howtoforge.

com

The Perfect Server - Debian 10 (Buster) with

Apache, BIND, Dovecot, PureFTPD and
ISPConfig 3.1
30-38 minutos

This tutorial shows how to prepare a Debian 10 server (with Apache2, BIND, Dovecot) for the
installation of ISPConfig 3.1, and how to install ISPConfig. The web hosting control panel
ISPConfig 3 allows you to configure the following services through a web browser: Apache or
nginx web server, Postfix mail server, Courier or Dovecot IMAP/POP3 server, MySQL, BIND or
MyDNS nameserver, PureFTPd, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, and many more. This setup covers
Apache (instead of nginx), BIND, and Dovecot.

1 Preliminary Note
In this tutorial, I will use the hostname server1.example.com with the IP address 192.168.0.100 and
the gateway 192.168.0.1. These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where
appropriate. Before proceeding further you need to have a minimal installation of Debian 10. This
might be a Debian minimal image from your Hosting provider or you use the Minimal Debian
Server tutorial to set up the base system.
All commands below are run as root user. Either log in as root user directly or log in as your normal
user and then use the command
su -

to become root user on your server before you proceed. IMPORTANT: You must use 'su -' and not
just 'su', otherwise your PATH variable is set wrong by Debian.

2 Install the SSH server (Optional)

If you did not install the OpenSSH server during the system installation, you can do it now:
apt-get install ssh openssh-server
From now on you can use an SSH client such as PuTTY and connect from your workstation to your
Debian 9 server and follow the remaining steps from this tutorial.

3 Install a shell text editor (Optional)

We will use nano text editor in this tutorial. Some users prefer the classic vi editor, therefore we will
install both editors here. The default vi program has some strange behavior on Debian and Ubuntu;
to fix this, we install vim-nox:
apt-get install nano vim-nox

If vi is your favorite editor, then replace nano with vi in the following commands to edit files.

4 Configure the Hostname

The hostname of your server should be a subdomain like "server1.example.com". Do not use a
domain name without subdomain part like "example.com" as hostname as this will cause problems
later with your mail setup. First, you should check the hostname in /etc/hosts and change it when
necessary. The line should be: "IP Address - space - full hostname incl. domain - space - subdomain
part". For our hostname server1.example.com, the file shall look like this:
nano /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

192.168.0.100 server1.example.com server1

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts

::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

Then edit the /etc/hostname file:

nano /etc/hostname

It shall contain only the subdomain part, in our case:

server1

Finally, reboot the server to apply the change:

systemctl reboot

Log in again and check if the hostname is correct now with these commands:
hostname
hostname -f

The output shall be like this:

root@server1:/tmp# hostname
server1
root@server1:/tmp# hostname -f
server1.example.com
5 Update your Debian Installation
First, make sure that your /etc/apt/sources.list contains the buster/updates repository (this makes
sure you always get the newest security updates), and that the contrib and non-free repositories are
enabled as some required packages are not in the main repository.
nano /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free

deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-
free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib
non-free

Run:
apt-get update

To update the apt package database

apt-get upgrade

and to install the latest updates (if there are any).

6. Change the Default Shell

/bin/sh is a symlink to /bin/dash, however we need /bin/bash, not /bin/dash. Therefore, we do this:
dpkg-reconfigure dash

Use dash as the default system shell (/bin/sh)? <-- No

If you don't do this, the ISPConfig installation will fail.

7 Synchronize the System Clock

It is a good idea to synchronize the system clock with an NTP (network time protocol) server over
the Internet. Simply run
apt-get -y install ntp

and your system time will always be in sync.

8 Install Postfix, Dovecot, MariaDB, rkhunter, and Binutils

We can install Postfix, Dovecot, MariaDB as MySQL alternative, rkhunter, and Binutils with a
single command:
apt-get -y install postfix postfix-mysql postfix-doc mariadb-client mariadb-
server openssl getmail4 rkhunter binutils dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d dovecot-
mysql dovecot-sieve dovecot-lmtpd sudo

You will be asked the following questions:

General type of mail configuration: <-- Internet Site
System mail name: <-- server1.example.com
To secure the MariaDB installation and to disable the test database, run this command:
mysql_secure_installation

Answer the questions as follows:

Change the root password? [Y/n] <-- y
New password: <-- Enter a new MariaDB root password
Re-enter new password: <-- Repeat the MariaDB root password
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <-- y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <-- y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <-- y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <-- y

Next, open the TLS/SSL and submission ports in Postfix:

nano /etc/postfix/master.cf

Uncomment the submission and smtps sections as follows and add lines where necessary so that
this section of the master.cf file looks exactly like the one below. IMPORTANT: Remove the # in
front of the lines that start with smtps and submission too and not just from the -o lines after these
lines!
[...]
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
[...]

Restart Postfix afterwards:

systemctl restart postfix

We want MySQL to listen on all interfaces, not just localhost. Therefore, we edit
/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf and comment out the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1 by
adding a # in front of it.
nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

[...]
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
#bind-address = 127.0.0.1
[...]

Set the password authentication method in MariaDB to native so we can use PHPMyAdmin later to
connect as root user:
echo "update mysql.user set plugin = 'mysql_native_password' where user='root';"
| mysql -u root

Edit the file /etc/mysql/debian.cnf and set the MYSQL / MariaDB root password there twice in the
rows that start with the word password.
nano /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

The MySQL root password that needs to be added is shown in red. In this example, the password is
"howtoforge".
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host = localhost
user = root
password = howtoforge
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host = localhost
user = root
password = howtoforge
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
basedir = /usr

To prevent the error 'Error in accept: Too many open files' we will set higher open file limits for
MariaDB now.
Open the file /etc/security/limits.conf with an editor:
nano /etc/security/limits.conf

and add these lines at the end of the file.

mysql soft nofile 65535
mysql hard nofile 65535

Next, create a new directory /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service.d/ with the mkdir command.

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service.d/

and add a new file inside:

nano /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service.d/limits.conf

paste the following lines into that file:

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=infinity
Save the file and close the nano editor.
Then we reload systemd and restart MariaDB:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart mariadb

Now check that networking is enabled. Run

netstat -tap | grep mysql

The output should look like this:

root@server1:/home/administrator# netstat -tap | grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 [::]:mysql [::]:* LISTEN 16623/mysqld

9 Install Amavisd-new, SpamAssassin, and ClamAV

To install amavisd-new, SpamAssassin and ClamAV, we run
apt-get install amavisd-new spamassassin clamav clamav-daemon unzip bzip2 arj
nomarch lzop cabextract p7zip p7zip-full unrar lrzip apt-listchanges libnet-
ldap-perl libauthen-sasl-perl clamav-docs daemon libio-string-perl libio-socket-
ssl-perl libnet-ident-perl zip libnet-dns-perl libdbd-mysql-perl postgrey

The ISPConfig 3 setup uses amavisd which loads the SpamAssassin filter library internally, so we
can stop SpamAssassin to free up some RAM:
systemctl stop spamassassin
systemctl disable spamassassin

10 Install Apache Web Server and PHP

Apache2, PHP, FCGI, suExec, Pear, and mcrypt can be installed as follows:
apt-get -y install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-utils libapache2-mod-php php7.3
php7.3-common php7.3-gd php7.3-mysql php7.3-imap php7.3-cli php7.3-cgi
libapache2-mod-fcgid apache2-suexec-pristine php-pear mcrypt imagemagick
libruby libapache2-mod-python php7.3-curl php7.3-intl php7.3-pspell php7.3-
recode php7.3-sqlite3 php7.3-tidy php7.3-xmlrpc php7.3-xsl memcached php-
memcache php-imagick php-gettext php7.3-zip php7.3-mbstring memcached libapache2
-mod-passenger php7.3-soap php7.3-fpm php7.3-opcache php-apcu

Then run the following command to enable the Apache modules suexec, rewrite, ssl, actions, and
include (plus dav, dav_fs, and auth_digest if you want to use WebDAV):
a2enmod suexec rewrite ssl actions include dav_fs dav auth_digest cgi
headers actions proxy_fcgi alias

To ensure that the server cannot be attacked through the HTTPOXY vulnerability, we will disable
the HTTP_PROXY header in apache globally by adding the configuration file /etc/apache2/conf-
available/httpoxy.conf.
Note: The vulnerability is named httpoxy (without 'r') and therefore the file where we add the config
to prevent it is named httpoxy.conf and not httproxy.conf, so there is no 'r' missing in the filename.
nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/httpoxy.conf
Paste the following content to the file:
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
RequestHeader unset Proxy early
</IfModule>

And enable the module by running:

a2enconf httpoxy
systemctl restart apache2

11 Install Let's Encrypt

ISPConfig 3.1 has support for the free SSL Certificate authority Let's encrypt. The Let's Encrypt
function allows you to create free SSL certificates for your website from within ISPConfig.
Now we will add support for Let's encrypt.
cd /usr/local/bin
wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto
chmod a+x certbot-auto
./certbot-auto --install-only

There are no further steps required than installing LE. The website SSL certificates are created by
ISPConfig when you add the web sites.

12 Install Mailman
ISPConfig allows you to manage (create/modify/delete) Mailman mailing lists. If you want to make
use of this feature, install Mailman as follows:
apt-get install mailman

Select at least one language, e.g.:

Languages to support: <-- en (English)
Missing site list <-- Ok

Before we can start Mailman, a first mailing list called mailman must be created:
newlist mailman

root@server1:~# newlist mailman

Enter the email of the person running the list: <-- admin email address, e.g. li
stadmin@example.com
Initial mailman password: <-- admin password for the mailman list
To finish creating your mailing list, you must edit your /etc/aliases (or
equivalent) file by adding the following lines, and possibly running the
`newaliases' program:
## mailman mailing list
mailman: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman"
mailman-admin: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman"
mailman-bounces: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman"
mailman-confirm: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman"
mailman-join: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman"
mailman-leave: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman"
mailman-owner: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman"
mailman-request: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman"
mailman-subscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman"
mailman-unsubscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman"
Hit enter to notify mailman owner... <-- ENTER
root@server1:~#

Open /etc/aliases afterwards...

nano /etc/aliases

... and add the following lines:

[...]
## mailman mailing list
mailman: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman"
mailman-admin: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman"
mailman-bounces: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman"
mailman-confirm: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman"
mailman-join: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman"
mailman-leave: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman"
mailman-owner: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman"
mailman-request: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman"
mailman-subscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman"
mailman-unsubscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman"

Run:
newaliases

and restart Postfix:

systemctl restart postfix

Finally, we must enable the Mailman Apache configuration:

ln -s /etc/mailman/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/mailman.conf

This defines the alias /cgi-bin/mailman/ for all Apache vhosts, which means you can access the
Mailman admin interface for a list at http://server1.example.com/cgi-bin/mailman/admin/, and the
web page for users of a mailing list can be found at http://server1.example.com/cgi-
bin/mailman/listinfo/.
Under http://server1.example.com/pipermail you can find the mailing list archives.
Restart Apache afterwards:
systemctl restart apache2

Then start the Mailman daemon:

systemctl restart mailman

13 Install PureFTPd and Quota

PureFTPd and quota can be installed with the following command:
apt-get install pure-ftpd-common pure-ftpd-mysql quota quotatool

Create the dhparam file for pure-ftpd:

openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd-dhparams.pem 2048

Edit the file /etc/default/pure-ftpd-common...

nano /etc/default/pure-ftpd-common

... and make sure that the start mode is set to standalone and set VIRTUALCHROOT=true:
[...]
STANDALONE_OR_INETD=standalone
[...]
VIRTUALCHROOT=true
[...]

Now we configure PureFTPd to allow FTP and TLS sessions. FTP is a very insecure protocol
because all passwords and all data are transferred in clear text. By using TLS, the whole
communication can be encrypted, thus making FTP much more secure.
If you want to allow FTP and TLS sessions, run
echo 1 > /etc/pure-ftpd/conf/TLS

In order to use TLS, we must create an SSL certificate. I create it in /etc/ssl/private/, therefore I
create that directory first:
mkdir -p /etc/ssl/private/

Afterwards, we can generate the SSL certificate as follows:

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 7300 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout
/etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <-- Enter your Country Name (e.g., "DE").
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <-- Enter your State or
Province Name.
Locality Name (eg, city) []: <-- Enter your City.
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: <-- Enter your
Organization Name (e.g., the name of your company).
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Enter your Organizational Unit
Name (e.g. "IT Department").
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: <-- Enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the
system (e.g. "server1.example.com").
Email Address []: <-- Enter your Email Address.

Change the permissions of the SSL certificate:

chmod 600 /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem

Then restart PureFTPd:

systemctl restart pure-ftpd-mysql

Edit /etc/fstab. Mine looks like this (I added

,usrjquota=quota.user,grpjquota=quota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0 to the partition with the mount point /):
nano /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.

#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=45576b38-39e8-4994-b8c1-ea4870e2e614 / ext4 errors=remount-
ro,usrjquota=quota.user,grpjquota=quota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=8bea0d1e-ec37-4b20-9976-4b7daaa3eb69 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0

To enable quota, run these commands:

mount -o remount /

quotacheck -avugm
quotaon -avug

14 Install BIND DNS Server

BIND can be installed as follows:
apt-get install bind9 dnsutils

If your server is a virtual machine, then it is highly recommended to install the haveged daemon to
get a higher entropy for DNSSEC signing. You can install haveged on nonvirtual servers as well, it
should not hurt.
apt-get install haveged

An explanation on that topic can be found here.

15 Install Webalizer and AWStats

Webalizer and AWStats can be installed as follows:
apt-get install webalizer awstats geoip-database libclass-dbi-mysql-
perl libtimedate-perl

Open /etc/cron.d/awstats afterwards...

nano /etc/cron.d/awstats

... and comment out everything in that file:

#MAILTO=root

#*/10 * * * * www-data [ -x /usr/share/awstats/tools/update.sh ] &&

/usr/share/awstats/tools/update.sh

# Generate static reports:

#10 03 * * * www-data [ -x /usr/share/awstats/tools/buildstatic.sh ] &&
/usr/share/awstats/tools/buildstatic.sh

16 Install Jailkit
Jailkit is needed only if you want to chroot SSH users. It can be installed as follows:
apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libtool flex bison debhelper
binutils

cd /tmp
wget http://olivier.sessink.nl/jailkit/jailkit-2.20.tar.gz
tar xvfz jailkit-2.20.tar.gz
cd jailkit-2.20
echo 5 > debian/compat
./debian/rules binary

You can now install the Jailkit .deb package as follows:

cd ..
dpkg -i jailkit_2.20-1_*.deb
rm -rf jailkit-2.20*

17 Install fail2ban and UFW Firewall

This is optional but recommended, because the ISPConfig monitor tries to show the log:
apt-get install fail2ban

To make fail2ban monitor PureFTPd and Dovecot, create the file /etc/fail2ban/jail.local:
nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local

And add the following configuration to it.

[pure-ftpd]
enabled = true
port = ftp
filter = pure-ftpd
logpath = /var/log/syslog
maxretry = 3
[dovecot]
enabled = true
filter = dovecot
logpath = /var/log/mail.log
maxretry = 5
[postfix-sasl]
enabled = true
port = smtp
filter = postfix[mode=auth]
logpath = /var/log/mail.log
maxretry = 3

Restart fail2ban afterwards:

systemctl restart fail2ban

To install the UFW firewall, run this apt command:

apt-get install ufw

Since Debian 10, PHPMyAdmin is not available as .deb package anymore. Therefore we will install
it from source.
Create folders for PHPMyadmin:
mkdir /usr/share/phpmyadmin
mkdir /etc/phpmyadmin
mkdir -p /var/lib/phpmyadmin/tmp
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/lib/phpmyadmin
touch /etc/phpmyadmin/htpasswd.setup

Go to the /tmp directory and download the PHPMyAdmin sources:

cd /tmp
wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.9.0.1/phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-
languages.tar.gz

Unpack the downloaded archive file and move the files to the /usr/share/phpmyadmin folder and
clean up the /tmp directory.
tar xfz phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages/* /usr/share/phpmyadmin/
rm phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages.tar.gz
rm -rf phpMyAdmin-4.9.0.1-all-languages

Create a new config file for PHPMyaAdmin based on the provided sample file:
cp /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.sample.inc.php
/usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

Open the config file with nano editor:

nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

Set a secure password (blowfish secret) which must be 32 chars long:

$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'bD3e6wva9fnd93jVsb7SDgeiBCd452Dh'; /* YOU MUST FILL
IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH! */

Don't use my example blowfish secret, set your own one!

Then add a line to set the directory which PHPMyAdmin shall use to store temporary files:
$cfg['TempDir'] = '/var/lib/phpmyadmin/tmp';

Next, we create the Apache configuration file for PHPMyAdmin by opening a new file in nano
editor:
nano /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf

Paste the following config into the file and save it.
# phpMyAdmin default Apache configuration
Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin>
Options FollowSymLinks
DirectoryIndex index.php
<IfModule mod_php7.c>
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off
php_flag track_vars On
php_flag register_globals Off
php_value include_path .
</IfModule>
</Directory>
# Authorize for setup
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup>
 <IfModule mod_authn_file.c>
AuthType Basic
AuthName "phpMyAdmin Setup"
AuthUserFile /etc/phpmyadmin/htpasswd.setup
</IfModule>
Require valid-user
</Directory>
# Disallow web access to directories that don't need it
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/libraries>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin/setup/lib>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
</Directory>

Activate the configuration and restart Apache.

a2enconf phpmyadmin
systemctl restart apache2

In the next step, we will configure the phpMyadmin configuration store (database).
Log into MariaDB as root user:
mysql -u root -p

In the MariaDB shell, create a new database for PHPMyAdmin:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE phpmyadmin;

Then create a new user:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';

Replace the word mypassword with a secure password of your choice in the commands above and
below, use the same password both times. Then grant the user access to this database and reload
database permissions.
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON phpmyadmin.* TO 'pma'@'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> EXIT;

Finally, load the SQL tables into the database:

mysql -u root -p phpmyadmin < /usr/share/phpmyadmin/sql/create_tables.sql

Enter the MariaDB root password on request.

All we have to do now is to set the phpmyadmin user details in the configuration file. Open the file
in nano editor again:
nano /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

Scroll down until you see the lines below and edit them:
/* User used to manipulate with storage */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlhost'] = 'localhost';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlport'] = '';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = 'pma';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = 'mypassword';
/* Storage database and tables */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma__bookmark';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma__relation';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma__table_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma__table_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma__pdf_pages';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma__column_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma__history';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_uiprefs'] = 'pma__table_uiprefs';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma__tracking';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma__userconfig';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['recent'] = 'pma__recent';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['favorite'] = 'pma__favorite';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['users'] = 'pma__users';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['usergroups'] = 'pma__usergroups';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['navigationhiding'] = 'pma__navigationhiding';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['savedsearches'] = 'pma__savedsearches';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['central_columns'] = 'pma__central_columns';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_settings'] = 'pma__designer_settings';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['export_templates'] = 'pma__export_templates';

I've marked the lines in red which I've edited. Replace mypassword with the password that you've
chosen for the phpmyadmin user. Note that the // in front of the lines have been removed as well!

19 Install RoundCube Webmail (optional)

In this chapter, we will install the RoundCube webmail client. First, we have to create the database
for Roundcube manually as there is currently an issue in the RoundCube Debian installer which
causes it to fail to create the database automatically. Run this command to create the database:
echo "CREATE DATABASE roundcube;" | mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Then install RoundCube with this command:

apt-get install roundcube roundcube-core roundcube-mysql roundcube-plugins

The installer will ask the following questions:

Configure database for roundcube with dbconfig.common? <-- yes
MySQL application password for roundcube: <-- press enter

Then edit the RoundCube /etc/roundcube/config.inc.php file and adjust a few settings:
nano /etc/roundcube/config.inc.php

Set the default_host and smtp_server to localhost.

$config['default_host'] = 'localhost';
$config['smtp_server'] = 'localhost';

Then edit the Apache roundcube configuration file /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf:

nano /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/roundcube.conf
And add an alias line for the apache /webmail alias and one for /roundcube, you can add the line
right at the beginning of the file. NOTE: Do not use /mail as alias or the ispconfig email module
will stop working!
Alias /roundcube /var/lib/roundcube
Alias /webmail /var/lib/roundcube

Then reload Apache:

systemctl reload apache2

Now you can access RoundCube as follows:

http://192.168.0.100/webmail
http://www.example.com/webmail
http://server1.example.com:8080/webmail (after you have installed ISPConfig, see the next chapter)

20 Download ISPConfig 3
20.1 Download the stable release (recommended)
To install ISPConfig 3 from the latest released version, do this:
cd /tmp
wget http://www.ispconfig.org/downloads/ISPConfig-3-stable.tar.gz
tar xfz ISPConfig-3-stable.tar.gz
cd ispconfig3_install/install/
20.2 Download a pre-release version of the next 3.1 release
If you like to try out the pre-release of an upcoming 3.1 stable version, download it with this
command. This stable branch versions are the last stable release plus the changes for the next stable
version:
cd /tmp
wget -O ISPConfig-3.1-
dev.tar.gz https://git.ispconfig.org/ispconfig/ispconfig3/repository/archive.ta
r.gz?ref=stable-3.1
tar xfz ISPConfig-3.1-dev.tar.gz
cd ispconfig3-stable-3.1*
cd install

21 Install ISPConfig
The next step is to run the ISPConfig installer.
php -q install.php

This will start the ISPConfig 3 installer. The installer will configure all services like Postfix,
Dovecot, etc. for you. A manual setup as required for ISPConfig 2 (perfect setup guides) is not
necessary.
# php -q install.php

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_____ ___________ _____ __ _ ____
|_ _/ ___| ___ \ / __ \ / _(_) /__ \
| | \ `--.| |_/ / | / \/ ___ _ __ | |_ _ __ _ _/ /
| | `--. \ __/ | | / _ \| '_ \| _| |/ _` | |_ |
_| |_/\__/ / | | \__/\ (_) | | | | | | | (_| | ___\ \
\___/\____/\_| \____/\___/|_| |_|_| |_|\__, | \____/
__/ |
|___/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

>> Initial configuration

Operating System: Debian 10.0 (Buster) or compatible

Following will be a few questions for primary configuration so be careful.

Default values are in [brackets] and can be accepted with <ENTER>.
Tap in "quit" (without the quotes) to stop the installer.

Select language (en,de) [en]: <-- Hit Enter

Installation mode (standard,expert) [standard]: <-- Hit Enter

Full qualified hostname (FQDN) of the server, eg server1.domain.tld

[server1.example.com]: <-- Hit Enter

MySQL server hostname [localhost]: <-- Hit Enter

MySQL server port [3306]: <-- Hit Enter

MySQL root username [root]: <-- Hit Enter

MySQL root password []: <-- Enter your MySQL root password

MySQL database to create [dbispconfig]: <-- Hit Enter

MySQL charset [utf8]: <-- Hit Enter

Configuring Postgrey
Configuring Postfix
Generating a 4096 bit RSA private key
.......................................................................++
................................................................................
........................................................++
writing new private key to 'smtpd.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <-- Enter 2 letter country code
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <-- Enter the name of the
state
Locality Name (eg, city) []: <-- Enter your city
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: <-- Enter company
name or press enter
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Hit Enter
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: <-- Enter the server hostname,
in my case: server1.example.com
Email Address []: <-- Hit Enter
Configuring Mailman
Configuring Dovecot
Configuring Spamassassin
Configuring Amavisd
Configuring Getmail
Configuring BIND
Configuring Jailkit
Configuring Pureftpd
Configuring Apache
Configuring vlogger
[INFO] service Metronome XMPP Server not detected
Configuring Ubuntu Firewall
Configuring Fail2ban
[INFO] service OpenVZ not detected
Configuring Apps vhost
Installing ISPConfig
ISPConfig Port [8080]:

Admin password [admin]:

Do you want a secure (SSL) connection to the ISPConfig web interface (y,n)
[y]: <-- Hit Enter

Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus

.......................++
................................................................................
................................................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: <-- Enter 2 letter country code
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: <-- Enter the name of the
state
Locality Name (eg, city) []: <-- Enter your city
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: <-- Enter company
name or press enter
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Hit Enter
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: <-- Enter the server hostname,
in my case: server1.example.com
Email Address []: <-- Hit Enter

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes

to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []: <-- Hit Enter
An optional company name []: <-- Hit Enter
writing RSA key

Configuring DBServer
Installing ISPConfig crontab
no crontab for root
no crontab for getmail
Detect IP addresses
Restarting services ...
Installation completed.

The installer automatically configures all underlying services, so no manual configuration is

needed.
Afterwards you can access ISPConfig 3 under http(s)://server1.example.com:8080/ or
http(s)://192.168.0.100:8080/ ( http or https depends on what you chose during installation). Log in
with the username admin and the password admin (you should change the default password after
your first login):
The system is now ready to be used.

22 Virtual Machine Image Download of this Tutorial

This tutorial is available as ready to use virtual machine image in ovf/ova format that is compatible
with VMWare and Virtualbox. The virtual machine image uses the following login details:
SSH / Shell Login
Username: administrator
Password: howtoforge
Username: root
Password: howtoforge
ISPConfig Login
Username: admin
Password: admin
MySQL Login
Username: root
Password: howtoforge
The IP of the VM is 192.168.0.100, it can be changed in the file /etc/network/interfaces. Please
change all the above passwords to secure the virtual machine.

23 Links
• Debian: http://www.debian.org/
• ISPConfig: http://www.ispconfig.org/

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