
⎯ subdividing the area to be evaluated into sections which receive daylight and those which do not;
⎯ classifying the daylight supply in the area receiving daylight according to parameters associated with the
construction of the building: external obstructions, façade parameters and indoor space parameters;
⎯ determining the proportion of the required light that is supplied in the form of daylight, as a function of the
classification of the daylight supply, the maintained illuminance, the type of control system and the
parameters of the façade system.
The partial-operation factor to account for illumination of an area j by daylight FTL,j is specified as:
FTL, j = 1 − C TL, Vers, j × C TL,kon , j (14)
where
CTL,Vers,j is the daylight supply factor as described in 5.5.1.2 or 5.5.2.2;
CTL,kon,j is the factor representing the effect of the daylight-responsive lighting control system as
described in 5.5.3.
The daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j accounts for the amount of illumination of the evaluation area j by daylight.
This factor describes the relative proportion of light needed for the visual task provided by daylight within the
reference time interval at the point where the illuminance is measured (control point). When determining this
factor, the illumination type control system shall be taken ito consideration. The factor corresponds to the
relative luminous exposure as specified in DIN 5034-3. The factor CTL,kon,j additionally accounts for the
efficiency of the lighting control system in using the available daylight to achieve the required exposure level in
the area j. The partial-operation factor to account for illumination of an area by daylight FTL,j can be
determined for any given time interval (e.g. year, month, hour).
The simple procedure described below can be used to determine FTL,j. Alternatively, other validated methods
(or procedures) which describe the relation between the energy need for lighting and the available daylight
can be used. Such methods shall provide calculations verifying the proportion of the required exposure which
can be provided by daylight during the reference time interval (detailed lighting engineering planning).
Figure 5 shows the simplified three-stage approach in schematic form.
⎯ Stage 1: Use a simple measurement criterion approximating the daylight factor in order to classify the
type of daylight supply on the basis of the geometrical parameters of the building zone being evaluated.
This uses a similar approach to the one used in the simplified calculation of the electrical power
requirements, by assuming a combination of standard reflectances, ρB = 0,2 for the floor, ρW = 0,5 for the
walls and ρD = 0,7 for the ceiling. The reflectance of the external surroundings is assumed to be 0,2.
Instead of using these approximations, a more precise determination of the daylight factor can be carried
out for more complicated space geometries and other reflectances.
⎯ Stage 2: Describe the façade characteristics.
⎯ Stage 3: Determine the annual amount of daylight available on the basis of the daylight supply
classification of the building zone and the façade characteristics. The monthly daylight supply is
determined by applying weighting factors to the annual daylight supply.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure 5 — Three-stage approach for determining the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j
5.5.1 Annual daylight supply with vertical façades
5.5.1.1 Classification of daylight supply
The amount of daylight available in an evaluation area j depends on the transparency index ITr,j, the room
depth index IRt,j and the obstruction index IV,j. These index values are determined as follows.
Transparency index ITr,j
The following equation is used to calculate the transparency index ITr,j:
ARb
I Tr, j = (15)
ATL
where
ARb is the area of the building carcass opening of the evaluation area;
ATL is the partial area which is illuminated by daylight as calculated by equation (8).
All areas below the work plane (e.g. 0,8 m above floor level in office spaces) are ignored when determining
ARb. The height of the work plane is given for individual usage profiles in DIN V 18599-10.
Room depth index IRt,j
The following equation is used to calculate the room depth index IRt,j:
aTL
I Rt, j = (16)
hSt − hNe
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Obstruction index IV,j
The obstruction index IV,j accounts for all effects which restrict the amount of incident daylight on the façade.
This includes obstruction by parts of the building itself, such as may occur due to overhangs and side fins,
inner courtyards and atrium arrangements. It also takes into consideration any reduction of incident light by
double glass façades. The obstruction index IV,j is calculated using the following equation:
IV,j = IV,lV × IV,hA × IV,vA × IV,In,At × IV,GDF (17)
where
IV,j is the obstruction index of the evaluation area j;
IV,lV is the correction factor for linear obstruction of the evaluation area as calculated using
equation (18);
IV,hA is the correction factor for an overhang of the evaluation area, as calculated using equation (19);
IV,vA is the correction factor for a side fin of the evaluation area, as calculated using equation (20);
IV,In,At is the correction factor for inner courtyard and atrium obstruction of the evaluation area, as
calculated using equation (22);
IV,GDF is the correction factor for double glass façades of the evaluation area, as calculated using
equation (23).
To facilitate the calculations, a window located at the centre of the area of façade being evaluated can be
used as the reference point for which the obstruction is calculated. If different forms and degrees of
obstruction affect the evaluation area, the mean value of the respective factors shall be calculated.
IV,lV, IV,hA,, IV,vA, IV,In,At and IV,GDF can be determined as follows:
Linear obstruction, correction factor IV,lV
Figure 6 — Effect of the angle of elevation of a linear obstruction γV,lV (schematic diagram)
The angle of elevation of a linear obstruction γV,lV is measured from the centre of the façade section being
evaluated for illumination aspects (on the plane of the external wall surface) as shown in Figure 6. The
following equation is used to calculate the correction factor which accounts for linear obstruction:
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
IV,lV = cos(1,5 × γV,lV) for γV,lV < 60°
IV,lV = 0 for γV,lV ≥ 60° (18)
where
γV,lV is the angle of elevation of a linear obstruction as shown in Figure 6.
Overhang, correction factor IV,hA
Figure 7 — Effect of the horizontal obstruction angle due to an overhang γV,hA (schematic diagram)
The horizontal obstruction angle γV,hA due to an overhang is measured from the centre of the façade section
being evaluated for illumination aspects (on the plane of the external wall surface) as shown in Figure 7. The
following equation is used to calculate the correction factor which accounts for obstruction by an overhang:
IV,hA = cos (1,33 × γV,hA,j) for γV,hA < 67,5°
IV,hA = 0 for γV,hA ≥ 67,5° (19)
where
γV,hA is the horizontal obstruction angle due to an overhang as shown in Figure 7.
Side fins, correction factor IV,vA
Figure 8 — Effect of the vertical obstruction angle γV,vA due to a side fin (schematic diagram)
The vertical obstruction angle γV,vA due to a side fin is measured from the centre of the façade section being
evaluated for illumination aspects (on the plane of the external wall surface) as shown in Figure 8. The
following equation is used to calculate the correction factor which accounts for obstruction by a side fin:
IV,vA = 1 – γV,vA,j /300° (20)
where
γV,vA is the vertical obstruction angle due to a side fin as shown in Figure 8.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Courtyards and atria, correction factor IV,In,At
There are very many different design variants for courtyards and atria. The present calculations are based on
an inner courtyard or atrium surrounded on all four sides by buildings. Better daylight supply can be expected
if only three or two sides of a courtyard are bordered by buildings. This can be calculated and verified using
separate, detailed calculation methods.
The geometry of an inner courtyard or atrium is characterized by a geometrical measurement criterion, the so-
called well index wi:
hIn,At × (aIn,At + bIn,At )

wi = (21)
2 × aIn,At × bIn,At
When determining the well index wi for an evaluation area, the height measured from the floor of the
evaluation area is considered to be the height of the courtyard or atrium.
In the above:
aIn,At is the depth of the courtyard or atrium;
bIn,At is the width of the courtyard or atrium;
hIn,At is the height of the courtyard or atrium, measured from the floor of the storey being evaluated;
wi is the well index used to account for the geometry of the courtyard or atrium.
Figure 9 — Geometrical parameters used to define the well index wi (notation)
The correction factor taking into account obstruction by inner courtyards or atria is:
IV,In,At = 1 – 0,85 wi for inner courtyards (22)
IV,In,At = τV,In,At,D65 × kV,In,At,1 × kV,In,At,2 × kV,In,At,3 × (1 – 0,85 wi) for atria
IV,In,At = 0 for wi > 1,18.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
where
τV,In,At,D65 is the light transmittance of the atrium glazing for vertical light incidence;
kV,In,At,1 is the frame factor in the atrium façade;
kV,In,At,2 is the dirt depreciation factor of the atrium glazing;
kV,In,At,3 is the reduction factor for diffuse light incidence on the atrium glazing (usually 0,85 is
considered to be adequate).
Double glass façade, correction factor IV,GDF
The correction factor for double glass façades bounding on the evaluation area is directly obtained from the
parameters of the additional glazing layer:
IV,GDF = τV,GDF,D65× kV,GDF,1× kV,GDF,2× kV,GDF,3 (23)
where
τV,GDF,D65 is the light transmittance of the external layer of glazing of the façade, for vertical light
incidence;
kV,GDF,1 is the frame factor in the double glass façade;
kV,GDF,2 is the dirt depreciation factor of the glazing of the double glass façade;
kV,GDF,3 is the reduction factor to take into account non-vertical light incidence on the glazing of the
façade (usually 0,85 is considered to be adequate).
The effects of vertical and horizontal subdivisions in the space between the two layers of double glass façades
can be approximated by treating these as overhangs and side fins with the index values IV,vA and IV,hA. It is
assumed that there is only negligible dirt in the space between the outer glazing and the inner façade in
double glass façades, so that it is usually adequate to take only the dirt deposited on the actual façade surface
into consideration (see also equation (27)). In this case, kV,GDF,2 = 1. The frame factor is calculated as follows:
area of structural components transparent area

kV, GDF,1, j = 1 − = (24)
area of building carcass opening area of building carcass opening
Only that part of the external façade glazing which is projected onto the transparent portions of the inner
façade is taken into consideration when calculating the factor kV,GDF,1.
Daylight factor of the building carcass opening
The index values ITr,j, IRt,j and IV,j can be used to calculate an approximate value for the daylight factor of the
evaluation area on the basis of the building carcass opening dimensions:
DRb,j = (4,13 + 20,0 × ITr,j – 1,36 IRt,j) IV,j, in % (25)
For combinations of large room depth index values IRt,j and low transparency index values ITr,j, equation (25)
may produce negative DRb,j values. In such cases DRb,j shall be assumed to be zero or shall be calculated by
a more detailed method. For simple estimates, daylight supply can be grouped into four classes as shown in
Table 6.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 6 — Daylight supply classification as a function of the daylight factor DRb,j of the building
carcass opening
Daylight factor DRb,j Classification of daylight supply
DRb,j ≥ 6 % strong
6 % > DRb,j ≥ 4 % medium
4 % > DRb,j ≥ 2 % low
DRb,j < 2 % none
If a daylight factor which has been calculated using another validated method is known, then this can be used
instead of the value calculated by equation (25) when classifying daylight supply according to Table 6. In this
case, the daylight factor of the building carcass opening shall be determined as the mean value of the daylight
measured on the axis running parallel to the respective façade section and at a distance of half the depth of
the area illuminated by daylight.
5.5.1.2 Daylight supply factor
The following section describes the characteristics of façades and specifies how daylight supply is determined
on the basis of the correlation of the daylight supply of the building area as specified in 5.5.1.1 with the façade
characteristics. The light passing through façade systems and the associated illumination of the space
bounded by them depends on the spatial and temporal distribution of the external luminance conditions in
relation to the façade element and the spatial distribution of the light by the façade system (i.e. its optical and
control characteristics). From the lighting-engineering aspect, two façade states are to be distinguished for
façades with variable solar radiation protection systems and/or glare protection systems:
⎯ solar radiation and/or glare protection system not activated, i.e. the sun is not shining on the façade;
⎯ solar radiation and/or glare protection system is activated, i.e. the sun is shining on the façade.
The daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j shall be determined using equation (26) to achieve temporal weighting of
the occurrence of two different façade states (i.e. either with activated solar radiation and/or glare protection or
with de-activated solar radiation and/or glare protection), dependent on orientation. Protection against solar
radiation and/or glare is activated as soon as direct sunlight shines on the façade (see DIN 5034-3).
The equation shown below is used to calculate the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j.
t TL,SNA, j t TL,SA, j
CTL, Vers, j = CTL, Vers,SNA, j + CTL, Vers,SA, j
t Tag, j t Tag, j (26)
= trel,TL,SNA, j CTL, Vers,SNA, j + trel,TL,SA, j CTL, Vers,SA, j
where
CTL,Vers,SNA,j is the daylight supply factor of the evaluation area j at times when the solar radiation
and/or glare protection system is not activated, as given in Table 9 or calculated using
equation (28);
CTL,Vers,SA,j is the daylight supply factor of the evaluation area j at times when the solar radiation
and/or glare protection system is activated, as given in Table 11 or calculated as
described in A.2;
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
tTL,SNA,j is the time during which the solar radiation and/or glare protection system is not activated;
tTL,SA,j is the time during which the solar radiation and/or glare protection system is activated;
trel,TL,SNA,j is the relative portion of the total operating time during which the solar radiation and/or
glare protection system is not activated (see Table 6);
trel,TL,SA,j is the relative portion of the total operating time during which the solar radiation and/or
glare protection system is activated (see Table 6);
For spaces with different orientations, the relative times trel,TL,SNA,j and trel,TL,SA,,j given in Table 7 shall be
assumed.
Table 7 — Relative times trel,TL,SNA,j and trel,TL,SA,j for de-activated and activated solar radiation and/or
glare protection systems, as a function of the façade orientation
Orientation
Relative time
South East/West North
trel,TL,SNA,j solar radiation and/or glare protection system not
0,67 0,8 1
activated
trel,TL,SA,j solar radiation and/or glare protection system
0,33 0,2 0
activated
If the obstruction index IV,j of an obstructed façade is less than 0,5, then the relative times trel,TL,SNA,,j and
trel,TL, SA,,j for a north-facing façade shall be used. Depending on the operating times of the evaluation area,
even north-facing façades may receive direct sunlight for limited periods. However, for simplified calculations
trel,TL,SNA,j is assumed to be 0, but this shall not give reason to assume that glare protection for north-facing
façades is unnecessary. Individual types of usage may make such protection necessary [2].
Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j for periods during which the solar radiation and/or glare protection
system is not activated
The following equation is used to calculate an approximate value of the effective light transmittance for
periods during which the solar radiation and/or glare protection system is not activated:
τeff,SNA,j = τD65,SNA × k1 × k2 × k3 (27)
where
τD65,SNA is the light transmittance of the façade glazing for vertical light incidence;
k1 is the frame factor, as calculated using equation (24);
k2 is the dirt depreciation factor of the glazing;
k3 is the reduction factor for non-vertical light incidence on the façade (usually 0,85 is
considered to be adequate).
If the transparent façade element to be evaluated comprises different components, the effective light
transmittance shall be weighted according to the relative proportion of the areas of the respective components.
When determining the obstruction index by applying equations (17) and (13), the effect of the outer glazing of
32
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
double glass façades shall be calculated separately. Table 8 shows typical values of the light
transmittanceτD65,SNA. Guidance on the dirt depreciation factor k2 is given in DIN V 18599-10. More precise
information on various dirt depreciation factors from an illumination aspect is given in DIN 5034-3. If the frame
factor k1 is not known, it shall be assumed to be 0,7.
Table 8 — Typical values of light transmittance τD65,SNA of transparent building components

(cf. DIN V 18599-2)
Type U g⊥ τe τD65,SNA
Single glazing 5,8 0,87 0,85 0,90

Double glazing 2,9 0,78 0,73 0,82
Triple glazing 2,0 0,70 0,63 0,75
Low-e glazing, double glazed 1,7 0,72 0,60 0,74
Low-e glazing, triple glazed 0,8 0,50 0,39 0,69
Low-e glazing, triple glazed 0,6 0,50 0,39 0,69
Solar protection glazing, double 1,3 0,48 0,44 0,59
The daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j is a function of the daylight supply, the maintained illuminance Em ,
the effective light transmittance of the façadeτeff,SNA,j with de-activated solar radiation and/or glare protection
system, and the façade orientation. Approximate values can be taken from Table 9. For maintained
illuminances Em ≤ 300 lx, the CTL,Vers,SNA,j values for Em = 300 lx shall be used. Correspondingly, for
maintained illuminances > 750 lx, the CTL,Vers,SNA,j values for Em = 750 lx shall be used.
33
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 9 — Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j as a function of the effective light transmittance of the
façade, daylight supply factor, maintained illuminance and façade orientation
Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j

τeff,SNA (a) South
% Lowa Mediuma Stronga
300 lx 500 lx 750 lx 300 lx 500 lx 750 lx 300 lx 500 lx 750 lx
<10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0,2 0,16 0,11 0,33 0,26 0,18 0,5 0,39 0,28
20 0,39 0,30 0,21 0,59 0,47 0,34 0,78 0,64 0,48
30 0,55 0,43 0,31 0,76 0,61 0,46 0,90 0,76 0,62
40 0,67 0,53 0,39 0,85 0,71 0,56 0,94 0,84 0,72
50 0,76 0,61 0,46 0,90 0,78 0,64 0,96 0,88 0,79
60 0,82 0,68 0,52 0,93 0,82 0,70 0,97 0,91 0,84
70 0,87 0,72 0,58 0,95 0,86 0,75 0,98 0,93 0,88
80 0,90 0,76 0,62 0,96 0,88 0,79 0,98 0,95 0,91
(b) East/West
τ eff,SNA
Lowa Mediuma Stronga
%
<10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0,17 0,14 0,09 0,29 0,22 0,15 0,44 0,34 0,24
20 0,34 0,26 0,18 0,52 0,41 0,29 0,72 0,58 0,43
30 0,48 0,38 0,27 0,69 0,55 0,41 0,86 0,72 0,57
40 0,60 0,47 0,34 0,80 0,66 0,50 0,92 0,80 0,67
50 0,69 0,55 0,41 0,87 0,73 0,58 0,95 0,85 0,74
60 0,76 0,62 0,47 0,91 0,78 0,64 0,96 0,89 0,80
70 0,82 0,67 0,52 0,93 0,82 0,70 0,97 0,91 0,84
80 0,86 0,72 0,57 0,95 0,85 0,74 0,98 0,93 0,87
(c) North
τ eff,SNA
%
<10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0,15 0,12 0,08 0,25 0,20 0,14 0,39 0,30 0,21
20 0,30 0,23 0,16 0,47 0,37 0,26 0,67 0,53 0,39
30 0,43 0,34 0,24 0,64 0,51 0,37 0,82 0,68 0,52
40 0,55 0,43 0,31 0,76 0,61 0,46 0,90 0,76 0,62
50 0,64 0,51 0,37 0,83 0,69 0,54 0,93 0,82 0,70
60 0,71 0,57 0,43 0,88 0,75 0,60 0,95 0,86 0,76
70 0,77 0,63 0,48 0,91 0,79 0,65 0,96 0,89 0,81
80 0,82 0,68 0,52 0,93 0,82 0,70 0,97 0,91 0,84
a The above values are based on the following daylight factors DRb,j of the building carcass opening:
– low: 3 %;
– medium: 5 %;
– strong: 8 %.
34
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
The following equation can be used to calculate the daylight supply factor as a function of the daylight factor
DRb:
⎡ 2 ⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎤
CTL, Vers,SNA, j = a1 ⎢ − 1⎥ + a2 ⎢ − 1⎥ (28)
−1,5 × DRb ×τ e ff, SNA, j × a 3 − 0,5 × DRb ×τ eff, SNA, j × a 3
⎣⎢ 1 + e ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢1 + e ⎦⎥
The function parameters a1 and a2 which depend on the illuminance Em are to be taken from Table 10.
Table 10 — Parameters a1 und a2 to be used in equation (28), as a function of the maintained

illuminance Em
Maintained illuminance Em
Parameter
300 lx 500 lx 750 lx
a1 0,89 0,58 0,26
a2 0,10 0,40 0,70
Values of the function parameter a3 which accounts for the façade orientation are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 — Parameter a3 to be used in equation (28) to account for the façade orientation
Orientation
Parameter
South East/West North
a3 1 0,85 0,75
For maintained illuminances Em of less than 300 lx, daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j values for
Em = 300 lx shall be used and for maintained illuminances Em of more than 750 lx, the CTL,Vers,SNA,j values
for Em = 750 lx shall be used.
35
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure 10 — Example of a set of functions to determine the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SNA,j as a
function of DRb and τeff,SNA,j according to equation (28) for Em = 500 lx and a south-facing façade
Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SA,j for periods during which the solar radiation and/or glare protection
system is activated
Compliance with regulations on the adequate provision of glare protection for the respective usage profile (e.g.
Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung [2]) shall be ensured. Light transmission through façades with activated solar
radiation and/or glare protection systems generally depends greatly on the façade orientation and the time of
day and year. Annex A.2 describes a method for determining CTL,Vers,SA,j. In simpler evaluations, system
solutions with activated solar radiation and/or glare protection systems can be classified as shown in Table 12.
Table 12 — System solutions (to be applied for the period trel,TL,SA,j)
System solutions (to be applied for the period trel,TL,SA,j) CTL,Vers,Sa,j
Glare protection only: Systems which provide glare protection in compliance with the
1 regulations applying to the respective usage profile (e.g. Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung 0,15
[2]). This includes manually operated venetian blindsa
Automatically operated solar radiation and/or glare protection systems: Solar and/or
glare protection systems which can be moved in relation to the amount of daylight
2 0,4
available. Venetian blinds which are automatically opened slightly after being lowered,
so that light transmittance is greater than that of the fully-closed blinds
3 Light-guiding systems 0,6
No solar radiation and/or glare protection
4 NOTE Only applicable for evaluation areas to which no special regulations or provisions 0,7
such as the Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung [2] apply.
a Venetian blinds and internal or external louvres are also dealt with in DIN V 18599-2.
Light-guiding system solutions, (row 3 of Table 12) can be assumed to include solutions of type 1 with
additional light-guiding functions:
36
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
⎯ Venetian blinds in cut-off operating mode: In the so-called “cut-off” mode, the louvres of the blinds are
directed in relation to the incident sunlight in such a way that direct sunlight is just prevented from passing
through, but diffuse daylight can enter. Furthermore, these systems generally permit visual contact to the
surroundings for a large part of the operating time. Appropriate control systems which move the louvres in
relation to the sun profile angle need to be installed. The sun profile angle is the projection of the altitude
angle of the sun onto a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the façade surface.
⎯ Light-guiding glass: Façade systems using glass components which transmit at least 30 % of the incident
sunlight into the upper quarter of the space when sunlight at an azimuth of less than 35° is received
normal to the components. As a general rule, not more than 1/3 of the transparent façade openings
should be equipped with such systems in order to prevent overheating of the respective space. Light-
guiding glass shall be combined with other solar radiation and/or glare protection systems installed in the
lower section of the façade. However, no solar radiation and/or glare protection systems shall be installed
in front of the light-guiding components described below.
⎯ Daylight-guiding external venetian blinds: These have diffuse surfaces and the louvres of the upper and
lower sections of the blinds are at different angles. The upper section of the blind shall not be more than
1/3 and not less than 1/4 of the total blind length and the system shall be equipped with control devices.
⎯ Daylight-guiding internal venetian blinds between glazing layers or in the gap of double glass façades:
These have highly-reflective or mirror-finished surfaces and the louvres of the upper and lower sections of
the blinds are at different angles. The upper section of the blind shall be not more than 1/3 and not less
than 1/4 of the total blind length and the system shall be equipped with control devices.
However, no solar radiation and/or glare protection systems shall be installed in front of the light-guiding
systems listed in Table 12.
5.5.2 Annual daylight supply through rooflights
As in the method applied for vertical façades, the first evaluation step for rooflights is to classify the daylight
supply. Then the daylight supply factors are determined for different maintained illuminance values, and
different orientations and slope angles of the glazed roof openings.
5.5.2.1 Classification of daylight supply
An approximate value of the mean daylight factor for spaces provided with rooflights can be calculated using
the following equation:
D j = Da × τ D 65 × k Obl,1 × k Obl,2 × k Obl,3 ×

∑ ARb × ηR in % (29)
ATL
where
ARb is the area of the rooflight openings (building carcass opening dimensions in roof);
ATL is the floor area which is illuminated by daylight in the evaluation area;
Da is the external daylight factor;
τD65 is the light transmittance of the diffusive rooflight glazing;
kObl,1 is the frame factor of the glazing;
kObl,2 is the dirt depreciation factor of the glazing;
37
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
kObl,3 is the reduction factor for non-vertical light incidence on the rooflight (usually 0,85 is considered
to be adequate);
ηR is the utilization factor according to Tables 15 and 16.
Equation (29) combines calculation steps 1 (daylight supply classification) and 2 (description of the façade
characteristics) according to Figure 5 in one single calculation step. This method is also applicable for
rooflights with transparent glazing. As a supplement to the typical values of light transmittance given in
Table 8, Table 13 contains a list of the values of light transmittance of components frequently used in
rooflights.
Table 13 — Typical values of light transmittance τD65, U and g of components frequently used in
rooflight construction
U
Type Construction and materialsa State g⊥ τD65
W/(m2·K)
PMMA solid sheet, single-shell clear 5,4 0,85 0,92
PMMA solid sheet, single-shell opal 5,4 0,80 0,83
PMMA solid sheet, double-shell clear/clear 2,7 0,78 0,80
Dome light
PMMA solid sheet, double-shell opal/clear 2,7 0,72 0,73

PMMA solid sheet, double-shell opal/opal 2,7 0,64 0,59
clear, IR-
PMMA solid sheet, double-shell 2,7 0,32 0,47
reflectingb
PMMA solid sheet, triple-shell opal/opal/clear 1,8 0,64 0,60
PC-/PETG solid sheet, single-shell clear 5,4 0,75 0,88
PC ribbed double-wall sheet, 8 mm (PC-SDP8) clear 3,3 0,81 0,81
PC ribbed double-wall sheet, 8 mm (PC-SDP8) opal 3,3 0,70 0,62
PC ribbed double-wall sheet, 10 mm (PC-SDP10) clear 3,1 0,85 0,80
PC ribbed double-wall sheet, 10 mm (PC-SDP10) opal 3,1 0,70 0,50
PC ribbed four-wall sheet, 10 mm (PC-S4P10) opal 2,5 0,59 0,50
Continiuous rooflight
PC ribbed triple-wall sheet, 16 mm (PC-S3P16) clear 2,4 0,69 0,72

PC ribbed triple-wall sheet, 16 mm (PC-S3P16) opal 2,4 0,55 0,48
PC ribbed five-wall sheet, 16 mm (PC-S5P16) opal 1,9 0,52 0,45
PC ribbed six-wall sheet, 16 mm (PC-S6P16) opal 1,85 0,47 0,42
PC ribbed five-wall sheet, 20 mm (PC-S5P20) clear 1,8 0,70 0,64
PC ribbed five-wall sheet, 20 mm (PC-S5P20) opal 1,8 0,46 0,44
PC ribbed six-wall sheet, 25 mm (PC-S6P25) clear 1,45 0,67 0,62
PC ribbed six-wall sheet, 25 mm (PC-S6P25) opal 1,45 0,46 0,44
PMMA ribbed double-wall sheet, 16 mm
clear 2,5 0,82 0,86
(PMMA-SDP16)
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 13 (continued)
U
Type Construction and materialsa State g⊥ τD65
W/(m2·K)
opal 2,5 0,73 0,74
(PMMA-SDP16)
IRb-reflecting 2,5 0,40 0,50
Continuous rooflight
(PMMA-SDP16)
PMMA ribbed four-wall sheet, 32 mm (PMMA-
clear 1,6 0,71 0,76
S4P32)
PMMA ribbed four-wall sheet, 32 mm PMMA- clear, IRb-
1,6 0,50 0,45
S4P32) reflecting
PMMA ribbed four-wall sheet, 32 mm (PMMA-
opal 1,6 0,60 0,64
S4P32)
PMMA ribbed four-wall sheet, 32 mm (PMMA- opal, IR-
1,6 0,30 0,40
S4P32) reflectingb
glazing
Double-layer LSGc 2,7 0,63 0,76

head
Over
Double-layer LSGc with thermal insulation function silver 1,1 0,51 0,70
a Materials and their designations:
PC = polycarbonate
PETG = glycolized polyethylene terephthalate
PMMA = polymethyl methacrylate
b IR = infrared
c LSG = laminated safety glass
The external daylight factor Da is defined as:
EF
Da = in % (30)
Ea
where
EF is the illuminance on the external surface of the rooflight from an overcast sky;
Ea is the horizontal external illuminance from an overcast sky.
The frame factor kObl,1 can be determined using equation (24). The structural parts of dome lights include the
upstands. Thus kObl,1 is the ratio of the area AFs = as × bs through which light can pass, i.e. the top opening of
the upstand, minus the area of other opaque parts of the domes or continuous rooflights, to the
area ARb = aRb × bRb of the building carcass roof opening as shown in Figure 11.
As opposed to this, the area of the building carcass roof opening for rooflights in sawtooth roofs (sheds) does
not correspond to the area of the roof plane occupied by the shed structure, as shown in Figure 12. For these,
the building carcass opening area in the roof is ARb = hG × bRb, where hG is the height of the rooflight opening
and bRb is the width of the rooflight opening. The frame factor kObl,1 accounts for other, opaque, parts of the
rooflight structure within the opening defined in this way.
Table 14 lists external daylight factors Da for a floor reflectance ρB of 0,2 and various slope angles of shed
rooflights.
39
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 14 — External daylight factor Da as a function of the façade slope γF for a floor reflectance
ρB of 0,2 (without taking obstruction into account)
Slope γF Da = EF/Ea
Degrees %
0 100
30 92
45 83
60 72
90 50
The utilization factor ηR is calculated on the basis of the room index as determined using equation (11) and
the type of rooflight. When determining the room index, the value of h'R is the difference between the ceiling
height and the height of the work plane. The height of the work plane is given for individual usage profiles in
DIN V 18599-10. A distinction is made between the dome lights shown in Figure 11 and the shed rooflights
shown in Figure 12. Continuous rooflights are treated as a special dome light design. For continuous rooflights
with a side ratio as/bs of more than 5, the utilization factors stated for ratio as/bs = 5 shall be assumed.
Tables 15 and 16 show utilization factors for different types of dome and shed rooflight geometries.
Figure 11 — Notation used to describe the geometry of the upstands of spaces

with dome lights and continuous rooflights
Figure 12 — Notation used to describe the geometry of rooflights in sawtooth roofs (sheds)
40
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 15 — Dome light utilization factors ηR, as a function of the room index k and the geometry
parameters of the upstand design
as/bs 1 2 5 1 2 5
hs/bs 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,5 0,5 0,5
γw 30° 60° 90° 30° 60° 90° 30° 60° 90° 30° 60° 90° 30° 60° 90° 30° 60° 90°
k ηR
0,6 0,40 0,41 0,38 0,40 0,40 0,39 0,41 0,41 0,40 0,40 0,41 0,36 0,40 0,41 0,37 0,42 0,43 0,39
0,8 0,53 0,54 0,50 0,53 0,54 0,51 0,54 0,55 0,52 0,53 0,55 0,46 0,53 0,55 0,49 0,55 0,57 0,51
1,0 0,59 0,60 0,56 0,59 0,60 0,57 0,60 0,61 0,59 0,60 0,61 0,51 0,60 0,61 0,54 0,62 0,66 0,56
1,25 0,68 0,69 0,64 0,68 0,69 0,66 0,69 0,70 0,67 0,69 0,69 0,58 0,69 0,70 0,62 0,71 0,72 0,64
1,5 0,75 0,75 0,69 0,75 0,75 0,71 0,76 0,76 0,72 0,76 0,75 0,63 0,76 0,76 0,67 0,78 0,78 0,69
2,0 0,83 0,83 0,77 0,83 0,83 0,79 0,84 0,84 0,80 0,84 0,82 0,69 0,84 0,83 0,73 0,87 0,85 0,75
2,5 0,89 0,88 0,81 0,89 0,88 0,84 0,90 0,89 0,85 0,90 0,87 0,73 0,90 0,88 0,77 0,92 0,90 0,79
3,0 0,93 0,92 0,85 0,93 0,92 0,87 0,94 0,93 0,88 0,94 0,90 0,76 0,94 0,91 0,81 0,96 0,93 0,86
4,0 0,98 0,96 0,90 0,98 0,97 0,92 0,99 0,98 0,93 0,99 0,95 0,80 0,98 0,96 0,85 1,00 0,98 0,87
5,0 1,02 1,00 0,92 1,02 1,00 0,95 1,03 1,01 0,96 1,02 0,97 0,82 1,02 0,99 0,87 1,04 1,01 0,89
41
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table 16 — Utilization factors ηR of rooflights in sawtooth roofs (sheds),

as a function of the room index and the geometry parameters
hG/hW 1 0,5
γF 30 45 60 90 30 45 60 90
γw 30° 45° 60° 75° 45° 30° 45° 60° 75° 30° 45° 60° 75° 30° 45° 60° 75° 45° 30° 45° 60° 75° 30° 45° 60° 75°
k ηR
0,6 0,39 0,39 0,41 0,40 0,37 0,34 0,35 0,36 0,35 0,29 0,30 0,31 0,31 0,38 0,39 0,39 0,40 0,36 0,33 0,34 0,35 0,36 0,29 0,29 0,30 0,30
0,8 0,51 0,52 0,53 0,50 0,49 0,44 0,45 0,46 0,44 0,37 0,39 0,39 0,38 0,50 0,51 0,52 0,51 0,48 0,43 0,44 0,45 0,44 0,37 0,37 0,38 0,38
1,0 0,57 0,58 0,58 0,55 0,55 0,50 0,52 0,51 0,49 0,44 0,45 0,45 0,44 0,56 0,57 0,57 0,56 0,53 0,49 0,50 0,51 0,50 0,43 0,44 0,44 0,44
1,25 0,66 0,66 0,65 0,62 0,62 0,58 0,59 0,58 0,55 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,49 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,64 0,61 0,57 0,58 0,58 0,56 0,50 0,51 0,50 0,50
1,5 0,72 0,72 0,71 0,67 0,68 0,64 0,64 0,63 0,60 0,56 0,56 0,56 0,54 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,69 0,67 0,62 0,63 0,63 0,61 0,55 0,56 0,55 0,55
2,0 0,80 0,79 0,77 0,73 0,75 0,72 0,71 0,69 0,66 0,64 0,63 0,62 0,60 0,79 0,79 0,78 0,76 0,75 0,71 0,71 0,70 0,68 0,62 0,63 0,62 0,61
2,5 0,85 0,84 0,81 0,77 0,80 0,77 0,76 0,73 0,70 0,69 0,68 0,66 0,64 0,84 0,84 0,83 0,80 0,80 0,76 0,76 0,75 0,72 0,68 0,68 0,67 0,65
3,0 0,88 0,88 0,84 0,80 0,83 0,81 0,79 0,76 0,72 0,72 0,71 0,69 0,67 0,88 0,88 0,86 0,83 0,84 0,80 0,80 0,78 0,75 0,72 0,71 0,70 0,68
4,0 0,94 0,92 0,88 0,84 0,87 0,85 0,83 0,80 0,76 0,77 0,75 0,73 0,70 0,93 0,93 0,91 0,87 0,88 0,85 0,84 0,82 0,79 0,77 0,76 0,75 0,72
5,0 0,97 0,95 0,91 0,87 0,90 0,89 0,86 0,82 0,78 0,80 0,78 0,75 0,73 0,97 0,96 0,93 0,90 0,92 0,89 0,88 0,85 0,81 0,80 0,79 0,77 0,75
42
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Daylight supply is classified according to the criteria shown in Table 17.
Table 17 — Classification of daylight supply as a function of the daylight factor D j
Measurement criterion Daylight supply classification

7 ≤ Dj a
strong
4 ≤ Dj < 7 % medium
2 ≤ Dj < 4 % low
0 ≤ Dj < 2 % none
a Here, in accordance with DIN 5034-6, values of Dj > 10 % should be avoided due to the danger of overheating.
If a daylight factor which has been calculated using another validated method is known, this can be used
instead of the value calculated by equation (29) when classifying daylight supply according to Table 17. In this
case, the daylight factor is to be determined as the mean value over the work plane.
5.5.2.2 Daylight supply factor
For simplified evaluations, the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j can be taken from Table 18. Any movable solar
protection devices which may be fitted are not taken into consideration here. Where maintained illuminances
Em are less than 300 lx, daylight supply factors of CTL,Vers,j for Em = 300 lx shall be used, and where Em is
greater than 750 lx, the CTL,Vers,j values for Em = 750 lx shall be used.
Table 18 — Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j of spaces with rooflights as a function of the daylight
supply classification and the maintained illuminance for façades with different orientations and slopes
Classification of daylight supply

Ēm
Orientation 300 lx 500 lx 750 lx 300 lx 500 lx 750 lx 300 lx 500 lx 750 lx
Surface CTL,Vers,j
slope
Horizontal 0° 0,88 0,78 0,66 0,95 0,89 0,82 0,97 0,94 0,90
30° 0,85 0,73 0,62 0,94 0,87 0,79 0,96 0,93 0,88
45° 0,81 0,68 0,57 0,91 0,83 0,74 0,95 0,91 0,84
South
60° 0,75 0,61 0,51 0,88 0,77 0,67 0,93 0,86 0,78
90° 0,56 0,44 0,35 0,72 0,59 0,49 0,83 0,70 0,60
30° 0,84 0,71 0,58 0,93 0,86 0,77 0,96 0,93 0,87
45° 0,78 0,63 0,50 0,91 0,81 0,70 0,95 0,90 0,82
East/West
60° 0,70 0,53 0,41 0,87 0,74 0,60 0,93 0,85 0,75
90° 0,46 0,33 0,24 0,67 0,50 0,38 0,81 0,65 0,51
30° 0,82 0,69 0,55 0,93 0,85 0,75 0,95 0,92 0,86
45° 0,76 0,59 0,45 0,90 0,80 0,67 0,95 0,89 0,81
North
60° 0,66 0,45 0,31 0,85 0,71 0,54 0,92 0,83 0,72
90° 0,38 0,23 0,15 0,63 0,41 0,28 0,78 0,60 0,42
a The following daylight factors DRb,j of the building carcass opening were used to calculate these values:
– low: 3 %;
– medium: 5,5 %;
– strong: 8,5 %.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
5.5.3 Daylight-responsive control systems
The effects taken into consideration here relate to the characteristics of the artificial lighting controls deployed
to supplement the available daylight in order to achieve the required illuminance. Control systems which
control or regulate the transmission of light through the façades are not discussed here. The approximate
effects of the latter type of system are included in the evaluations described in 5.5.1.2.
The correction factor CTL,kon,j for daylight-responsive control systems is a function of:
a) the type of control involved;
b) the daylight supply classification of the zone;
c) the maintained illuminance Em .
Artificial lighting control systems are distinguished according to whether they are:
⎯ controlled manually or
⎯ controlled automatically in order to adjust the artificial light intensity according to daylight supply.
An additional distinction is made between the following:
i) systems which are daylight-responsive (“on/off”) and turn off the artificial lighting when the
maintained illuminance is achieved by daylight at the point where the luminance is measured.
The artificial lighting is switched on again automatically when the maintained illuminance is no
longer achieved by daylight1);
ii) systems which are daylight-responsive and turn on or off in stages (“on/off in stages”). The
artificial lighting is switched off in stages until the maintained illuminance is achieved by daylight
at the point where the luminance is measured. The artificial lighting is switched on again
automatically in stages when the maintained illuminance is no longer achieved by daylight;
iii) systems which are daylight-responsive and turn off the artificial lighting (“daylight-responsive
off”). The artificial lighting is switched off when the maintained illuminance is achieved by
daylight at the point where the luminance is measured. The artificial lighting has to be turned on
again manually2);
iv) systems which are daylight-responsive and dim the artificial lighting without switching it off, then
turn on again (“dimmed, stand-by losses, switch-on”). The artificial lighting is dimmed to the
lowest level during usage periods (periods with adequate daylight) without being switched off (i.e.
it uses electrical power (“stand-by losses”)). The artificial lighting system is turned on again
automatically;
v) systems which are daylight-responsive, and dim the artificial lighting. It is switched off and turned
on again (“dimmed, no stand-by losses, switch-on”). The artificial lighting is dimmed to the
lowest level during usage periods (periods with adequate daylight) and switched off (i.e. no
electrical power is used). The artificial lighting system is turned on again automatically;
1) Experience has shown that users switch off such systems due to the fact that the artificial lighting is continually being
turned on and off.
2) Such systems can make a great contribution to energy conservation. However, the behaviour of the users of such
systems varies so that it cannot be ensured that the lighting requirements for working spaces are satisfied.
44
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
vi) systems which are daylight-responsive and dim the artificial lighting but do not switch it off or
turn it on again (“dimmed, stand-by losses, no switch-on”). As system iv), except that the artificial
lighting system is not turned on again automatically2);
vii) systems which are daylight-responsive and dim and switch off the artificial lighting (“dimmed, no
stand-by losses, no switch-on”). As system vi), except that the artificial lighting system is not
turned on again automatically2).
The types of control can be operated as stand-alone systems or integrated in installation bus systems or
building management systems.
Correction factors CTL,kon,j are given in Table 19.
Table 19 — Correction factor CTL,kon,j to account for the effect of daylight-responsive control systems
in a zone n, as a function of the maintained illuminance Em and the daylight supply classification
CTL,kon,j as a function of daylight supply

Type of Type of
control system Low Medium Strong
Manual i) 0,50 0,47 0,44 0,55 0,52 0,49 0,60 0,57 0,54
No total
ii), iii),
switch- 0,65 0,70 0,73 0,70 0,73 0,75 0,73 0,75 0,76
iv)
Dim- off
med Total
switch- v) 0,71 0,74 0,76 0,77 0,78 0,79 0,81 0,81 0,81
off
Generally speaking, ”on/off” systems (i)) are not accepted by users and are deactivated after a short period of
time. They shall be treated in the same way as the manual type of control. However, switching the artificial
lighting on and off in stages ii) may be particularly suitable for large interior spaces such as those in factory
buildings, for example. Switching the artificial lighting in such spaces on and off in stages shall be treated in
the same way as a dimmed system without total switch-off (iv)). Systems which are daylight-responsive and
turn off the artificial lighting shall also be treated in the same way as dimmed systems without total switch-off
iv). It has been shown in practice that dimmed systems vi) and vii), that are not automatically switched on
again when the maintained illuminance is no longer reached, are to be evaluated more favourably than
systems iv) and v) which automatically adjust the artificial lighting back to the prescribed maintained
illuminance. For systems vi) and vii), the correction factor CTL,kon,j can be increased by weighting the
associated systems with switch-on (iv) and v)) with a factor of 1,1.
5.5.4 Monthly evaluation method
Monthly partial-operation factors to account for illumination by daylight FTL,j,i can be determined from the
calculated annual daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j:
⎧1 − vMonat,i × CTL,Vers, j × CTL,kon, j for vMonat,l × CTL,Vers, j × CTL,kon, j < 1

FTL, j,i = ⎨ (31)
⎩0 otherwise
where
vMonat,i is the monthly distribution key factor for weighting the value of CTL,Vers,j.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
The distribution key factors vMonat,i for vertical façades are given in Table 20. Since light-guiding systems are
based on the deflection or guidance of direct light, which is more available in the summer months, separate
distribution key factors as a function of the orientation are given for such systems. Table 21 shows the values
for spaces equipped with rooflights. In the summer months, daylight supply may account for 100 % of the
required illumination. This means that no supplementary artificial lighting is required during this period. Since
the product CTL,Vers,j CTL,kon,j is weighted by monthly key factors, the differences between (vMonat,l CTL, Vers,j
CTL,kon,j – 1) and ∆CTL,Vers,j shall be added together for all months during which vMonat,l CTL, Vers,j CTL,kon,j is
greater than 1. ∆CTL,Vers,j shall be equally divided up among all months during which vMonat,l CTL, Vers,j
CTL,kon,j is less than 1. Where necessary, an iteration procedure shall be applied.
Table 20 — Monthly distribution key factors vMonat,i for vertical façades
Month i
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Façade system
Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
vMonat,i
Light-guiding
systems according
0,67 0,89 1,06 1,18 1,25 1,28 1,26 1,20 1,08 0,92 0,72 0,46
to Table 12, south-
facing
Light-guiding
systems according
0,74 0,92 1,06 1,16 1,22 1,24 1,22 1,16 1,06 0,93 0,75 0,54
to Table 11, facing
East or West
Others 0,85 0,97 1,06 1,12 1,16 1,17 1,15 1,11 1,04 0,94 0,81 0,66
Table 21 — Monthly distribution key factors vMonat,i for rooflights
Month i
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
vMonat,i
0,74 0,92 1,06 1,16 1,22 1,24 1,22 1,16 1,06 0,93 0,75 0,54
5.6 Occupancy (presence)
The occupancy, i.e. relative number of persons, in a zone can be accounted for by applying the partial-
operation factor
FPr ä, j = 1 − C A, j × CPr ä,kon , j (31)
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
where
CA,j is the relative number of absentees in the evaluation area j, as specified in DIN V 18599-10;
CPrä,kon,j is the factor describing the efficiency of presence detection systems in detecting absenteeism
in the evaluation area j.
Values of the correction factor CPrä,kon,j are given in Table 22. DIN V 18599-10 specifies values of the relative
number of absentees CA,j for various usage profiles.
Table 22 — Factor CPrä,kon,j to account for the efficiency of presence detection systems
Space CPrä,kon,j
Without presence sensors 0,5

With presence sensors and for spaces with
CA ≥ 0,9 except in zones with utilization No. 16
0,95
in DIN V 18599-10, Table A.16, toilets and
sanitary facilities in non-residential buildings
In the case of individual workplace lighting (localized lighting), FPrä,j is determined in the same way as for
personal offices (i.e. with a single occupant).
47
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Annex A
(normative)
Reduction factor kA to take into account the relative proportion of the

area needed for the visual task
A.1 General
When calculating the mean maintained illuminance Em , a reduction factor kA may be applied to allow for the
fact that, with some types of usage, only part of the total area of a space is used as the task area. As
explained in DIN EN 12464-1, the specified maintained illuminance Em only needs to be available within the
task area and its immediate surroundings; it is designated EU for the surroundings. DIN V 18599-10 contains
values of the reduction factor kA for various usage profiles. If it is not possible to apply one of the standard
usage profiles to the building zone being evaluated, the reduction factor shall be calculated using equations
(A.1) and (A.2).
The proportion bf of the total floor area A of the space under evaluation occupied by the task area AS is
specified as
A
bf = S (A.1)
A
where
AS is the task area.
The reduction factor kA is calculated as follows:
EU
k A = bf + (1 − bf ) × (A.2)
Em
where
Ēm is the maintained illuminance for the actual task area;
ĒU is the maintained illuminance for the immediate surroundings of the task area.
Figure A.1 illustrates the corresponding reference areas, AS in which the maintained illuminance Em is
required and AU, on which the maintained illuminance EU is required. For simplified calculations, it may be
assumed that AU is the entire section of the total floor area not occupied by AS. If it is not possible to
determine what proportion of the area is needed as the task area, then AS shall be assumed to be equal to the
total floor area of the space.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure A.1 —Task area AS and immediate surrounding area AU

(schematic diagram)
A.2 Detailed calculation of CTL,Vers,Sa,j

Illumination of spaces by daylight entering through the façades depends both on the spatial and temporal
distribution of the external luminance conditions in relation to the façade as well as on the spatial distribution
of the light by the façade. In façades with variable components, transmission and the spatial distribution of the
light within the space are a function not only of the optical properties of the components, but also of the way
the façade components are controlled. The effective light transmittance τeff,SA,n which applies to a specific
period and specific structural conditions is the ratio of the quantity of light transmitted in that period to the
amount of incident light on the outside of the element and shall generally be determined in detail for the
respective building or zone using calculations which model the optical and control-technology-related façade
characteristics as well as the external luminance conditions.
It is also admissible to determine the effective light transmittance of the combination of glazing and solar
radiation and/or glare protection devices (designated τeff,SA,n in this calculation method) using the values
given in Table A.1 or the calculations described in DIN EN 13363-1, DIN EN 13363-2 and DIN EN 410 and
using verified values of the thermal and optical characteristics as stated by the manufacturer for a specific
object under the same boundary conditions (guaranteed manufacturer’s data). evaluation of the solar and/or
glare protection devices to determine the total energy light transmittance according to this document shall on
all accounts be carried out under the same boundary conditions as evaluation of the solar protection devices
from the energy aspect as described in DIN V 18599-2. If values from Table A.1 are used, the corresponding
values from the tables shall be used both for the evaluations described in this document and in the
evaluations described in DIN V 18599-2.
In all cases, compliance with the regulations concerning provision of adequate glare protection in connection
with the respective usage profile shall be ensured. This may lead to situations in which the installation of
certain types of solar protection systems is prohibited due to glare protection requirements.
In the case of venetian blinds, a 45° louvre angle can generally be assumed when calculating CTL,Vers,Sa,j, by
the method described in DIN V 18599-2. If closed louvres (10° setting) are to be assumed on the basis of
documented data in order to be able to take a more favourable total energy light transmittance gtot into
account in the calculations described in DIN V 18599-2, then the closed louvre position shall also be assumed
for lighting calculations.
For special light-guiding façade components as listed in Table 12 and for which no separate calculations can
be carried out, the following assumptions may be applied:
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
⎯ system solution 3 a): for venetian blinds operated in “cut-off” mode, the values of τeff,SA,j stated for 45°
louvre angles, weighted with a factor of 1,5, may be used;
⎯ system solution 3 b): for daylight-guiding external venetian blinds, the typical cut-off mode values as
defined above for 3 a) may be used for the light-guiding part of the blinds;
⎯ system solutions 3 c) and 3 d): for the light-guiding glazing listed in 5.5.1.2 and the highly-polished mirror-
surface or coated venetian blinds in combination with thermal insulation glazing, a value of τeff,SA,j = 0,45
can be assumed; for all other types of glazing, the values provided by manufacturers in the data specific
to each object shall be used.
Since system solutions 3 b) and 3 c) are not usually implemented with the light-guiding function extending
over the entire height of the façade, the values shall be calculated in relation to the other individual façade
system components, weighted according to the respective proportions of the total area which they occupy.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table A.1 —Typical effective light transmittance τeff,SA of various types of solar radiation protection and/or glare protection systems (cf. DIN V 18599-2)
External protection against solar radiation Internal protection against solar radiation
and/or glare and/or glare
Internal
Characteristic values, without External venetian External venetian Internal venetian
Vertical venetian Textile roller
protection against solar blinda,c blinda,c d blinda,e Filmf
Type of glazing sunshade blinda,e blindd
radiation and/or glare (closed) (45° setting) (closed)
(45° setting)
trans-
white dark grey white dark grey whiteb grey white light grey white light grey white greyb
parenta
U g⊥ τe τD65 τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa
Single glazing 5,8 0,87 0,85 0,90 0,04 0,01 0,20 0,04 0,15 0,07 0,04 0,02 0,20 0,09 0,09 0,26 0,03
Double glazing 2,9 0,78 0,73 0,82 0,04 0,0 0,19 0,04 0,14 0,07 0,04 0,02 0,19 0,09 0,08 0,24 0,03
Triple glazing 2,0 0,70 0,63 0,75 0,04 0,0 0,18 0,03 0,14 0,06 0,04 0,01 0,18 0,08 0,08 0,23 0,02
Low-e glazing, double glazed 1,7 0,72 0,60 0,74 0,04 0,0 0,18 0,03 0,13 0,06 0,04 0,01 0,18 0,08 0,08 0,22 0,02
Low-e glazing, triple glazed 0,8 0,50 0,39 0,69 0,04 0,0 0,17 0,03 0,13 0,06 0,04 0,01 0,17 0,07 0,08 0,21 0,01
Low-e glazing, triple glazed 0,6 0,50 0,39 0,69 0,04 0,0 0,17 0,03 0,13 0,06 0,04 0,01 0,17 0,07 0,08 0,21 0,01
Solar protection glazing, double 1,3 0,48 0,44 0,59 0,04 0,0 0,16 0,03 0,12 0,05 0,04 0,01 0,16 0,07 0,08 0,19 0,01
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Table A.1 (continued)
External protection against solar radiation Internal protection against solar radiation
and/or glare and/or glare
Internal
Characteristic values, External venetian External venetian Internal venetian
Vertical venetian Textile roller Filmf
without protection against blinda,c blinda,c blinda,e
solar radiation and/or glare sunshaded blinda,e blindd
Type of glazing (closed) (45° setting) (closed)
(45° setting)
trans-
white dark grey white dark grey whiteb grey white light grey white light grey white greyb
parenta
U g⊥ τe τD65 τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa τeff,Sa
Light transmittance τ of solar

0 0 0 0 0,16 0,08 0 0 0 0 0,09 0,28 0,03
protection
Reflectance ρ of solar protection 0,84 0,065 0,84 0,065 0,56 0,15 0,84 0,47 0,84 0,47 0,86 0,39 0,75
a Venetian blinds correspond to louvres.
b Whether these solar radiation/glare protection systems provide adequate glare protection in compliance with the applicable regulations shall be investigated in each individual case.
c Calculation in accordance with DIN EN 13363-2, with a louvre spacing of 72 mm, louvre width 80 mm, solar radiation angle of elevation 30°, closed setting 10°;
weighting: τ = 0,85 × τdir + 0,15 × τdif
d Calculated in accordance with DIN EN 13363-1.

e Calculation in accordance with DIN EN 13363-2, with a louvre spacing of 22 mm, louvre width 25 mm, solar radiation angle of elevation 30°, closed setting 10°;
weighting: τ = 0,85 × τdir + 0,15 × τdif
f Calculated in accordance with DIN EN 410.
The evaluation method used here assumes that, from the lighting-engineering aspect, the effect of the solar radiation protection systems listed does not depend on their
position (inside or outside) in relation to the glazing layers.
52
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
When evaluating the effect of the façade systems on the illumination, the distribution of the light in the
evaluation area shall be taken into account. This can be done in a simplified form by evaluating two separate
spatial components of τeff,SA,j as illustrated in Figure A.2.
τ eff,Sa, j = τ eff,u,SA + τ eff,o,SA (A.3)
where
τeff,u,SA is the effective light transmittance into the lower quarter-space when protection against solar
radiation and/or glare is activated;
τeff,o,SA is the effective light transmittance into the upper quarter-space when protection against solar
radiation and/or glare is activated.
Figure A.2 — Effective light transmittances τeff,u,SA into the lower quarter-space and τeff,o,SA into the
upper quarter-space (schematic diagram)
The distribution key factor
τ eff,o,SA
VSa, j = (A.4)
τ eff,u,SA
can be used to describe the ratio of the luminous flux transmitted into the upper half of the space to the
luminous flux transmitted into the lower half of the evaluation area. Typical values of this distribution key for
various types of protection against solar radiation and/or glare are given in Table 11. These values apply to
south-facing vertical façades, but may also be used for other orientations.
Table A.2 — Typical values of the distribution key factor vSa,j for various types of façade components
Façade component type vSa,j
Clear glazing including thermal insulation and solar protection glazing, transparent solar
0,2
protection systems (films)
Glazing, shades and transparent roller blinds which are almost ideally diffusive 0,9
closed 2
Conventional venetian blinds
45° 0,7
Light-guiding venetian blinds, (highly-polished mirror-finished or coated) and light-guiding
1,5
glazing as described in 5.5.1.2.
53
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
If a façade system is constructed using l individual components, the effective light transmittance τeff,Sa,j and
the distribution key factor vSa,j shall be calculated on the basis of the characteristic values of the components
and the relative proportions of the total area made up by these individual components:
l
1
τ eff,SA, j =
ARb
× ∑ Ai × τ eff,SA,i (A.5)
i =1
I v
∑ Ai × τ eff,SA,i × 1 +SA, i
vSA,i
i =1
vSA, j = (A.6)
I
1
∑ Ai × τ eff,SA,i ×
1 + vSA,i
i =1
where
l
∑ Ai = ARb (A.7)
i =1
By inserting the value of the effective light transmittance τeff,Sa,j for activated solar radiation and/or glare
protection and the distribution key factor vSA,j into equation (A.8), an approximate value of the factor
C’TL,Vers,SA as a function of the façade system with activated solar radiation and/or glare protection can be
calculated:
⎡ 2 ⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎤
C ' TL, Vers,SA, j = 0,9 ⎢ − 1⎥ + 0,1 ⎢ − 1⎥ (A.8)
− f ( v SA )×τ eff, SA − g ( vSA )×τ eff, SA
⎣⎢1 + e ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ 1 + e ⎥⎦
with
f (vSA ) = 17 × a1 vSA − 2 (A.9)
g (vSA ) = 4 + 0,13 × (a1 vSA − 0,2) (A.10)
The relationships expressed by equations (A.8) to (A.10) apply for the following cases: a1 = 1,5
for Em = 300 lx, a1 = 1 for Em = 500 lx and a1 = 0,75 for Em = 750 lx.
54
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure A.3 — Factor C’TL,Vers,SA for areas with activated solar radiation protection and/or glare
protection as a function of the total light transmittance τeff,SA and the distribution
key factor vSA for Em = 500 lx
For systems where C’TL,Vers,SA is greater than or equal to 0,1, an approximate value of the daylight supply
factor CTL,Vers,SA,j can be calculated by inserting the value of C’TL,Vers,SA taken from the graphs in Figure A.4
and the value of the daylight factor DRb of the building carcass roof opening into equation (A.11).
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
C TL, Vers, SA, j = (1,14 × C ' TL, Vers, SA −0,13 ) × ⎢
2 2
− 1⎥ − (0,44 × C ' TL, Vers, SA −0,45 ) × ⎢ − 1⎥ (A.11)
− 0,9 × DRb − 0,1× DRb
⎣1 + e ⎦ ⎣1 + e ⎦
Where the value of C’TL,Vers,SA is less than 0,1, the value of CTL,Vers,SA,j is obtained by linear interpolation
between 0 and the value of CTL,Vers,SA,j for C’TL,Vers,SA = 0,1 for the respective daylight factor DRb.
55
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Figure A.4 — Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,SA for areas with activated solar radiation protection
and/or glare protection as a function of the factor C’TL,Vers,SA and the daylight factor DRb of the
building carcass roof opening
A.3 Examples of the electrical evaluation power of various illumination solutions
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 to A.3.7 describe illumination solutions which are meant to provide ideas on how to take into
consideration specific conditions related to different space concepts when planning a lighting system. The
illustrations provide an impression of the lighting designs which can be achieved. A brief description of the
illumination solution is given in each case. The specific electrical evaluation power values are derived from the
technical specifications of the illumination concept and are based on determination by the tabular method
described in 5.4.1.
EXAMPLES A.3.2 Personal offices (single occupant)

A.3.3 Offices for two occupants
A.3.4 Workgroup offices
A.3.5 Call centres (landscaped offices)
A.3.6 Corridors
A.3.7 Production hall
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
A.3.2 Personal offices (single occupant)
A.3.2.1 Personal office – illumination solution 1
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct; recessed luminaires

Maintained illuminance: Em = 500 lx
Lamps: Fluorescent, tubular, electronic ballast

Room dimensions: Depth aR = 4,9 m; width: bR = 3,2 m; height hR = 2,7 m
Figure A.5 — Personal office – illumination solution 1
Description of the illumination solution

The use of strip luminaires providing direct light almost totally prevents direct glare and veiling reflection at the
VDU of the workplace configuration shown. Four luminaires are used with one lamp per luminaire, thus
enabling the arrangement of the luminaires to be symmetric with that of the window and giving the façade a
harmonious appearance at night time.
Electrical evaluation power determined using the tabular method described in 5.4.1
According to the tabular method described in 5.4.1, Table 1 gives a value of 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) for pj,lx if the
illumination type is “direct”. The reduction factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary
conditions for “personal office“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,84. Thus, when the correction factor of
kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with electronic ballast” and the correction factor for the space
geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 0,77 (interpolated value, an alternative determination using the
standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “personal office“ given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are
taken into consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1 × 0,77 = 16,2 W/m2 (A.12)
Detailed engineering planning

If part of detailed engineering planning, this particular example can be proved to have an electrical evaluation
power of 15,7 W/m2.
57
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct/indirect; wall-mounted luminaires, 0,5 m below ceiling
Room dimensions: Depth aR = 4,9 m; width: bR = 3,2m ; height hR = 2,7 m

The use of luminaires providing direct and indirect light with an indirect proportion of 50 % almost totally
prevents direct glare and veiling reflection at the VDU of the workplace configuration shown, as well as at any
other workplace configurations and arrangements which might reasonably be located in this room. This
solution can be implemented using only two luminaires. When implementing a solution of this type, suitable
luminaires and lamps should be chosen in order to ensure that the required limits and uniformity of the
illuminance are achieved, especially on vertical and cylindrical surfaces. If the pendant length is too short,
some areas of the ceiling may be illuminated too brightly. This can be avoided by choosing luminaires with a
wide indirect luminous intensity distribution and a pendant length of at least 0,4 m. When installing pendant
luminaires, care should be taken not to obstruct the windows; it should be possible to open these fully.
According to the tabular method described in 5.4.1, a value of 0,06 W/(m2 · lx) is stated for pj,lx in Table 1 for
“direct/indirect“ illumination. The reduction factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary
kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with electronic ballast“ and the correction factor for the space
pj = 0,06 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1 × 0,75 = 18,9 W/m2 (A.13)

power of 13,2 W/m2.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Indirect; wall-mounted luminaires 0,5 m below ceiling, desk-top lamps can
only be taken into account in detailed engineering planning

Direct glare and reflected glare are kept to a minimum by combining a freely positionable desktop lamp with
wall-mounted luminaires providing only indirect illumination. The desktop lamp permits the user to control the
light individually. The wall-mounted luminaires light the ceiling brightly, making the room appear higher. This
illumination solution is particularly suitable for situations where ceiling installation of luminaires is not possible
for technical or aesthetic reasons (e.g. concrete ceilings). However, the mounting height of wall-mounted
luminaires restricts the possibility of placing shelves or high cupboards in the office. In this type of solution,
care should be taken to avoid too uneven illumination of the ceiling. The wall-mounted luminaires should have
an asymmetrical, wide-spreading luminous intensity distribution.
illumination type is “indirect“. The reduction factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary
pj = 0,1 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1 × 0,64 = 26,8 W/m2 (A.14)

power of 27 W/m2.
59
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A.3.3 Office for two occupants
A.3.3.1 Office for two occupants – illumination solution 1
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct; recessed luminaires
Figure A.8 — Office for two occupants — illumination solution 1

The luminaires are arranged parallel to the occupants’ line of sight when they are engaged in reading or
writing activities. This almost totally prevents direct glare and veiling reflection at the VDU of the workplace
configuration shown. The luminaires near the windows are equipped with two lamps, those further from the
windows are equipped with one lamp.
illumination type is “direct“. The reduction factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary
conditions for “workgroup office“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,84. Thus, when the correction factor of
standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “workgroup office“ given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible)
are taken into consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1 × 0,68 = 14,3 W/m2 (A.15)

power of 13,5 W/m2.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct/indirect; wall-mounted luminaires 0,3 m below ceiling
Room dimensions: Depth aR = 4,8 m; width: bR = 4,8 m ; height hR = 2,7 m
Figure A.9 — Office for two occupants – illumination solution 2

The luminaires are arranged parallel to the occupants’ line of sight when they are engaged in reading or
writing activities. The light coming from both sides provides favourable visual conditions for this type of activity.
The arrangement of the VDUs shown here reduces reflections on the keyboard as well, due to the indirect
component of the luminaire emissions and the resulting illumination of the ceiling. The relatively small indirect
component of the luminosity in combination with a widespread luminous intensity distribution permits a shorter
pendant length of at least 30 cm. In this example, the luminaires are aligned parallel to the windows. This
results in a more uniform external appearance of the building.
illumination type is “direct/indirect“. The reduction factor kA to account for the task area and the usage
boundary conditions for “workgroup office“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,84. Thus, when the correction
factor of kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with electronic ballast“ and the correction factor for the
space geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 0,72 (interpolated value, an alternative determination using the
pj = 0,06 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1 × 0,72 = 18,2 W/m2 (A.16)

power of 13,5 W/m2.
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Illumination type: 85 % Indirect; light-emitting height of the standard lamp is the

equivalent of a 0,5 m pendant
15 % Direct
Desktop lamps can only be taken into consideration in detailed

engineering planning.
Lamps: Fluorescent, compact, electronic ballast
Figure A.10 — Office for two occupants – illumination solution 3

For aesthetic and design reasons, a standard lamp with two luminaire heads is used here. One luminaire head
is meant to serve each workplace. The room is less cluttered than with two separate standard lamps. If the
required illumination quality is to be achieved using artificial lighting only, the two luminaire heads should be
used in conjunction with the respective table (desktop) lamp. The downlights with asymmetrical illumination
intensity distribution light the shelf and cupboard surfaces to achieve the required vertical illuminance. In
conjunction with the downlight located in the centreline of the door area, they complete the room depth
illumination. This last downlight has a symmetrical downward illumination intensity distribution so that persons
entering the room are not subjected to undue glare.
illumination type is “direct“ and of 0,1 W/(m2 · lx) for pj,lx if the illumination type is “indirect“. The reduction
factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary conditions for “workgroup office“ as defined in
DIN V 18599-10 is 0,84. Thus, when the correction factor of kL = 1,2 for lamp type “fluorescent, compact, with
electronic ballast“ as given in Table 2 and the correction factor for the space geometry as given in Table 3, i.e.
kR = 0,68 for direct illumination and kR = 0,57 for indirect illumination (interpolated value, an alternative
determination using the standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “workgroup office“ given in
DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are taken into consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = (0,15 × 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,68 + 0,85 × 0,1 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,57) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1,2 = 27,0 W/m2 (A.17)

power of 25,5 W/m2.
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A.3.4 Workgroup offices
A.3.4.1 Workgroup office – illumination solution 1
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct
Figure A.11 — Workgroup office – illumination solution 1

The relation of the illumination to the room shape achieved by this luminaire arrangement ensures uniform
illuminance throughout the entire space. The workplaces are arranged between the rows of luminaires so that
the line of sight when working at the computer terminals is parallel to the windows and to the rows of
luminaires. The location of the row of luminaires in the middle achieves a pleasant light for visual
communication, both for the office workers and visitors, as faces will be brightly lit in a favourable way. The
arrangement of the luminaires keeps glare due to reflections on office equipment and tools to a minimum.
Luminaires providing direct illumination through mirror-surfaced screens only, as used in this example, shall
not be used with high-output lamps, since the probability of direct glare, but even more so the probability of
veiling reflection is relatively high. The arrangement of the luminaires parallel to the windows reflects the
shape of the room and accents the visual effect of the space. It is especially suitable for ceiling-mounted
systems with segments which can also be arranged in an arc.
conditions for “workgroup office“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,84. Thus, when the correction factor of
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,84 × 1 × 0,56 = 12,1 W/m2 (A.18)
power of 13,5 W/m2.
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A.3.4.2 Workgroup office – illumination solution 2
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: 20 % Direct

40 % Direct/indirect; luminaires suspended 0,5 m below ceiling
40 % Indirect; luminaires suspended 0,5 m below ceiling
Lamps: 20 % Fluorescent, compact, electronic ballast

40 % Fluorescent, compact, electronic ballast
40 % Fluorescent, tubular, electronic ballast
Figure A.12 — Workgroup office – illumination solution 2

The luminaires are arranged perpendicular to the office workers' line of vision. They are divided into sections.
The light emitted by the end sections lights up the work plane laterally from the left and right-hand sides. The
central section of the luminaires only emits light with indirect luminous intensity distribution. This provides the
workplaces with direct and indirect illumination without subjecting the office workers or visitors to direct or
veiling reflection. If the pendant length is too short, some areas of the ceiling may be illuminated too brightly.
This can be avoided by choosing luminaires with a wide indirect luminous intensity distribution and a pendant
length of at least 40 cm. The downlights with asymmetrical illumination intensity distribution light the shelf and
cupboard surfaces to achieve the required vertical illuminance. In conjunction with the downlight located in the
door areas, they complement the room depth illumination. These downlights have a symmetrical downward
illumination intensity distribution so that persons entering the room are not subjected to undue glare. The
arrangement of the luminaires at an angle to the windows in a regular radial pattern accents the shape of the
space and the external appearance of the building at night.
illumination type is “direct", of 0,6 W/(m2 · lx) for pj,lx if the illumination type is “direct/indirect“ and of
0,1 W/(m2 · lx) for pj,lx if the illumination type is “indirect“. The reduction factor kA to account for the task area
and the usage boundary conditions for “workgroup office“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,84. Thus, when
the correction factor of kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with electronic ballast", kL = 1,2 for lamp type
“fluorescent, compact, with electronic ballast“ as given in Table 2 and the correction factor for the space
geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 0,56 for direct illumination, kR = 0,56 for direct/indirect illumination and
kR = 0,44 for indirect illumination (interpolated value, an alternative determination using the standard values
for usage boundary conditions for a “workgroup office“ given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are taken into
consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
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pj = (0,2 × 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,56 × 1,2 + 0,4 × 0,06 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,56 × 1,2 +
0,4 × 0,1 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,44 × 1) × 500 lx × 0,84 = 17,0 W/m2 (A.19)

power of 18 W/m2.
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A.3.5 Call centres (landscaped offices)
A.3.5.1 Call centre – illumination solution 1
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: 80 % Indirect; partition-mounted luminaires, 1 m below ceiling

10 % Direct; workplace luminaire
10 % Direct; downlights for circulation areas
Lamps: 80 % Fluorescent, compact, electronic ballast
10 % Fluorescent, tubular, electronic ballast
10 % Fluorescent, compact, electronic ballast
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Room dimensions: Depth aR = 12 m; width: bR = 17,5 m; height hR = 3 m
Figure A.13 — Call centre – illumination solution 1

The luminaire mounted on the room partition elements between the workplaces emit mainly indirect light and
provide adequate illumination for the workplace of the whole group. For this reason, all partition-mounted
luminaires of each group of four are controlled together, even if only one workplace is occupied. The partition-
mounted luminaires can also be controlled or regulated in relation to the daylight conditions. In this case, the
required illuminance should be ensured even for the workplaces furthest from the windows, e.g. by mounting
daylight sensors at a suitable location. Parts of the desk surfaces are illuminated by workplace luminaires.
These can be switched on and off individually by each worker, and their direction can be controlled by turning
the “light tube”. The workplace luminaires are also mounted on the room partition elements in order to avoid
further reduction of the limited work surface available. The use of mirrored screens almost totally eliminates
direct or veiling reflection at the computer terminals. The downlights light the circulation areas/passages and
accent the room structure by their arrangement. This facilitates quick visual orientation by the occupants of the
room. The downlights are also fitted with mirrored screens in order to avoid exposing the office workers to
direct glare and reflections on the VDUs.
illumination type is “direct“ and of 0,1 W/(m2 · lx) for pj,lx if the illumination type is “indirect“. The reduction
factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary conditions for “landscaped offices“ as defined in
DIN V 18599-10 is 0,93. Thus, when the correction factor of kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with
electronic ballast", kL = 1,2 for lamp type “fluorescent, compact, with electronic ballast“ as given in Table 2 and
the correction factor for the space geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 0,53 for direct illumination and
kR = 0,39 for indirect illumination (interpolated value, an alternative determination using the standard values
for usage boundary conditions for a “landscaped office” given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are taken into
consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = (0,8 × 0,1 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,39 × 1,2 + 0,1 × 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,53 × 1 +
0,1 × 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 0,53 × 1,2) x 500 lx × 0,93 = 20,1 W/m2 (A.20)

power of 16,4 W/m2.
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A.3.5.2 Call centre – illumination solution 2
Luminaire plan
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Room dimensions: Depth aR = 12 m; width: bR = 17,5 m; height hR = 3 m
Figure A.14 — Call centre – illumination solution 2

In this example, individual ceiling-mounted luminaire elements are allocated to the individual workplace
groups and illuminate these over a large area. The ceiling-mounted elements comprise light-guiding prism
structures. Direct glare and glare due to reflection on VDUs and shiny surfaces is eliminated almost
completely. Contrast is good and the amount of shadow formation is well-balanced. The ceiling elements can
be dimmed when the respective workplace group is not occupied. The recessed luminaires light the circulation
areas/passages and are fitted with mirrored screens in order to limit direct and indirect glare. The arrangement
of the ceiling elements and the recessed luminaires in relation to the workplaces and passageways clearly
accents the room structure to match its functions and facilitates quick orientation within the room. However,
the arrangement of the workplaces and passageways is defined by the luminaire arrangement and therefore
cannot be altered without a certain amount of effort.
conditions for “landscaped offices“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,93. Thus, when the correction factor of
standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “landscaped office” given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible)
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,93 × 1 × 0,53 = 12,3 W/m2 (A.21)

power of 14,3 W/m2.
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A.3.6 Corridors
A.3.6.1 Corridor – illumination solution 1
Luminaire plan


Space dimensions: Depth aR = 20 m; width: bR = 2 m; height hR = 3 m
Figure A.15 — Corridor – illumination solution 1

The use of luminaires with a wide light distribution pattern achieves extremely uniform illumination in the
corridor. Furthermore, the diffusive luminaire screens light the walls very softly, i.e. with very little shadow
formation. The uniformity of the wall illumination is supplemented by the alignment of the luminaires parallel to
the walls. The line of lighting achieved in this way may create the visual impression that the space is longer
than it really is. As the ceiling heights in corridors are frequently lower than in the adjacent rooms, a recessed
ceiling installation was selected here.
conditions for “traffic/circulation areas“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 1. Thus, when the correction factor of
kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with electronic ballast” and the correction factor for the space
standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “traffic/circulation area” given in DIN V 18599-10 is
possible) are taken into consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 100 lx × 1 × 1 × 1,07 = 5,4 W/m2 (A.22)

power of 4,6 W/m2.
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
A.3.6.2 Corridor – illumination solution 2
Luminaire plan

Lamps: Fluorescent, compact, electronic ballast

Space dimensions: Depth aR = 20 m; width: bR = 2 m; height hR = 3 m
Figure A.16 — Corridor – illumination solution 2

The use of a large number of round, low-power downlights achieves uniform illumination in the corridor, with
very good uniformity at the floor level. The point-form arrangement of luminaires assists orientation, even in
corridors which are not straight.
conditions for “circulation areas” as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 1. Thus, when the correction factor of
kL = 1,2 for lamp type “fluorescent, compact, with electronic ballast” as given in Table 2 and the correction
factor for the space geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 1,07 (interpolated value, an alternative
determination using the standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “traffic/circulation area“ given in
DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are taken into consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 100 lx × 1 × 1,2 × 1,07 = 6,4 W/m2 (A.23)

power of 6 W/m2.
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A.3.7 Production hall
A.3.7.1 Production hall – illumination solution 1
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct; luminaires suspended 2 m below ceiling

Lamps: High-pressure metal halide lamp with conventional ballast

Space dimensions: Depth aR = 47 m; width: bR = 31,5 m; height hR = 12 m
Figure A.17 — Production hall – illumination solution 1

The use of wide-reaching downlight luminaires achieves uniform and orientation-independent illumination, i.e.
the lighting quality is irrespective of changing hall usage.
conditions for “industrial activities and crafts“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,88. Thus, when the correction
factor of kL = 1 for lamp type “high-pressure metal halide lamp with conventional ballast” as given in Table 2
and the correction factor for the space geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 0,58 (interpolated value, an
alternative determination using the standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “workshop, assembly,
manufacturing” zone as given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are taken into consideration, the electrical
evaluation power is
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 300 lx × 1 × 0,88 × 0,58 = 7,7 W/m2 (A.24)

power of 10,8 W/m2.
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A.3.7.2 Production hall – illumination solution 2
Luminaire plan
Illumination type: Direct; luminaires suspended 2 m below ceiling


Space dimensions: Depth aR = 47 m; width: bR = 31,5 m; height hR = 12 m
Figure A.18 — Production hall – illumination solution 2

Due to the use of luminaires which spread the light widely, uniform illumination is achieved on horizontal
planes. At the same time, vertical surfaces are also well-lit.
conditions for “industrial activities and crafts“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,88. Thus, when the
corrections factor of kL = 1 for lamp type “fluorescent, tubular, with electronic ballast“ and the correction factor
for the space geometry as given in Table 3, i.e. kR = 0,58 (interpolated value, an alternative determination
using the standard values for usage boundary conditions for a “workshop, assembly, manufacturing” zone
given in DIN V 18599-10 is possible) are taken into consideration, the electrical evaluation power is
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 300 lx × 1 × 0,88 × 0,58 = 7,7 W/m2 (A.25)

power of 8,9 W/m2.
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A.4 Example: Determination of the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers,j for a space with
rooflights
A.4.1 General
This example describes how the annual and monthly energy use for lighting of a production hall receiving
daylight only through rooflights is calculated. Two different rooflight solutions are discussed. One of the
variants involves roof openings fitted with continuous rooflights; shed rooflights are used in the other variant.
The entire hall floor area is considered to be illuminated by daylight. It is therefore assumed that there is only
one evaluation area.
NOTE For the sake of clarity, division into zones (n) and areas (j) has been omitted in the example.
Dimensions in m
a) Continuous rooflights b) Shed rooflights
c) Section through a continuous rooflight d) Section through a shed rooflight
Figure A.19 — Rooflights
A.4.2 Determination of the electrical evaluation power
The electrical evaluation power is determined by applying the tabular method for direct illumination by means
of tubular gas-discharge lamps with electronic ballasts to ensure a maintained illuminance of 500 lx. The
correction factor kL for this type of lamp as given in Table 2 is 1. The effect of the space geometry is taken into
account by the correction factor kR, which is 0,53 according to Table 3. In this case, the calculations are based
on the room index
( 45 m × 30 m)
k= = 2,93 (A.26)
(7 m − 0,85 m) × ( 45 m + 30 m)
The reduction factor kA to account for the task area and the usage boundary conditions for
“workshop,assembly,manufacturing“ as defined in DIN V 18599-10 is 0,88. The electrical evaluation power is
thus:
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
pj = 0,05 W/(m2 · lx) × 500 lx × 0,88 × 1 × 0,53 = 11,7 W/m2 (A.27)
A.4.3 Determination of the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers
Mean daylight factor for continuous-type rooflights
The daylight factor shall be calculated using equation (29). The following values apply to the glazing of the
continuous rooflight:
⎯ light transmittance of glazing: τD65 = 0,64 (ribbed double-wall (PC) polycarbonate sheets);
⎯ frame factor: kObl,1 = 0,92;
⎯ dirt depreciation factor of the glazing: kObl,2 = 0,9;
⎯ reduction factor for non-vertical light incidence: kObl,3 = 0,85.
The continuous-rooflight geometry has the following characteristics:
⎯ height of upstand: hs = 0,5 m;
⎯ slope of upstand: γw = 90°; (vertical);
⎯ width of a continuous rooflight: bs = 2 m;
⎯ length of a continuous rooflight: as = 10 m.
By inserting the geometry data of the continuous rooflight and the previously-determined room index to obtain
the input values for the table: as/bs = 5, hs/bs = 0,25; γw = 90° and k = 2,93, the space utilization factor ηR
value listed in Table 15 is found to be 0,88 (interpolated). Since the roof is horizontal, the external daylight
factor Da is 100 %. The total building carcass roof opening area ARb of the 12 rooflights is 240 m2. The hall
floor area ARG is 1 350 m2. The mean daylight factor is therefore
D = Da × τ D65 × k Obl,1 × k Obl,2 × k Obl,3 ×

∑ ARb × η in % (A.28)
R
ARG
240 m² (A.29)
D = 1× 0,64 × 0,92 × 0,9 × 0,85 × × 0,88 = 7,05 %
1350 m ²
The daylight supply as given in Table 17 is classified as being “strong”.
Mean daylight factor for shed rooflights
The following values apply to the glazing of the continuous rooflight:
⎯ light transmittance of glazing: τD65 = 0,7;
⎯ frame factor: kObl,1 = 0,88;
⎯ dirt depreciation factor of the glazing: kObl,2 = 0,90;
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
⎯ reduction factor for non-vertical light incidence: kObl,3 = 0,85.
The shed rooflight geometry has the following characteristics:
⎯ slope of the glazed shed area: γF = 60°;
⎯ slope of the opaque shed area: γW = 30°;
⎯ height of the total area containing the light-transmitting opening: hw = 1,5 m;
⎯ height (building carcass roof opening) of the opening through which light enters: hg = 1 m;
⎯ width (building carcass roof opening) of the opening through which light enters: bRB = 30 m.
By inserting the geometry data of the shed rooflight and the previously determined room index to obtain the
input values for the table: hg/hw = 0,67, γF = 60°, γw = 30° and k = 2,93, the space utilization factor ηR value
listed in Table 16 is found to be 0,8 (interpolated). For a 60° slope of the area through which the daylight
enters, Table 14 gives an external daylight factor Da of 72 %. The total building carcass roof opening area
ARb of the eight rooflights is 240 m2. The mean daylight factor is therefore
D = Da ×τ D65 × kObl,1 × kObl,2 × kObl,3 ×

∑A Rb
×η R in % (A.30)
ARG
240 m² (A.31)
D = 0,72 × 0,7 × 0,88 × 0,9 × 0,85 × × 0,8 = 4,83 %
1 350 m²
The daylight supply as given in Table 17 is classified as being “medium“.
Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers for continuous-type rooflights
Table 18 gives a value of 0,94 for the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers for the respective set of table input
values: daylight supply class “strong”, orientation “horizontal” and maintained illuminance Em = 500 lx.
Daylight supply factor CTL,Vers for shed rooflights
Table 18 gives a value of 0,71 for the daylight supply factor CTL,Vers for the respective set of table input
values: daylight supply class “medium”, orientation “north-facing” 60° slope and maintained illuminance
Em = 500 lx .
A.4.4 Determination of the annual and monthly energy use for lighting
Annual energy use for continuous-type rooflights

Equations (1) and (2) are used to determine the annual energy use for lighting. Assuming that a daylight-
responsive control system of type v) as in 5.5.3 (“dimmed, no stand-by losses, switch-on”) is installed, the
correction factor CTL,kon stated in Table 19 is found to be 0,75. This results in a daylight partial-operation
factor of 0,295, calculated using equation (14), i.e. FTL = 1 – CTL,Vers × CTL,kon of FTL = 1 – 0,94 × 0,75 = 0,295.
According to DIN V 18599-10, the usage profile for usage type “workshop, assembly, manufacturing” does not
assume absences during operating times, so that no presence sensor system is installed. This means that
FPrä = 1, so that the following annual operating times as defined in DIN V 18599-10 can be assumed:
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DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
tTag = 2 192 h, tNacht = 58 h. The effective operating times during daylight hours is therefore calculated as
follows:
t eff, Tag, TL = t Tag × FTL × FPrä = 2192 h × 0,295 × 1 = 646,6 h (A.32)

(see equation (4)).
t eff,Nacht = tNacht × FPrä = 58 h × 1 = 58 h (A.33)

(see equation (6)).
The annual energy use for lighting is thus determined using the following equation:
[ ]
Ql,f = p × ATL × (t eff,Tag,TL + t eff,Nacht ) = 11,7
w
m 2
[ ]
1 350 m 2 × (646,6 h + 58 h ) = 11 130 kWh
which corresponds to a specific energy use, in relation to the floor area, of 8,2 kWh/(m2 · a).
Annual energy use for shed rooflights
The energy use for lighting by illumination solutions using shed rooflights is calculated in a similar manner.
Assuming that a daylight-responsive control system of type “v” as in 5.5.3 (“dimmed, no stand-by losses,
switch on”) is installed, the correction factor CTL,kon,j stated in Table 19 is found to be 0,73. This results in a
partial-operation factor to account for illumination by daylight of 0,482, calculated using equation (14), i.e.
FTL = 1 – CTL,Vers × CTL,kon,j of FTL = 1 – 0,71 × 0,73 = 0,482. According to DIN V 18599-10, the usage profile
for usage type “industrial activities and crafts” does not assume absences during operating times, so that no
presence sensor system is installed. This means that FPrä = 1 so that the following annual operating times as
defined in DIN V 18599-10 can be assumed: tTag = 2 192 h, tNacht = 58 h. The effective operating times during
daylight hours are therefore calculated as follows:
t eff, Tag, TL = t Tag × FTL × FPr ä = 2 192 h × 0,48 × 1 = 1 052 ,12 h (A.34)
(see equation (4)).
t eff, Nacht = t Nacht × FPr ä = 58 h × 1 = 58 h (A.35)

(see equation (6)).
The annual energy use for lighting is thus determined using the following equation:
[ ]
Q l, f = p × A TL × ( t eff, Tag, TL + t eff, Nacht ) = 11 ,7
w
m²
[1 350 m ² × (1 052 ,12 h + 58 h ) ] = 17 534 kWh (A.36)
which corresponds to a specific energy use, in relation to the floor area, of 13,0 kWh/(m2 · a).
Annual delivered energy demand for continuous-type rooflights
The distribution key factors given in Table 21 are applied to the product CTL,Vers CTL,kon = 0,70, which was
calculated on the basis of one year’s operation, in order to determine the values for the individual months. By
applying the monthly partial-operation factors to account for illumination by daylight FTL,i, the monthly energy
use values Ql,f,i, ql,f,i can then be calculated. The annual operating time is evenly distributed among the
individual months.
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Table A.3 — Monthly energy use for continuous-type rooflights
Ql,f,i ql,f,i
Month vMonat,i vMonat, i × CTL,Vers × CTL,kon FTL,i
kWh kWh/(m2 · a)
January 0,74 0,52 0,48 1 456 1,08
February 0,92 0,65 0,35 1 090 0,81
March 1,06 0,75 0,25 805 0,60
April 1,16 0,82 0,18 602 0,45
May 1,22 0,86 0,14 480 0,36
June 1,24 0,87 0,13 439 0,33
July 1,22 0,86 0,14 480 0,36
August 1,16 0,82 0,18 602 0,45
September 1,06 0,75 0,25 805 0,60
October 0,93 0,66 0,34 1 070 0,79
November 0,75 0,53 0,47 1 436 1,06
December 0,54 0,38 0,62 1 863 1,38
Monthly energy use for shed rooflights
The distribution key factors given in Table 21 are applied to the product CTL,Vers CTL,kon = 0,482, which was
calculated on the basis of one year’s operation, in order to determine the values for the individual months. By
applying the monthly partial-operation factors FTL,i , the monthly energy use values Ql,f,i, ql,f,i can then be
calculated. The annual operating time is evenly distributed among the individual months.
Table A.4 — Monthly energy use for shed rooflights
Ql,f,i ql,f,i
Month vMonat,i vMonat, i × CTL,Vers × CTL,kon FTL,i
kWh kWh/(m2 · a)
January 0,74 0,38 0,62 1 851 1,37
February 0,92 0,48 0,52 1 581 1,17
March 1,06 0,55 0,45 1 371 1,02
April 1,16 0,60 0,40 1 221 0,90
May 1,22 0,63 0,37 1 131 0,84
June 1,24 0,64 0,36 1 101 0,82
July 1,22 0,63 0,37 1 131 0,84
August 1,16 0,60 0,40 1 221 0,90
September 1,06 0,55 0,45 1 371 1,02
October 0,93 0,48 0,52 1 566 1,16
November 0,75 0,39 0,61 1 836 1,36
December 0,54 0,28 0,72 2 151 1,59
78
DIN V 18599-4:2007-02
Bibliography
[1] Arbeitsstättenrichtlinie ASR 773 – Beleuchtung

(German regulation on workplaces, ASR 773 – Lighting)
[2] BildscharbV: Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung: Verordnung über Sicherheit und Gesundheitsschutz bei der
Arbeit an Bildschirmgeräten (German occupational health and safety regulation on computer terminal
and VDU workplaces), Bundesgesetzblatt (Federal Law Gazette), Part 1 (1966), p. 1841
[3] De Boer, J.; Erhorn, H.: Ein einfaches Modell zur Klassifizierung der Tageslichtversorgung von
Innenräumen mit vertikalen Fassaden (A simple model for classifying the daylight available in indoor
spaces with vertical façades), gi Gesundheitsingenieur 125 (2004) H. 6, pp. 281–295
[4] Projektierung von Beleuchtungsanlagen (Planning of lighting systems), Publication No. 3.5, Deutsche
Lichttechnische Gesellschaft (LiTG) (German Lighting Technology Society)
[5] BGI 856, Beleuchtung im Büro, Hilfe für die Planung von Beleuchtungsanlagen von Räumen mit
Bildschirm- und Büroarbeitsplätzen, (BGI 856, Lighting in offices, assistance for the planning of lighting
systems of rooms with computer terminals and office workplaces), Verwaltungs-Berufsgenossenschaft
(VBG) (German Underwriters’ Association for the Administrative Sector), Hamburg
[6] Rattunde, R.: Optimierung der Tageslichtbeleuchtung großer Räume durch Oberlichter unter
Berücksichtigung des zur Verfügung stehenden Tageslichts (Optimization of daylight lighting of large
spaces by rooflights, taking available daylight into consideration), Doctoral thesis submitted at the
Technical University of Berlin, 1980
[7] ZVEI-Leitfaden zu DIN EN 12464-1 (ZVEI Guide to DIN EN 12464-1), Frankfurt, 2005
[8] Hinweise für die Innenraumbeleuchtung mit künstlichem Licht in öffentlichen Gebäuden (Beleuchtung
2006) (Guidance on interior lighting in public buildings). Arbeitskreis Maschinen- und Elektrotechnik
staatlicher und kommunaler Verwaltungen (AMEV) (Machinery and electrotechnology working group of
governmental and municipal administrations), Federal Ministry of Transport, Berlin, 2006
[9] Guide on the maintenance on indoor electric lighting systems, Publication CIE 97:2005 (2nd edition),
ISBN 3 901 906 45 2
DIN 5034-1, Daylight in interiors — Part 1: General requirements
DIN 5034-2, Daylight in interiors — Part 2: Principles
DIN 5040-1, Luminaires (lighting fittings) — Part 1: Classification
DIN 5040-2, Luminaires (lighting fittings) — Part 2: Luminaires for interior lighting — Concepts,
classification
79

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What is the scope of this standard?

What is the scope of this standard?

What factors are considered in calculating the monthly energy use for lighting?

What factors are considered in calculating the monthly energy use for lighting?

Date:2007 February

Supersedes DIN V 18599-4:2005-07

Figure 9 — Geometrical parameters used to define the well index wi (notation)...............................................29

No draft of the present prestandard has been published.

Comments on experience with this prestandard should be sent:

⎯ Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones

⎯ Part 3: Energy need for air conditioning

⎯ Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting

⎯ Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems

⎯ Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data

DIN V 18599-4: 2005-07

Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599

⎯ residential buildings and non-residential buildings;

⎯ planned or new building construction and existing buildings.

The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for:

⎯ air conditioning and control (including cooling and humidification),

⎯ heating the domestic hot water supply, and

Figure 2 — Content and scope of DIN V 18599-4

DIN 5034-3:2005-09, Daylight in interiors — Part 3: Calculation

CIE 17.4, International Lighting Vocabulary

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units

3.1 Terms and definitions

[CIE 17.4; 845-01-38]

NOTE Unit of measurement: lux (lx)

NOTE 1 See also DIN EN 12464-1.

[CIE 17.4: 845-01-25]

NOTE Unit of measurement: lumen (lm)

[CIE 17.4: 845-01-25]

NOTE Unit of measurement: lux hours (lx·h)

[CIE 17.4; 845-09-97]

[CIE 17.4; 845-04-58]

NOTE See also CIE 17.4; 845-04-59.

NOTE See also CIE 17.4; 845-08-34.

NOTE See also CIE 17.4; 845-10-01.

NOTE See also CIE 17.4; 845-08-34.

NOTE See also DIN EN 12464-1.

NOTE See also DIN EN 12464-1.

that is suitable for this calculation procedure

3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts

3.2.1 Symbols and units

p power per unti area, in W/m2

D65 standard illuminant D65

4 Relationship between the parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards

⎯ summarize the input parameters to be used in this document,

Meaning Symbol Source

— Day-time usage hours per annum tTag see DIN V 18599-10

— Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht see DIN V 18599-10

— Maintained illuminance Em see DIN V 18599-10

— Height of the work plane hNe see DIN V 18599-10

— Reduction factor to account for the proportion of the area k

— Relative absence CA see DIN V 18599-10

— Room index k see DIN V 18599-10

— Dirt depreciation factor k2 see DIN V 18599-10

Meaning Symbol Used in