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    Runge-Kutta 4 Method

    Uploaded by

    Farhan Abbas
    The document discusses the Runge-Kutta 4th order method for solving ordinary differential equations numerically. It provides an example of using the method to model the cooling of a ball over time. The key steps of the Runge-Kutta method are outlined and the results are compared to the exact solution. Tables and graphs show how the accuracy improves as the step size is reduced, demonstrating the convergence of the numerical method.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Runge-Kutta 4 Method

    Uploaded by

    Farhan Abbas
    167 views13 pages
    The document discusses the Runge-Kutta 4th order method for solving ordinary differential equations numerically. It provides an example of using the method to model the cooling of a ball over time. The key steps of the Runge-Kutta method are outlined and the results are compared to the exact solution. Tables and graphs show how the accuracy improves as the step size is reduced, demonstrating the convergence of the numerical method.

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    Runge-Kutta 4 method

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    Runge-Kutta 4 method

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    The document discusses the Runge-Kutta 4th order method for solving ordinary differential equations numerically. It provides an example of using the method to model the cooling of a ball over time. The key steps of the Runge-Kutta method are outlined and the results are compared to the exact solution. Tables and graphs show how the accuracy improves as the step size is reduced, demonstrating the convergence of the numerical method.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    167 views13 pages

    Runge-Kutta 4 Method

    Uploaded by

    Farhan Abbas
    The document discusses the Runge-Kutta 4th order method for solving ordinary differential equations numerically. It provides an example of using the method to model the cooling of a ball over time. The key steps of the Runge-Kutta method are outlined and the results are compared to the exact solution. Tables and graphs show how the accuracy improves as the step size is reduced, demonstrating the convergence of the numerical method.

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    Runge-Kutta 4 Order Method

    th

    1
    Runge-Kutta 4 Order Method th

    Fo
    r
    Runge Kutta 4 th order method is given by

    wher
    e

    2
    How to write Ordinary
    Differential Equation
    How does one write a first order differential equation in the form of

    Exampl
    e

    is
    rewritten
    as

    In this
    case

    3
    Example
    A ball at 1200K is allowed to cool down in air at an ambient
    temperature of 300K. Assuming heat is lost only due to
    radiation, the differential equation for the temperature of the
    ball is given by

    Find the seconds using Runge-Kutta 4th order


    temperature at method.
    Assume a step second
    size of s.

    4
    Solution
    Step 1:

    5
    Solution Cont

    is the approximate temperature at

    6
    Solution Cont
    Step 2:

    7
    Solution Cont

    θ2 is the approximate temperature at

    8
    Solution Cont

    The exact solution of the ordinary differential equation is given by the


    solution of a non-linear equation as

    The solution to this nonlinear equation at t=480 seconds is

    9
    Comparison with exact results

    Figure 1. Comparison of Runge-Kutta 4th order method with exact solution


    10
    Effect of step size
    Table 1. Temperature at 480 seconds as a function of step size, h

    Step size, h θ (480) Et |єt|%

    480 −90.278 737.85 113.94


    240 594.91 52.660 8.1319
    120 646.16 1.4122 0.21807
    60 647.54 0.033626 0.0051926
    30 647.57 0.00086900 0.00013419
    (exact
    )
    11
    Effects of step size on Runge-
    Kutta 4 Order Method
    th

    Figure 2. Effect of step size in Runge-Kutta 4th order method

    12
    Comparison of Euler and Runge-
    Kutta Methods

    Figure 3. Comparison of Runge-Kutta methods of 1st, 2nd, and 4th order.


    13

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