Vol3 Clup PDF

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PLAN FRAMEWORK AND RATIONALE - - - 4

1.1 Framework - - - 4
1.2 Rationale - - - 5
2.0 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES - - - 6

2.1 Inherent Constraints - - - 6
2.1.1 Hydro-meteorological hazards - - - 6
2.1.2 Geologic hazards - - - 22
2.2 Derived Constraints - - - 29
3.0 VISION-MISSION STATEMENT - - - 34

3.1 Vision and Mission - - - 34
3.2 Vision Elements, Descriptors and Success Indicators - - - 35
3.3 Physical Development Goals - - - 37
4.0 LAND USE STRATEGIES, LAND USES AND TRENDS - - - 38

4.1 Existing Land Use Strategies - - - 38
4.2 Urban Growth Corridors and Nodes - - - 38
4.3 Urban Land Use and Trends - - - 39
4.3.1 Residential - - - 39
4.3.2 Commercial - - - 41
4.3.3 Industrial - - - 45
4.3.4 Institutional - - - 47
4.3.5 Parks, Playgrounds and Other Recreational Facilities - - 51
4.3.6 Cemeteries/Memorial Parks - - - 51
4.3.7 Infrastructure - - - 52
4.3.8 Other Uses - - - 54
4.4 General Land Uses/Areas Outside of the Current Urban Area - - 55

4.4.1 Built-up Areas - - - 55
4.4.2 Production Land Uses - - - 55
4.4.2.1 Agricultural Areas - - - 55
4.4.2.2 Industrial Areas - - - 56
4.4.2.3 Production Forest - - - 57
4.4.3 Protection and Conservation Areas - - - 57
4.4.4 Ancestral Domain - - - 58
4.4.6 Open Spaces - - - 59
4.5 Proposed Land Use Strategies - - - 59

4.5.1 Concept/Structure Plan - - - 59
4.5.2 Proposed Development Strategy - - - 60
4.5.2.1 Alternative Urban Form - - - 60
4.5.2.2 Preferred Spatial Strategy - - - 62
A. Urban Development - - - 63
Urban Zone - - - 63
Suburban Area - - - 64
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B. Rural-Focused or Integrated Area Development - 64
Agricultural - - - 64
Tourism - - - 65
Forest - - - 65
C. Industrial Development - - - 66
4.5.3 Land Demand and Supply - - - 67
5.0 PROPOSED LAND USES - - - 69

5.1 Urban Land Uses - - - 69
5.1.1 Residential - - - 69
5.1.2 Commercial - - - 69
5.1.3 Industrial - - - 71
5.1.4 Institutional - - - 73
5.1.5 Parks, Playgrounds and Other Recreational Facilities - - 74
5.1.6 Cemeteries/Memorial Parks - - - 74
5.2 General Land Uses - - - 76

5.3 Summary of Area Requirement - - - 78
6.0 GENERAL LAND USE POLICIES - - - 79
7.0 THEMATIC AND LAND USE MAPS - - - 80

Map Index - - - 80 to 81
Maps - - - 82 to 139
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COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN
City of Surigao
2011-2020
CHAPTER 1
Plan Framework and Rationale
1.1 Framework
The herein Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the City of Surigao reflects and provide
the translation in the local level of the National Physical Framework Plan (NPFP) under the Aquino
Administration. As such it contains the specific local level directions, strategies and policies for the
judicious utilization of land, giving the detailed translation of the general directions provided for in
the NPFP, the Caraga Region Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) and the Surigao del Norte Provincial
Physical Framework Plan (PPFP).
As such, the present national administration’s social contract with the Filipino people
provides the overall bases for the plan’s detailed translation into specific strategies and policies in
the local level and also incorporating the Caraga regional development vision of a globally
competitive economy anchored on sustainable development.
Also providing the additional inputs in the finalization of this plan are the past and present
sectoral development plans, the Surigao City Development Plan, the Caraga Regional Development
Plan (CRDP) and other related documents. Such referral was made for the purpose of contextualizing
the city’s land use development in congruence with its spatial development role on a much larger
scale.
The City of Surigao is the alternate growth and service center in Caraga Region, especially in
the northeastern area facing the Pacific Rim. The Caraga RPFP specifies a hierarchy of functional
roles and it identified the city as a Special Zone for Mineral-Based Industries and as the alternate
commercial and trading center in the region. This is the spatial development role that serves the
basis that the city plays in the overall development scenario of the region. Further, the RPFP
specifies a strategy of growth centers and satellite approach with the city serving the future urban
metropolis along its influence area in the northeastern part of the region.
In the provincial level, being the provincial capital of Surigao del Norte, the city plays the
primary role of being the center for commerce and trade, education, financial services and other
related urban development support services. On top of its urban development role, it serves as the
center for industrial development, especially mineral processing and other allied industries, by virtue
of existing industries and a special economic zone. It is the primary entry and exit point for all
transportation networks providing both intra- and inter-provincial linkages. Surigao City plays a
critical role in the achievement of the provincial level preferred development strategy which
combines mineral resource development, agri-fishery development and eco-tourism development
under the PPFP’s Strategic Area Resource Development.
The broad framework which provides the general direction of the priorities set forth in this
CLUP are aligned with the development priorities of the hierarchy of socio-economic and physical
development plans from the national, regional and provincial levels.
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1.2 Rationale
The existing CLUP and its implementing Zoning Ordinance dates back to the year 2000 and is
the successor of an earlier crafted town development plan and zoning dating back to the 1980’s.
Given the supposed expiration of the plan coverage in 2004, the need for the updating of the subject
CLUP has become more apparent. The more than a decade that has elapsed in the plan’s coverage
period makes it necessary to revisit and evaluate its directions and priorities, which is further
heightened with the entry of a new national administration in 2010, the new set of officials in the
local level, the recent completion and planned entry of major projects in the city affecting
urbanization trends, and the new policy issuances that affect the usual physical planning and land
use dimensions.
The convergence of all these factors, especially the integration of disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation (DRR-CCA) into local development plans doubly pressed the need to
update the CLUP. The CLUP has to be updated so that strategies and policies have to be set in place
in order to translate in the local level the responsive actions that would truly address the
aforementioned factors, and come up with specific measures that would balance judicious land
utilization and the concerns of DRR-CCA, particularly on the aspect of prevention and mitigation.
Moreover, the presence of new and upcoming big ticket investments would eventually put
strain and accelerate present urbanization trends, increase demand for infrastructure and related
urban services, thus, a rethinking of the presently preferred spatial development strategy shall be
conducted as an integral component of the CLUP updating process.
Thus, the importance of updating the Surigao City CLUP borders on more than the need to
fulfill existing mandates but rather to enhance the city’s capability to be responsive and proactive,
come up with up-to-date policies and strategies for protection and conservation measures,
production support, settlements expansion and urbanization, as well as the planning for better
circulation and other infrastructure requirements. Addressing these factors has to be done in a
critical manner of striking a balanced and sustainable development, and at the same time integrating
the intricacies to allow better capabilities in DRR-CCA, particularly the prevention, mitigation and
response mechanisms.
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CHAPTER 2
Physical Development Challenges
2.1 Inherent Constraints
The City of Surigao is susceptible to both hydro-meteorological and geologic hazards based
on secondary data and technical findings of concerned national line agencies like PAGASA, DENR-
MGB, PHIVOLCS and others. These are mainly the inherent constraints and the technical discussions
and data sources contained herein were culled out from the comprehensive geo-hazard survey
covering the city’s 54 barangays conducted by the DENR-MGB 13 in 2004. Past disaster reports from
various agencies also formed part of the sources of information that facilitated the formulation of
the city’s hazard profile.
2.1.1 Hydro-meteorological hazards
Flooding
Flooding is the most common and perennially occurring hazard in the mainland of
Surigao City. This usually occurs along the river flood plains and coastal areas of the city
affecting no less than all of the city’s five (5) urban barangays, 12 coastal barangays in the
suburban and rural districts southeast and northwest of the urban area, and 10 barangays
along the Surigao River and one (1) barangay adjacent to the Anao-aon River.
The common occurrence of flooding in Surigao is either river flooding or coastal

flooding. For river flooding, the main source is the Surigao River and its tributaries Kinabutan
and Tumanday Rivers and several other unnamed creeks and channels. In most cases, river
flooding occurs with several factors coming into play. The most common contributors are
the volume and magnitude of rainfall, the current morphology of the river, diminished or
constricted catchment areas, and obstruction of the river flow. Similarly, coastal flooding
also takes on the following parameters; the structure and form of the coastal areas,
inclement weather conditions including storms and typhoons, tide levels, and the presence
or absence of mangroves or coastal vegetation.
The causes are usually related to the balance of the inflow and outflow of surface
waters. What usually transpired in the city is that this balance remains at tolerable levels
during normal weather conditions in spite of high tide levels usually blocking off drainage
outfall areas. But during heavy downpour, the surface run off waters would dump large
volumes into the river channels causing swelling and inundation of the nearby flood plains
affecting farm lands, settlements and infrastructure. The large amount of rainfall usually is
the main trigger that affects the volatile balance of surface water inflow and outflow,
together with such compounding factors like the tide level, condition of the river channels
and drainage canals, unregulated alteration of ground line and grade affecting the capacity
of natural basins, and the interplay of conditions in the city’s upland ecosystems like the loss
or deteriorating condition of forest vegetation.
The diminishing forest vegetation does not only affect the soil absorption capacity to
retain rainwater but it will also contribute to the more rapid travel of surface run-off and
siltation of river beds. This will put further strain in the river system’s capacity to absorb
large volume of water thus resulting to more frequent swelling and overflowing.
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The frequency of flood occurrence in the city averaged around one (1) to three (3)
events per year. A higher frequency of as much as five (5) events per year may occur along
the identified flood critical areas. Flood elevation ranges from a low of about 0.5 meters
along urban streets to a high of 3.2 meters in areas along the river flood plains. The most
recent and worst flooding that lasted for two (2) days in some areas was in mid-December
2003. The rainfall measuring 566.4 mm recorded in December 18, 2003 (PAGASA) topped
the 100 year record for the city and resulting to flood levels of as high as more than three (3)
meters.
From the list of about 28 mainland barangays identified as flood prone areas, the
table below further details the specific conditions in each barangay.
CRITICAL FLOOD PRONE AREAS

Surigao City
2004
Name of Barangay/ Description of
Recommendations
Sitio/Purok Geohazard
1. Bonifacio : Purok 2 Flooding – from overflow of the 1. Redesign, reconstruct
Surigao River, aggravated culvert across the
from impounding of creek highway
tributary due to small culvert 2. Formulate evacuation
drainage. plan for 31 houses
every time there
is continuous heavy
rain.
2. Bonifacio : Purok 7 Flooding – from overflow of the Formulation of an

Surigao River, affecting Integrated Surigao City Flood
whole of Purok 7 Mitigation Program
3. Cabongbongan : Flood and riverbank scouring – 1. Relocation of 4 houses along

Purok 2 and 3 due to very close distance of riverbank.
settlement from the 2. Impose easement
Cabongbongan river bank; at regulation along river
least four houses were bank
critically affected. 3. Study and formulation
of Flood Mitigation
Program.
4. Cagniog : Flooding – due to obstruction /
Purok 4, 5, 6 damming of Culvert. 1. Reconstruction /
redesign of culverts.
2. Construction /
improvement of
drainage canals.
5. Capalayan : Flood hazard – Almost all

Purok 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 settlements and ricefields 1. Study and formulation
were flooded last December of Flood Mitigation
2003 Program.
2. Impose easement
regulation along river
bank
6. Danao : Flood hazard – due to the Immediate provision of mitigating
Purok 1, 2 & 3 Suyok and Bongbong Creeks measures, such as::
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Recommendations
which have denuded 1. De-siltation of creek
watershed w/ numerous Channels.
landslide- and erosion-prone 2. Revise spillway design.
portions causing heavy 3. Imposition of easement
siltation of creek channels & regulation of 40 meters from
spillway. the riverbank
4. Relocation of houses from
the easement zone.
5. Reforestation of the
watershed.
6. Construction of river dike
along easement zone
7. Luna : Flood hazard – due to location Formulation of an Integrated
All Purok along Surigao River on the natural active Surigao River Flood Mitigation
floodplain of the Surigao Program
River.
8. Mabini : Flood hazard – from inundation 1. Construction of riprap or
Sitio Togonan Purok 5 of Caningag River affecting gabion type river dike along the
approximately 15 houses outer
bend of the river.
2. Damaged spillway must be
removed completely to ease the
flow of water to avoid back flow
effects.
9. Mabua : Flashflood hazard – from 1. Redesign culvert.
Purok 1,2,3,4 Mabua creek, aggravated by 2. Construct floodwall in
poor design of the culvert the downstream
drainage. One house partially portion of the culvert.
damaged at Purok 1 last Dec 3. Relocation of the
19, 2003 affected house.
10. Sabang : Coastal and River Flooding – Formulation of an Integrated

Whole Barangay due its location at the delta Surigao River Flood Mitigation
of Sabang River Program
11. San Juan : Flood hazard and riverbank 1. Formulation of an
Purok 6 scouring – due to close Integrated Surigao
proximity to the Kinabutan River Flood Mitigation
River, less than 50 meters. 10 Program
houses were destroyed during 2. Relocation of houses
December flood, 47 – 50 critically affected by
houses were affected. bank scouring.
12. San Roque : Flood hazard - from the Formulation of Integrated
Purok 4 overflow of the Surigao River Surigao City Flood
reaching houses 50 meters Mitigation Program
from the riverbank.
13. San Roque Flood hazard - from overflow of Formulation of an

the Surigao River; highly risky Integrated Surigao City Flood
to 7 houses in Area 1; and 17 Mitigation Program
houses in Area 2 due to flood
waters reaching 200 meters
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Recommendations
from the banks
14. Togbongon : Flashflood – critical due to Relocation of houses.
Sitio Songkoy proximity to main creek and
Purok 7 & 1 bounded by steep slopes on
other side.
15. Togbongon : Flashflood – due to location at Relocation of 5 houses.
Sitio Ulawan edge of alluvial plain and
Purok 6 base of slope.
16. Washington : Flood hazard – seasonally Formulation of an Integrated
Kaskag(Riverside), Bagong flooded from Surigao River Surigao River Flood Mitigation
Silang Purok 2 due to location in the natural Program
floodplain in the eastern part
of Surigao River delta. Flood
height ranged from 2.0 – 3.2
meters in Bagong Silang
(river side).
Source: Geo-Hazard Survey, DENR-MGB 13, 2004
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Landslides
The geologic setting and weather conditions of the city make it susceptible to both
earthquake-related and rain-induced landslides in some areas.
Landslides, as defined refers to the downward and outward movement of slope

forming materials composed of natural rock, soil, artificial fills or combination thereof.
Landslides move along surfaces of separation by falling, sliding and by flowing. A landslide
may start as a rock slide but at the time a flowing type of movement started, the materials
may be an unconsolidated mass of extremely rapidly moving debris as rapid as 100 kph
(Geo-Hazard Survey, DENR-MGB 13, 2004).
The material of the landslide may be predominantly soil such as in earth slump and
earthflow or predominantly rock such as in rock slide and rock fall, or a combination of soil
and rock such as in debris slide, debris slump and debris flow. All these types of landslides
occurred in Surigao City (Geo-Hazard Survey, DENR-MGB 13, 2004).
PHIVOLCS also showed in their hazard map a major fault line which is a part of the
Philippine Fault Zone cutting across the Province of Surigao del Norte affecting certain
portions of the city, specifically, along its western boundary. The movement of this fault line
may also trigger landslides.
Per technical geologic report of the DENR-MGB, there are several factors that trigger
landslides. The following, either as a single factor or a combination of several, are
considered the most common triggers, viz:
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1. Inherent weakening, shearing strength of the materials composing the slopes;
2. Deep weathering, producing weak bedrock and thick topsoil layers;
3. Steep slopes;
4. Presence of water seepages, rills and gullies (either natural or caused by human
action);
5. Sparse vegetation;
6. Presence of undercutting; and
7. Slope alteration due to unregulated development, poor site selection, and/or
incompatible land use(s).
Most of the landslides that occurred in the city happened along steep to extremely
steep slopes of from 30% (17o) to more than 85% (40o). However, there are occurrences also
in areas with only gentle to moderate slopes of from 18% (10o) to 30%. The aggravating
factors usually are the thickness of the topsoil layer and the presence of gullies and water
seepages.
The geo-hazard map (DENR-MGB, 2007), has identified several sloping areas of 39
barangays to be prone to earthquake-induced landslides and 29 barangays to rain-induced
landslides, with varying degrees of susceptibility.
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Areas within the city mainland that is susceptible to earthquake induced landslides.
BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDES

Surigao City
2007
EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED RAIN-INDUCED
Low to Moderate Low to Moderate
Low Low to High Low Low to High
Moderate to High Moderate to High
Anomar Alang- Trinidad Bonifacio Balibayon Anomar Bonifacio Capalayan
Alang
Baybay Alegria Washington Danao Orok Cagniog Cabong- Danao
bongan
Buenavista Bilabid Ipil Luna Canlanipa Mabini
Cagutsan Cabong- Libuac Ipil Mabua
bongan
Cantiasay Cagniog Mabini Lipata Mapawa
Lipata Canlanipa Mabua Nabago Mat-i
Lisondra Capalayan Mat-i Punta Bilar Poctoy
Luna Catadman Poctoy Quezon San Roque
Nabago Mapawa Punta Bilar Rizal Serna
Sidlakan Quezon Taft Silop
Silop Rizal Trinidad Sukailang
Talisay San Jose Washing- Togbongon
ton
San Roque
Serna
Sukailang
Togbongon
Source: Geo-Hazard Map, DENR-MGB, 2007
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In the 2004 geo-hazard survey conducted by the DENR-MGB 13, a more thorough
and more specific identification of landslide-prone areas were identified. The results of the
survey showed that there are 47 areas in 28 barangays that are considered in critical
condition.
Landslides were found to have occurred in all types of material composing the
slopes. Landslide occurred in andesite bedrock in Brgys Danao, Ipil, Lipata, Mabua, Rizal,
Togbongon, San Roque, Poctoy, Mat-I, Bonifacio, Luna, Trinidad and Cabongbongan; and in
Ultramafic rocks in Brgys Punta Bilar, Lipata, Mat-I, San Jose, Nonoc, Cantiasay, Talisay,
Cagutsan, Bitaugan and Manjagao. In other barangays landslides occurred in Sedimentary
Rocks such as conglomerate, sandstones and limestone, and in Terrace gravel bedrock, such
as, in Brgys Washington, Luna, Taft. Canlanipa, Cagniog and Capalayan. Furthermore,
landslides occurred in artificial filling materials of road pavements in Mapawa, Cagniog,
Silop, Bonifacio and in the SMWD reservoir (Geo-Hazard Report, DENR-MGB 13, 2004).
The most recent and worst rain-induced landslide happened in mid-December 2003,
in Sitio Kinabutan, Brgy. Rizal, destroying eight (8) houses and killing 12 persons. Rock and
soil flowed downslope with such velocity destroying even concrete houses along its path
with debris reaching up to 150 meters from the base of the slope.
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CRITICAL LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS
Surigao City
2004

Recommendations
1. Put road sign indicating

1. Bonifacio: Earth slump - incipient landslide
damaged road.
Along Road coupled with scouring of road
2. Repair of road
to Silop pavement
3. Consider rerouting.
1. Remove old landslide

materials.
Debris slide – in recurrent 2. Put road sign warning
2. Bonifacio: landslide area of weathered commuters of hazard
Purok 1A, andesite rocks with very 3. Consider rerouting of
Km 6 steep slopes planted to Hi-way
coconuts. Roadside has only 4. Redesign slope
2 meters buffer zone protection
5. Relocate houses near
landslide.
Debris slump – due to high

angled slopes left by former
Relocate all existing houses at
quarry in weathered terrace
3. Cagniog : Purok 8 the foot slope
gravel rock formation. High
risk to houses only 5 meters
from the slope. 4 houses
destroyed in landslide.
1. Immediate evacuation
of the 2 houses and the
settlement of Purok 2
Potential Landslide – indicated
during continuous
4. Canlanipa : by soil creep in Terrace
heavy rainfall.
Purok Tower gravel formation; only 1-2
2. Medium-term goal –
meters from existing houses
relocation of houses
and Purok 2 to safer
grounds.
1. Immediate evacuation
of residents during
Debris slump – in very steep continuous heavy
5. Canlanipa :
slopes with recent landslide rainfall.
Sitio Housing
affecting existing houses. 2. Medium-term goal –
relocation of houses to safer
grounds
1. Immediate rehabilitation
of the damaged road
portions.
Earth slump – recent occurrence 2. Study rerouting of some
6. Capalayan :
of this type of landslide has road portions.
Purok 8
damaged barangay roads 3. Put early warning
device as pre-
cautionary measure to
the commuters.
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Recommendations
Debris flow/avalanche – due to 1. Area to the east of the
very steep slopes in landslide must be off-
weathered sedimentary rocks limit to houses.
7. Capalayan :
planted to coconuts. 2. Other houses nearby
Sitio Mananod,
Approximately 60 meters from must be vigilant and
Purok 2
the road; 4 houses were ready to evacuate
destroyed; 2 casualties during continuous
during Dec 18, 2004 rains. heavy rains.
Debris/earth slide - in
weathered rocks with very
Evacuation of local residents
8. Danao : steep slopes (30 degrees),
every time there is continuous
Purok 1 with one meter soil layer;
heavy rain.
drained by Bongbong creek.
Risky to settlement 20
meters away.
Debris slide – very steep slopes
9. Danao : (70º), 50m relief from creek, 1m Temporary settlement should be
Purok 3 topsoil over weathered volcanic encouraged to relocate
rocks; cocoland.
Rockslide – highly critical to
nearby houses
10. Ipil :
directly at the bottom of
Purok Alang- Relocation of the houses
the hill with steep
alang
slopes and bedded
sedimentary rocks
Debris slump, mudflow, complex
landslide - Aggravated by the
11. Ipil : Sitio Mitigation measures for the
presence of Pacemco quarry at
Palhi unstable grounds necessary.
the ridge top about 200m above
the houses
1. Immediate stabilization
Debris/rock slide – due to
of the slope to protect
12. Ipil : recurrent landslide in
the roadway and the
Sitio Kahoy fractured and weathered
commuters such as
(Ipil-Lipata road andesite rocks with very
slope benching.
junction) steep slopes ( 60 to 70
2. Study rerouting of
degrees angle)
roadway
Debris slump - in highly
13. Lipata: weathered rocks with 30º Immediate evacuation of local
Purok 5 to vertical slopes settlement in the vicinity
Debris slide - in loose ground,

14. Lipata: very steep slopes. 2 houses
Settlement should be relocated
Purok 5 destroyed by landslide on Dec.
17, 2004
1. Rehabilitate slope to increase
Debris slide – recurrent slides in
stability.
15. Lipata: very steep, weak slopes, 5-
2. Closely monitor the slope.
Purok 1 10meters away from the
3. Relocate water
school.
reservoir.
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Recommendations
Rock slide, rock falls - in an

16. Lipata: area of recurrent slides,
Relocation recommended
Purok 1 about 5- 7meters from
houses.
Debris slide – due to very steep

17. Luna : slopes in weathered andesite
Relocation of subject house
Sitio Bacud rocks. One house is only 5 to 10
meters away.
1. Close monitoring of
slope
Debris slide – due to very steep (i.e. extensometer)
slopes in weathered andesite 2. Evacuation of residents
18. Luna :
rocks. Houses are only 40 to 60 during continuous
Sitio San Vicente
meters away. Ice plant partly heavy rainfall.
Purok 5 (behind ice plant)
damaged during Dec 18, 2004 3. Short-term goal –
heavy rainfall. Relocation of the nearby
houses to safer
grounds.
1. Evacuation of 2 houses
Debris slump – in highly during continuous
weathered terrace gravel with heavy rainfall.
19. Luna :
very steep slopes, high risk to 2 2. Medium-term goal –
Bernadette
houses about 25 meters from the relocation of the 2
footslope. houses to safer
grounds.
Debris slump – in highly 1. Evacuation of 2 houses
weathered terrace gravel with during continuous
very steep slopes, high risk to 2 heavy rainfall
20. Luna: Shrine houses about 50 -100 2. Medium-term goal –
meters from the footslope, 1 relocation of the 2
nipa hut destroyed in houses to safer
December 2003. grounds.
1. Evacuation of houses
during continuous
Debris slump – in weathered
heavy rainfall.
21. Luna : sedimentary rock with steep
2. Medium-term goal –
Upper Looc slopes; only 2 meters from
relocation of the
settlement
houses to safer
grounds.
Debris slump - occurred Two (2) households downslope
22. Mabua: recently in weathered rocks must watch out for landslide
Purok 6 with slopes converted to whenever there is continuous
agricultural use rain.
Debris slide – due to very steep

23. Mapawa : slopes in weathered andesite
Relocation of 1 house
Purok 5 rocks. Settlement is only 5 meters
away.
Debris/earth slump – due to
1. Monitor tension cracks.
weathered ultramafic rocks
24. Mat-I : 2. Evacuation of houses
with recurrent landslides and
Sitio Bambaran, Pinaypayan every time there is
very steep slopes (70 – 80
Purok 13 continuous heavy rain.
degrees). Highly risky to 11
houses.
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Recommendations
Debris slump – potential
Landslide in weathered Immediate installation of
25. Nabago:
sedimentary rocks with very extensometer for monitoring
Purok 2
steep slopes in agricultural purposes.
land use
1. Residents must be
Potential landslide – indicated
vigilant and ready to
by soil creep in highly
evacuate during
weathered rocks, with very
26. Orok: Purok 3 continuous heavy rains
steep slope angle,
2. Consider future
endangering at least 4
relocation to
houses at the base of slope
safer place
27. Punta Bilar: Rockslide – in very steep (40 Evacuation of households every
Sitio Looc deg) andesite rocks. High time there is continuous heavy
Purok 4 risk to 4 houses about 10 to rain.
20 meters from toe of slide.
Debris slide – in fractured rocks
28. Punta Bilar: with very steep slopes, w/ Immediate evacuation everytime
Sitio Bombels Purok 1 landslide scarp about 15m by there is continuous heavy rainfall.
30m
Slope rehabilitation which may be
Debris slide – in highly weathered
done by:
29. Quezon: sedimentary rocks with very steep
a. slope benching, or
(Behind NFA) slopes. Highly risky to settlement
b. riprapping
only 15 meters away.
1. Immediate relocation of
30. Rizal : Debris slump – recent landslide residential houses from four sites
area, with very steep slopes, including the disaster site of Dec
Sitio Balibayon highly weathered rocks; 19, 2003.
and cocoland; with the barangay at 2. Sufficient buffer zone from the
Kinabutan 2 the base of slope. base of slopes must be imposed
(say 300 meters).
Debris slump – very steep
slopes in fractured rocks Relocation of 3 houses and
31. Rizal :
traversed by a creek; chapel which are highly at risk at
Sitio Lumaban
cocoland with thick the base of slope.
(3m) topsoil layer.
Debris slump – found in

32. Rizal : fractured and weathered
Purok Tumanday, andesite rocks with 0.5 Relocation of the house.
Purok 1 meters thick soil and very
steep slope angle (30º). One
(1) household is highly at risk
Debris slump – in fractured and
weathered andesite rocks,
with 1 – 3 meters thick soil
33. Rizal : Relocation of house owned by
layer and very steep slopes
Porferia Tero
(30 – 35 degrees). Highly
Sitio Kinabutan (8 persons)
risky to 1 house, located 15
meters from toe of landslide.
Page 17
Recommendations
Rock fall – in very steep
limestone slopes planted to Impose
34. San Roque : coconuts. About 10 to 20 sufficient buffer zone
Purok 4 meters from settlement area.
Could be triggered by an
earthquake
Debris slide – in weathered
Andesite rocks with very steep
35. San Roque : slopes (58%) with one meter
Immediate relocation of houses
thick soil layer. Settlement is only
remaining on site.
Purok 1 20 meters away. Last Dec 19,
2003, 8 houses were destroyed
with 1 fatality
1. Evacuation of 15
houses during
Debris slump – in weathered continuous heavy
36. Taft :
terrace gravel with steep rainfall.
slopes; high risk to several 2. Medium-term goal –
Purok Calipayan
houses relocation of the
houses to safer
grounds.
Debris slump and flashflood
37. Togbongon : – recent slide area; cocoland
with very steep slopes and Relocation of settlement.
Sitio Songkoy weathered rocks; with limited
valley width.
Debris slump – recent slide area;

38. Togbongon :”
undercut by Ulawan creek; with Relocation during heavy rains.
Sitio Ulawan
very steep slopes
1. Relocation of the
houses along the
Debris slide, Incipient landslides - highway at the base of
uphill from the PACEMCO slope.
39. Trinidad:
quarry. Situation is highly risky to 2. Provision of
Km 14
houses along the National engineering measures
Highway. 3. Institute evacuation
procedures for houses
that will remain on site.
1. Relocation of all
houses in entire Purok
Pagasa.
2. Implement engineering
Debris slide – in weathered measures to prevent
40. Washington: Terrace gravel rock formation landslides.
Purok Pagasa / Candaba with very steep to vertical cliff; 3. Impose sufficient buffer
Complex extremely risky to all houses and zone at the base of
(beside Caraga Hospital and business establishments located slope.
along RizalStreet) on the slopes and at the base of 4. No houses / business
slope of the hill. establishment be cons-
tructed along the
roadside 5. Conversion
of area into forest park
or tourist spot.
Page 18
Recommendations
1. Residents should be prepared
Earthslide – in moderately
to evacuate during continuous
41. Baybay: fractured sedimentary rocks;
heavy rainfall.
Sitio Panumbayon highly risky to houses,
2. Medium term – relocation of
10 to 15 meters away
the houses
Landslide – highly potential due 1. Residents should be prepared
to weathered Ultramafic rocks to evacuate during continuous
with thick soil cover (2-3 m) and heavy rainfall.
42. Bitaugan :
very steep slopes (58-119%) and 2. Medium term – relocation of
Purok 2 and 3
high relief. Highly risky to purok the houses possibly to Purok
settlement in a narrow coastal 1 or reclamation area east of
plain at the footslope. Purok 1.
Debris slump – in Ultramafic
43. Cagutsan : rocks with 0.5 to 1.0m topsoil,
heavy rainfall.
Purok 3 critical to houses at the base of
2. Medium term – relocation of
the hill.
houses
Landslide – Potential hazard in
very steep mountain slopes with Formulate evacuation
44. Libuac : sandstone bedrock; School preparedness plan for the
Purok 3 & 4 building is 1 meter from the evacuation of school occupants in
footslope and the water reservoir times of continuous heavy rainfall.
only 15m away
1. Reforestation on the upper
slopes.
Debris slump – in highly
2. Provision of drainage canal to
weathered ultramafic rocks with
control surface run-off
45. Manjagao : 1-3 meters topsoil and very steep
Purok 4 slopes 50 meters high; very risky
to houses at the base of slope,
heavy rainfall.
confined in a narrow coastal plain
4. Consider long term relocation
of the houses
1. Slope stabilization,
Landslide – in highly weathered
such as benching.
ultramafics rocks with 2m topsoil,
46. San Jose : 2. Slope vegetation.
steep gradient (47- 58%), with
Purok 4 3. Consider relocation of
high school building constructed
the houses at the
at the upper slopes
base of slope.
Earthflow – in intensely
weathered ultramafic rocks 1. No houses should be allowed
47. Talisay : with thick soil cover (2-5 to reconstruct at the site.
meters), cut by a gully from 0– 2. Any house existing at
East of Mining 5 100 meters high on the the site should be
area slopes. 1 house was buried relocated to a safer
at the small coastal plain at place.
the base of slope on Dec 19,
2003, causing 2 casualties.
Source of Information: Geo-Hazard Survey, DENR-MGB 13, 2004
Page 19
Storm/Coastal Surges
Storm surges occur as the surge of sea water levels or waves as a result of extremely
high winds usually associated with tropical cyclones. High winds push sea water rapidly,
building it up into huge waves. Tropical cyclones also create low pressure spots where water
levels rise while such levels sink in areas of higher pressure. This condition aggravates the
wave buildup caused by the winds. The shape of the ocean floor may affect also wave
heights of the storm surge when they reach land.
Historically, storm surges occur in the city as a result of tropical cyclones. PAGASA
has classified the location of Surigao as belonging to the less frequent zone or area affected
by tropical cyclones entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). From 2000-2009,
none of the 193 tropical cyclones directly hit the city, although 10 cyclones affected the area
at least on the level of a Public Storm Warning Signal (PSWS) No. 2 (maximum winds of 60
kph).
TROPICAL CYCLONES AFFECTING SURIGAO CITY

(PSWS No. 2 Levels & Above)
2000-2009
Total Maximum
Cyclones Sustained
Year Category Name Date(s)
entering Winds
PAR (kph)
2009 22 Depression Bising Feb. 13-14 45
Depression Urduja Nov. 23-25 55
2008 21 Storm Ambo Apr. 13-15 65
Storm Quinta Nov. 6-9 85
Depression Rolly Nov. 7-9 45
2007 13 Typhoon Lando Nov. 19-20 130
2006 20
2005 18
2004 25 Storm Gener Jan. 7-11 65
Depression Pablo Sep. 15-17 55
2003 25 Depression Zigzag Dec. 24-27 55
2002 13 Depression Caloy
2001 17
2000 19
Source: PAGASA, www.typhoon2000.ph
Although the city may be located in a less frequent zone of tropical cyclones, its
location in the country’s eastern seaboard facing the Pacific Ocean makes it still vulnerable.
From 1947-2002, the top 10 worst cyclones that hit Mindanao had Surigao being affected by
no less than eight (8) with at least four (4) of it: Nitang, Ining, Puring and Bebeng, directly
hitting the city. Super typhoon Ining in 1964 hit the city hard creating storm surges, per
community historical accounts relayed through generations. It clocked an estimated 280-290
kph over water just before making landfall south of Siargao Is., Surigao del Norte.
Page 20
TOP TEN (10) WORST CYCLONES OF MINDANAO
1947-2002
Highest Wind Estimated
Name Period of Occurrence Speed Deaths Damage
Recorded (in billion PhP)
NITANG August 31-September 220 kph 1,363-3,000 4.100
4, 1984
RUPING November 10-14, 220 kph 748 10.846
1990
INING November 15-20, 240 kph 400 0.010
1964
TITANG October 16-23, 1970 095 kph 631 1.750
PURING December 25-28, 150 kph 45 0.152
1993
BISING March 22-29, 1982 100 kph 288 0.590
NANANG November 6-9, 2001 90 kph 236 3.200
AURING January 22-25, 1975 110 kph 39 0.016
LUCY November 25- 121 kph 5(?) undetermined
December 1, 1962
BEBENG March 1-4, 1967 120 kph no data no data
Source: PAGASA, www.typhoon2000.com.ph
Such historical accounts of strong typhoons hitting the city showed the vulnerability
of its area, especially those barangays located in the coastal areas and islands. PAGASA
identified no less than 35 barangays in the mainland and islands of the city as potential areas
that may suffer storm surges. The inundation ranged from one (1) to four (4) meter surges.
During typhoon Nitang, storm surges destroyed the city’s port facilities, washed up
structures in the coastal areas and even brought a cargo barge inland.
BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO STORM SURGES

Surigao City
Alang-Alang Cagutsan Lisondra San Juan
Alegria Canlanipa Mabua San Pedro
Aurora Cantiasay Manjagao Sidlakan
Balibayon Catadman Nabago Sugbay
Baybay Danawan Nonoc Taft
Bilabid Day-asan Punta Bilar Talisay
Bitaugan Ipil Sabang Washington
Buenavista Libuac San Isidro Zaragosa
Cagniog Lipata San Jose
Source: Geo-Hazard Map, PAGASA, 2007
Page 21
2.1.2 Geologic Hazards
Earthquake Ground Shaking
The active earthquake generators in the city are the Philippine Fault Zone
transecting the city in its western boundary with the Province of Surigao del Norte and the
other one is the Philippine Trench off the Coast of Siargao Island. Any movement by these
two (2) active earthquake generators will produce a worst case scenario and ground shaking
reaching as much as Intensity VII to Intensity VIII based on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake
Intensity Scale (PEIS).
All of the city’s 54 barangays are affected by ground shaking conditions with all of
the 33 mainland barangays categorized at Intensity VIII including the five (5) island
barangays located in Bilabid and Bayagnan Islands. The remaining 15 island barangays in the
Islands of Nonoc, Hanigad, Sibale, and Hikdop fall under Intensity VIII.
Page 22
BARANGAYS AFFECTED BY GROUND SHAKING
Surigao City
INTENSITY VIII INTENSITY VII
Anomar Nonoc Alang-Alang
Balibayon Orok Alegria
Bitaugan Poctoy Aurora
Bonifacio Punta Bilar Bilabid
Cabongbongan Quezon Baybay
Cagniog Rizal Buenavista
Cagutsan Sabang Cantiasay
Canlanipa San Isidro Catadman
Capalayan San Jose Danawan
Danao San Juan Libuac
Day-asan San Roque Lisondra
Ipil Serna Nonoc
Lipata Silop San Pedro
Luna Sugbay Sidlakan
Mabini Sukailang Talisay
Mabua Taft Zaragosa
Manjagao Togbongon
Mapawa Trinidad
Mat-i Washington
Nabago
Source: Geo-Hazard Map, PHIVOLCS, 2007
With the above projected scenario of a worst case Intensity VIII ground shaking
affecting the mainland where the urban area, the central business district, the government
center, all utility providers, major ports and other infrastructure are located, there is a high
level of risk and potential loss of lives and properties involved.
PEIS Intensity VII is characterized as destructive. Most people are frightened and run
outdoors. People find it difficult to stand in upper floors. Heavy objects and furniture
overturn or topple. Big church bells may ring. Old or poorly-built structures suffer
considerably damage. Some well-built structures are slightly damaged. Some cracks may
appear on dikes, fish ponds, road surface, or concrete hollow block walls. Limited
liquefaction, lateral spreading and landslides are observed. Trees are shaken strongly.
(www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph)
PEIS Intensity VIII is characterized as very destructive. People find it difficult to stand
even outdoors. Many well-built buildings are considerably damaged. Concrete dikes and
foundation of bridges are destroyed by ground settling or toppling. Railway tracks are bent
or broken. Tombstones may be displaced, twisted or overturned. Utility posts, towers and
monuments mat tilt or topple. Water and sewer pipes may be bent, twisted or broken.
Liquefaction and lateral spreading cause man- made structure to sink, tilt or topple.
Numerous landslides and rockfalls occur in mountainous and hilly areas. Boulders are
thrown out from their positions particularly near the epicenter. Fissures and faults rapture
may be observed. Trees are violently shaken. Water splash or stop over dikes or banks of
rivers. (www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph)
Page 23
Historically however, there are no recorded destructive or very destructive
earthquakes that affect the city or within the immediate vicinity of the Province of Surigao
del Norte in the last 50 years or more.
Ground Rupture
The movement of the part of the Philippine Fault Zone located west of the city may
cause ground rupture. Its estimated location along the boundary of the city and the
Municipality of San Francisco, more or less running along the Anao-aon River, may affect
four (4) mainland barangays namely: Danao, Ipil, Mabini and Mat-i.
However, the location of the fault zone does not pose any immediate or direct
threat to existing settlements or structures in the area. There are no habitable structures or
settlements that are being transected by the fault zone or anything near it. Barangay Danao,
the closest barangay to the fault line has its settlement area still way far off and several
times farther than the minimum five-meter buffer zone. The same condition is true for the
other three (3) barangays where the fault line transects along forest areas.
The only probable critical posed by ground rupture is the possible cutting off of the
only road linking the adjacent municipalities of San Francisco and Malimono with that of the
city and their link to the Pan Philippine Highway. This condition may affect motorists and will
cause socio-economic disruption affecting the movement and exchange of goods and
services.
Page 24
Earthquake-Related Hazards
Given the high probability of having strong earthquakes in the locality, among the
related hazards that comes with it are: earthquake-induced landslides, liquefaction, and
tsunami.
Earthquake-induced landslides have already been discussed in the earlier section.

For Liquefaction, no less than 47 barangays of the city are affected, in varying degrees of
susceptibility. 32 barangays including all of the city’s urban bararangays and suburban areas
are classified as highly susceptible, six (6) from moderate to high susceptibility, four (4)
moderate, one (1) low to moderate and four (4) low.
BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LIQUEFACTION

Surigao City
Low Low to Moderate Moderate Moderate to High High
(4) (1) (4) (6) (32)
Alang-Alang Lisondra Alegria Aurora Balibayon
Buenavista Anomar Baybay Bitaugan
Libuac Catadman Bilabid Bonifacio
San Jose Zaragosa Mabini Cagniog
Mat-i Cagutsan
Nonoc Canlanipa
Cantiasay
Capalayan
Danao
Page 25
Low Low to Moderate Moderate Moderate to High High
(4) (1) (4) (6) (32)
Day-asan
Ipil
Lipata
Luna
Mabua
Manjagao
Nabago
Orok
Poctoy
Punta Bilar
Quezon
Rizal
Sabang
San Isidro
San Juan
San Pedro
San Roque
Serna
Sugbay
Taft
Talisay
Togbongon
Washington
Given the high susceptibility of urban and suburban barangays, some of which are
fully built-up with population density of more than 350 persons per hectare, the threat is
indeed great especially with existing structures not built to mitigate such hazard conditions.
This threat is further amplified with the changing of the city’s skyline where a great deal of
new constructions are more than three (3) storeys high.
Page 26
Tsunami is another earthquake-related hazard that may affect the city. No less than
38 barangays are susceptible to tsunami, especially if the tsunami is locally generated. The
only consolation for the city is its relative safety from pacific originating tsunami because of
the numerous islands off-shore, including the large islands of Dinagat, Siargao and Bucas
Grande which acted as buffer and protective cover.
There were no recorded incidents or historical accounts of tsunami in the city. A

hypothetical assessment of a possible local tsunami using the PHIVOLCS Rapid Earthquake
Damage Assessment System (REDAS) would generate the following scenario, viz:
HYPOTHETICAL LOCAL TSUNAMI SCENARIO1

Surigao City
Earthquake Magnitude 8.0 8.0
Source Distance 100 kms. 50 kms.
Tsunami Run-Up 7.1 meters 10.04 meters
Off-Shore Height 2.9 meters 3.9 meters
Maximum Inundation Distance 3.54 kms. 5.70 kms.
1
Calculations based on PHIVOLCS-REDAS Software
The above-cited local tsunami scenario is based on the probability of an earthquake

occurring within the city’s territorial waters or proximate to it like in the areas of the Leyte
Gulf, Surigao Strait, Dinagat Sound, Bohol Sea and Hinatuan Passage. There is however no
recorded earthquakes registering more than Magnitude 7.0 in the area in the last 100 years.
The highest was Magnitude 6.8, Depth 40 kms., in the Dinagat Sound (10o North, 125o42’
East) last August 23, 1975 (PHIVOLCS-REDAS).
Page 27
BARANGAYS PRONE TO TSUNAMI
Surigao City
Alang-Alang Canlanipa Mabua San Pedro
Alegria Cantiasay Manjagao Sidlakan
Aurora Catadman Nabago Sugbay
Balibayon Danawan Nonoc Taft
Baybay Day-asan Orok Talisay
Bilabid Ipil Punta BIlar Togbongon
Bitaugan Libuac Sabang Washington
Buenavista Lipata San Isidro Zaragosa
Cagniog Lisondra San Jose
Cagutsan Luna San Juan
Page 28
Projected tsunami inundation map in the urban and suburban areas.
2.2 Derived Constraints
Just like any small city and historically built old settlement in the country, Surigao City also
faced several man-made issues that have serious physical development implications. The major ones
are the present congestion in the central business district (CBD); the narrow areas and geologic
constraints of major transportation links like the seaport and airport; and the backlogs in
infrastructure development which are mostly reactive owing to the city’s limited capacity to finance
capital projects.
Congestion at the CBD. The concentration of development and related support services in
the CBD has already taken its toll through the years. In the 1930’s and even in the 1950’s,
settlements are mostly concentrated in the coastal flat lands with practically none existing in the
foothills located in the southern part and in the swampy inundated areas across the Surigao River in
the western part of the poblacion area.
Page 29
Old Surigao maps showing the concentration of settlements within the present urban core in 1930 (above) and
in 1950 (below) and none beyond the Surigao River in the western portion.
Page 30
Unregulated human activities prior to the first zoning regulations were put in place in 1980
have eventually encroached on swampy and inundated areas adjacent to the town center across the
river, creating large settlement zones of liquefaction-prone and flood-prone areas, diminishing the
city’s natural basins and creating problems in the capacity of urban drainage canals to handle surface
run-off water efficiently. Perennial flooding of the city’s tributaries has also rendered these low-lying
settlements highly vulnerable especially in such areas as the Brgys. of Taft, Washington, San Juan,
Sabang and Canlanipa. The foot hills surrounding the limited flat lands near the city are also not
spared from being settled and encroached on, thus creating mixed use residential communities that
are highly vulnerable to landslides.
Problems in traffic and circulation are also created with the CBD primarily patterned after
the Spanish pueblo of old, where the central market, the city cathedral, major schools, shopping
centers, city park and the city hall are clustered and in near proximity with each other. The day time
concentration of population in the CBD aggravated further by narrow two-lane streets also
contributed further to traffic conditions at peak hours of the day. Parking regulations, setbacks and
related road-rights-of-way (RROW) issues further compounded the problem of smooth circulation
and congestion in the CBD.
The urban center of the city at present consisting of the CBD and the settlements that expanded across the
Surigao River.
Although efforts were put in place in the past to decongest the CBD and provide for outward
expansion like the location of the Lipata Ferry Terminal in the northwestern portion together with a
city-owned resort facility, plus the putting up of an Integrated Land Transport Terminal in Brgy. Luna
near the city airport about 4 kms. south of the CBD, these generally remained slow-paced except for
two (2) major mall development projects in the past two (2) years.
Limited Land Area for the Main Seaport and City Airport. The Surigao City Base Port located
in Brgy. Taft is located in a narrow strip of land. This places constraints on the quantity of sea vessels
and containerized cargo that can be handled at a given time. Expansion works will eventually entail
Page 31
large reclamation works and deepening of the Bilang-Bilang bay so that port capacity will be
expanded to handle increased volume of trade and commerce.
The city airport on the other hand, particularly the present runway, is hemmed in by hills on
its southern end and a river channel on the northern portion. This posed constraint in terms of
runway extension works so that the city’s airport will be able to accommodate commercial jet
aircraft currently used by local carriers. Moreover, its general location is slowly being engulfed by
urban expansion, which poses problems in terms of buffer requirements, airport zone height
restrictions and traffic issues.
The city port area in the foreground hemmed-in by existing built-up area in the North with limited expansion
area except extending further South by reclamation or pier extension.
Backlogs in Infrastructure Development. There are quite a large number of concrete roads
and farm-to-market roads in the city mainland. However their present width and the obstructions on
the RROW restrict their capacity to function effectively. Moreover, the absence of arterial circulation
roads to connect the southern barangays of Togbongon to Mabini to the Agusan-Surigao highway
restrain the development potential of these areas and continue to contribute to the strain on the
main highway. The northwestern tip of the city mainland comprising the Ipil-Mabua-Punta Bilar
barangays must also be provided with a coastal road linkage to provide alternate route and direct
linkage to the CBD San Juan-Lipata Coastal Road. Another critical arterial link that must also be
provided to allow circumferential east to west access is the road that should be provided to connect
the city seaport through Canlanipa and the Arellano District highway. Circumferential roads are also
absent in multi-barangay islands like Hikdop, Hanigad and Bayagnan.
Another backlog is in terms of the upgrading of ports and jetties in the island barangays
which continue to pose inconvenience and inefficiencies for commuters and in the movement of
goods and services. There are also issues confronting the lack of stable power supply in the islands
and the still remaining number of households relying on Level 1 water supply. The off grid location of
these island barangays remain a daunting challenge for the city’s utilities development.
Page 32
As previously mentioned, the short runway of the city airport also limits its capacity to
accommodate bigger aircrafts thus seriously affecting tourism and trade potentials of the city.
Compounding the problem is the limitation posed by extending the runway on the southern end
which already run in conflict with the existing national highway, not to mention, the foothills in the
vicinity of the south end which would affect flight approach and take-off. The northern end
extension would also run across the river bend.
The City Airport showing the runway whose planned extension would entail a bigger investment cost with the
southern end running almost perpendicular affecting the national highway and the northern end traversed by
the Surigao River.
On the aspect of telecommunications, mobile communications has to be expanded to

include coverage, especially for broadband access in remote areas and there is also the need for an
increase in the present bandwidth of telecommunications provider(s) to support the operations of
business process outsourcing industries in the locality.
These are the major infrastructure backlogs that have to be addressed by the city in line with
the pursuit of its development vision.
Page 33
CHAPTER 3
Vision-Mission Statement
3.1 Vision and Mission
Vision
In the last three (3) decades when development planning was instituted in the City of
Surigao, the city’s development direction revolves around the attainment of its vision of becoming
an industrial, commercial and educational center in the region – particularly in its primary service
and influence area in the northeastern Mindanao Pacific Rim.
As such, the development strategy focused on the optimum utilization of its natural resource
base, particularly agriculture and fisheries, mining and mineral processing, and development of the
tourism and services sector. This is coupled with the move to enhance educational facilities to
provide an adequate pool of professionals and skilled manpower.
The varied strategies adopted in pursuit of this development vision, as stipulated in the
several medium term development plans of the past years have shown substantial headway in
bringing about the envisioned improvements in the life of the local constituents. As such, tourism
and educational development has gained momentum and the city is now considered to be the front
runner in the whole region in these sectors. Moreover, the push for industrial development is
gaining ground in the past five (5) years, with renewed investor interests in the mining sector – one
of the city’s primary economic bases.
Thus, in the light of these significant achievements, the city’s vision was revisited and
ultimately re-crafted to suit better to the changing needs and present development context. As a
point of caution however, such re-crafting of the city’s vision should not be interpreted as a move to
redirect development directions and priorities but rather, it is a move to push further development
efforts to a much higher level. The newly crafted vision incorporates the pillars of the old one and it
now puts emphasis on good governance and environmental quality as the new millennium special
concerns for development. Environmentally quality also presupposes the need to effectively
manage and reduce disaster risks and adapt to climate changes.
The city’s vision then as revisited and re-crafted now states, viz:
With the blessings of the Divine Providence, Surigao in 2025: a model city for good
governance, economic dynamism, and environmental quality.
Mission
In support of the city’s vision and development framework, its mission statement was also
consequently re-crafted. As such, the new mission statement expressed the local government’s
continuing commitment to strive for the attainment of a balanced and equitable development,
anchored on the tenets of good governance, multi-stakeholders’ cooperation and convergence. This
mission statement expresses the city’s responsibility towards the attainment of its development
vision and greatly enhances its reason for being and purpose.
Thus, the city’s mission statement now declares, viz:
Page 34
To continuously raise the standards of governance through the empowerment of our
citizenry. The outcomes from effective partnerships and cooperation shall secure total quality of
life of all our citizens. We are open to share our own experience and learn from the best practices
of other cities in Caraga, in Mindanao, and the rest of the country.
3.2 Vision Elements, Descriptors and Success Indicators
3.2.1 Qualities of the People as Individuals
In the social aspects of the vision, the drive towards being a model city presupposes
the basic concern for people welfare especially the promotion of responsible citizenship,
reduction of crime rates, participatory governance and community mobilization. The key is
the promotion of peace-loving and responsible citizens. The Surigaonon is basically peaceful
as evidenced by a lower crime rate compared to other cities of the same size and class.
There is however the challenge of sustaining peaceful conditions with the influx of migrants
amidst increasing urbanization and economic opportunities. Vigilance and responsibility of
every individual member of society shall be promoted and maintained so that the existing
livable conditions conducive of productivity and economic growth will remain enabled.
3.2.2 Qualities of the People as Society
Support, cooperation and convergence remain the basic elements of a peaceful and
productive society. These are practically critical human elements that would bring about the
success of any development design. Continuing promotion and empowerment of
communities shall be pursued to include the expanded provision of basic social services
aimed at capacitating the vulnerable groups and promoting healthy lifestyles to reduce
morbidity and mortality incidences brought about by lifestyle-related diseases. Moreover,
another critical human development component of the city’s aim to become a model city is
the development of a workforce responsive of its local industrial and service demands. Thus,
formal education, technical-vocational training, alternative learning systems and other
livelihood skills development program shall be enhanced as a vital component in its push for
economic dynamism.
3.2.3 Nature of the Local Economy
The vision subsumes the basics for economic development and signifies the push for
city competitiveness, thus bringing previous and present development efforts into a much
higher level than just self-sufficiency and being the region’s best performing city. The need
for city competitiveness is greatly stressed by the pressing need to bring in investments for a
more robust commerce and trade, the development of agriculture, tourism and mining
industries, and the enactment of business-friendly policies.
In-bound direct investments is indispensable for the city to allow optimum

development of its industrial base, expand employment opportunities to increase local
purchasing power thus enhancing commerce and trade, and for it to reach economies of
scale in the long run.
As such, the development strategy focused on the optimum utilization of its natural
resource base, particularly agriculture and fisheries, mining and mineral processing, and
development of the tourism and services sector.
Page 35
3.2.4 State of the Natural Environment
Surigao is blessed with abundant natural resources and a beautiful landscape that
would enable it to realize its envisioned development in the midst of preserving the integrity
of its ecosystems. The necessary element that needs to be achieved in this area is to strike
the critical balance between protection, conservation, resource utilization and development.
The maintenance of ecological balance between the built-up area and natural ecosystems
need to be aptly addressed not only for the basic requirements of food production, greening
and natural protection, but more so for purposes of reducing disaster risks and enhancing
community capabilities or resiliencies in adapting to climate changes.
The bottom line is to attain its desired level of development without adversely
damaging the innate richness its natural environment. Thus, an ecosystem based approach
shall be considered in urban planning so that urban expansion and the related infrastructure
components of development will be analyzed thoroughly vis-à-vis its impacts in the larger
environs borne out of the interplay between the ridge to reef ecosystems.
Conservation of remaining protected areas such as forests, watershed reserves,

mangroves, inland water bodies and coastal reefs shall be enforced and this will be coupled
with the imposition of no-build hazard zones, river easements, coastal salvage zones,
agricultural and industrial buffer zones to avoid degradation and minimize risks.
3.2.5 Condition of the Built Environment
The emphasis on the development of the built environment is in decongesting the

urban core, providing greater access to basic facilities, effective inter- and intra-circulation of
people and goods, and in ensuring structural integrity and sound location selection to
withstand or minimize losses, damages and/or casualties during calamities.
The physical development shall also take into consideration aesthetics and image
enhancement to ensure both creativity and functionality. New growth areas or townships
shall be established to ease the strain on the CBD and this will be complemented by the
development of new roads and more multi-nodal transport system. Provision of public
utilities shall be improved to include a reliable 24/7 power supply in the island barangays.
Elimination of urban blight shall be continued and the enhancement of open spaces and
green areas will be pursued to enhance the image and attractiveness of the urban core.
Other conditions necessary in this vision element is the unclogging of canals and drainage
systems, waste disposal and management. Landmarks shall be preserved or enhanced and
given a distinct architectural character.
Respecting environmental constraints, other physical factors and geo-hazards shall

be fully integrated in the city’s development plan so that the city will retain its character of a
truly livable community.
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3.2.6 Capability of the Local Leadership
Another critical pillar in the city’s vision is good governance, owing to the primacy of
the functions and responsibilities of the local government over all other entities. Good
governance provides the backbone within which the envisioned development can be
achieved. It takes into account transparency and accountability, sound fiscal management,
people participation, planning, legislations, customer servicing, and the fundamentals of
performance monitoring.
Governance reforms and present headways achieved in terms of fiscal

administration and the present recognitions in LGU performance by the Department of
Interior and Local Government (DILG) shall be sustained. Standards set forth in the Local
Governance Performance Management System will be the primary benchmark for further
improving institutional capacity.
Convergence and collaboration shall be strengthened with the business and industry
sectors, the civil society groups and the academe for these are the proven ingredients of
effective governance where the success of all development initiatives is lodged.
3.3 Physical Development Goals
 Land and land-based resources optimally utilized.

 Ecological balance maintained.
 People’s mobility, safety and access to social services and public facilities enhanced.
 Urban communities developed with emphasis on functionality, livability and safety.
 Production areas sustainably developed.
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CHAPTER 4
Existing Land Use Strategies, Land Uses and Trends
4.1 Existing Land Use Strategies
The past and present character of the city’s existing land use is more or less concentric in
form with heavy historical development emanating from the pueblo system which now comprises
the present CBD. Expansions from the CBD or the town center spread across in practically three (3)
directions hemmed in generally by the coast in the northern portion. The extension of the CBD in the
last three (3) decades followed a dispersed sheet development trend; first emanating from road
sides and later on catching up to form a bigger node or core city emanating from the coastal area
expanding west, south and east. Even swampy inundated areas like San Juan and portions of
Washington that are generally not suitable for development and are hazard-prone were also eaten
up by urbanization.
4.2 Urban Growth Corridors and Nodes
In order to arrest the seemingly unregulated spread of urban settlements, the city during its
first land use and zoning in the 1980’s and later on in the successor and current plan done in the
year 2000, adopted the linear corridor development strategy with a three-pronged development
corridor emanating from the city center and running across the major highways. The primary growth
corridor is the Surigao-Agusan Road with Brgy. Luna as the growth node for commercial strip
development and general urban expansion. The city airport and the transfer of the integrated land
transport terminal would serve as the catalyst for this planned growth expansion.
The other growth corridor would run across the San Juan-Lipata coastal road which is
envisioned to be a rest and recreation, tourism-related and high-end/R1 residential suburban
development for the west coastal cluster of Lipata, Punta Bilar, Mabua and Ipil. The catalyst for this
area is the Lipata Ferry Terminal, the subdivision developments in its vicinity and the beach resorts
dotting the coast.
The third growth corridor would run across the national highway of the Arellano District
comprising the Canlanipa-Cagniog to Capalayan area. This would again cover settlements and
residential expansion and also a distinct character of agro-industrial development. A project
envisioned in the mid-1990’s of an Industrial Estate Development in Brgy. Balibayon and the planned
transfer of the industrial port of Pacific Cement Company in Brgy. Cagniog serve as the catalyst to
spur growth in this corridor. Residential subdivision developments in the Canlanipa-Cagniog area
also provided the added development boost.
Urban land use covers the five (5) urban barangays of Washington, Taft, San Juan, Canlanipa
and Luna; and the suburban areas of Cagniog, Rizal, Togbongon in the south and southeast; and
Sabang, Lipata, Punta Bilar, Mabua and Ipil in the western portion.
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4.3 Urban Land Use
4.3.1 Residential Land Use

Historically, residential areas in the city were mostly confined to Barangay Taft and
Washington. Eventually, the increasing number of population brought about by the migration of
people from the two (2) major islands of Surigao del Norte – Siargao and Dinagat- and even from the
neighboring municipalities and province of Leyte led to the establishment of housing subdivisions,
institution centers and service facilities in contiguous barangays. This residential sprawl was
manifested particularly in Kaskag, Barangay Washington and Barangay San Juan with the
transformation of a wide expanse of marshland into a dumpsite thence a residential area. The same
was true for Barangay Luna. Congestion in Washington and Taft led to the expansion of the urban
area in Barangay Luna. As a result, subdivisions and residential houses sprouted and proliferated in
the said barangay. Its strategic location along the Surigao-Agusan National Road and its character of
being sparse, made Luna attractive to habitation and business. Likewise, the acquisition of a 25-
hectare property by the City Government in Barangay Canlanipa for its Housing and Resettlement
program catalyzed the spread of residential areas in the area.
The actual land use of the city based on GIS data showed that of the 25,903.16 total land
area, 381 hectares are designated as residential areas. This is mostly concentrated in the urban and
sub-urban zones with a total of about 361 hectares. On the other hand, about 20 hectares
comprising of subdivisions are located along portions of rural mainland areas. Most of the residential
areas in the rural mainland, however, as well as in the rural islands are incorporated under the built
up category with mixed land uses owing to their compact characters.
About 660 hectares of settlement areas located mainly in the urban and sub-urban zones in
the city remain classified as Timberland, however, this is already in conflict with its existing land use.
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Inasmuch as the titling of individual lots cannot be approved by the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, no development in these areas can be introduced. The reclassification of these
timberland areas to alienable and disposable is pending upon the passage of a law that will finally
give security of tenure to the occupants who have lived there for more than 30 years.
Over the years, numerous informal settlers have sprouted in built-up areas of Barangay Taft,
Washington, Canlanipa and San Juan. About 50 hectares of urban and sub-urban lands are
considered as blighted areas congested with informal settlers. These areas are not environmentally
sound – some are located near the shoreline or along water tributaries where the water level rises
during heavy rains (i.e. Sitio Alingit in Barangay San Juan, Asiatic in Barangay Washington, Banahaw
Tumanday in Barangay Sabang); others are built in or close to unstable slopes, thereby precariously
exposing lives to the dangers of landslides (i.e. Upper Bonotan in Barangay Washington, and Silay
Hills in Barangay Taft). There is an estimated 1,483 families who are informally settling in these
identified danger zones. An additional of about 425 families are located within the critical area of
Upper Bonotan.
Location of informal settlements concentrated mostly in the urban area and a few located in the
suburban areas of the city.
Based on the 2004 Geological Hazard Survey conducted by the Mines and Geo-Sciences
Bureau, several areas in the city are critically flood-prone due to the occasional inundation of the
Surigao River and other water tributaries proximate to the area during the rainy season
compounded by the rise of the tide or the obstruction and artificial damming of culverts. This
exposes several of the city subdivisions to risk, particularly those located in Brgy. Washington (Villa
Corito and Imelda Village), in Barangay San Juan (PCUM subdivision and the Navarro Surigao Settlers
Subd.), in Barangay Luna (Cortes Subd. and the Isabella Country Homes), and in Barangay Rizal
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(Mana Pepang Village). Siltation occurs as a consequence to riverbank scouring and this also
contributes to flooding. Silt has encroached some residential houses especially in the Barangays of
Bonifacio, Ipil and Cagniog. In addition, 47 areas in 28 barangays are also considered as critically
landslide-prone due to steep slopes and bedded sedimentary rocks, and the lack of buffer zones.
Undercutting and alteration of slopes also increases landslide hazards. Subdivisions located in the
hilly areas of Barangay Cagniog (Ouano Ceniza Heights), Canlanipa (Canlanipa Housing, Teacher’s
Homesite) and Lipata (Oceanridge Estate) are particularly vulnerable to rain/earthquake-induced
landslides.
Location of approved residential subdivision projects in the city mainland.
4.3.2 Commercial Land Use

The city’s commercial activities in the past two (2) decades were generally confined within
the Central Business District and the urban core. Shopping and market activities were concentrated
mainly in the traditional poblacion areas near the vicinity of the city hall. Later on, some commercial
activities started to extend towards the port area and in the newly developed city boulevard. It was
only in the recent two to three years when large scale commercial development was situated away
from the CBD and into the city’s envisioned commercial strip development in Barangay Luna near
the integrated land transport terminal. These mall locators eventually influenced other commercial
activities within its immediate vicinity.
Using GIS generated data, Surigao City’s existing commercial land use is approximately 37.0
hectares in the urban and sub-urban zones. This comprises about 1% of the total land use area of
3,805.03 hectares. While in the rural mainland and rural island barangays, commercial areas have
been integrated in the built up area, along with residential as well as institutional areas.
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Majority of the city’s commercial areas and commercial complexes are located within the
urban center or the central business district specifically at Brgys. Taft and Washington.
Among the busiest commercial strips/complexes within the CBD are the commercial
shopping centers, government and private entities, city public market, fish landing areas, port sites
and the schools.
The city’s public markets of wet and dry type are located within the CBD particularly in Brgy.
Taft. One is the “Central Public Market” situated at the urban center; and the other one is the
“Talipapa” in Nueva Extension. In general observation, the city public market contributed to urban
congestion and traffic jams outside its periphery especially during peak hours since it sidewalks were
already utilized as display centers of various goods and other services.
With the over concentration of commercial activities within the CBD, it is observed that the
city’s CBD is congested in terms of urban commercial space and business transactions resulting to
the utilization of several sidewalks for business transactions and traffic jams especially during peak
hours. This is due to the fact that the CBD occupies 10% of the total urban area which exceeded the
standard of 3%.
The other commercial strips and commercial complexes are located within the sub-urban
areas, such as: Brgys. San Juan, Sabang, Luna, Canlanipa, Cagniog, Rizal, Togbongon, Ipil and Lipata.
The most notable projects contributing to the development of the commercial strip in Luna area is
the entry of two (2) mall development projects and other commercial activities. The development of
a new campus of St. Paul University for elementary and secondary also catalyzed urban expansion in
the area.
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With regards to the hazard vulnerabilities of the abovementioned commercial areas, most of
the structures within the CBD of Brgys. Taft, Washington and San Juan are not affected of the two-
year flooding, except for few establishments that will be affected of an average 0.51 meters flooding
at Kaskag Village, Brgy. Washington. Meanwhile, on the five-year flooding scenario, most of the
commercial areas / establishments located within the CBD will be affected with flooding ranging
from 0.40 masl to 10 masl. Brgy. Washington will be affected ranging from 0.50 masl to 6 masl; while
Brgy. Taft will be affected with flooding ranging 0.40 masl to 10 masl. The city’s central public market
will be affected with flooding of about 2.46 masl; while the Nueva Public Market will be submerged
by nine (9) masl.
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Flood inundation scenario based on a five-year rainfall average.
With regards to storm surge, most of the commercial and tourism establishments that will
be affected are located along the coastal areas of Brgys. Taft, Washington, San Juan, Sabang, Lipata,
Punta Bilar and Ipil.
As to rain induced landslides and earthquake induced landslides, majority of the commercial
and tourism establishments located at Brgys. Taft and Washington are not susceptible to this type of
hazards. However, there are three (3) tourism related establishments located at Brgy. Washington
which is moderately susceptible to rain induced and earthquake induced landslides due to its
location to moderately sloping area. In Brgy. Luna, there are two (2) hotels which are moderately
susceptible; while in Brgy. Lipata and Brgy. Mabua, two (2) hotels and one (1) hotel respectively are
highly susceptible to abovementioned type of hazards.
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4.3.3 Industrial Land Use
Industrial development based primarily on mining started in the post-war era when gold
extraction activities were undertaken by the Mindanao Mother Lode Mines, Inc. in the nearby
Mabuhay area, now part of the Municipality of Sison. In the mid-1960’s, Pacific Cement Company
started its plant operations and in 1969, the exploration of the nickel deposits in Nonoc Island
started. It was in 1974 when the first nickel briquette was produced by the Marinduque Mining and
Industrial Corporation, the operator of the Nonoc nickel refinery. All other industrial activities are
either cottage or micro-industries manufacturing food products, construction materials and other
consumer goods for local consumption.
The existing industrial land use for the city’s industrial zones cover about 4,074.87 hectares.
Table below shows the existing inventory of the city’s industrial land use.
Land Use Category Industrial Area (has.)

Urban and sub-urban 6.45
Rural Mainland 23.22
Rural Island 4,045.20
TOTAL 4,074.87
Source: GIS data
Approved land use map showing the location of lands zoned for industrial use.
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The existing industrial land use are comprised of light industries operating in non-
pollutive/non-hazardous degree; medium industries operating in non-pollutive/non-hazardous
degree; and heavy industries operating in a highly pollutive/hazardous in nature.
Most of the light and medium industrial land uses were allocated at the central business
district particularly at Brgys. Taft and Washington and along the commercial strips of Brgys.Rizal and
Togbongon. Meanwhile, the rural mainland was dominated with heavy industrial land use located at
Brgys. Quezon and Trinidad due to the existing operation of the Pacific Cement Philippines, Inc.
(PCPI) which is engaged in the manufacture and production of cement.
The other heavy industrial land use was located at the rural island, particularly at Brgys.
Nonoc and Talisay owing to the operation of the Surigao Nickel Refinery which is currently on shut
down status since 1986. A portion of the Surigao Mineral Reservation in Nonoc Island of about 106
hectares has been declared a Special Economic Zone for heavy industries under Presidential
Proclamation 192, dated October 06, 1999. This is considered a development strategy to revive the
operations of the mothballed Nickel Refinery.
Map showing the location and layout of the Nonoc Island Special Economic Zone.
With regards to liquefaction hazards, industrial areas in Brgys. Taft, Washington, Rizal,
Togbongon, Quezon, Nonoc and Talisay are highly susceptible to liquefaction, while Brgy. Trinidad is
not susceptible to any liquefaction.
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2.1.4 Institutional Land Use
The actual land use for Institutional areas is pegged at 89 hectares: 59 hectares in urban and
sub-urban zones and 30 in the rural mainland area. This sector takes into account major facilities
such as educational institutions, medical institutions, religious institutions, military reservation
areas, as well as government and private offices.
Surigao City is composed of 54 barangays, 21 of which are in the islands. While every
barangay has a health center, most of the health facilities, which includes three (3) secondary and 1
(1) tertiary hospital, which is a Regional Hospital and private medical clinics, however, are
concentrated in the urban and mainland barangays. In effect, the delivery of basic health services is
not equitably distributed and the needs of the populace are not adequately or immediately met. This
leads to relatively high morbidity, maternal, infant and child mortality in the islands and far-flung
barangays. There is, therefore, a need to develop additional cluster serving health centers and
birthing homes to serve the people in these areas.
Map showing location of health facilities in the city.
There are 65 public and 12 private elementary schools; 22 public and 6 (six) private
secondary schools, 10 tertiary/Higher Education Institutions, which include one (1) State College, a
sectarian University, a School of Law, and Tech-Vocational schools.
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Map showing location of educational institutions in all levels in the city.
On the other hand, in terms of social welfare facilities, there are 87 day care centers distributed in
the 54 city barangays, one (1) senior citizen center, one (1) Day Care Resource and Knowledge
Center for Children, one (1) Crisis Center for Women and Children and a “Tawag” Resource Center
(or a Day Care Center for special children) located in Barangay Washington. Moreover, there is a
residential Center for street children and a halfway home for children in conflict with the law (on-
going construction) in Brgy. Anomar. In Brgy. Lipata, specifically at the Lipata FerryTerminal, there is
the so-called “Bahay Silungan sa Daungan”, which serves as a halfway house for victims of
trafficking. These facilities are well-maintained and serviceable to the targeted populace.
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Map showing location of social welfare facilities in the city.
Several major churches can be found in the city. These include the Roman Catholic churches
in Barangay Washington, Taft and San Juan; the Iglesia ni Cristo at the landslide-prone area of
Bonotan; the United Church of Christ in the Philippines in Washington, among others.
Most of the city’s institutional facilities located in the urban and sub-urban zones are
considered to be within the flood outlines of the city and are also highly susceptible to liquefaction.
Schools located in the urban zones may experience flood depths of up to two (2) meters under 2-
year rainfall floods and up to 8 meters under a 5-year rainfall flood, thereby exposing many
schoolchildren and students to risk. Several general institutional zones such as the city hall
compound in Brgy. Washington, the Surigao Heritage Center and the Boy Scouts Council along the
boulevard area, the DENR compound and the Barangay Hall in San Juan may be inundated up to four
(4) meters during storm surges. On the other hand, the Provincial Capitol, Surigao del Norte
National High School and Iglesia ni Cristo, have a moderate to high susceptibility to rain-induced
landslide.
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Location of major churches are mostly concentrated in the urban area.
For Special Institutional Zones, the City Jail in Brgy. Bonifacio is moderately susceptible to
rain-induced landslide while the Provincial PNP at Brgy. Washington is prone to flooding and highly
susceptible to liquefaction, and so are the Police and Fire sub-stations located at Barangay San Juan
and Taft. The Central Police and Fire Stations within the city hall compound and so with the PNP
Provincial Barracks are considered highly susceptible to storm surges, being near the shoreline.
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Location map of protective service facilities in the city.
4.3.5 Parks, Playgrounds and other Recreational Facilities
An inventory of sports and recreational facilities reflect a total land area of 9.2 hectares,
however, based on GIS data, the existing land area amounts to 5.41 hectares. Several of these
facilities are located within school and government premises, such as multipurpose covered courts
and playgrounds, hence, they are considered under the Institutional category.
Among the major recreational facilities are the City Luneta park and the Senator Barbers
Sports Complex, which are located in the very heart of the city. Both facilities are prone to flooding
and liquefaction.
4.3.6 Cemeteries/Memorial Parks
The cemeteries declared in the city Assessor’s Office have a combined area of about 11
hectares more or less. The old public cemetery located in Barangay Washington, which occupies
almost two (2) hectares is the only one centrally located within the urban area that caters to the
general public. The Surigao Memorial Park, on the other hand has an area of more than eight (8)
hectares. Both are moderately susceptible to rain-induced landslides.
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4.3.7 Infrastructure
It was in 1954 that the municipal building was completed and likewise the airport was
developed along with the improvement of other transportation facilities such as roads and few
concrete bridges in the mainland Surigao City. In August 31, 1970, Surigao became a city with 53
barangays in composition - 21 island and 32 mainland barangays. Total population was 51,496 and in
1974 and accordingly several barangay roads were constructed with a total length of 99.852
kilometers.
Several new seawalls and seaports were constructed and more barangay water systems
were put in place and the turn-around pad and stop way of the Surigao City airport and Lipata Ferry
Terminal were likewise completed. Barangay shore protection facilities, construction of farm-to-
market-roads continued and the development of the boulevard was started. The construction of the
City Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal followed in 1997 and urban coastal reclamation and shore
protection works were likewise completed together with the expansion of the Surigao Base Port.
Local FM station was expanded and cellular backbone towers were constructed to mainly serve the
mainland and island barangays.
The established road network in the Central Business District’s commercial vicinities,
institutional areas and residential districts contain bigger areas utilizing the main thoroughfares for
transport services. Urban paved roads constitute the highest in areas serving the five (5) urban
barangays namely; Canlanipa, Luna, San Juan, Taft and Washington. The sub-urban road links
include the main access across a barangay/poblacion with shorter road networks, e.g. subdivisions
and barangay sites. Sub- urban barangays include Cagniog, Ipil, Lipata, Mabua, Punta Bilar, Rizal
Sabang and Togbongon.
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The airport runway occupies an area of 7.6 hectares while 5.0 hectares is occupied by the
two ports of Surigao City: the Surigao Base Port and Lipata Ferry Port. These are the primary areas
serving the sea and air transport requirements of the city. The City Waste Treatment Facility located
at barangay Cagniog has an area of 10 hectares with subdivided waste disposal cells as garbage
depositories. Urban and sub-urban roads total to 166 hectares.
Mainland rural road network has a total of 125 hectares linking the existing lateral farm – to
– market (FMR) roads having twenty (20) barangays. Arellano district barangays include Balibayon,
Silop, Cabongbongan, Capalayan, Day-asan, Mapawa, Nabago, Orok and San Isidro while barangays
along the national highway are Bonifacio, Quezon, Trinidad and Anomar. Centrally located areas
consist of Danao, Mabini, Mat-I, Poctoy, San Roque, Serna and Sukailang.
Road network map in both the city mainland and island barangays.
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Infrastructure map showing the location of existing bridges by type.
Rural island has a total of twenty eight (28) hectares mostly located in Nonoc island
constructed before and during the operation of PHILNICO and inclusive herein are the areas of
airstrip in Nonoc and a big concrete pier while the small barangay sites have least road system areas
given that circumferential road constructions are still to be put in place in the plan period. Road
network and utilities actual land use has a total of 319 hectares.
4.3.8 Other Uses
The other existing land uses in the urban and suburban areas include tourism zones located
mostly in the coastal areas of Brgys. Sabang, Lipata, Punta Bilar, Mabua and Ipil. Conservation areas
consisting of mangrove swamps and other inundated inland areas, some of which are used for
fishponds are found within the vicinity of Brgys. Sabang, Lipata and Rizal. Agricultural land uses are
also existing in some suburban areas especially those alluvial plain beside the banks of the Surigao
River.
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4.4 General Land Use/Areas outside of the Current Urban Area
4.4.1 Built-up Areas
Outside of the present urban and suburban area covering eight (8) barangays, built-up areas
are mostly lumped together within the poblacion of rural barangays in the mainland and those in the
islands. Through the years, due to its small size, a mixed use micro-concentric type of development
has prevailed. The typical utilization common to rural and island barangays is predominantly
residential, with some institutional uses concentrated in the schools sites and/or the barangay hall
and multi-purpose center. There are practically no specific delineated zones to speak of in the built-
up portions of the rural barangays except for the generally categorized agricultural lands, forest,
industrial lands for those with mining concessions, grass lands and some with tourism zones
especially the beaches along the coast.
The problem with this level of land use management in the rural areas is the sometimes
unregulated construction of structures, mostly residential units, resulting to undesirable or
conflicting land use. As in most cases, building construction and other related infrastructure
development in the rural areas that do not bother to go through the process of securing pertinent
permits resulted to encroachment of areas not intended for its purpose like encroaching farm lands,
coastal or river buffer zones, forested areas, critical slopes and the like. In the long run, although
serious damage to the environment may not necessarily result due to the relatively small size and
slow pace of these developments, it would still put a strain in terms of the provision of infrastructure
support like roads, and the provision of utilities for water and power connections.
4.4.2 Production Land Use
4.4.2.1 Agricultural Areas
Production areas, particularly the prime agricultural lands and productive crop lands in the
south central barangays of Rizal-Togbongon to Mat-I; the adjoining areas of Danao-Ipil;, the
barangays along the main highway from Bonifacio to Trinidad;,the east central barangays of Silop
and Mapawa; and the Arellano District Barangays of Cagniog to Cabongbongan remain dominantly
zoned for prime agricultural purposes and crop lands. Generally the areas belonging to the 0-2%
slope that are considered alluvial plains are categorized as prime agricultural lands and should not
be converted for other uses especially those areas that are irrigated or with potential for irrigation
coverage as determined under the Strategic Agriculture & Fishery Development Zone (SAFDZ).
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Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone in the City of Surigao.
The strategy is to retain the quality and quantity of present prime agricultural lands for
purposes of sustaining local food production. Other crop lands not considered as prime areas may be
converted to other uses, especially those in the suburban barangays and bordering on major arterial
roads. However, the conversion of agricultural lands has to go through clearances from concerned
local and national line agencies in order to assess the most beneficial and economic viability of the
land. Conversion of agricultural lands in the city however remains low covering only a total of 4.9
has. in the previous plan period representing only 0.03% of the total agricultural area, and these are
mostly for utilization as home lots.
4.4.2.2 Industrial Areas
Industrial land uses occupy a sizable area in the overall physical development strategy of the
existing plan. The primary consideration is the existing mineral reservation in the area and/or
approved mining claims/permits previously granted. The large portions of these areas can be found
in Nonoc Island and the Quezon-Trinidad-Mapawa in the mainland. Areas in Arellano District are also
provided for agri/agro-industrial purposes. These agri/agro-industrial areas however remained
undeveloped.
Other areas for light to medium industrial use are also zoned along the suburban areas of
Rizal-Togbongon. The strategic direction, except for non-pollutive cottage industries which may be
allowed on a case-to-case basis, is to bring out industrial activities away from the CBD and
residential communities to the suburban areas. Heavy industrial activities relating to mining and
mineral processing shall be confined within its approved permits and with ample provision for the
required buffer zones and related environmental management requirements.
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4.4.2.3 Production Forest
The adopted strategy for the use of forest lands for production purposes generally is only on
the basis of the area’s topography and limiting such use for classified forest below 50% slopes. There
is however no clear cut integrated plan or approved/on-going major development projects that have
been implemented on these areas. Marginal uses have been noted in these areas and these are
mostly confined to gathering of firewood for domestic and commercial use.
4.4.3 Protection and Conservation Areas
Protected forests which constitute watershed resource reserves located in the uplands of
Parang-parang in Mat-i-Mabini area and another one in Sitio Lumaban, Rizal are among the primary
areas zoned for protection and preservation, given its past and current utilization as the source of
potable water in the urban areas. These are non-negotiable areas where uses shall only be confined
to its intended use.
Location map of the Parang-Parang and Lumaban protected watershed areas.
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Other conservation areas that are reflected in the current land use with the primary intent
of maintaining environmental integrity are inland water bodies, swamps and fishpond areas,
mangrove forests and areas with more than 50% slopes.
Slope Map showing the hilly to steep protected/conservation areas in the hinterlands and the
mangrove swamps in the coastal and low lying areas.
4.4.4 Ancestral Domain
The Mamanwa Tribe is the only recognized indigenous people’s community in the city
according to the National Commission of Indigenous People (NCIP). Although widely dispersed
across the region occupying the Provinces of Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del
Sur, the concentration of the Mamanwa Tribe in the city is mostly confined in Sitio Tagbasingan,
Brgy. Mat-i and in the adjacent hinterlands. Their ancestral domain stretches across both provinces
of Surigao del Norte and Agusan del Norte with a portion of it straddling the upland areas of Brgys.
Mat-i and Mabini in the south central area of the city’s jurisdiction bordering the Municipality of
Sison, Surigao del Norte.
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The primary strategy in the existing land use is to provide greater mobility and access in
terms of efficient transportation and circulation network. The need to develop additional roads,
especially those that would serve arterial functions to decongest the main and only highway leading
to the CBD remains the primary priority. During the plan period however of the current CLUP, only
the San Juan-Lipata coastal road was fully completed and the Quezon-Mapawa-Capalayan road.
Another critical link is the Bonifacio-Silop-Cagniog road which is already constructed but is not yet
fully concreted and narrow; hence, certain portions are unusable during inclement weather,
affecting the subject road’s efficiency.
The entry of mall developers in Brgy. Luna recently further stressed the need to develop the
remaining arterial road network which includes the critical circulation links that would connect the
port area to the coast of Canlanipa and Cagniog then to the Arellano District national road.
For the city airport, the planned development is for the extension of the runway in the short
to medium term and the eventual transfer or development of a new airport site in the long term.
During the plan period however, only the feasibility study for airport development is the one funded
and yet to be completed. For seaport development, the main strategy focused on increasing capacity
through berth length extension of the base port, increase area for containerized cargo handling and
storage, additional RORO ramps at the Lipata Port, and improvement of passenger terminals.
4.4.6 Open Spaces
The strategy adopted for open spaces is more geared on the maintenance and preservation
of existing ones and meeting the standard requirements set forth for new housing subdivision
development and other planned unit development. The 54 barangays of the city have adequate
facilities for sports and recreation, such as multi-purpose halls, covered courts, including open
spaces for varied wholesome and healthy outdoor activities. Other facilities like parks &
playgrounds, swimming pools, tennis courts, chess plaza, golf & shooting ranges, billiard halls are
available in urban and sub-urban zones to cater to the more diverse recreational preferences of the
residents in the said areas.
4.5 Proposed Land Use Strategies
4.5.1 Concept/Structure Plan
The general structure development concept of the city presents a combination of the area-
focused integrated area development in the rural areas, where barangays have clustered spatial
development roles. The area development clusters takes into consideration proximity and distance,
commonality of resources, existing economic activities, available natural resources and future
trends. This is practically a continuation of the same approach in the preceding CLUP.
The urban core will continue to develop on its three-pronged linear corridor approach and
multi-nodal development, but this time with two (2) growth nodes in the form of new townships to
anchor and spur development away from the CBD. The concept is to reinforce and connect the linear
corridors through the township development projects and create new urban cores. Suburban areas
will ultimately absorb the urban expansion for settlements, commerce and other service needs.
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Other growth clusters in the mainland include the production zones covering agricultural,
forest, industrial and tourism areas. The island clusters are structured on a combined agri-fishery
and tourism spatial development roles, and the heavy industrial growth cluster in Nonoc.
The Structure Development Plan showing the spatial development clusters in the city mainland and
islands.
4.5.2 Proposed Development Strategy
The herein land use plan generally makes use of three development strategies. First is of
course the development of the urban areas with emphasis on balancing settlements and
commercial development; second is the rural focused integrated area development geared towards
the development of the production areas like agriculture, tourism and the judicious utilization
and/or protection of forest lands; and third, industrial development to cover mineral-based and
agri-based industries.
4.5.2.1 Alternative Urban Forms
For urban development, the focus would remain on the five (5) barangays comprising the
urban area and the now nine (9) barangays, from only eight (8) in the previous plan period,
comprising the suburban area.
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In the previous years prior to having land use regulatory measures in place, the urbanization
pattern is more of a trend extension from the old poblacion area resulting to a dispersed sheet
pattern of development. In the previous plan period more regulatory measures were put in place
through the zoning ordinance but still informal settlements continue to sprout along adjacent
swampy areas, along river banks and in the coastal/beach areas. This type of physical development
should be discouraged or put to a minimum, for it has put a strain on the environment, created
vulnerable communities, increased population density in the urban area thus contributing to further
congestion, traffic and pollution problems. This type of development has also affected the overall
attractiveness of the city due to limited space allocation to address urban blight and may reduce the
city’s positioning as a gateway for tourism, trade and industry in this part of the region.
To regulate such trend extension, and follow the strategic urbanization that the city intends
to accomplish require that new roads and other infrastructure have to be put in place; the need to
capacitate communities to adjust to risks and develop resiliency; preservation of protected
croplands, conservations areas and other resources; strict enforcement of regulations especially in
new planned developments.
A continuation of the linear urban form bordering on the development of commercial strips
and other mixed use development along identified major roads will also be pursued as a strategy to
ease up, redirect and regulate urban development outwards from the CBD. To realize this, the
aforementioned requirements of new roads and other infrastructure have to be put in place; the
need to capacitate communities to adjust to risks and develop resiliency; preservation of protected
croplands, conservations areas and other resources; strict enforcement of regulations especially in
new planned developments remain the critical ingredients.
Although problems relating to traffic would still persist, including air and noise pollution
since development will be concentrated on major road networks. Attractiveness of the city would
still not improve unless aesthetics and related policies for structures/buildings along the
development corridors will be enforced. The potential for urban expansion away from the poblacion
will however be realized and remaining open areas like mangrove swamps, fishponds and farm lands
will remain untouched. Additional LGU revenues will also be realized from increased land valuation
and business activities. The increased trade and commerce brought about by additional areas for
investments would support the enhancement of tourism-related services and create prospects for
jobs and higher income.
Complementing the development corridors would be the adoption of the multi-nodal urban
form. Such a strategy aims to complement and catalyze further development away from the urban
core and the CBD. The decentralization of city-wide services through the establishment of township
developments to serve as growth or satellite urban centers would provide greater access and even
lesser transportation costs for suburban and rural residents. Pollution sources and waste
management can easily be addressed in the designated growth centers and the preservation of open
spaces, crop lands and other environmentally constrained areas can be realized. Again additional
revenues from increased land valuation can be generated and the prospects of job generation
maybe realized with the entry of new investments in the designated new growth centers.
In terms of aesthetics, the overall attractiveness of the city will be enhanced with the
retention or preservation of spaces in between growth areas thus allowing enough open areas to
break the visual monotony of buildings and other structures. Planned unit developments in these
identified growth nodes would also translate to ensuring the mixture of functionality and design,
thus greatly contributing to the city’s positioning as the tourism gateway.
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4.5.2.2 Preferred Spatial Strategy
Based on the aforementioned discussions on the preceding section, the comparative

analysis of the alternative urban forms shows that the more logical option for the city to undertake
is to continue the regulated growth of the development corridors. This is the most preferential
action within the short to medium terms as a strategy to ease up the congestion in the urban core.
Existing developments in this regard are already on-going however careful attention has to be given
on the regulatory aspects of realizing this urban form lest it will defeat whatever strategic gain it will
be able to achieve. The necessary infrastructure requirements shall also be equally given impetus so
that better circulation links and access can be realized.
In the long term, the development of major growth areas through the establishment of new
townships will follow through in order to achieve a multi-nodal development pattern. As it is, the
multi-nodal strategy aims to create satellite growth areas or new urban cores that would
complement the development corridors. This is the long term growth pattern that would fully enable
the establishment of well-planned urban communities and would eventually ease up the congestion
in the present CBD. There are also minor growth nodes that are both existing and planned that
would continue to play its catalytic role of extending the existing growth corridors. Primary among
these is the integrated land transport terminal and city airport in Brgy. Luna; the Lipata Ferry
Terminal and Maharlika Resort in Brgy. Lipata; the yet to be developed agri-industrial estate in Brgy.
Balibayon and the planned transfer of PACEMCO Industrial Port in Brgy. Cagniog.
Specific spatial development clusters are also planned in the suburban areas, the rural
mainland and in the islands, so that the development directions and spatial development role of
every barangay are clearly defined. This will in essence translate the three (3) proposed
development strategies into more specific details and actions.
Thus, hereunder are the following spatial development clusters, viz:
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Spatial development clusters/zones showing the city barangays’ spatial development roles.
A. Urban Development
Urban Zone
The emphasis for the urban core, especially the present CBD is for the in-filling of existing
vacant lots that are fit for development. Existing commercial corridors shall be further enhanced
with emphasis on redirecting urbanization towards the suburban areas. Densification and expansion
of the existing CBD shall also be pursued where former residential areas adjacent to the CBD shall
now be zoned for commercial purposes or permitted mixed uses. Densification will also be adopted
especially promoting vertical expansion of high to mid-rise structures to allow greater space
utilization provided that ample on-site parking spaces and road setbacks will be duly enforced.
Vertical expansion especially for areas along the coast and beside river banks that is vulnerable to
flooding and storm surges will allow ground floor areas to simultaneously function as storm/flood
buffers and preventing casualties during disaster situations.
The following are the general urban area development clusters:
o Washington (CBD, mixed use commercial-institutional-residential zone)

o Taft (CBD, mixed use commercial-institutional zone)
o San Juan (mixed use commercial-institutional zone)
o Luna (primary urban expansion area/commercial strip development, mixed use
commercial-institutional-resdiential zone, new township development)
o Canlanipa (mixed use residential zone, settlements expansion area, port facility
development in the coastal area)
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Suburban Area
The suburban area will function as the primary urban expansion area which will cater to
commercial, residential, institutional and light to medium industrial requirements. Again, there will
be a continuation of development of commercial corridors or strips along national roads of Luna
extending to Bonifacio; and an additional one of Luna to Rizal area. The development of two (2) new
townships to focus on mixed use planned unit development in the suburban areas of Lipata-Punta
Bilar-Mabua and Luna-Cagniog-Silop areas will also be pursued.
Production areas like prime agricultural lands and fishponds will be retained to function as
such not only for their role in food production but likewise in view of their function as natural catch
basins. Only marginal crop lands shall be allocated for purposes of conversion to urban expansion.
Likewise, conservation areas and other protected zones including coastal and river bank buffer zones
shall also be preserved and those currently encroached shall be restored.
Generally, these are the area development roles
o Sabang (settlements expansion area, production-inland fisheries, tourism)

o Lipata, Punta Bilar, Mabua, Ipil (new township development, tourism)
o Rizal, Togbongon (settlements expansion area, commercial strip development)
o Bonifacio (settlements expansion area, commercial strip development)
o Cagniog (settlements expansion area, agri-industrial development)
B. Rural-Focused or Integrated Area Development
The second proposed development strategy for the city is focused on rural development
with emphasis on maintaining and developing further its production areas for agriculture, fisheries,
forestry and tourism.
Agricultural
The following areas shall remain to function in accordance with their roles in the city’s
Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ) as the primary implementing
mechanism for the city’s agriculture and fisheries modernization plan. Primarily, the following
identified spatial development clusters is a continuation of the same development strategy in the
previous plan period. As such, it seeks to maintain and preserve the functional role of these
production areas, viz:
o Crop lands, both primary and for high-value crops development including coconut
lands: south-central barangays with Poctoy to provide the agri-processing support
(Togbongon to Mat-I; Mabini and Danao; Rizal and Ipil Areas)
lands: barangays along the Surigao-Agusan Road with Trinidad to provide the agri-
processing support (Bonifacio to Trinidad, Anomar and Sukailang areas)
lands, coastal resource and fisheries development with Canlanipa to provide fishery
services support and Cagniog-Balibayon for agri-processing: east-central barangays
(Silop, Cagniog to Cabongbongan, Mapawa)
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o Coconut lands, grass and pasture lands and areas for high-value crops development,
coastal resource and fisheries development: Island clusters of Hikdop Island, Sibale
Island, Bayagnan Island
Tourism
The city’s vast array of natural scenic spots both in the mainland and islands shall provide
the impetus for its drive towards tourism development, as a rural support component of related
facilities and services in the urban area and suburban areas, and even mining-related industrial
activities. The clusters would cover the following areas and barangays, viz:
o Urban support services and facilities (all urban barangays)

o Rest & recreation zone with mixed use commercial development (Sabang, Lipata,
Punta Bilar, Mabua to Ipil coastline)
o Eco-Tourism
 mangrove forest zones and coastline of Brgys. Day-asan, Nabago, San Isidro
up to Cabongbongan, Manjagao area in the islands
 Island clusters of Hikdop Island, Sibale Island, Bayagnan Island
 forest zones of Sukailang, Mat-i and Mabini areas (including heritage sites of
indigenous peoples’ communities)
 cave systems of Silop and Mapawa, Buenavista in the islands
 dive sites in various coastal and island sites with Punta Bilar as the primary
service center
o Industrial Tourism
 Nonoc Island with Talisay as primary service center; mainland cluster of
Bonifacio, Quezon, Trinidad and Mapawa
Forest
Forest lands and other forest categories shall be primarily protected especially those areas
designated and identified as watersheds or sources of potable water supply. Areas generally
classified as having slopes of more than 50% shall also be zoned as protected forests, including
coastal mangrove areas and swamplands.
Certain areas that are classified as forest lands shall be used for production purposes,
provided that the subject utilization shall be in accordance with its basic nature as primary buffer
areas for the protected zones and shall not in any manner endanger or cause potential damage to
the protected forests. Thus, areas with slopes of between 30% to 50% maybe utilized in a limited
manner for production purposes like development of orchards, tree plantations and the like as long
as emphasis is given on the nature of its environmental protection function. In the same manner,
swamplands and other inland water bodies may also be utilized for inland fisheries production
provided that due diligence is given on maintaining ecological balance.
The forest clusters are the following, viz:
o Protected forests: southeast side hinterland high elevation areas of Mat-I, Mabini,
Sukailang and Danao, including the location of the proclaimed watershed in Parang-
Parang and the adjoining areas; Sitio Lumaban in Brgy. Rizal which is also the current
alternative source of potable water for the city and proposed for proclamation
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o Production forests: southwest hinterland high elevation areas of Mapawa, Trinidad,
Anomar, Sukailang, Cabongbongan, Capalayan; Rizal and Ipil ridges
o Conservation areas/swamplands in Sabang, Rizal and Lipata; mangrove forest zones
and coastline of Brgys. Day-asan, Nabago, San Isidro up to Cabongbongan; Manjagao
area in the islands
C. Industrial Development
The third spatial strategy and equally important to support the city’s development vision to
attain economic dynamism is the push for industrial development. The development will of course
be anchored on the proclaimed Surigao Mineral Reservation area and the site of existing and
planned mineral processing industries, including the 106 has. proclaimed Special Economic Zone.
Complementing the mineral-based processing industries are sites or growth nodes in the
mainland that would spur and support the development of agri/agro-processing industries, and
other sites to support light to medium industrial land requirement supportive of urban
development.
These are the industrial growth clusters, viz:
o Heavy Industrial: Nonoc island and Hanigad Island, existing mining concessions and
proclaimed mineral reservation areas; south mainland (Bonifacio, Quezon, Mapawa,
Trinidad)
o Agri/Agro-Industrial: Cagniog and Balibayon; Canlanipa for fish/marine products
processing
o Light to Medium Industrial: Luna, Rizal-Togbongon areas
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4.5.3 Land Demand and Supply
The following table shows the determination of the current land supply and uses, the future
requirements consisting of the projected demand based on population or land use planning
standard and the strategic requirements to support the city’s attainment of its development vision
and goals.
Both the current land use and future requirements serve as the primary basis in the
determination of the total area requirement and consequently, the proposed land uses.
CURRENT LAND USE FUTURE NEED

LAND USE TOTAL
CATEGORIES LAND USE
REQUIRE-
(all figures are MENT
Strategic
in hectares) Backlog Total Projected Total (A + B)
Existing Dev't.
(Surplus) (A) Requirements
Requirements (B)
Residential 381.00 135.00 516.00 165.00 82.10 247.10 763.10
Commercial 37.00 34.92 71.92 78.47 26.09 104.56 176.48
Infrastructure/Utilities 319.00 319.00 325.00 325.00 644.30
Institutional 65.43 65.43 2.00 2.00 67.43
Parks/Playground 5.41 5.41 11.59 11.59 17.00

and other
Recreational Spaces
Industrial 4,074.87 4,074.87 4,074.87
Built up area 558.10 558.10 377.00 935.10 935.10
Agriculture 13,688.14 13,688.14 13,688.14

- Rice and Corn 3,159.40 3,159.40
Land
- Cocoland 10,309.46 10,309.46
- Cropland 219.28 219.28
Forest and Forest
Categories
- Protected Forest
1,790.17 1,790.17 1,790.17
- Production
Forest 886.0 886.0 3,604.00 4,490.00 4,490.00
- Grassland/
1,600.86 1,600.86 1,600.86 1,600.86
Pasture
Agro-Industrial 0.37 0.37 166.63 166.63 167.00
Tourism 25.50 25.50 60.50 60.50 86.00
OTHER USES
Cemetery/Mem.
Park 11.00 11.00 14.70 14.70 25.70
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CURRENT LAND USE FUTURE NEED
LAND USE TOTAL
CATEGORIES LAND USE
REQUIRE-
(all figures are MENT
Strategic
in hectares) Backlog Total Projected Total (A + B)
Existing Dev't.
(Surplus) (A) Requirements
Requirements (B)
Dumpsites/Sanitary
Landfill
14.00 14.00 14.00
Buffer Zones/
Easements 28.00 28.00 14.00 14.00 42.00
Conservation Area
113.33 113.33 14.67 14.67 128.00
Risk/Hazard Area
8.84 8.84 8.84
Water Uses
- Nipa, Swamps,
mangroves
2,747.40 2,747.40 75.10 75.10 2,822.50
- Bodies of water
(rivers & 145.20 145.20 145.20 145.20
tributaries)
- Aquaculture and
Mariculture 325.77 325.77 325.77 325.77 325.77
Total 26,816.55 169.92 26,986.47 245.47 5,105.99 5,351.46 32,337.93
As of year 2010, the current land use which covers actual uses of more than 26,000 hectares
and the backlogs in residential and commercial allocation of 169 hectares totaled 26,986.47
hectares. This is more or less equal to the city’s geographic information system (GIS)-generated total
land area at almost 27,000 hectares. Although the official (NSCB) recorded land area of the city is
24,534 hectares, the current working maps would total to more or less 27,000 hectares.
Taking into consideration the future requirements due to population increase and/or
meeting the standard planning area requirements, plus the strategic development initiatives
intended to spur future economic growth, total land uses for the planning period would reach a total
of 32,337.93 hectares. The huge disparity in the city’s total land area by about 5,000 hectares versus
this area requirement can be attributed to certain areas like coastal mangrove forests, mariculture
farms and the like being not included in the total land area of the city. Moreover, other strategic
development requirements in infrastructure like ports will take on reclamation works, as well as the
proposed boulevard extension and real estate development project in Brgys. Washington and San
Juan. To meet the other area requirements, considering that the city’s land area will no longer
increase laterally, corresponding strategies has to be adopted which among others would include
the need for vertical expansion or densification of certain areas to meet residential, commercial and
institutional requirements.
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CHAPTER 5
Proposed Land Uses
5.1 Urban Land Uses
5.1.1 Residential Land Use

The present requirement for residential area is computed based on the total housing
backlog of the city, which is 13,526 units. Housing backlog is due to doubling of households,
displaced units, and need for Security of Tenure. The latter covers housing needs for households that
are occupying private and government properties and for those living in danger zones. This applies
mainly to urban and suburban zones. To address this present backlog, an additional of 135 hectares
is presently required, placing the city’s total area requirement for dwelling at 516 (381+135)
hectares.
Within the 10-year planning period until 2020, a total expanse of 763.1 hectares is proposed
for the residential zones. This will already take in consideration the existing housing backlog of 135
hectares and future requirements of 165 hectares and strategic development requirements of 82.10
hectares for the establishment of additional subdivisions and other socialized housing projects to
address population growth, doubled-up households and the proliferation of informal settlers due to
unregulated urban sprawl. Resettlement sites particularly in Sitio Bioborjan, Barangays Rizal, Cagniog
and Balibayon will inevitably be developed to cater to displaced families during the future clearing of
structures in areas considered unsuitable for settlement. Mitigation measures should also be
undertaken to protect areas which are identified as vulnerable to hazards. Moreover, portions of
previously categorized open zones particularly those located in Barangay Luna and Rizal will be
reclassified as residential areas.
The proposed establishment of a new townsite in Barangays Lipata, Luna, and Cagniog, as
well as the creation of new barangay sites and expansion of residential areas would likewise increase
future requirement for built-up areas particularly in rural mainland and island barangays.
Such is deemed essential to attain the goal for the sector of providing decent and
environmentally sound shelter and addressing the present and projected housing backlog.
5.1.2 Commercial Land Use

The city’s trend of urbanization or commercialization is expected to occur east, west and
south of the present urban area. The city’s existing urban core of Luna, Washington, Taft, San Juan
and Canlanipa will remain with the city’s central business district concentrated in Taft and
Washington expanding to cover mixed use residential areas in the urban core. Commercial strip
development will occur along the national highway in Washington-Luna-Bonifacio area, Luna-Rizal
highway and mixed use development along San Juan-Sabang-Lipata coastal road with preference on
tourism-related activities in Sabang-Lipata areas. The city boulevard will be fully developed into a
hub for business and commercial activities. The city’s existing port facility has been enhanced to
cater to larger vessel and shipment volume. Commercial and industrial activities are also moving in
Brgy. Luna-Bonifacio-Quezon area. This area is envisioned as an industrial center for light and
medium industries covering the Brgys. of Trinidad, Sukailang, Anomar, Mapawa, Bonifacio and Silop
areas.
Based on the standard commercial space requirement, the city’s backlog for year 2010 is
about 34.92 hectares compared against the standard requirement of 71.92 hectares. Starting year
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2011, the standard commercial space requirement is around 72.73 hectares and about 80.55
hectares in the year 2020. With the existing commercial land use of 37.0 hectares, a total of 104.56
hectares commercial space in urban and sub-urban zones were required to meet present and future
demand at the end of the planning period 2020. This is based on an existing backlog of 34.92
hectares, projected demand of 43.55 hectares and a strategic development initiative of about 26.09
hectares.
Standard and Projected Commercial Space Requirement

2011-2020
Standard Projected
2005 Existing Standard Projected Increase of Commercial Commercial Space
Commercial Commercial Built-up Area Space Requirement
Area (has.) Area Ratio (%) Requirement (has.)
Year Area (has.) (has.) Accumulated Per Year
37.0 3% of the total 2011 2,424.52 72.73 35.73 35.73

built-up area 2012 2,452.16 73.56 36.56 0.83
2013 2,480.11 74.40 37.40 0.84
2014 2,508.38 75.25 38.25 0.85
2015 2,536.97 76.10 39.10 0.85
2016 2,565.90 76.98 39.98 0.88
2017 2,595.15 77.85 40.85 0.87
2018 2,624.74 78.74 41.74 0.89
2019 2,654.66 79.64 42.64 0.90
2020 2,684.92 80.55 43.55 0.91
SUB-TOTAL 43.55
ADD 2010 CURRENT NEED 34.92
ADD PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT 26.09
GRAND TOTAL 104.56
The following areas are identified for future urban and sub-urban expansion and/or new
sites for commercial development:
1. Commercial strips at Brgys. Washington-Luna-Bonifacio and Luna-Rizal along the national

highway
2. Commercial strip along Rizal-Togbongon Road for warehousing and light industries
3. Commercial area within the proposed Fishing Port Complex at Brgy. Canlanipa
4. Commercial service center at the Phase 2 Development of the City Boulevard at Brgy.
Washington
5. West Coast Business Park Development Project for reclamation at the foreshore of Brgy. San
Juan
6. Commercial area within the proposed Metro Surigao Agri-Industrial Estate at Brgy. Balibayon
7. Commercial service centers at Brgys. Nonoc and Talisay to support the industrial activities of
the Nonoc Special Economic Zone and PHILNICO Nickel Refinery
8. New Township Development at Brgys. Lipata-Punta Bilar-Mabua area; Brgys. Luna-Cagniog-
Bonifacio-Silop area
With regards to the susceptibility of the proposed commercial developments particularly to

flooding, the commercial strips at Brgys. Luna and Bonifacio are low to moderately susceptible to
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two-year flooding and highly susceptible to five-year flooding since these areas are adjacent to the
Surigao River which is experiencing perennial flooding. With this scenario, mitigating measures shall
be introduced prior to any development within these commercial strips, particularly in-filling
activities to raise present elevation preferably to match or better above the present level of the
national highway, and complemented by efficient drainage system. The same problem faces the
proposed commercial strip along Brgy. Togbongon but the in-filling in this area should be no less
than a meter higher than the present road elevation.
The proposed commercial development in Brgys. Nonoc, Talisay, Lipata and Balibayon are
not affected of the two-year and five-year flooding scenario. However, Brgys. Nonoc and Talisay are
highly susceptible to tsunami hazards, but no historical accounts have so far been recorded.
Meanwhile, the proposed development at Brgys. Taft, Canlanipa, Washington, Sabang and San Juan
are highly susceptible to five-year flooding scenario. In this case, there is a need for similar mitigating
measures prior to any development in these areas.
5.1.3 Industrial Land Use
Based on the combined industrial land intensity standards (about 7.3 hectares for every
1,000 population), the city’s total allowable industrial land requirement by year 2010 is about
1,009.06 for a population of 138,228. However, the city’s existing industrial land use totaled to
4,074.87 hectares. This means that the city’s existing industrial land use has exceeded the standard
requirement of about 3,065.81 hectares per 1,000 population. However, this is of no surprise since
most of the city’s industrial areas are located within an identified heavy industrial growth zone
and/or mineral reservation area particularly in the rural islands. The projection by year 2020 requires
only a total of 1,172.22 hectares industrial land use per 1,000 population, with which the 2010
existing industrial land use still exceeded the standard requirement of about 2,902.65 hectares.
Based on the standard and projected industrial space requirement, the city no longer needs
industrial space to meet present and future demand at the end of the planning period 2020.
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Projected Allowable Industrial Land Area Requirement
2011-2020
Standard Industrial Land

Projected Population Projected Allowable Industrial
Year Intensity
Area Requirement (has.)
(in has./1000 population
2011 140,316 1,024.31

2012 142,434 1,039.77
2013 144,585 1,055.47
2014 146,768 1,071.41
2015 148,984 7.30 1,087.58
2016 151,234 1,104.01
2017 153,518 1,120.68
2018 155,836 1,137.61
2019 158,189 1,514.78
2020 160,578 1,172.22
Given the above, the following existing and proposed projects will be developed, viz:
1. Development and operations of the Special Economic Zone for heavy industries in Nonoc
Island anchored on the re-operation of the Nickel Refinery
2. Medium to Heavy Industrial Zone development in Bonifacio-Quezon-Mapawa-Trinidad
anchored on the operations and expansion of Pacific Cement Phils., Inc.
3. Development of Light to Medium Industrial Zone along Togbongon-Rizal Junction
4. Development of Light to Medium Industrial Estate in Brgy. Balibayon
5. Development of Agri-Industrial Estate at Brgy. Cagniog
With regards to the impacts of various hazard elements to these identified industrial
development areas, the development of light and medium industries within the junction of Brgys.
Togbongon and Rizal are moderately susceptible to two-year flooding, but highly susceptible to five-
year flooding scenarios. These barangays are also prone to liquefaction. In this case, there is a need
for mitigating measures prior to any development in the area.
Meanwhile, the proposed development of Special Economic Zone at Nonoc Island is far from
the effects of two-year and/or five-year flooding. However, this Island is highly susceptible to
liquefaction, storm surge, tsunami and rain induced landslides.
The area proposed for agri-industrial estate development at Brgy. Balibayon is susceptible to
two-year and five-year flooding; liquefaction, storm surge and tsunami.
The areas in Brgys. Quezon and Trinidad for the operation of the Pacific Cement Philippines,
Inc. are still susceptible to flooding, highly susceptible to liquefaction, and low to high susceptible to
rain induced and earthquake induced landslides in some hilly and sloping areas.
Page 72
5.1.4 Institutional Land Use
In order to comply with the prescribed standards for institutional facilities, there is an
additional land requirement of 36 hectares. Such would include the construction of 12 health
centers and 13 day care centers, standardize the existing school sites in elementary and secondary
schools, as well as substandard protective facilities. There may also be a need to relocate facilities
which have been temporarily constructed in environmentally hazardous locations.
In education specifically, an additional area of 12 hectares is needed for the elementary

level and 23 hectares for secondary level, based on the standard sizes for school sites and given the
number of classes in the elementary and secondary levels.
Sub-standard school sites translate to substandard basic physical facilities support.

However, expansion for centrally-located schools where enrollment rate is high, is constrained due
to the absence of space. In order to sustain a standard Classroom to pupil/student ratio, vertical
expansion is recommended. The introduction of local enrollment policies to decongest pupil/student
population especially in centrally located schools is another option to address the issue.
Within the planning period, a total land area of 67.4 hectares is proposed for institutional
facilities within the urban area to address the current backlog and allow also the establishment
and/or expansion of existing facilities that are deemed necessary to address the current and
projected needs and demands of the population. Such will also address the vulnerability of these
facilities to environmental hazards thereby enhancing further the delivery of services by the local
government and other future development requirements. While only two (2) hectares are deemed
needed for future requirements, the bigger bulk of land requirement for the institutional facilities
are integrated already under the built-up category particularly those facilities which are located in
poblacion areas of the rural mainland and rural island barangays.
Page 73
5.1.5 Parks, Playground and other Recreational Facilities
Although there is presently an ample number of facilities and existence of natural potential
areas for sports and recreation in the city, an additional area of 11.59 hectares is proposed for the
sector within the planning period in order to accommodate strategic developmental projects
particularly the proposed improvement of areas along the Kinabutan river in Barangay Luna and
expansion of the boulevard. Certain areas particularly in Barangay Luna are also proposed for
conversion into parks and recreation owing to their characters. Open spaces and playgrounds, on
the other hand, are already incorporated in the development of subdivision plans per the Housing
and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) Guidelines.
5.1.6 Cemeteries/Memorial Parks
Owing to the present dilapidated and congested state of the existing city public cemetery,
there is a need to allocate a suitable area for the development of a better and modernized cemetery
as well as to address the projected increase in the need for burial space within the planning period.
Hence an additional area of 14.70 is proposed under this land use category for this particular
strategic development requirement.
The construction of arterial roads will provide wider access in the transport of people and
goods in and out of the city and eventually can reduce traffic congestion in the urban area. Standard
road right of way sizes will be implemented accordingly with parallel flood control projects such as
drainage canals will be the major developments in the urban and sub-urban districts. Proposed
airport expansion will involve the construction of additional 300 meters connecting the north end of
runway 18 having 36 meters in width, with an expansion area of 1.08 hectares.
Surigao Baseport and Lipata Ferry Terminal will be expanded as well to allow wider vessel
maneuvers. Moreover, the Port of Lipata will be expanded by a total of 1.139 hectares extension.
The proposed land use total area for the infrastructure and utilities in urban and sub-urban area is
393.04 hectares.
Mainland road network especially the expanse of existing national roads will be expanded
with additional two (2) lanes proposed for construction, especially the section beginning from the
corner of National Highway-Roxas Street and the rest of the sections of the Surigao-Agusan Road.
Road expansion shall also be undertaken along the national highway fronting the Surigao Base Port.
Development/opening of new roads and improvement or expansion of existing ones to allow
additional arterial access and better circulation to and from the CBD connecting the national roads
shall likewise be pursued especially the following road sections, viz:
 So. Bioborhan, Brgy. Rizal to So. Banahaw, Brgy. Lipata 1.5 kms.
 City Motorpool to So. Tumanday, Brgy. Sabang 2.8 kms.
 Bernadette Village to Holy Cross Village, Brgy. Luna 2.6 kms.
 So. Looc, Brgy. Luna to Sanitary Landfill Road Junction 0.98 km.
 Surigao Memorial Park to Brgy. Silop 6.7 kms.
 Km. 7 National Highway to Brgy. Poctoy 1.0 km.
 So. Looc to So. Bacud, Brgy. Luna 2.2 kms.
 Transport Terminal entrance to So. Looc, Brgy. Luna 0.615 km.
Page 74
Proposed arterial roads within the city mainland.
Existing lateral road and other farm to market roads will be subjected to concreting for a
better, improved and strong road network along the national circumferential routes and city/
barangay roads. Total proposed road land use area is 200 hectares.
Hikdop, Sibale and Bayagnan islands are proposed to have their respective circumferential
road constructions having a total of 51.22 hectares for concreting within the plan period.
Page 75
5.2 General Land Uses
Outside of the urban and suburban cluster, general land use categories were used given the
relatively small scale and slow rate of physical development that the rural barangays both in the
mainland and islands currently exhibits. The general land uses are mostly focused on maintaining
the critical balance between the requirements of protection and conservation particularly forest
categories, mangrove swamps, agricultural production areas, industrial areas and pocket mixed use
rural communities lumped into built-up areas.
Proposed general land use map in the rural mainland barangays.
The largest area in the general land use category covers primary agricultural lands and crop
lands totaling more or less 13,688.14 hectares. These are mostly concentrated in the primary
agricultural lands located along the banks of the Surigao River and the crop lands in the rolling hills
adjacent to these rice lands in the south central mainland barangays. A large portion of crop lands
can also be found in the southwest barangays of Arellano District.
Page 76
Forest lands also occupy a sizable area covering more or less 6,280 hectares. These consist of
protection forests in the upland areas inclusive of the city’s primary watershed located in the upland
areas of Brgys. Mat-i and Mabini and in Lumaban, Brgy. Rizal.
In the islands, the major bulk is industrial use covering Nonoc Island with an area of about
4,000 hectares. This industrial area forms part of the Surigao Mineral Reservation and is currently
zoned for heavy industrial use allied with mining and mineral processing.
Proposed general land use map in the rural island barangays.
Page 77
5.3 Summary of Land Use Area Requirement (all figures are in hectares)
PROPOSED LAND USE AREAS

LAND USE CATEGORIES
(2011-2020)
Residential 763.10
Commercial 176.48
Infrastructure/Utilities 644.30
Institutional 67.43
Parks/Playground and other Recreational Spaces 17.00
Industrial 4,074.87
Built up area 935.10
Agriculture 13,688.14
- Rice and Corn Land 3,159.40
- Cocoland 10,309.46
- Cropland 219.28
Forest and Forest Categories
- Protected Forest 1,790.17
- Production Forest 4,490.00
- Grassland/Pasture 1,600.86
Agro-Industrial 167.00
Tourism 86.00
OTHER USES
Cemetery/Mem. Park 25.70
Dumpsites/Sanitary Landfill 14.00
Buffer Zones/Easements 42.00
Conservation Area 128.00
Risk/Hazard Area 8.84
Water Uses
- Nipa, Swamps, mangroves 2,822.50
- Bodies of water (rivers & tributaries) 145.20
- Aquaculture and Mariculture 325.77
Total 32,337.93
Page 78
CHAPTER 6
General Land Use Policies
General Policies/Area-Based Indicators/Descriptors

 Urban
o Discourage further development in critical flood prone areas unless mitigating
measures are in-place
o Clearing of settlements along river banks, coastal areas and other hazardous areas
o Densification of existing residential/commercial/institutional areas and facilities, e.g.
vertical expansion
o Development of alternative area to decongest the CBD – proposed coastal
reclamation in San Juan for mixed use commercial, high-density/high-end
residential, parks and recreation/open space development front the coast to double
up as buffer for storm surges
o Implementation of 3-meter legal easements along riverbanks, setbacks along
roads/streets, and parking requirements for commercial establishments
 Sub-Urban/Tourism
o Subject to designated spatial development role, the area serves as the immediate
urban expansion area for settlements, commercial development
o Development of commercial strip along main arteries/national highway (Luna to
Bonifacio, Rizal areas)
o Preservation of remaining swamps, mangroves, wetland areas
o 20-meter salvage zone along coastal areas should be free from any permanent
development
o Zone areas for specific tourism-related activities, e.g. eco-tourism, parks, beaches,
etc.
 Agricultural, Agri-Industrial, Agri-Fishery-Tourism Zones (Islands)
o Maintain and develop SAFDZs
o No conversion of prime agricultural lands to other uses
o Limit conversion of marginal crop lands to strategic and optimum land utilization
o Protection and preservation of strategic coastal areas and sanctuaries
o Implementation of 20-meter legal easements and buffer zones in coastal/river bank
areas
 Industrial Zones
o Promotion of responsible mining with emphasis on the preservation of ecological
balance (upland-lowland-coastal ecosystems)
o No development in watershed areas and observance of legal buffer zones
o Preservation of critical slopes unless otherwise structural mitigating measures shall
be introduced
o Structural designs shall conform with integrity standards to withstand PEIS VIII
earthquake
o Implementation of 40-meter legal easements and buffer zones in coastal/river bank
areas
 New-Township/Townsite Development
o Intended for mixed use development in the suburban areas of Lipata-Punta Bilar-
Mabua in the west, and in Luna-Silop-Cagniog area
o Aims to decongest the CBD/urban core and provide areas for large scale mixed use
property development
Page 79
MAPS
MAP NO. MAP TITLE Page
1 Surigao City Location Map 82
2 Topographic map 83
3 Surigao in 1907 84
6 Surigao Basemap 87
7 Population Density Map 88
8 Soil Infiltration Map 89
9 Erosion Map 90
10 Slope Map 91
11 Semi-Detailed Soil Map 92
12 SAFDZ Map 93
13 Agriculture (Poultry and Livestock) 94
14 Agriculture (Crop) 95
15 Agriculture (Aquaculture) 96
16 Road Network Map 97
17 Facilities Map (Churches) 98
18 Infra map (Bridges) 99
19 Infra Map (Power) 100
20 Drainage Plan 101
21 Infra Map (Telecommunications) 102
22 Infra Map (Facilities) 103
23 Water Sources 104
24 Transport Terminal 105
25 Other Transport 106
26 Residential Subdivisions 107
27 Informal Sector 108
28 Social Welfare Facilities 109
29 Health Sector 110
30 Education Map 111
31 Protective Services 112
33 Cemeteries 113
34 Land Suitability Map 114
35 Land Classification Map 115
36 Special Economic Zone 116
37 Location of Watersheds 117
38 Mineral Resources Map 118
39 Tourism Spots 119
40 Tourism Establishments 120
41 Forest Parks 121
42 Commercial Establishments 122
43 Spatial Development Framework 123
44 Structure Development Clusters 124
45 Flood Hazard Map 125
46 Ground Rupture Hazard Map 126
47 Ground Shaking Hazard Map 127
Page 80
48 Rain-Induced Landslides Hazard Map 128
49 Tsunami Hazard Map 129
50 Earthquake-Induced Landslides Hazard Map 130
51 Storm Surge Hazard Map 131
52 Liquefaction Hazard map 132
53 Actual Land Use Map (2010) 133
54 Approved Land Use Map ( Urban-Sub-urban Cluster) 134
55 Approved Land Use Map ( Rural Mainland Cluster) 135
56 Approved Land Use Map ( Rural Island Cluster) 136
57 Proposed Land Use Map ( Urban-Sub-urban Cluster) 137
58 Proposed Land Use Map ( Rural Mainland Cluster) 138
59 Proposed Land Use Map ( Rural Island Cluster) 139
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 PLAN FRAMEWORK AND RATIONALE - - - 4

2.0 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES - - - 6

3.0 VISION-MISSION STATEMENT - - - 34

4.0 LAND USE STRATEGIES, LAND USES AND TRENDS - - - 38

4.4 General Land Uses/Areas Outside of the Current Urban Area - - 55

4.5 Proposed Land Use Strategies - - - 59

5.0 PROPOSED LAND USES - - - 69

5.2 General Land Uses - - - 76

6.0 GENERAL LAND USE POLICIES - - - 79

7.0 THEMATIC AND LAND USE MAPS - - - 80

2.1 Inherent Constraints

2.1.1 Hydro-meteorological hazards

The common occurrence of flooding in Surigao is either river flooding or coastal

CRITICAL FLOOD PRONE AREAS

2. Bonifacio : Purok 7 Flooding – from overflow of the Formulation of an

3. Cabongbongan : Flood and riverbank scouring – 1. Relocation of 4 houses along

5. Capalayan : Flood hazard – Almost all

10. Sabang : Coastal and River Flooding – Formulation of an Integrated

13. San Roque Flood hazard - from overflow of Formulation of an

Landslides, as defined refers to the downward and outward movement of slope

BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDES

Name of Barangay/ Description of

1. Put road sign indicating

1. Remove old landslide

Debris slump – due to high

Debris slide - in loose ground,

Rock slide, rock falls - in an

Debris slide – due to very steep

Debris slide – due to very steep

Debris slump – found in

Debris slump – recent slide area;

TROPICAL CYCLONES AFFECTING SURIGAO CITY

BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO STORM SURGES

Earthquake Ground Shaking

Earthquake-induced landslides have already been discussed in the earlier section.

BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LIQUEFACTION

There were no recorded incidents or historical accounts of tsunami in the city. A

HYPOTHETICAL LOCAL TSUNAMI SCENARIO1

The above-cited local tsunami scenario is based on the probability of an earthquake

2.2 Derived Constraints

On the aspect of telecommunications, mobile communications has to be expanded to

3.1 Vision and Mission

Thus, the city’s mission statement now declares, viz:

3.2 Vision Elements, Descriptors and Success Indicators

3.2.1 Qualities of the People as Individuals

3.2.2 Qualities of the People as Society

3.2.3 Nature of the Local Economy

In-bound direct investments is indispensable for the city to allow optimum

Conservation of remaining protected areas such as forests, watershed reserves,

3.2.5 Condition of the Built Environment

The emphasis on the development of the built environment is in decongesting the

Respecting environmental constraints, other physical factors and geo-hazards shall

Governance reforms and present headways achieved in terms of fiscal

3.3 Physical Development Goals

 Land and land-based resources optimally utilized.

4.1 Existing Land Use Strategies

4.2 Urban Growth Corridors and Nodes

4.3.1 Residential Land Use