IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Level Control of Tank System using PID Controller-A Review

Amruta S.Jondhale1 Varsha J.Gaikwad2 Satish R. Jondhale3
1,2,3
Assistant Professor
1,2
Department of Instrumentation & Control Engineering 3Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering
1,2
P. R. E. C. Loni, India 3 A.V.C.O.E. Sangamner, India
Abstract— This paper discusses the review of level control method. This paper describes PID controller cannot used for
of tank system using PID controller. PID controller use for complex processes, to solve this problem fuzzy controller
one or more tank system. PID has fast response. Paper used. For that fuzzy PID controller firstly design & then
present different methods of level control. Eliminate the applied to liquid level. PID eliminates steady state error. If
steady state error. It is most common way of solving fuzzy controller and PID controller are together then it will
problems of practical control systems. gives more benefits paper also describes the responses of
Key words: Ziegler-Nichols tuning Method, PID controller, tank level processes.
Open loop method Nitin Goyal gives necessity of tuning of couple
tank system, which is based on MATLAB and simulation.
I. INTRODUCTION Sharad Kumar gives comparison of fuzzy model.
PID controller is combination of three modes that is Artificial immune is based on computational intelligence; it
proportional integral, derivative. PID controller is nonlinear is new branch to research field. This new immune controller
processes. It is most useful in industrial applications because if apply to three tank level control then it gives earlier
of its more benefits like, fast response, very less oscillations. response and very les overshoot than conventional. This
It can be operated by two modes either automatic or manual method is more effective than fuzzy and PID.
mode. PID decreases steady state error due to this stability Muhd Asran Bin Abdullah gives method of level
increases. Ziegler-Nichols tuning method is the most use sensor and controller. Paper gives implementation of PID
method in tuning of PID controller. PID controller is a controller into designing an intelligent automatic level
powerful and complex controller. It eliminates offset error. control. This system gives accurate level control and as
Proportional control provides better control due to its output stead with smooth transition process. This system can use in
operate linearly early. PID controller is widely used in nonstop day and night level control process. This method
industrial process. Most of the industries, petrochemical uses different sensors to control level of system, like radar
plants and nuclear power plants are depend upon tank level which is useful in dusty environments ultrasound,
control systems. ultrasound, and capacitance level sensor.
A. Methods of level control using PID A.Ikhlef gives the method of level control by using
Remote control, for this Ziegler-Nichols method reference is
Bijay kumar introduced an implementation of PID controller necessary, the target of the paper is control the level by
for liquid level tank system. This paper gives a method to using remote. So user can handle a system with a remote.
determine the optimal PID controller parameter using Result from these methods is satisfactory. Remote control
particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetically gives a practical solution. This method needs a internet
algorithm (GA). This reference gives a modelling of lower connection.
water tank system. GA & PSO are used to exact dynamic Farhad Aslam states that after implementation, PID
nature water level system. PSO first introduced by Kennedy controller is complete then it generates large overshoot with
& Eberhart. undershoot. But if auto tuner of PID controller is used, then
Maziyah Mat Noh, proposed a water tank level in overshot get reduced. This paper describes liquids auto
control system have a difficulty in adjusting level of liquid. tuning .method for three tank liquids level control. Auto.
That is operating under unstable conditions above as well as Tuning is basically used to tune PID gains. PID tuner
below set point. As compare P controller PID controller allows getting a good balance between performance and
gives mote fast response. weakness. By this method optimization can be achieved.
C. Dinesh, state that many industries uses a PID
controller because of fast response and their performance, B. PID Controller:
while in case of level control specially level control of a It is combination of three modes, proportional,
conical tank system, PID fails to give fast response so integral, derivative. PID is most used controller because it
heuristic method used. It is also called as fuzzy logic gives more fast response and also eliminates offset error
controller; this method gives better response than PID. from system. For fast response PID controller have to adjust
Mostafa.A.Fellani, gives the development of PID a one level where no error occur between process variable
controller for controlling specific liquid level of tank two and set point. PID controller limited in their capabilities
systems. In this PID tuning method tasted for obtaining PID especially when complex processes are required to perform
parameters. This paper presents the design of PID controller task.
to control tank system by using MATLAB software. PID is based on computer system. If PID controller
Sankata.B.Prusty, proposed the liquid level control parameters are taken incorrectly then input of control
tank system using Lab View of fuzzy-PID controller which process is unstable. PID do not provide optimal control. By
important task in industry. Output of process is nonlinear using PID controller we can control level of one tank or
which is converted in linear form by using Taylor series more tanks. PID controller reduces rise time to make system

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 636

 Level Control of Tank System using PID Controller-A Review
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/136)

response fast. The various methods are given for level parameter. Ziegler-Nichols method is based on
control like Ziegler-Nichols method, Cohen-coon method. frequency response.
Most PID implemented in PLC, using Ziegler-Nichols  The Ziegler-Nichols rules have to attempt to produce
method, Cohen-coon method. The block diagram of PID good value for PID gain parameter.
controller consists of: In this method two methods are involved
 PLANT- it is part of process which is to be controlled. 1) Open loop method
 FEEDBACK- it measure the variable from device 2) Closed loop method
which user want to control 1) Open loop tuning method
 CONTROLLER- it is important part of process. It read The Ziegler- Nichols open loop tuning method is a way of
and process error. relating the process parameters like delay time, constant
 SET POINT- also called integral and measured in process gain. It has been developed for use on delay-
seconds. followed by-first-order-lag processes and also adopted for
PID controller can be used for regulation of speed, real processes. This method used for rectify error quickly for
temperature, flow, pressure. The gains of PID controller can open loop controller gain. The process reaction-curve
be obtained by trial and error method. Roll of controller is method, often called the Ziegler-Nichols method.
maintained point at given value and accept new set point. 2) Closed loop tuning method:
PID controller cannot be used for complex process. This method not works for unstable processes If controller
in manual mode and process variable oscillates then this
method cannot used. Ziegler-Nichols method is related to
process parameter like delay time, process gain & time
constant. This method is also called as „ultimate cycling
method‟.
3) Cohen-Coon method:
This method based on first order system. After Ziegler-
Nichols method, Cohen-Coon method is most used method.
This method is developed in 1953. Cohen-Coon rules were
Fig. 1: structure of PID controller designed for controllers with non interactive controller
algorithm. It is more flexible than Ziegler-Nichols method,
C. How PID Controller Works
if objective a fast response, then this method is used.
A water mixture of hot and cold water use to fill a tank at a
Cohen-Coon tuning method uses three process
fix level. The water level in a tank is a process variable and
elements, which is process gain, dead time and time
desired level is set point. The input to system and output of
constant. For calculating gain and integral time Cohen-Coon
PID controller called the manipulated variable. Error
method is not used, because it requires a measurement of the
defined as difference between liquid level and set point.
process time constant. But Ziegler-Nichols method does not
After measurement of process variable controller decides
require a measurement of the process time constant. Cohen-
how to set top position. In process control application
Coon method is requiring the response of open loop system.
control of level is very important especially fluid level
Cohen-Coon tuning method work on process,where the dead
control is must, fluid level can control by controlling input
time is less than the time constant. It also provides quarter-
flow in tank and for level maintenance of input and output
amplitude damping, Cohen-Coon rules target is quarter
flow have to adjust.
amplitude response damping. This type of tuning provides
very fast disturbance rejection. The Cohen-Coon margin for
II. TUNING OF PID CONTROLLER
stability is low. The small error pushes system into
The responses for both methods are analyzed using simulink instability. As compare Z-N method settling of P and PI
in MATLAB software. The several methods for tuning PID controller are less. This is good process models, offline and
controller is given below: good for first order system. It corrects steady state error
 Ziegler-Nichols method response given by Ziegler-Nichols method. In this tuning
 Cohen-Coon method method first obtain the process reaction curve then measure
A. Ziegler-Nichols tuning Method: the response.
This method is developed by John G. Ziegler & Nathaniel B
Nichols. This method invented in 1940, had a large impact III. CONCLUSION
in making PID feedback control acceptable to control In this paper, an attempt has been made to review for
engineer‟s .with the Ziegler Nichols rules, engineers finally various methods for level control of tank system using PID
had a practical and systematic way of tuning PID loops for controller. Level control of tank system is very important
improved performance. After taking measurements of actual task in process controller.
system response, tuning rule confidently recommends the
PID gains to use. This method valid for open loop plants REFERENCES
follows following steps:
[1] Mostafa.A. Fellani , Aboubaker M. Gabaj, “PID
 First set plant with a small gain and increase the gain
Controller Design For Two Tanks Liquid Level Control
up to oscillations get started.
System Using Matlab”, International Journal of
 Then linear oscillation required for detection of
Application or Innovation in Engineering &
controller output. Finally adjust the controller
Management, May 2015, Volume 4, Issue 5.

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 637

 Level Control of Tank System using PID Controller-A Review
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/136)

[2] Maziyah mat noh, muhammad sharfi najib, nurhanim

saadah Abdullah, “Simulator Of Water Tank Level
Control System Using PID-Controller”, hydraulics &
hydrology, ISSN: 1790-2769, pp-168.
*
[3] Dinesh , V. V. Manikanta, H. S. Rohini and K. R.
Prabhu, “Real Time Level Control of Conical Tank and
Comparison of Fuzzy and Classical PID Controller”,
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, January
2015, Vol 8(S2),pp- 40–44.
[4] Sharad Kumar Tiwari, Gagandeep Kaur, “Analysis of
Fuzzy PID and Immune PID Controller for Three Tank
Liquid Level Control”, International Journal of Soft
Computing and Engineering, September 2011, Volume-
1, Issue-4.
[5] Sankata B. Prusty, Umesh C. Pati and Kamalakanta
Mahapatra, “Implementation of Fuzzy-PID Controller
to Liquid Level System using LabVIEW”.
[6] Nitin Goyal, Lalit Rai, “ Controller Tuning of Coupled
Tanks By Astrom & Hagglund Using Matlab &
Simulation”, International Journal of Research in
Management, Science & Technology, April 2015, Vol.
3, No. 2.
[7] Bijay Kumar, Rohtash Dhiman, “Tuning of PID
Controller for Liquid Level Tank System using
Intelligent Techniques”, IJCST, Oct . - Dec. 2011, Vol.
2, Iss ue 4.Ikhlef, M. Kihel, B. Boukhezzar, N.
Mansouri, F. Hobar, “Remote PID Control of Tank
Level System”, International Conference on Interactive
Collaborative Learning, September 2015.
[8] Muhd Asran Bin Abdullah, “Water Level in Tank
Using Level Sensor and PID Controller”, November
2008
[9] Farhad Aslam, Mohd. Zeeshan Haider, “An
Implementation and Comparative Analysis of PID
Controller and their Auto Tuning Method for Three
Tank Liquid Level Control”, International Journal of
Computer Applications, May 2011, Volume 21– No.8.

All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 638