4/11/2019

ROBOTS ROBOTICS

E-commerce | Suman Shahid

Submitted To:-
Ma’am Arham
Submitted by:-
Ayesha Rashid (091631008)
Anum Khan (091631004)
Nimra Shakeel (091631037)
Rohma Khan (091631040)
Suman Shahid (091631050)
Subject:-
E-commerce
B.com (hons)
6th- Semester

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 ROBOTICS

Introduction:-
Robotics is a branch of engineering and science that includes electronics
engineering, mechanical engineering and computer science and so on. This branch
deals with the design, construction, use to control robots, sensory feedback and
information processing.
These are some technologies which will replace humans and human
activities in coming years. These robots are designed to be used for any purpose
but these are using in sensitive environments like bomb detection, deactivation of
various bombs etc. Robots can take any form but many of them have given the
human appearance. The robots which have taken the form of human appearance
may likely to have the walk like humans, speech, cognition and most importantly
all the things a human can do. Most of the robots of today are inspired by nature
and are known as bio-inspired robots.
Robotics is that branch of engineering that deals with conception, design,
operation, and manufacturing of robots. There was an author named Isaac
Asimov, he said that he was the first person to give robotics name in a short story
composed in 1940’s. In that story, Isaac suggested three principles about how to
guide these types of robotic machines.
Later on, these three principals were given the name of Isaac’s three laws of
Robotics.

These three laws state that:-

 Robots will never harm human beings.

 Robots will follow instructions given by humans with breaking law one.
 Robots will protect themselves without breaking other rules.

Characteristics:-
There are some characteristics of robots given below:
 Appearance: Robots have a physical body. They are held by the structure
of their body and are moved by their mechanical parts. Without
appearance, robots will be just a software program.
 Brain: Another name of brain in robots is On-board control unit. Using
this robot receive information and sends commands as output. With this
control unit robot knows what to do else it’ll be just a remote-controlled
machine.

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 Sensors: The use of these sensors in robots is to gather info from the
outside world and send it to Brain. Basically, these sensors have circuits in
them that produce the voltage in them.
 Actuators: The robots move and the parts with the help of these robots
move is called Actuators. Some examples of actuators are motors, pumps,
and compressor etc. The brain tells these actuators when and how to
respond or move.
 Program: Robots only works or responds to the instructions which are
provided to them in the form of a program. These programs only tell the
brain when to perform which operation like when to move, produce
sounds etc. These programs only tell the robot how to use sensors data to
make decisions.
 Behaviour: Robots behavior is decided by the program which has been
built for it. Once the robot starts making the movement, one can easily tell
which kind of program is being installed inside the robot.

Types Of Robots:-
 Articulated:The feature of this robot is its rotary joints and range of these
are from 2 to 10 or more joints. The arm is connected to the rotary joint
and each joint is known as the axis which provides a range of movements.
 Cartesian: These are also known as gantry robots. These have three joints
which use the Cartesian coordinate system i.e x, y, z. These robots are
provided with attached wrists to provide rotatory motion.
 Cylindrical: These types of robots have at least one rotatory joints and
one prismatic joint which are used to connect the links. The use of rotatory
joints is to rotate along the axis and prismatic joint used to provide linear
motion.
 Polar: These are also known as spherical robots. The arm is connected to
base with a twisting joint and have a combination of 2 rotatory joint and
one linear joint.
 Scara: These robots are mainly used in assembly applications. Its arm is
in cylindrical in design. It has two parallel joints which are used to provide
compliance in one selected plane.
 Delta: The structure of these robots are like spider-shaped. They are built
by joint parallelograms that are connected to the common base. The
parallelogram moves in a dome-shaped work area. These are mainly used
in food and electrical industries.

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Services:-
Service robots assist human beings, typically by performing a job that is
dirty, dull, distant, dangerous or repetitive, including household chores. They
typically are autonomous and/or operated by a built-in control system, with
manual override options.
Professional service robots are a type of robot typically considered for use
outside of a manufacturing facility within a professional setting. While industrial
robots automate manufacturing tasks, professional service robots, which vary
greatly in form and function, automate menial, dangerous, time-consuming, or
repetitive tasks, effectively freeing human workers to perform more cognitive
functions.
Most professional service robots are semi-autonomous or fully autonomous
robots with some form of mobility. There are service robots that are intended to
interact with people, typically deployed in a retail, hospitality, healthcare,
warehouse or fulfillment setting. Others are deployed in more rugged settings,
such as in space and defense, agricultural applications, and demolition, to
automate dangerous or laborious tasks.
Alongside the continued advances in vision systems and technologies,
motion control and motors, artificial intelligence and machine learning, as well as
cloud computing, the capabilities and applications of professional service robots
are expanding at an exponentially faster rate than ever before.
With virtually limitless automation benefits outside of the factory setting,
professional service robots offer varied and exciting new market growth
opportunities

Benefits:-
Recent developments in the robotics world has made robots more user friendly,
intelligent, and most importantly affordable. With these benefits of robotics it is
no wonder that they have found jobs in every field. That is right, from industrial
manufacturing to the medical field robots are being used.

The benefits of robots has increased their flexibility with being capable of
performing a variety of tasks and applications. They are more precise and
consistent than human workers. Robots also allow for increased production and
profit margin because they can complete tasks faster. Robots have the ability to
work around the clock since they do not require vacations, sick days, or
breaks. They also make fewer mistakes than humans, saving companies time.

Other benefits of robotics is that they can work in any environment, adding to
their flexibility. Robots eliminate dangerous jobs for humans because they are
capable of working in hazardous environments. They can handle lifting heavy

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loads, toxic substances, and repetitive tasks. This has helped companies to prevent
many accidents, also saving time and money.

In the medical field robots are used for intricate surgeries such as prostate cancer
surgery. Robots are able to reach and fit where human hands cannot, allowing
greater accuracy. Some robotic benefits in the medical field are less invasive
procedures and less pain for the patient when recovering.

The benefits of robots have opened the door for their use in many fields. Their
ability to be customized provides companies the flexibility to use them for a
variety of tasks.

 Safety :Safety is a primary consideration when businesses choose to

deploy professional service robots. Rather than replacing human workers,
robots can handle dangerous tasks while humans focus on more cognitive-
oriented tasks that keep them away from dangerous situations. For
example, professional service robots used in the defense sector aim to
protect soldiers from harm during combat. Similarly, demolition robots are
used to keep workers away from structural or nuclear dangers during the
demolition process. Professional service robots can safely go where
human workers cannot.
 Efficiency: In addition to safety, improving efficiency is another primary
consideration for businesses that use professional service robots.
Efficiency is typically gained through impeccable levels of robot uptime
and reduced operating costs. Inspection robots and industrial cleaning
robots operate with very little downtime, allowing them to provide more
comprehensive coverage of large infrastructures. Logistics robots can
transport a high volume of products while lowering labor costs, too.
 Productivity: Like all robotic automation, professional service robots
often open the door to greater data collection and analysis for ongoing
optimization of all operations. Agriculture robots can transmit important
visual data to monitor the health of crops and livestock. Customer service
robots can even track customer behavior during face-to-face encounters to
gain a deeper understanding of consumer motivations and desires.
Essential operational data such as this is much more difficult or impossible
to collect through manual processes.

In the end, professional service robots all contribute to productivity in one

form or another. Some may excel at safety, while others may excel at data
collection or efficiency, but the end result is almost always a major
increase in productivity. The productivity gains of these robots help
businesses of all kinds justify the investment in professional service
robots.

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Advantages:-

The advantages of using robots are given below.

 Safety: Safety is the most obvious advantage of utilizing robotics. Heavy

machinery, machinery that runs at hot temperature, and sharp objects can
easily injure a human being. By delegating dangerous tasks to a robot,
you’re more likely to look at a repair bill than a serious medical bill or a
lawsuit. Employees who work dangerous jobs will be thankful that robots
can remove some of the risks.
 Speed: Robots don’t get distracted or need to take breaks. They don’t
request vacation time or ask to leave an hour early. A robot will never feel
stressed out and start running slower. They also don’t need to be invited to
employee meetings or training session. Robots can work all the time, and
this speeds up production. They keep your employees from having to
overwork themselves to meet high pressure deadlines or seemingly
impossible standards.
 Consistency: Robots never need to divide their attention between a
multitude of things. Their work is never contingent on the work of other
people. They won’t have unexpected emergencies, and they won’t need to
be relocated to complete a different time sensitive task. They’re always
there, and they’re doing what they’re supposed to do. Automation is
typically far more reliable than human labor
 Perfection: Robots will always deliver quality. Since they’re programmed
for precise, repetitive motion, they’re less likely to make mistakes. In
some ways, robots are simultaneously an employee and a quality control
system. A lack of quirks and preferences, combined with the eliminated
possibility of human error, will create a predictably perfect product every
time.
 Happier Employees: Since robots are often assigned to perform tasks that
people don’t particularly enjoy, like menial work, repetitive motion, or
dangerous jobs, your employees are more likely to be happy. They’ll be
focusing on more engaging work that’s less likely to grind down their
nerves. They might want to take advantage of additional educational
opportunities, utilize your employee wellness program, or participate in an
innovative workplace project. They’ll be happy to let the robots do the
work that leaves them feeling burned out.
 Job Creation: Robots don’t take jobs away. They merely change the jobs
that exist. Robots need people for monitoring and supervision. The more
robots we need, the more people we’ll need to build those robots. By
training your employees to work with robots, you’re giving them a reason
to stay motivated in their position with your company. They’ll be there for
the advancements and they’ll have the unique opportunity to develop a
new set of tech or engineering related skills.
 Productivity: Robots can’t do everything. Some jobs absolutely need to
be completed by a human. If your human employees aren’t caught up

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 doing the things that could have easily be left for robots, they’ll be
available and productive. They can talk to customers, answer emails and
social media comments, help with branding and marketing, and sell
products. You’ll be amazed at how much they can accomplish when the
grunt work isn’t weighing them down.

While we’re still lightyears away from a fully robotic workplace, the
robotic capabilities that many companies are currently utilizing have
proven to be one of the greatest innovations of our time. Start by adding a
few robots, and see where it takes you.

Disadvantages:-

 Need a Supply Power: Robots need a supply of power, The people can
lose jobs in factories, They need the maintenance to keep them running, It
costs a lot of money to make or buy the robots, The software and the
equipment that you need to use with the robot cost much money.
 Taking over Human Jobs: Robots can take the place of many humans in
factories, So, the people have to find new jobs or be retrained, They can
take the place of the humans in several situations, If the robots begin to
replace the humans in every field, They will lead to unemployment.
 Can be Expensive: Robots cost much money in maintenance & repair,
The programs need to be updated to suit the changing requirements, the
machines need to be made smarter, In case of breakdown, the cost of
repair may be very high, The procedures to restore lost code or data may
be time-consuming & costly.
 Store large amount of Data: The robots can store large amounts of data
but the storage, access, retrieval is not as effective as the human brain,
They can perform the repetitive tasks for a long time but they do not get
better with experience such as the humans do.
 With Heavy Applications: The robots are not able to act any different
from what they are programmed to do, With the heavy application of
robots, the humans may become overly dependent on the machines, losing
their mental capacities, If the control of robots goes in the wrong hands,
The robots may cause the destruction.
 Not Intelligent or Sentient: The robots are not intelligent or sentient,
They can never improve the results of their jobs outside of their predefined
programming, They do not think, They do not have emotions or
conscience, This limits how the robots can help & interact with people.